337 lines
30 KiB
XML
337 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-271" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" ID-ZooBank="229EBA83732F477C9B2212222131274C" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-271" checkinTime="1653650055619" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Koehler, Joern, Crottini, Angelica, Hofreiter, Michael, Hutter, Carl R., du Preez, Louis, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Lois, Raselimanana, Achille P., Rosa, Goncalo M., Scherz, Mark D. & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2022" docId="5C5A88FA93185D2F9D841D1B17EDFDDB" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 271-309" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-05-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830" docTitle="Gephyromantis oelkrugi sp. nov. (lineage C)" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" lastPageNumber="271" masterDocId="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" masterDocTitle="An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis) malagasius based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="309" masterPageNumber="271" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1653650359043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis) malagasius based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0747-0817</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.vences@tu-bs.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koehler, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-3050</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Campus de Vairao, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, 4099 - 002 Porto, Portugal & BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairao, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hofreiter, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut fuer Biochemie und Biologie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>du Preez, Louis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-6053</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development ,, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Preick, Michaela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut fuer Biochemie und Biologie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rancilhac, Lois</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raselimanana, Achille P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar & Association Vahatra, Lot V A 38 LBA Ter Ambohidempona Tsiadana, BP 3972, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Goncalo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-8436</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW 1 4 RY, UK & Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE 3 c), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749 - 016 Lisboa, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-8111</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>271</mods:start>
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<mods:end>309</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-72-271</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">229EBA83732F477C9B2212222131274C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8795A6C9-37D1-439C-A396-0E7FDD8A02CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5A88FA93185D2F9D841D1B17EDFDDB" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8795A6C9-37D1-439C-A396-0E7FDD8A02CF" authority="sp. nov. (lineage C)" authorityName="sp. nov. (lineage C)" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis oelkrugi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oelkrugi">Gephyromantis oelkrugi sp. nov. (lineage C)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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ZSM 314/2010 (FGZC 4220), adult male (call voucher), from Ambodivoangy, near Makira Reserve (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.2899" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.2899">15.2899°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="049.6203" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.6203">049.6203°E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 100 m a.s.l.), Analanjirofo Region, northeastern Madagascar, collected on 31 March 2010 by F. Glaw, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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, P.-S. Gehring, M. Pabijan, and F.M. Ratsoavina.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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ZSM 315/2010 (no field number), adult male, with same collection data as holotype except for being collected on 02 April 2010; ZSM 271/2016 (FGZC 5300), probably an adult female, from Masoala Peninsula, near "Eco-Lodge chez Arol" hotel (ca.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.7122" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.7122">15.7122°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.9640" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.964">49.9640°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 21 m a.s.l.), Analanjirofo Region, northeastern Madagascar, collected on 09 August 2016 by F. Glaw, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prötzel">Proetzel</normalizedToken>
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, J. Forster, K. Glaw, and T. Glaw; MRSN A5475 (no field number), adult female, from an unspecified locality in the Masoala region, date unspecified, collected by J.E. Randrianirina; MRSN A1991 (FN 7905) and MRSN A1992 (FN 7910), adult individuals (unsexed), from Masoala Peninsula near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Andasin’i">Andasin'i</normalizedToken>
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Governera (campsite Ambatoledama ca.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.2833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.2833">15.2833°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="50.0208" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="50.0208">50.0208°E</geoCoordinate>
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), around the border between Analanjirofo and Sava Regions, northeastern Madagascar, collected on 09 December 1998 by F. Andreone and J.E. Randrianirina; MRSN A2844 (RJS 528), adult individual (unsexed), from Masoala Peninsula, near Mahalevona (campsite Amparihy, ca.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4177" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.4177">15.4177°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.9403" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.9403">49.9403°E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 770 m a.s.l.), Analanjirofo Region, northeastern Madagascar, collected on 09 February 2002 by J.E. Randrianirina; UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 4201 and 4244), two adult specimens from the type locality Ambodivoangy collected on 31 March and 2 April 2010 by the same collectors as holotype; UADBA uncatalogued (APR 11885), from Sahabe Antanamahalana (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.5604" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.5604">15.5604°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="050.2818" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="50.2818">050.2818°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 45 m a.s.l.), Masoala National Park, Sava Region, northeastern Madagascar, collected in 2015 by A.P. Raselimanana; UADBA uncatalogued (APR 12006), from Ambohitsitondroina (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.5694" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.5694">15.5694°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="050.0034" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="50.0034">050.0034°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 550 m a.s.l.), Masoala National Park, Analanjirofo Region, northeastern Madagascar, collected in 2015 by A.P. Raselimanana.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">The specific epithet is a patronym for Christopher Roland Oelkrug in recognition of his support for biodiversity research and nature conservation through the BIOPAT initiative.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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A member of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1946" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mantellinae">Mantellinae</taxonomicName>
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based on the presence of intercalary elements between terminal and subterminal phalanges of fingers and toes (verified externally), and on the absence of nuptial pads and presence of femoral glands in males. Assigned to the subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis)" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Laurentomantis">Gephyromantis Laurentomantis</taxonomicName>
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in the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Methuen" authorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the strongly tubercular dorsal skin, absence of foot webbing, completely connected lateral metatarsalia, and molecular phylogenetic relationships. The new species differs from all nominal species of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis)" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Laurentomantis">Gephyromantis Laurentomantis</taxonomicName>
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as follows: From
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. horridus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="horridus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. horridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by smaller body size (male SVL 21.6-21.9 mm vs. 33.5 mm), and absence of a dorsal pattern of two blackish transverse patches (vs. presence); from
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. ranjomavo" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="ranjomavo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. ranjomavo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of light brown to orange-brown color covering limbs dorsally (vs. presence), a slightly smaller body size (male SVL 21.6-21.9 mm vs. 23.5-28.1 mm) and absence of a tibial gland (vs. presence); from
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. striatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. striatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by absence of a vertebral stripe posteriorly on dorsum (vs. presence); from
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as redefined herein) by absence of a distinct bluish gray pattern on a dark venter (vs. presence); from
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. marokoroko" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="marokoroko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. marokoroko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a more coarsely tubercular dorsal skin, presence of red color ventrally on limbs (vs. absence), absence of orange spots and vermiculations on dorsum (vs. presence), and absence of gray to whitish color on vocal sac (vs. presence). Furthermore, differing from all the aforementioned species by the presence of bright red color in the inguinal region and ventrally on limbs and on a small portion of posterior belly in life (vs. absence), and by a substantial genetic divergence (>6% uncorrected pairwise distance in the 16S gene).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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According to the molecular phylogeny,
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. oelkrugi" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="oelkrugi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. oelkrugi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. fiharimpe" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="fiharimpe">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. fiharimpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. matsilo" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="matsilo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. matsilo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described above. It differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. fiharimpe" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="fiharimpe">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. fiharimpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of a tibial gland (vs. presence), a more strongly tubercular dorsal skin, and brighter red ventral color that appears not to extend much on posterior belly (vs. less bright light red color extending onto posterior belly), probably by a faster note repetition rate in advertisement calls (43.5-54.1 vs. 14.9-37.4 notes/second in most recordings; but up to 54.1 in one recording of
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. fiharimpe" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="fiharimpe">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. fiharimpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and an uncorrected 16S genetic distance of 4.3-5.5%. The new species is morphologically most similar to
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. matsilo" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="matsilo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. matsilo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs by a faster note repetition rate (43.5-54.1 vs. 20.8-21.6 notes/second) and a shorter note duration (3-10 ms vs. 13-21 ms) in advertisement calls, and an uncorrected 16S genetic distance of 4.3-5.5%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">For a distinction from the fourth new species described in the following (lineage D), see the diagnosis in the respective species account below.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Adult male in good state of preservation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Preserved holotype specimens of the four new Gephyromantis species in dorsal and ventral view. A, B G. matsilo sp. nov. (lineage A), ZSM 711 / 2009 (ZCMV 7234) from Ambatoroma, Befanjana Forest. C, D G. fiharimpe sp. nov. (lineage B), ZSM 164 / 2016 (FGZC 5181) from Mandraka. E, F G. oelkrugi sp. nov., ZSM 314 / 2010 (FGZC 4220) from Ambodivoangy. G, H G. portonae sp. nov. (lineage D), ZSM 115 / 2021 (ACZCV 0032) from Betampona." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688688" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">18</figureCitation>
|
||
), tongue removed as tissue sample for molecular analysis. SVL 22.0 mm, for other measurements see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of Gephyromantis belonging to the subgenus Gephyromantis Laurentomantis newly examined for this study and identified on the basis of DNA sequence data. See Vences et al. (2002) and Glaw and Vences (2011) for measurements of additional individuals. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. HT, holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9637F48C90A59E74CFCAD26567B92BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" tableUuid="F9637F48C90A59E74CFCAD26567B92BE">1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body slender; head as wide as long, and as wide as body; snout rounded in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, slightly protuberant, much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis rather indistinct but strongly concave; loreal region slightly concave; tympanum distinct, rounded, 50% of eye diameter; no supratympanic fold; tongue removed and thus not available for examination; vomerine teeth absent; choanae rounded; maxillary teeth present. Dermal fold along the posterior part of the lower jaws (the inflatable parts of the vocal sac) not recognizable. Arms slender, subarticular tubercles single; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles moderately expressed, well recognizable; fingers without webbing; relative length of fingers 1 <2 <4 <3, second finger distinctly shorter than fourth finger; finger discs enlarged; nuptial pads absent. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching between eye and nostril when hindlimb is adpressed along body; lateral metatarsalia connected; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, outer metatarsal tubercle small but recognizable; webbing between fingers and toes absent; relative toe length 1 <2 <5 <3 <4. Third toe slightly longer than fifth toe. Toe discs enlarged. Skin on upper surface strongly granular but without distinct ridges; many smaller irregularly distributed tubercles on head, eyes and dorsum. Ventral skin smooth on throat, chest and limbs, slightly granular on posterior belly. Femoral glands well delimited and distinctly recognizable from external view. No tibial glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">After eleven years in preservative, dorsal coloration of head and body uniformly dark brown, with darker crossbands on hind- and forelimbs. Posterodorsal surface of thigh with a large pigmentless patch in its distal part, this area presumably corresponding to reddish color in life. Ventrally, whitish, with some dark spotting along the lower lip, two symmetrical brown patches on chest, and brown pigment on distal part of thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
The coloration in life of several specimens is shown in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Specimens of Gephyromantis oelkrugi sp. nov. (lineage C) from the type locality, Ambodivoangy, in life. A, B, C Adult male (FGZC 4201) in frontal, dorsolateral and ventral view. D, E Adult male holotype (ZSM 314 / 2010, field number FGZC 4220) in dorsolateral and ventral view. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688692" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">22</figureCitation>
|
||
. The examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. oelkrugi" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="oelkrugi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. oelkrugi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the additional specimens photographed are morphologically quite similar to each other. The two measured males agree in body size (SVL 21.6-21.9 mm; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of Gephyromantis belonging to the subgenus Gephyromantis Laurentomantis newly examined for this study and identified on the basis of DNA sequence data. See Vences et al. (2002) and Glaw and Vences (2011) for measurements of additional individuals. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. HT, holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9637F48C90A59E74CFCAD26567B92BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" tableUuid="F9637F48C90A59E74CFCAD26567B92BE">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The only known female is slightly smaller (SVL 21.1 mm) but has no oocytes visible through the belly skin, and we hypothesize it is rather a subadult or young adult. The femoral glands of the males appear to consist of 3-5 granules arranged in a somewhat circular manner around a central depression (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Specimens of Gephyromantis oelkrugi sp. nov. (lineage C) from the type locality, Ambodivoangy, in life. A, B, C Adult male (FGZC 4201) in frontal, dorsolateral and ventral view. D, E Adult male holotype (ZSM 314 / 2010, field number FGZC 4220) in dorsolateral and ventral view. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688692" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">22C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="call">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Call.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
The advertisement call (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of the holotype of Gephyromantis oelkrugi sp. nov. (ZSM 314 / 2010) recorded on 31 March 2010 at Ambodivoangy. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing four notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 2000 - 8000 Hz." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688693" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">23</figureCitation>
|
||
) was recorded on 31 March 2010 at Ambodivoangy (estimated air temperature 25°C) from the holotype (ZSM 314/2010, FGZC 4220). It consists of a series of very short pulsed notes. There is considerable amplidude modulation within each call, with call energy constantly increasing from the beginning of the call reaching the maximum amplitude at about 60% of its duration and from there decreasing towards its end. Within calls, notes are repeated at a high rate and at regular intervals. Numerical parameters of 10 analyzed calls are as follows (range followed by mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation in parentheses): call duration 279-504 ms (350.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
88.4 ms); note duration 3-10 ms (6.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3 ms); number of notes per call 13-25 (16.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.4); note repetition rate within calls 43.5-54.1 notes/second (46.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0 notes/second); pulses per note 1-4 (2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7); dominant frequency 3266-3882 Hz (3539
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
190 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 2100-4500 Hz. Calls were usually emitted isolated at rather irregular intervals, except for one short call series recorded. This series contained 3 calls repeated at a rate of approximately 34 calls/minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688692" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis oelkrugi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oelkrugi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis oelkrugi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(lineage C) from the type locality, Ambodivoangy, in life.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">C</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (FGZC 4201) in frontal, dorsolateral and ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male holotype (ZSM 314/2010, field number FGZC 4220) in dorsolateral and ventral view. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688693" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis oelkrugi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oelkrugi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis oelkrugi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSM 314/2010) recorded on 31 March 2010 at Ambodivoangy. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing four notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 2000-8000 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Based on genetically verified records, the distribution area is restricted to (1) Ambodivoangy close to the Makira Reserve, and the Masoala Peninsula where it has been found at various sites, including (2)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andasin’i">Andasin'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Governera, (3) Andranobe, (4) Ambatoledama, (5) Amparihy, (6) Antanamahalana, (7) Ambohitsitondroina, and (8) near hotel "Eco-Lodge chez Arol". A species apparently restricted to lowland rainforest habitat. The holotype was found calling sitting on a twig of a shrub plant approximately 30 cm above the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |