240 lines
20 KiB
XML
240 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91bd2182-4133-458e-ab46-e7e1b5421d29" ID-PMC="PMC8677783" ID-PubMed="34916527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788790" approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1639746423904" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S. & Rodriguez, Juanita" docDate="2021" docId="8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="SciRep.11.23126.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Scientific Reports 11 (23126)" docTitle="Eumillipes persephone Marek 2021, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="7B3CE124FFB0FFEDF36DFF84FF83FF8D" masterDocTitle="The first true millipede- 1306 legs long" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668144184932" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The first true millipede- 1306 legs long</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marek, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">paulemarek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buzatto, Bruno A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bennelongia Environmental Consultants, Jolimont, Australia & Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia & University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden Sydney, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Means, Jackson C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Black, Dennis G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Juanita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia. * email: paulemarek @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Scientific Reports</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-12-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>23126</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>11</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">91bd2182-4133-458e-ab46-e7e1b5421d29</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC8677783</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">34916527</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5788790</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788798" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191654109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">
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||
<subSubSection box="[416,903,1306,1330]" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1478,1306,1356]" box="[416,903,1306,1330]" pageId="2">
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<heading bold="true" box="[416,903,1306,1330]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,903,1306,1330]" pageId="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marek" authorityName="Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[416,748,1306,1330]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Eumillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persephone" status="new species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,665,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2">Eumillipes persephone</emphasis>
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Marek
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[758,899,1306,1330]" pageId="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1478,1306,1356]" pageId="2">http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/0AFB7037-E517- 4D05-804B-D9AE1C7B3F47</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1478,1391,1761]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,536,1391,1415]" pageId="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[654,860,1392,1413]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Eumillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persephone">
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<emphasis box="[654,860,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="2">Eumillipes persephone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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canbedifferentiated fromother polyzoniidangenera andspecies (and commonly encountered millipedes co-occurring with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[997,1127,1419,1441]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Eumillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persephone">
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<emphasis box="[997,1127,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2">E. persephone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingRegion box="[1162,1338,1419,1441]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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) based on the combination of the following characters. Body extremely long and thread-like (width:
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<specimenCount box="[1243,1261,1449,1467]" pageId="2">♂</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[1267,1354,1446,1467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="0.92">0.92 mm</quantity>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[1363,1381,1449,1467]" pageId="2">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[1387,1474,1446,1468]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
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; length:
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<specimenCount box="[488,506,1475,1493]" pageId="2">♂</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[512,598,1472,1494]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.47" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="54.7">54.7 mm</quantity>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[608,626,1475,1493]" pageId="2">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[632,721,1472,1494]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.57" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="95.7">95.7 mm</quantity>
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). Exoskeleton uniformly pale, cream-colored (
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<figureCitation box="[1164,1237,1472,1494]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary figs. S6– S8)—with neither dark pigmentation nor longitudinal, nor transverse stripes as in surface-dwelling species (Supplementary Fig. S9). Adult millipedes with an exceptional number of rings and legs:
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<specimenCount box="[1215,1233,1529,1547]" pageId="2">♀</specimenCount>
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up to 330 rings and 1,306 legs, and
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<specimenCount box="[502,520,1555,1573]" pageId="2">♂</specimenCount>
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upto 208 rings and 818 legs (Supplementary tab. S1). Headcone-shaped andeyeless (
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<figureCitation box="[1326,1396,1552,1574]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary
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<figureCitation box="[501,605,1579,1601]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. S1A–C</figureCitation>
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)—lacking eyes as are present in surface-dwelling species. Ninth and 10th leg pairs modified into gonopods (
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<figureCitation box="[568,640,1606,1628]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary figs. S4, S5). Anterior gonopods (9th leg pair) highly modified, not leg like, and distinctly bifurcated into two processes (
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<figureCitation box="[896,968,1632,1654]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary figs. S4, S5A). Medial process of the anterior gonopods saddle-shaped—not pointed and recurved as in
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<taxonomicName authority="Attems" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1911" box="[1063,1401,1659,1680]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Siphonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">
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<emphasis box="[1063,1325,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2">Siphonotus flavomarginatus</emphasis>
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Attems
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1457,1472,1656,1670]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">191121</superScript>
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. Lateral process sheath-like and cupping the medial process. Posterior gonopods (10th leg pair) stylet-like, and in repose threaded through the bifurcated anterior gonopods (
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<figureCitation box="[1019,1092,1712,1734]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary figs. S4, S5B). Sterna of gonopods with four long, slender, curved setae apically studded with spinules (Supplementary figs. S4B, S5A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1478,1798,1900]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis box="[416,603,1798,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3419299301" box="[626,944,1798,1820]" collectingDateMax="2020-08-04" collectingDateMin="2020-05-27" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="A. J. Mittra & L. P. Masarei" latitude="-32.534973" location="Western Australia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.795204" pageId="2" specimenCode="WAM T147101" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCount box="[626,674,1798,1820]" pageId="2" type="male">Male</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[682,766,1798,1820]" pageId="2">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCode box="[781,936,1798,1820]" pageId="2">WAM T147101</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3419299302" collectingDate="2020-05-27" collectingDateMax="2020-08-04" collectingDateMin="2020-05-27" collectionCode="WAM, T" collectorName="A. J. Mittra & L. P. Masarei" latitude="-32.534973" location="Western Australia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.795204" pageId="2" specimenCode="WAM T147100, 147124, 146684, WAM T147122, T147123" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCount box="[955,1063,1798,1820]" pageId="2" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
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and
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||
<specimenCount box="[1115,1206,1798,1820]" pageId="2" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[1213,1305,1798,1819]" pageId="2">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<specimenCode box="[1320,1475,1798,1819]" pageId="2">WAM T147100</specimenCode>
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, T
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||
<specimenCode box="[430,502,1825,1846]" pageId="2">147124</specimenCode>
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, T
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||
<specimenCode box="[525,598,1824,1846]" pageId="2">146684</specimenCode>
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), and
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||
<specimenCount box="[655,781,1824,1846]" pageId="2" type="juvenile">two juveniles</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<specimenCode box="[793,945,1825,1846]" pageId="2">WAM T147122</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode box="[953,1039,1825,1847]" pageId="2">T147123</specimenCode>
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||
) from
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<collectingRegion box="[1104,1278,1824,1846]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<locationDeviation pageId="2">
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ca.
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||
<quantity box="[1319,1391,1824,1846]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
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WSW of Norseman
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate box="[528,668,1851,1873]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="05.9" value="-32.534973">32° 32′ 05.9" S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[678,843,1851,1873]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="42.74" value="120.795204">120° 47′ 42.74" E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[854,1079,1851,1872]" pageId="2" value="2020-05-27" valueMax="2020-08-04" valueMin="2020-05-27">
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||
<collectingDate box="[854,1079,1851,1872]" pageId="2" value="2020-05-27" valueMax="2020-08-04" valueMin="2020-05-27">27 May–4 August 2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, collected by
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<collectorName box="[1210,1312,1851,1873]" pageId="2">A.J. Mittra</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName box="[1361,1478,1851,1873]" pageId="2">L.P. Masarei</collectorName>
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(Western Australian Museum).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[416,1478,136,238]" pageId="3">
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<emphasis box="[416,512,136,157]" italics="true" pageId="3">Variation.</emphasis>
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Males have fewer segments and legs; specimen
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<collectionCode box="[977,991,136,157]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3">T</collectionCode>
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147101 has 198 segments and 778 legs (Supplementary Fig. S7), and
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<collectionCode box="[587,601,163,184]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3">T</collectionCode>
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147100 has 208 segments and 818 legs (Supplementary Fig. S8). Female specimen
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<collectionCode box="[1394,1408,163,184]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3">T</collectionCode>
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147124 possesses 330 segments and 1,306 legs (
|
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<figureCitation box="[789,861,189,211]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[416,481,848,870]" captionTargetBox="[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetId="figure-452@1.[416,1036,135,817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Te leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia. (A) female with 330 segments and 1,306 legs (paratype specimen, T147124). (B) ventral view of legs (male holotype, T147101). (C) dorsal view of head and ventral view of gonopods (male holotype, T147101). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788792/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
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, Supplementary Fig. S6), and
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<collectionCode box="[1143,1157,189,211]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3">T</collectionCode>
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146684 has 253 segments and 998 legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[416,1478,274,376]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,521,274,295]" italics="true" pageId="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Te genus is named because it is the first true millipede with more than 1000 legs. Te name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[416,513,301,322]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Eumillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,513,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="3">Eumillipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a combination of the Greek
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,848,302,323]" italics="true" pageId="3">eu-</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning ‘true’; Latin
|
||
<emphasis box="[1071,1117,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="3">mille</emphasis>
|
||
, ‘thousand’; and Latin
|
||
<emphasis box="[1342,1371,302,323]" italics="true" pageId="3">pes</emphasis>
|
||
, ‘foot’. It is to be treated as a noun. Te species epithet is derived from the Greek mythological goddess of the underworld, Persephone, who was originally from the surface but was taken to the underworld by Hades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |