218 lines
33 KiB
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218 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24962" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="088c8bf5-09d1-4863-b376-7407db93f7a3" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" ID-ZooBank="1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73" ModsDocID="1860-1324-2-147" checkinTime="1573015853547" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2019" docId="EE913F401E59511B8D63A7E9FBA247FA" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(2): 147-177" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" docTitle="Tropopterus duponchelii Solier" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1732747147562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="051F2BCD8E96E09A43DAE4A897D5CCEC">Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67C1F0EEA9CAE37F715C6C37CF437230">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9987681A8B4AA88C6FA83BEF1C6A4046">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9902E360246F3EA45F83BA9AEF255F8B">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="BF1C4E8387A9EEFF0CC178C9ECBBF105">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3921B873F142352C0186A28AF5A594D3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EE913F401E59511B8D63A7E9FBA247FA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE913F401E59511B8D63A7E9FBA247FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE913F401E59511B8D63A7E9FBA247FA" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_tribe="Moriomorphini">
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<subSubSection id="9959F00A9D8643D1059EF89B12AABFB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0837C6A31659CF7F511371A269B2D08C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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6.
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<taxonomicName id="CECCB558A181CADB6FC2552BE34984C4" ID-CoL="59D8B" LSID="EE913F40-1E59-511B-8D63-A7E9FBA247FA" authority="Solier" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus duponchelii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponchelii">Tropopterus duponchelii Solier</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="4D5CCD1FBB6205919D98A0CEDFF30E40" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. montagnei female; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). B. T. giraudyi female; Valdivia Prov., Chaihuin (EMEC). C. T. peckorum male; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D. T. robustus female; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). E. T. canaliculus female; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). F. T. duponchelii male; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354024" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1">Figures 1F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2151E1A81E78E119E813B26BD2F8BDB9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">
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4
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<normalizedToken id="F4CB3620143CE2C8EF9A63CC4DBB22B6" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FD26F993EC6879B4537478FB428422A2" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">6G, I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F88595840B7CA6939F1423916C8ECEF7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">7E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E4A0BAC802818B5ABDFAEEAE9D69B0CE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">8E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="99BFEB80FA2A5CDB9DF137A9315295FB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">9F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A415303D24827A51363158941AF95F43" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of Pharetis thayerae based on results in Liebherr (2020). Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10">10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79990A13F3E3F5BF39294DC50706FE29" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FEEFDF31F805EEFECD4190869FA4AA8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="45ED435F63DD5F923A06070EA25359E5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus duponchelii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponchelii">Tropopterus duponchelii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="B17CC7B0B86B131130AEA90179DFA327" author="Solier, AJJ" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 508" refId="B60" refString="Solier, AJJ, 1849. Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C, Ed.,. . Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile 4: 105 - 508" title="Orden III. Coleopteros." volume="4" volumeTitle="." year="1849">Solier 1849</bibRefCitation>
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: 213;
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<bibRefCitation id="64A50D0744E91F860A994D24EBFCF2B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb02451.x" author="Reed, EC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="48 - 70" refId="B54" refString="Reed, EC, 1874. 7. On the ColeopteraGeodephaga of Chile. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874: 48 - 70" title="7. On the ColeopteraGeodephaga of Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb02451.x" volume="1874" year="1874">Reed 1874</bibRefCitation>
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: 58.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44FD4BF7D7428A58B1897AA056B45086" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="CF7CC330F5B692BBEDC9E34AF363C469" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropidopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidopterus duponcheli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">Tropidopterus duponcheli</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="96D5BDCB1565B285D2106D1033CC61E9" author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B22" refString="Gemminger, M, Harold, B de, 1868. Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" title="Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" year="1868">Gemminger and Harold 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 385 (unjustified emendations).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8151D3F994D8DC5FFD6AC3F25492CED" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="6C0B3425591B87835E3DD3C59603976E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus nitidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">Tropopterus nitidus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="7E81196A13173213D1C70E309C258515" author="Solier, AJJ" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 508" refId="B60" refString="Solier, AJJ, 1849. Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C, Ed.,. . Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile 4: 105 - 508" title="Orden III. Coleopteros." volume="4" volumeTitle="." year="1849">Solier 1849</bibRefCitation>
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: 213 (synonymy
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<bibRefCitation id="FAE7EDCF9B7F5D0E9CD6AEF1BE4FA1DF" author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 124" refId="B13" refString="Chaudoir, M de, 1876. Notes et additions au memoire de M Reed sur les Carabiques du Chile insere dans les Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 19: 105 - 124" title="Notes et additions au memoire de M Reed sur les Carabiques du Chile insere dans les Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London." volume="19" year="1876">Chaudoir 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 124).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E55C30CDA2BA5F67DA1911953C2FB19A" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="927A4D41CA60E23734823701429B5B29" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91FBE622EF8513FBFAA0393486F53D66" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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(
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<emphasis id="9AD85403C79A12087F6E2EB94BFC70ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
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= 5). To distinguish this species from
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<taxonomicName id="9E6A6DDDE8E5D019B0B810AA491906C7" lsidName="T. canaliculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="canaliculus">
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<emphasis id="DA55EA8F0CF4B41544112B02A6DEACD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. canaliculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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see that
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<normalizedToken id="597263221BF326BCEF6194B712A9F25D" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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diagnosis above. From all others, this species can be recognized by the medially, broadly flattened to broadly depressed prosternum, the depression not narrow and deep. The elytra bear a well-developed, dense, transverse-line microsculpture that results in a distinctly iridescent surface, whereas the vertex is covered with a shallow isodiametric mesh transversely stretched in parts, and the pronotum is covered with shallow transverse lines that result in only subtle iridescence. The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.37-1.46, with 20-25 ommatidia crossed by a horizontal diameter of the eye. The pronotal hind angles are obtuse and sharp, with the lateral margins slightly sinuate before the angles, and the pronotal median base and laterobasal depressions are smooth (
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<figureCitation id="B4C164D9B3B5D7EA91D46A61AAC9ADAD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. montagnei female; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). B. T. giraudyi female; Valdivia Prov., Chaihuin (EMEC). C. T. peckorum male; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D. T. robustus female; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). E. T. canaliculus female; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). F. T. duponchelii male; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354024" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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). The elytra are broad basally, with the basal groove well developed and meeting the lateral marginal depression at a distinct, obtuse angle, with a minute tooth projected posterad from that juncture. The mesepisternum is smooth throughout the dorsoventral depression of that sclerite. Standardized body length = 6.7-8.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F22C23AD1AEF42A81A83C1664478516C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Male genitalia (
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<emphasis id="A993C1909F7450C92E2D88A3880145C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
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= 4). Aedeagal median lobe broad dorsoventrally to broadly rounded apex, the apex with broad, blunt mucro on ventrobasal surface (
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<figureCitation id="56938FC9D86017B9C2A4B7DCDF62035E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
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); aedeagal internal sac with stout, serrate ventrobasal spicular sclerite and elongate, moderately sclerotized flagellum. Antecostal apodeme of abdominal IX rounded distally, the juncture of the lateral arms only slightly broader (
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<figureCitation id="ED0FDDBD9951059D740C39EBCBD5D2E0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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). Right paramere of variable length, ranging from short and broadly parallel-sided, to more elongate with an apical attenuated apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CCF1BFBF4D9FDB7E586469C7E994987C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), ventral surface with about 13 setae in apical half, apex with two longer setae, and apicodorsal surface with several very small setae of variable position; left paramere varying in length in concert with right paramere, ranging from short and stout with a very short apical extension, to longer with a narrow, digitiform extension connected to body of paramere by semiflexible membrane, two longer apical setae present plus one to several short subapical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12A6C21037D1708112C738C6AA5527A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Female reproductive tract (
|
||
<emphasis id="5C15C9E91BFD277E11D71029A65FDDA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Bursa copulatrix elongate, broader distally, length nearly 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="40A42209BDDB43FAA7425F696DAE7B89" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth, compressed under microslide cover slip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6F53DBC80A72A9605652D7C378DD1CF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermatheca an ovoid heart-shape; spermathecal gland elongate, fusiform; spermathecal gland duct entering spermathecal duct basad spermathecal reservoir; basal gonocoxite 1 with single apical fringe seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="956CA1E1B842CC735F8FB1924B78C4BE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical gonocoxite 2 falciform, base extended laterally, with two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform seta, and two apical nematiform setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFA5429564A0DFF8BA49EF90EE219A2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type information">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD48B4CA22389D90D41BD26FFC3200DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type information.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DCD9EF37566225C9727D869A27642BA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D256A235687693990337B0BF07CE4F3" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus duponchelii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED20A44D4F8F9FDC8BC3B6F8DEC8E193" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus duponchelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype female (MNHN) hereby designated: S. Iago (handwritten on blue label) // MUSEUM PARIS / CHILI / Cl. Gay 1845 (grey label) // 9 45 (round blue label) // TYPE (red label) // Tropopterus / Duponchelii / Sol. Sn. Iago (handwritten white label) // LECTOTYPE / Tropopterus / duponchelii / Solier / des. Liebherr 2019 (black-margined red label).
|
||
<emphasis id="4F85B5EF5CD927F38E0E25943A20BC19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
lectotype female (MNHN) hereby designated (pinned specimen with mouthparts mounted beneath on point): S. Iago (handwritten on blue label) // MUSEUM PARIS / CHILI / Cl. Gay 1845 (grey label) // 9 45 (round blue label) // TYPE (red label) // Tropopterus / nitidus Sol. / Sn. Iago (handwritten white label) // LECTOTYPE / Tropopterus / nitidus / Solier / des. Liebherr 2019 (black-margined red label). The types would have come into the Chaudoir Collection in 1876 directly from Philibert Germain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3423AA0048A04D4F5B8320C656CDD873" author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="475 - 501" refId="B5" refString="Ball, GE, Erwin, TL, 1982. The Baron Maximilien de Chaudoir: inheritance, associates, travels, work, and legacy. The Coleopterists Bulletin 36: 475 - 501" title="The Baron Maximilien de Chaudoir: inheritance, associates, travels, work, and legacy." volume="36" year="1982">Ball and Erwin 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E978AC08946CD2C53AAE4809F77DF7D5" originalValue="Chaudoir’s">Chaudoir's</normalizedToken>
|
||
interest in mouthpart characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D90EE8D8705B8024579072DBEA41F8BC" author="Basilewsky, P" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="462 - 474" refId="B6" refString="Basilewsky, P, 1982. Baron Maximilien de Chaudoir (1816-1881). The Coleopterists Bulletin 36: 462 - 474" title="Baron Maximilien de Chaudoir (1816 - 1881)." volume="36" year="1982">Basilewsky 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and his synonymization of
|
||
<emphasis id="975AA385EA606D771DF894787D0AC1D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
under
|
||
<emphasis id="680AE603328AFB451C895F5641CF9E78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T duponchelii</emphasis>
|
||
in that year, it seems likely that the mouthpart dissection of the
|
||
<emphasis id="29FFD722C204280F84509C5E5EF6EBEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
lectotype was made by Chaudoir himself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A70EAA61A745F387F4277530B2991AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Date/locality information, all specimens: Chile: Arauco Prov., Caramavida, Nahuelbuta (W),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="39FF119E95EAEAE4894A179C61BBC31F" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="40.99" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.683167">37°40.99'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FDD0DC0FA4FA15C1206EE2DFFBEF8A2C" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="21.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.35">73°21.00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 750 m el., 25-31-xii-1953,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68D15CB5A660D9C2A1F119F162ABC9E0" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||
(MCZ, 2; MNHN, 1); Curanilahue,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AD6E74C7D1D93412052F2F54E0B8E771" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="28.58" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.476334">37°28.58'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E11205C9B1239E7E824409A22379C0C7" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="20.58" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.343">73°20.58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10-xii-1967, Cekalov[ic] (MNHN, 1); San Alfonso, above Caramavida,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="41CBA0A350A09B475B205E4165B77858" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="42.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.7125">37°42.75'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="69D68AC7D2C4C19260C384283BAE4FB0" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="09.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.15">73°09.00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16-17-x-1969, Flint & Barria (NMNH, 1). Santiago Prov., Santiago,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="928FDF4B0C2A4B53A27D551385B1AF97" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="26.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-33.445835">33°26.75'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1D1BA86F3988EAA6DD5A6AEC738F3391" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="40.12" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-70.66866">70°40.12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Solier (lectotypes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21262206758EFB7EBF309C5D1EA92F82" lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="43C326061890F96D6C1D8BC58D91A9AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3BB140092CFE2DD065AAF31C1D81FB2" lsidName="T. nitidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC4F85E7413DE75E8BD0ED7FD55F84D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7DEAFC26C03CD9CC5EFBA2FA269921F" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="26.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-33.445835">33°26.75'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B054A7AD78CB19B1A9C62958A89BBD32" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="40.12" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-70.66866">70°40.12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Solier (MNHN, 1). Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="75FDFDB410684E7CAEA7F5AF6E9EE063" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="36.25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-35.604168">35°36.25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F04C98D4212BAD4FA762AE06E71F34DA" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="04.30" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-71.07166">71°04.30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19-ix-1968, Ramirez (MNHN, 1), 26-i-1969, Valencia (MNHN, 1), 11-x-1971, Valencia (MNHN, 1). No data except
|
||
<normalizedToken id="55F4B4E1F8C4BD6DA0843AB8A21855AF" originalValue="“81”">"81"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chaudoir Colln. (MNHN, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5537A027C9591A714A176548D985408" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A14219EE8D4CAF88CCAAE29658B74E6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8704A17979416FBA33D02C70A9640EAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
This species is distributed from 33°27'
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6BBF647E2AECBACC5A0ED6B0A345483A" originalValue="S–">S-</normalizedToken>
|
||
37°41'S (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13F1F67E7530541AECE639748C9224CD" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
), spanning the Santiagan and Northern Valdivian entomofaunal provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B9A98873A8B7D2D0F02FC0B69684A06" author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="197 - 207" refId="B53" refString="O'Brien, CW, 1971. The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions. Entomological News 82: 197 - 207" title="The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions." volume="82" year="1971">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D33F4140CD1E235E0D57246A66140FA6" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens have been found by sifting litter in Valdivian rainforest with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A7EF34764CFF8B334478FE03E9A90C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E55CD0437991BF575E4D6E40A99EB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, via pyrethrin fogging of old
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D8065F98D93F69FBCF2E60AD96321FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89949EACA27FB8FC1E483ACF2B92B09E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
logs, under logs and rocks, and by beating vegetation. Thus this species is most often encountered in ground-level microhabitats; however, there is evidence that the beetles can climb onto vegetation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E9CB7C0BE9D3986931A14BB85E70709" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus duponchelii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FECD13A2F2F341F2A61BD6AA6B0B9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus duponchelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the leiodid beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A3FE254C55DB0178009BA885802E64B" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anaballetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anaballetus chilensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="46F0737C04EB09D8EDA3ED9D0424A874" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Anaballetus chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both known from Alto de Vilches, Talca Prov., Chile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D509C745324BEF434A8ECF3603350DCE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Newton, AF, Svec, Z, Fikacek, M, 2017. A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 121 - 140" title="A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" volume="57" year="2017">Newton et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |