288 lines
24 KiB
XML
288 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="517D43685993519B82F9891A801D77E1" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Rivasia Askew & Nieves-Aldrey incertae sedis new placement 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1671601504499" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany & Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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||
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:802C4B39-1937-4EE0-B153-25861437F3DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/517D43685993519B82F9891A801D77E1" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/802C4B39-1937-4EE0-B153-25861437F3DB" authority="Rasplus, Burks & Mitroiu, new subfamily incertae sedis new placement" authorityName="Askew & Nieves-Aldrey incertae sedis new placement" authorityYear="2005" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neapterolelapinae">Neapterolelapinae Rasplus, Burks & Mitroiu, new subfamily incertae sedis new placement</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type genus">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type genus.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" genus="Neapterolelaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neapterolelaps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neapterolelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Girault, 1913.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, with 3 clavomeres (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 73–78" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 73 - 78. 73, 74 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis) 73 mesosoma dorsal view 74 extremity of metasoma, elongated syntergum 75, 76 Micradelus acutus Graham (Micradelinae, incertae sedis) 75 head frontal view 76 head posterior view 77 Neapterolaelaps sp. (Neapterolelapsinae, incertae sedis): antenna 78 Pseudoceraphron albifrons (Boucek) (Neapterolelapsinae, incertae sedis): head posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures73-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781076" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">77</figureCitation>
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). Eyes ventrally divergent. Clypeus with a transverse subapical groove. Labrum exposed, sclerotized, subtriangular with setae. Mandibles with 2 or 3 narrow teeth. Subforaminal bridge with elongate lower tentorial bridge and secondary tentorial pits that extend to the convergent hypostomal carina, with or without a postgenal groove and postgenal lamina (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 73–78" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 73 - 78. 73, 74 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis) 73 mesosoma dorsal view 74 extremity of metasoma, elongated syntergum 75, 76 Micradelus acutus Graham (Micradelinae, incertae sedis) 75 head frontal view 76 head posterior view 77 Neapterolaelaps sp. (Neapterolelapsinae, incertae sedis): antenna 78 Pseudoceraphron albifrons (Boucek) (Neapterolelapsinae, incertae sedis): head posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures73-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781076" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">78</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum without a smooth median longitudinal line or carina. Mesoscutellum without frenum, at least sometimes with a small axillula indicated by an axillular sulcus or carina. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron not extending over anterior margin of metapleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal; metafemur without ventral teeth or expansion. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium; cercal brush present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" genus="Neapterolelaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neapterolelaps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neapterolelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pseudoceraphron" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoceraphron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Pseudoceraphron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dodd form the sister group of
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<taxonomicName family="Lyciscidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Lyciscidae</taxonomicName>
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in next-generation molecular data, although they were previously classified in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Diparidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diparinae">Diparinae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B6" refString="Boucek, Z, 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" author="Desjardins, CA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="B16" refString="Desjardins, CA, 2007. Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 1647: 1 - 88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" title="Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" volume="1647" year="2007">Desjardins 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" author="Desjardins, CA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="454 - 469" refId="B14" refString="Desjardins, CA, Regier, JC, Mitter, C, 2007. Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2): 454 - 469, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" title="Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" volume="45" year="2007">Desjardins et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardins, CA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B15" refString="Desjardins, CA, 2004. Systematics of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), and their position within the broader context of pteromalid phylogeny. PhD Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park, 1-259." title="Systematics of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), and their position within the broader context of pteromalid phylogeny. PhD Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park, 1 - 259." year="2004">Desjardins (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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||
mentioned the name
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Neapterolelapini">Neapterolelapini</taxonomicName>
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in his doctoral dissertation, it was not mentioned in the two resulting publications. Additionally, it was mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="466 - 542" refId="B33" refString="Heraty, JM, Burks, RA, Cruaud, A, Gibson, GA, Liljeblad, J, Munro, JB, Rasplus, J-Y, Delvare, G, Jansta, P, Gumovsky, A, Huber, JT, Woolley, JB, Krogmann, L, Heydon, SL, Polaszek, A, Schmidt, S, Darling, DC, Gates, M, Mottern, J, Murray, E, Dal Molin, A, Triapitsyn, SV, Baur, H, Pinto, JD, Van Noort, S, George, JN, Yoder, MJ, 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466 - 542, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006" volume="29" year="2013">Heraty et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, although it was not diagnosed in that publication and therefore was not described there.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jansta, P" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B37" refString="Jansta, P, 2014. Phylogeny of parasitic wasps of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies. PhD Thesis. Charles University in Prague." title="Phylogeny of parasitic wasps of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies. PhD Thesis. Charles University in Prague." year="2014">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Janšta">Jansta</normalizedToken>
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(2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
also mentioned
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||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Neapterolelapini">Neapterolelapini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a doctoral dissertation, but did not diagnose it. None of these previous usages satisfy article 13.1.1 of the ICZN Code, and therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neapterolelapinae">Neapterolelapinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as new here and it is removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Diparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Diparidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be treated as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Nosodipara" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nosodipara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Nosodipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
is also placed here based on morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Given the characters described here, confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lyciscidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Lyciscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely, which differ in having a longitudinal median pronotal carina. However, a lack of metallic coloration on the mesosoma (but sometimes not of the head) of females makes
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neapterolelapinae">Neapterolelapinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
much more likely to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Diparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Diparidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which contains numerous species that resemble this group.
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Diparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Diparidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in having a conspicuous frenum in most species, although this may be indistinct or absent in highly derived brachypterous species. These must be distinguished using features of the head, such as the hidden labrum, convex clypeal margin, absence of clypeal subapical groove (excepted in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Diparidae" genus="Dipara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Dipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and striation of metacoxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Diparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Diparidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus the exposed labrum, concave clypeal margin, presence of clypeal subapical groove and absence of striation on metacoxa in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neapterolelapinae">Neapterolelapinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neapterolelapinae">Neapterolelapinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not conflict with the findings of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" author="Desjardins, CA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="454 - 469" refId="B14" refString="Desjardins, CA, Regier, JC, Mitter, C, 2007. Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2): 454 - 469, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" title="Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004" volume="45" year="2007">Desjardins et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who also placed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" genus="Neapterolelaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neapterolelaps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neapterolelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of what is now
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lyciscidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Lyciscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in molecular analyses. This placement was discussed as "difficulty in uniting" [
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Diparidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diparinae">Diparinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" author="Desjardins, CA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="B16" refString="Desjardins, CA, 2007. Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 1647: 1 - 88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" title="Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1647.1.1" volume="1647" year="2007">Desjardins (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |