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<document id="4B0C8308C3C5D6E219DC8B4DE065D372" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2020.9.4.448" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13140788" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722406359459" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lee, Won Je" docDate="2020" docId="0D2587DA941E74704953E96515C0F907" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.9.4.448-454.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 9 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cercomonas hiberna Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="451" masterDocId="F11CFFA2941C74734A7AEC75146FFFA2" masterDocTitle="First records of nine free-living heterotrophic flagellates from South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="450" updateTime="1722406792812" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E61AEAFC318D5E114CCD1A3E6440D155">First records of nine free-living heterotrophic flagellates from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6D6785814733A412CDEBAF26A724766">Lee, Won Je</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0317DAE6FBAEECAF8A217CE5AC7DCB6B" type="email">wonje@kyungnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F36FFC6C768509CCE03ACD058EA0A911">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5F8915DDF60566FF10E63FCFEF8B9C53">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0D2587DA941E74704953E96515C0F907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13140796" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D2587DA941E74704953E96515C0F907" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D2587DA941E74704953E96515C0F907" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<subSubSection id="CD966547941E74714953E96511EAFA8A" box="[809,1413,1295,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953E96511EAFA8A" blockId="2.[809,1413,1295,1320]" box="[809,1413,1295,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<heading id="DE7B81A0941E74714953E96511EAFA8A" bold="true" box="[809,1413,1295,1320]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953E96511EAFA8A" bold="true" box="[809,1413,1295,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
4.
<taxonomicName id="428C4D4F941E74714939E96511EAFA8A" authority="Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith, 2009" authorityName="Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2009" box="[835,1413,1295,1320]" class="Phytomastigophora" family="Cercomonadidae" genus="Cercomonas" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Ebriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="hiberna">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714939E9651045FA85" bold="true" box="[835,1066,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Cercomonas hiberna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E11D4B3D941E74714E4AE96511EAFA8A" author="Howe, A. T. &amp; D. Bass &amp; K. Vickerman &amp; E. E. Chao &amp; T. Cavalier-Smith" box="[1072,1413,1296,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" pagination="159 - 189" refId="ref4392" refString="Howe, A. T., D. Bass, K. Vickerman, E. E. Chao and T. Cavalier-Smith. 2009. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and astounding genetic diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., the dom- inant gliding zooflagellates in soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa). Protist 160: 159 - 189." type="journal article" year="2009">Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD966547941E74714939E94517AFFAEA" box="[835,960,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" type="description">
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714939E94517AFFAEA" blockId="2.[835,960,1328,1352]" box="[835,960,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714939E94517AFFAEA" bold="true" box="[835,960,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
(
<figureCitation id="1DB72A49941E74714931E94517D7FAEA" box="[843,952,1328,1352]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-202@3.[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. (a)-(d) Cercomonas hiberna. (a) cell 1 showing contractile vacuole, (b), (c) cell 2 showing general appearance and contractile vac- uole, (d) several cells showing cytoplasmic strand (St) and pseudopodia (arrowheads). (e)-(i) Cercomonas pellucida, showing general ap- pearance, contractile vacuole (CV), cytoplasmic strand and nucleus (N) closely connected to the basal body. (e) cell 1, (f) cell 2, (g) cell 3, (h) cell 4, (i) cell 5 &amp; 6. (j)-(o) Eocercomonas echina, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic strand. (j) cell 1, (k) cell 2, (l), (m) cell 3, (n) cell 4, (o) cell 5. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum. All micrographs are DIC images with the excep- tions of (h), (i) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar in (d)=10 μm for (d), and in (o)=5 μm for other figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 2a -d</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD966547941E74714953E9051104FA6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953E9051104FA6B" blockId="2.[809,1415,1392,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953E9051066FA2A" bold="true" box="[809,1033,1392,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="35E43C91941E74714E68E9041104FA6B" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectorName="Won Je Lee." country="South Korea" county="Bongwha-gun" latitude="37.041668" location="Nakdonggang River" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="129.05112" municipality="Sukpo-myeon" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">
<collectingCountry id="FD9B765C941E74714E68E9041039FA2A" box="[1042,1110,1393,1416]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4748F82E941E74714E19E9041158FA2B" box="[1123,1335,1393,1417]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongbuk" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Gyeongsangbuk-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="6C524E40941E74714F39E90417E7FA0B" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Bongwha-gun</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6557ACB6941E747149EEE9E41045FA0B" box="[916,1066,1425,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Sukpo-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="80536017941E74714E4DE9E41162FA0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D2587DA941E74704953E96515C0F907:80536017941E74714E4DE9E41162FA0B" box="[1079,1293,1425,1449]" country="South Korea" county="Bongwha-gun" latitude="37.041668" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="129.05112" municipality="Sukpo-myeon" name="Nakdonggang River" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">Nakdonggang River</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E0B8500B941E74714F60E9E41751FA6B" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" precision="15" seconds="30" value="37.041668">37°0230″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E0B8500B941E74714932E9C417A0FA6B" box="[840,975,1456,1481]" degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" precision="15" seconds="04" value="129.05112">129°0304″E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="F132100C941E74714998E9C41032FA6B" box="[994,1117,1457,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" value="2015-07-21">
<collectingDate id="E176E9E4941E74714998E9C41032FA6B" box="[994,1117,1457,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" value="2015-07-21">21 Jul 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by
<collectorName id="2879531A941E74714E90E9C71104FA6B" box="[1258,1387,1458,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Won Je Lee.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD966547941E74704953E9A415C0F907" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" type="description">
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953E9A417E2F8EE" blockId="2.[809,1415,1392,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953E9A417DBFA4B" bold="true" box="[809,948,1489,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Description.</emphasis>
Cells are 5.6-10.9 (avg. 8.4) μm and very plastic. The anterior flagellum is 1.8-2.3 times the cell length and sweeps gently. The posterior flagellum is 1.7- 2.2 times the cell length and may attach to the cell body. Lamellar, finger-like and filose cytoplasmic strand is drawn from the posterior end of the cell (
<figureCitation id="1DB72A49941E74714EA2EA061148F929" box="[1240,1319,1651,1675]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-202@3.[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. (a)-(d) Cercomonas hiberna. (a) cell 1 showing contractile vacuole, (b), (c) cell 2 showing general appearance and contractile vac- uole, (d) several cells showing cytoplasmic strand (St) and pseudopodia (arrowheads). (e)-(i) Cercomonas pellucida, showing general ap- pearance, contractile vacuole (CV), cytoplasmic strand and nucleus (N) closely connected to the basal body. (e) cell 1, (f) cell 2, (g) cell 3, (h) cell 4, (i) cell 5 &amp; 6. (j)-(o) Eocercomonas echina, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic strand. (j) cell 1, (k) cell 2, (l), (m) cell 3, (n) cell 4, (o) cell 5. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum. All micrographs are DIC images with the excep- tions of (h), (i) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar in (d)=10 μm for (d), and in (o)=5 μm for other figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). Lamellar and finger-like pseudopodia are all over the cell, but predominantly on the left side of the cell (
<figureCitation id="1DB72A49941E74714E9CEAC6115BF969" box="[1254,1332,1715,1739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-202@3.[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. (a)-(d) Cercomonas hiberna. (a) cell 1 showing contractile vacuole, (b), (c) cell 2 showing general appearance and contractile vac- uole, (d) several cells showing cytoplasmic strand (St) and pseudopodia (arrowheads). (e)-(i) Cercomonas pellucida, showing general ap- pearance, contractile vacuole (CV), cytoplasmic strand and nucleus (N) closely connected to the basal body. (e) cell 1, (f) cell 2, (g) cell 3, (h) cell 4, (i) cell 5 &amp; 6. (j)-(o) Eocercomonas echina, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic strand. (j) cell 1, (k) cell 2, (l), (m) cell 3, (n) cell 4, (o) cell 5. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum. All micrographs are DIC images with the excep- tions of (h), (i) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar in (d)=10 μm for (d), and in (o)=5 μm for other figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
, arrowheads). 1-2 contractile vacuoles are seen; usually on the right side of cell, and the other in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="1DB72A49941E74714F4EEA81172AF88E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-202@3.[174,1444,257,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. (a)-(d) Cercomonas hiberna. (a) cell 1 showing contractile vacuole, (b), (c) cell 2 showing general appearance and contractile vac- uole, (d) several cells showing cytoplasmic strand (St) and pseudopodia (arrowheads). (e)-(i) Cercomonas pellucida, showing general ap- pearance, contractile vacuole (CV), cytoplasmic strand and nucleus (N) closely connected to the basal body. (e) cell 1, (f) cell 2, (g) cell 3, (h) cell 4, (i) cell 5 &amp; 6. (j)-(o) Eocercomonas echina, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic strand. (j) cell 1, (k) cell 2, (l), (m) cell 3, (n) cell 4, (o) cell 5. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum. All micrographs are DIC images with the excep- tions of (h), (i) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar in (d)=10 μm for (d), and in (o)=5 μm for other figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 2a, 2c</figureCitation>
). The cells glide with the flagella in contact with the substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953EB211702F82F" blockId="2.[809,1415,1392,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953EB2110FBF8CF" bold="true" box="[809,1172,1876,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Previously reported cell length.</emphasis>
7-13 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="E11D4B3D941E74714F70EB20170DF82F" author="Bass, D. &amp; A. T. Howe &amp; A. P. Mylnikov &amp; K. Vickerman &amp; E. E. Chao &amp; J. E. Smallbone &amp; J. Snell &amp; Jr. C. Cabral &amp; T. Cavalier-Smith" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" pagination="483 - 521" refId="ref4152" refString="Bass, D., A. T. Howe, A. P. Mylnikov, K. Vickerman, E. E. Chao, J. E. Smallbone, J. Snell, Jr. C. Cabral and T. Cavalier-Smith. 2009. Phylogeny and classification of Cercomonadida (Protozoa, Cercozoa): Cercomonas, Eocercomonas, Paracercomonas, and Cavernomonas gen. nov. Protist 160: 483 - 521." type="journal article" year="2009">
Bass
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714F3DEB201110F8CE" box="[1351,1407,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953EBE010DEF80F" blockId="2.[809,1415,1392,1998]" box="[809,1201,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953EBE017E9F80F" bold="true" box="[809,902,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Habitat.</emphasis>
Freshwater sediments, soils.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853336CC941E74714953EBC3112CF86F" blockId="2.[809,1415,1392,1998]" box="[809,1347,1973,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714953EBC3106FF86F" bold="true" box="[809,1024,1973,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FD9B765C941E74714E7DEBC31042F86F" box="[1031,1069,1974,1997]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">UK</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E11D4B3D941E74714E43EBC01085F86F" author="Bass, D. &amp; A. T. Howe &amp; A. P. Mylnikov &amp; K. Vickerman &amp; E. E. Chao &amp; J. E. Smallbone &amp; J. Snell &amp; Jr. C. Cabral &amp; T. Cavalier-Smith" box="[1081,1258,1973,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" pagination="483 - 521" refId="ref4152" refString="Bass, D., A. T. Howe, A. P. Mylnikov, K. Vickerman, E. E. Chao, J. E. Smallbone, J. Snell, Jr. C. Cabral and T. Cavalier-Smith. 2009. Phylogeny and classification of Cercomonadida (Protozoa, Cercozoa): Cercomonas, Eocercomonas, Paracercomonas, and Cavernomonas gen. nov. Protist 160: 483 - 521." type="journal article" year="2009">
Bass
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941E74714E0BEBC310C9F86F" box="[1137,1190,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="FD9B765C941E74714E86EBC31150F86F" box="[1276,1343,1974,1997]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D1F36644941F74704AD4E91E10A5F9A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13140792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="451" startId="3.[174,207,1387,1409]" targetBox="[174,1444,257,1353]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="853336CC941F74704AD4E91E10A5F9A4" blockId="3.[174,1444,1387,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704AD4E91E1484FA22" bold="true" box="[174,235,1387,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
(a)-(d)
<taxonomicName id="428C4D4F941F74704B4DE91E1598FA22" authorityName="Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2009" box="[311,503,1387,1408]" class="Phytomastigophora" family="Cercomonadidae" genus="Cercomonas" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Ebriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="451" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="hiberna">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704B4DE91E1598FA22" box="[311,503,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Cercomonas hiberna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) cell 1 showing contractile vacuole, (b), (c) cell 2 showing general appearance and contractile vacuole, (d) several cells showing cytoplasmic strand (St) and pseudopodia (arrowheads). (e)-(i)
<taxonomicName id="428C4D4F941F74704E75E9F310B3FA38" box="[1039,1244,1413,1435]" class="Phytomastigophora" family="Cercomonadidae" genus="Cercomonas" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Ebriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="451" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704E75E9F310B3FA38" box="[1039,1244,1413,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Cercomonas pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole (CV), cytoplasmic strand and nucleus (N) closely connected to the basal body. (e) cell 1, (f) cell 2, (g) cell 3, (h) cell 4, (i) cell 5 &amp; 6. (j)-(o)
<taxonomicName id="428C4D4F941F74704BB1E9C916FDFA72" authorityName="Howe &amp; Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2009" box="[459,658,1467,1489]" class="Phytomastigophora" family="Cercomonadidae" genus="Eocercomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Ebriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="451" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="echina">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704BB1E9C916FDFA72" box="[459,658,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Eocercomonas echina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing general appearance, contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic strand. (j) cell 1, (k) cell 2, (l), (m) cell 3, (n) cell 4, (o) cell 5. AF: anterior flagellum, PF: posterior flagellum. All micrographs are DIC images with the excep- tions of (h), (i) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar in (d)
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704882E9851766F9A7" bold="true" box="[760,777,1520,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">=</emphasis>
10 μm for (d), and in (o)
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704990E9851794F9A7" bold="true" box="[1002,1019,1520,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">=</emphasis>
5 μm for other figures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="853336CC941F74704AD4EA391583F927" blockId="3.[174,778,1612,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704AD4EA391540F9C6" bold="true" box="[174,303,1612,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Deposition.</emphasis>
National Institute of Biological Resources,
<collectingCountry id="FD9B765C941F74704AD4EA181481F926" box="[174,238,1645,1668]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Korea</collectingCountry>
(NIBRPR0000109188).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="853336CC941F74704AD4EAF815C0F907" blockId="3.[174,778,1612,1701]" box="[174,431,1677,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">
<emphasis id="B7F8EADE941F74704AD4EAF81548F907" bold="true" box="[174,295,1677,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="451">Identifiers.</emphasis>
Won Je Lee.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>