241 lines
33 KiB
XML
241 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="CE72CC91C73B397A1143B1DB177F7C11" ID-CLB-Dataset="50622" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172917" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f9e6baa-d96b-4592-96e4-7d72f76bff8d" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172917" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459765226775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2006" docId="1E5A87CB0A7E575CFF3792C5F421FD4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01245p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1245" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="E263FFB30A7A575AFE3F9054F023FB15" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698222336424" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="49F0A188754D640866832E6CAD32BE2F">New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF80CD5407A1B528EF227555A1715AF6">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9783DF4CC6D9AF5029AFEC78756C89BD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40320D27269C562BDDB88B3CA8EB3E72">
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<mods:date id="E70A33B3A72F51E23A84C0409674D024">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C13C804DECF1237BB76C740F00EF1B05">1245</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A0D3739C50A01D395964F86B32C606EC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172917</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1E5A87CB0A7E575CFF3792C5F421FD4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674036" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E5A87CB0A7E575CFF3792C5F421FD4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5A87CB0A7E575CFF3792C5F421FD4B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7E575EFF3792C5F149F9DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF3792C5F2E6F9BE" blockId="4.[264,709,657,718]" box="[264,709,657,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="CD0481B10A7E575EFF3792C5F2E6F9BE" bold="true" box="[264,709,657,683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7E575EFF3792C5F2E6F9BE" ID-CoL="56RL8" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[264,709,657,683]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avenusta">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF3792C5F2E6F9BE" bold="true" box="[264,709,657,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF3792C5F1F6F9BE" bold="true" box="[264,469,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thyone avenusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7E575EFFE292C5F2E6F9BE" author="Cherbonnier" box="[477,709,657,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' holothuries des cotes d' Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum national d' Histoire Naturelle, 2 nd series 42, 280 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF3792E0F149F9DB" blockId="4.[264,709,657,718]" box="[264,362,692,718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7E575EFF3792E0F149F9DB" box="[264,362,692,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7E575EFF379350F215F82E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF379350F215F82E" blockId="4.[264,1323,772,827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B6E311F30A7E575EFF379350F215F82E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7E575EFF379350F2E0F80E" ID-CoL="56RL8" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970: 286" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1970" box="[264,707,772,795]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avenusta">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF379350F19FF80E" box="[264,444,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thyone avenusta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A7E575EFFFC9350F2E0F80E" author="Cherbonnier" box="[451,707,772,795]" page="286" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7E575EFFFC9350F2ADF80E" author="Cherbonnier" box="[451,654,772,795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' holothuries des cotes d' Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum national d' Histoire Naturelle, 2 nd series 42, 280 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 286
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig 4 A–M;
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<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A7E575EFD729350F402F80E" author="Thandar" box="[845,1057,772,795]" page="214" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7E575EFD729350F3CFF80E" author="Thandar" box="[845,1004,772,795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25, 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 214
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 5 a–g;
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<treatmentCitation id="175210CC0A7E575EFA9F9350F186F82E" author="Cherbonnier" page="197" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7E575EFA9F9350F152F82E" author="Cherbonnier" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 197
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig 85 A–M.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7E575EFF379338F47AFE2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF379338F11FF890" blockId="4.[264,422,876,942]" box="[264,316,876,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF379338F11FF890" box="[264,316,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7E575EFF379338F11FF890" box="[264,316,876,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF0793C0F185F8BB" blockId="4.[264,422,876,942]" box="[312,422,916,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<collectionCode id="F0E2AE180A7E575EFF0793C0F180F8BB" box="[312,419,916,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNHNP</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF3793B0F1BDF8E8" blockId="4.[264,729,996,1062]" box="[264,414,996,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF3793B0F1BDF8E8" box="[264,414,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7E575EFF3793B0F11CF8E8" box="[264,319,996,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF079458F2FAFF33" blockId="4.[264,729,996,1062]" box="[312,729,1036,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Morrumbene,
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<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7E575EFFE09458F25EFF33" box="[479,637,1036,1062]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="510B9B380A7E575EFCB69458F2F6FF33" box="[649,725,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF379408F24FFF60" blockId="4.[264,620,1116,1182]" box="[264,620,1116,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF379408F24FFF60" box="[264,620,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Previous South African record</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF0794D0F154FF8B" blockId="4.[264,620,1116,1182]" box="[312,375,1156,1182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">None</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF379480F1C5FFF8" blockId="4.[264,1323,1236,1342]" box="[264,486,1236,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF379480F1C5FFF8" box="[264,486,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF0794A8F47AFE2B" blockId="4.[264,1323,1236,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<collectionCode id="F0E2AE180A7E575EFF0794A8F154FE03" box="[312,375,1276,1302]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SAM</collectionCode>
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— A23721, R.V. ‘Meiring Naude’ St. XX 94,
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<geoCoordinate id="F3C7501A0A7E575EFDA194A8F398FE03" box="[926,955,1276,1302]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="92" value="-30.23">30</geoCoordinate>
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13.8’ S,
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<geoCoordinate id="F3C7501A0A7E575EFA0C94A8F49FFE03" box="[1075,1212,1276,1302]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="92" value="30.903334">30 54.2’ E</geoCoordinate>
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, between Green Point and Widdenham, KwaZuluNatal,
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<date id="E24D101D0A7E575EFD0F9570F389FE2B" box="[816,938,1316,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1986-07-08">
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8.vii.
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<quantity id="510B9B380A7E575EFD569570F389FE2B" box="[873,938,1316,1342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9867" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1986.7">1986</quantity>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="80F5FD540A7E575EFD899570F3D8FE2B" box="[950,1019,1316,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">70 m.</specimenCount>
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, 1 spec.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7E575CFF379520F3A3F963" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF379520F1B1FE98" blockId="4.[264,1324,1396,1902]" box="[264,402,1396,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7E575EFF379520F1B1FE98" box="[264,402,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575EFF0795C8F4B3FDDB" blockId="4.[264,1324,1396,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Specimen small, slightly curved with anterior and posterior ends turned upwards; length
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<quantity id="510B9B380A7E575EFF639590F196FECB" box="[348,437,1476,1502]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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, breadth in midbody about 3.5 mm; colour, in alcohol, uniformly white with a slight tinge of yellow at the extreme anterior end. Mouth and anus terminal. Tentacles retracted; anal teeth distinct, flanked by subterminal podia. Dissection revealed 10 whitish tentacles eight elongated but of unequal size, ventral two much reduced. Podia well developed, especially ventrally, where they are arranged mostly in the ambulacra with a few also scattered in the interambulacra; suckers of ventral podia with diameter much larger than that of podia; dorsal podia shorter, scattered. Body wall thin, soft.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7E575FFF079688F529F95B" blockId="4.[264,1324,1396,1902]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Calcareous ring (
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<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7E575EFC359688F252FDE3" box="[522,625,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure
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<date id="E24D101D0A7E575EFC5A9688F252FDE3" box="[613,625,1756,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</date>
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</figureCitation>
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||
I) well developed, extremely long, reaching almost twothirds length of body from anterior end; total length of ring, including introvert, ca. 6.5 mm, tubular, with the radial plates deeply incised, i.e. bifurcating before the posterior border of the interradial plates; both radial and especially interradial plates broken into a mosaic; anterior projections of all plates of more or less equal length, with those of the radials being bifid for the attachment of retractor muscles, posterior processes of radial plates distally curved and fragmented into a single series of segments. Polian vesicle single, elongated. Stone canal single, short, straight and free, terminating in cotyledonous madreporic body (
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<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7F575FFFE291E8F21CFAC3" box="[477,575,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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J). Respiratory trees well branched, both uniting before opening into an elongate cloaca. Gonad immature, in two tufts of unbranched, white tubules. Longitudinal muscles unpaired, retractor muscles well developed, originating from longitudinal muscles in anterior third of body, more anteriorly in the ventral ambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C28C66550A7F575FFF379520F345FEE6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7F575FFF379520F345FEE6" blockId="5.[264,1323,1396,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7F575FFF379520F1ACFE99" bold="true" box="[264,399,1396,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7F575FFFA59520F308FE9E" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[410,811,1396,1419]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avenusta">
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<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7F575FFFA59520F271FE9E" box="[410,594,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thyone avenusta</emphasis>
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Cherbonnier, 1970
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</taxonomicName>
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. SAMA23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7F575CFF079673F3A3F963" blockId="5.[264,1323,1575,1881]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,630]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Spicules of body wall comprise typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7F575FFD229673F350FD55" box="[797,883,1575,1600]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7F575FFD229673F350FD55" box="[797,883,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thyone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7F575FFDEA9673F41AFD54" box="[981,1081,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with small discs (38–48 µm, mean 44 µm) with smooth or slightly spinose margins and perforated by 4–5 (occasionally 6) large holes; spire short (33–43 µm, mean 38 µm), twopillared, terminating in a crown of teeth usually developed as two clusters; spire sometimes reduced to knobs on surface of disc. Podial deposits comprise few tables, numerous rods and an endplate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7F575FFF4396BBF1FDFC1C" box="[380,478,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7F575FFC5296BBF2ECFC1C" box="[621,719,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) usually with an irregular disc (ca. 50 µm long), pierced by more than four holes, and a short, occasionally arched spire provided with tuberosities; rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7F575FFFD4976BF271FC4C" box="[491,594,1855,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C) 62–76 µm (mean 69 µm), slightly curved with smooth margins and perforated by 1–3 holes at each end; endplates of the ventral podia better developed than dorsal (105–129 µm, mean 119 µm cf. 86–91 µm, mean 89 µm), with small holes in the centre, larger ones outside these in a single series, and small ones outside these in one or two concentric series. Tentacles supported by curved, elongated, slender rods (49–110 µm, mean 79 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7C575CFD3791E8F34EFAC3" box="[776,877,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H) with one or more perforations at expanded and/or digitated ends, other smaller rosetteslike rods (35–52 µm, mean 44 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7C575CFF2F9258F157F933" box="[272,372,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F) as well as by rosetteshaped bodies (22–34 µm, mean 28 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7C575CFAA29258F522F933" box="[1181,1281,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G), quite unlike the typical rosettes of the introvert. Introvert spicules developed only as closed rosettes (22–34 µm, mean 29 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A7C575CFCC69208F37AF963" box="[761,857,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[541,1039,646,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[521,1061,634,1376]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thyone avenusta Cherbonnier, 1970. SAMA 23721. A. tables from body wall; B. tables from dorsal podia; C. perforated rods from dorsal podia; D. endplate from dorsal podium; E. rosettes from introvert; F. rosettelike rods from tentacle; G. rosettes from tentacles; H. rods from tentacles; I. calcareous ring; J. madreporite. AH scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7C575CFF3792F8F1DEF873" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF3792F8F1B4F9D0" blockId="6.[264,1130,684,750]" box="[264,407,684,709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7C575CFF3792F8F1B4F9D0" box="[264,407,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF079280F449F9FB" blockId="6.[264,1130,684,750]" box="[312,1130,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7C575CFF079280F1E4F9FB" box="[312,455,724,750]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7C575CFFEC9280F24DF9FB" box="[467,622,724,750]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7C575CFD009280F3FBF9FB" box="[831,984,724,750]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="80F5FD540A7C575CFA189280F449F9FB" box="[1063,1130,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="510B9B380A7C575CFA189280F446F9FB" box="[1063,1125,724,750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF379370F141F828" blockId="6.[264,509,804,870]" box="[264,354,804,829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7C575CFF379370F141F828" box="[264,354,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF079318F1DEF873" blockId="6.[264,509,804,870]" box="[312,509,844,870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mangrove, sand.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A7C575CFF3793C8F421FD4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF3793C8F14DF8A0" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1630]" box="[264,366,924,949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7C575CFF3793C8F14DF8A0" box="[264,366,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A7C575CFF079390F421FD4B" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The specimen at hand corresponds well with the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFABE9390F490F8CB" box="[1153,1203,964,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7C575CFF3793B8F1D8FF13" author="Cherbonnier" box="[264,507,1004,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' holothuries des cotes d' Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum national d' Histoire Naturelle, 2 nd series 42, 280 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1970">Cherbonnier (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, except that the podial deposits comprise, in addition to a few characteristic tables, also large curved rods.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7C575CFD269440F3F1FF3B" author="Thandar" box="[793,978,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25, 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined a single specimen of this species that was part of the typematerial and found body wall tables with up to 16 holes on the discs, no rods in the podia and recorded the presence of anal teeth, reported as absent in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFF9E94D8F1F4FFB3" box="[417,471,1164,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Thandar concluded that these differences were perhaps age variations as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFF0B94E0F145FFDB" box="[308,358,1204,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
measured only
|
||
<quantity id="510B9B380A7C575CFC1D94E0F256FFDB" box="[546,629,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
whereas his specimen was
|
||
<quantity id="510B9B380A7C575CFD8594E0F433FFDB" box="[954,1040,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with spicules restricted to the posterior end. The present specimen is also small (
|
||
<quantity id="510B9B380A7C575CFD929488F421FFE3" box="[941,1026,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and hence its body wall tables are similar to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFCBA9550F299FE0B" box="[645,698,1284,1310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, both in size and the number of holes in the disc. The presence of rods in the podia may be a juvenile feature. A characteristic of this species is the presence of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFC3A9500F260FE7B" box="[517,579,1364,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of spicules in the tentacles (smooth rods, rosettelike rods, and rosettes).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7C575CFF449528F223FE80" box="[379,512,1404,1429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avenusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7C575CFF449528F223FE80" box="[379,512,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. avenusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A7C575CFD369528F4A0FE83" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[777,1155,1404,1430]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A7C575CFD369528F383FE80" box="[777,928,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A7C575CFD989528F4A0FE83" author="Cherbonnier" box="[935,1155,1404,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' holothuries des cotes d' Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum national d' Histoire Naturelle, 2 nd series 42, 280 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of its characteristic fourholed table discs but the latter species has platelike spicules, instead of rosettes, in the introvert and large multilocular rods in the tentacles. The present specimen, the first record of this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7C575CFC8E95A0F36FFD1B" box="[689,844,1524,1550]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, taken at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="510B9B380A7C575CFA0195A0F45EFD1B" box="[1086,1149,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
|
||
, is the deepest yet recorded for the species as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A7C575CFC929648F2FCFD23" box="[685,735,1564,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
came from mangrove off the Mozambican coast while the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A7C575CFF439610F229FD4B" box="[380,522,1604,1630]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
material was taken from the reef at Tuléar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |