592 lines
68 KiB
XML
592 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="776ECBDC82AF599AD0D34FFAB9D45261" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.27" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.27" ID-GBIF-Dataset="331466c9-ec0e-4a17-8a24-1d65a8e2c27c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="160209" ID-ZooBank="B00644D4-CB2F-47E4-AA9C-A5CE2A46BA52" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476214514207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Ohtsuka, Susumu, Soh, Ho Young & Hwang, Ui Wook" docDate="2016" docId="03A77B71A060FFF7FF2FF9F6FEAFFC55" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4174.1.27.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caligus undulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="442" masterDocId="FF9E0309A063FFF2FFB8FF97FFBFFF9D" masterDocTitle="On the occurrence of caligids (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in the marine plankton: a review and checklist" masterLastPageNumber="447" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="440" updateTime="1698389491607" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="66DC4C49E51E725C606E1F9A5AD57ACA">
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<mods:title id="599EAC9F940DDF3850F972F345C6731A">On the occurrence of caligids (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in the marine plankton: a review and checklist</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6057EF81FA10234AD6C170FAACB9DE8">Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D96C3A46AEE40E83BFFEC3F4CC5A6BAB">Suárez-Morales, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="44DDB55DC6DA0A2C2C1AC1865E178814">Ohtsuka, Susumu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C917D0B0192686F5ACB3A847B4E54C2B">Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C846DBD4B9694254FE41DE43D0BCA35">Hwang, Ui Wook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F63707834CADB949878942CC4D637297">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B602D1BAD44EE1A2CE5512A4EF6A97AB">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADE26BF4B52D79F28ED650C1D77DD1B4">4174</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A77B71A060FFF7FF2FF9F6FEAFFC55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A77B71A060FFF7FF2FF9F6FEAFFC55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A77B71A060FFF7FF2FF9F6FEAFFC55" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">
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<subSubSection id="C31499ECA060FFF1FF2FF9F6FD59F9E6" box="[151,742,1633,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A060FFF1FF2FF9F6FD59F9E6" blockId="3.[151,742,1633,1659]" box="[151,742,1633,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">
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<heading id="D0F97D0BA060FFF1FF2FF9F6FD59F9E6" bold="true" box="[151,742,1633,1659]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FF2FF9F6FD59F9E6" bold="true" box="[151,742,1633,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A060FFF1FF2FF9F6FECAF9E6" box="[151,373,1633,1659]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FF2FF9F6FECAF9E6" bold="true" box="[151,373,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: cosmopolitan pelagic caligid
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31499ECA060FFF6FF2FF930FE7EFE81" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A060FFF1FF2FF930FC95F8E8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1703,2017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A060FFF1FF2FF930FEDBF95D" box="[151,356,1703,1728]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FF2FF930FEDBF95D" box="[151,356,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FDD5F930FC87F95D" author="Shen" box="[621,824,1703,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Shen, C. - j. & Li, H. - l. (1959). Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta zoologica sinica, 11, 12 - 20 (In Chinese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen & Li (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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from coastal plankton samples of Qingdao (Tsingtao) Harbour, eastern China. Subsequent pelagic records of this species came from India (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FBDCF95BFB59F978" author="Pillai" box="[1124,1254,1740,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1966) Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indian marine fishes. Journal of the marine biological Association of India, 8, 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai 1966</bibRefCitation>
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), Brazil (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FAE8F95BFF6CF895" author="Montu" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Montu, M. (1982) Alguns copepodos parasitas de peixes do sul do Brasil. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, 25, 329 - 339." type="journal article" year="1982">Montú 1982</bibRefCitation>
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), Japan, Korea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FE2CF967FC96F895" author="Venmathi" box="[404,809,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
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; Venmathi Maran unpubl. data) and Mexico (Suárez- Morales
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FF44F882FE89F8B0" box="[252,310,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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2012a). Generally, caligid females are larger than males, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A060FFF1FBA5F882FB11F8B0" box="[1053,1198,1812,1837]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FBA5F882FB11F8B0" box="[1053,1198,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">C. undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, males have a much larger body size than females; this unusual size sexual dimorphism remained unnoticed until the recent discovery of the species in Korean waters (Moon
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FDE8F8CAFD37F8E8" box="[592,648,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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unpubl. data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A060FFF6FF7FF817FE7EFE81" blockId="3.[151,1436,1703,2017]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">
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The adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A060FFF1FE08F816FDFEF804" box="[432,577,1920,1945]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FE08F816FDFEF804" box="[432,577,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">C. undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A060FFF1FD3FF816FD74F805" box="[647,715,1921,1944]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">Korea</collectingCountry>
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is larger (
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<quantity id="4CF66782A060FFF1FCF8F817FC17F805" box="[832,936,1920,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="4.46">4.46 mm</quantity>
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) (Moon
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FBB5F816FBF8F804" box="[1037,1095,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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unpubl. data) than previously reported specimens (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FE3FF833FDF1F820" author="Shen" box="[391,590,1956,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Shen, C. - j. & Li, H. - l. (1959). Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta zoologica sinica, 11, 12 - 20 (In Chinese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen & Li 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FDE5F833FC51F821" author="Venmathi" box="[605,1006,1956,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A060FFF1FC45F833FAE5F821" author="Venmathi" box="[1021,1370,1956,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Oh, S-Y., Soh, H. Y., Choi H. J. & Myoung, J. - G. (2012 a) Caligus sclerotinosus (Copepoda: Caligidae), a serious pest of cultured red seabream Pagrus major (Sparidae) in Korea. Veterinary Parasitology, 188, 355 - 361. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2012.03.023" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
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Venmathi Maran
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FB70F832FABAF820" box="[1224,1285,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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2012a
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The Korean adult male (
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<quantity id="4CF66782A060FFF1FEC4F85FFE5AF87D" box="[380,485,1992,2017]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="4.61">4.61 mm</quantity>
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) (Moon
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A060FFF1FDF4F85EFD38F87C" box="[588,647,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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unpubl. data) is much larger than specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A060FFF1FB6FF85FFAA5F87C" box="[1239,1306,1992,2017]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="440">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<quantity id="4CF66782A060FFF1FA93F85FFA2BF87D" box="[1323,1428,1992,2016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="3.08">3.08 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF26FF00FEE7FF2D" author="Shen" box="[158,344,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Shen, C. - j. & Li, H. - l. (1959). Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta zoologica sinica, 11, 12 - 20 (In Chinese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen & Li 1959</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FED3FF00FE1AFF2D" box="[363,421,151,176]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<quantity id="4CF66782A067FFF6FE0BFF00FDA5FF2D" box="[435,538,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
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) (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FD88FF00FD0FFF2D" author="Pillai" box="[560,688,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1966) Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indian marine fishes. Journal of the marine biological Association of India, 8, 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai 1966</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FD7BFF0FFCBCFF32" box="[707,771,152,175]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<quantity id="4CF66782A067FFF6FCA9FF00FCC4FF2D" box="[785,891,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FC36FF0FFC6DFF32" box="[910,978,152,175]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Korea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<quantity id="4CF66782A067FFF6FC59FF00FBF7FF2D" box="[993,1096,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="3.52">3.52 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FBE6FF00FF6EFF49" author="Venmathi" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FEB7FF2BFEDBFF48" box="[271,356,188,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
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<collectingRegion id="49CA0485A067FFF6FEB7FF2BFEDBFF48" box="[271,356,188,213]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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(
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<quantity id="4CF66782A067FFF6FECCFF2BFE64FF49" box="[372,475,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="2.82">2.82 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FE4AFF2BFC89FF49" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[498,822,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., Camisotti, H. & Martin, A. (2012 a) A new species of Caligus (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the plankton of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela with a key to species. Zookeys, 201, 59 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 201.3099" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
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Suárez-Morales
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FD14FF2AFD5AFF48" box="[684,741,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
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2012a
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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). Its wide size range (
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<quantity id="4CF66782A067FFF6FB92FF2BFB6CFF49" box="[1066,1235,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.715" metricValueMax="4.61" metricValueMin="2.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="3.715" valueMax="4.61" valueMin="2.82">2.82- 4.61 mm</quantity>
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) might reflect the geographical variability of the species. This peculiar feature of larger males has been reported in ca. 20 caligid species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF4FFE93FE09FE81" author="Ho" box="[247,438,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Ho, J. - s. & Lin, C. - L. (2004 a) Sea Lice of Taiwan (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae). The Sueichan Press, Keelung, 388 pp." type="book" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">Ho & Lin 2004a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31499ECA067FFF6FF7FFEB0FAF6FDFD" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF7FFEB0FAF6FDFD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B66C03AA067FFF6FF7FFEB0FAF6FDFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316540620" country="China, Japan, Philippines" location="East Asian" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taiwan)">
|
|
Until now, all reports of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FE59FEBFFDCEFEDD" box="[481,625,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FE59FEBFFDCEFEDD" box="[481,625,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. undulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were based on specimens collected from plankton samples (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FA9BFEB0FF6CFEF8" author="Shen" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Shen, C. - j. & Li, H. - l. (1959). Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta zoologica sinica, 11, 12 - 20 (In Chinese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen & Li 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF58FEDBFEE0FEF8" author="Pillai" box="[224,351,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1966) Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indian marine fishes. Journal of the marine biological Association of India, 8, 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FED4FEDBFE18FEF8" author="Pillai" box="[364,423,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) The Fauna of India. Copepod Parasites of marine Fishes. Zoological Society of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FE0DFEDBFC83FEF9" author="Venmathi" box="[437,828,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FCF1FEDBFB31FEF9" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[841,1166,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., Camisotti, H. & Martin, A. (2012 a) A new species of Caligus (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the plankton of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela with a key to species. Zookeys, 201, 59 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 201.3099" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Suárez-Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FBBBFEDAFB82FEF8" box="[1027,1085,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FB24FEDBFF61FE15" author="Venmathi" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Oh, S-Y., Soh, H. Y., Choi H. J. & Myoung, J. - G. (2012 a) Caligus sclerotinosus (Copepoda: Caligidae), a serious pest of cultured red seabream Pagrus major (Sparidae) in Korea. Veterinary Parasitology, 188, 355 - 361. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2012.03.023" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FADAFEDAFA23FEF8" box="[1378,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF52FEF8FF46FE15" author="Venmathi" box="[234,249,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Jitchum, P. (2012 b) Occurrence of caligid copepods (Crustacea) in plankton samples collected from Japan and Thailand, with the description of a new species. Species Diversity, 17, 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.087" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C68CFFDCA067FFF6FEB7FEF8FED9FE15" box="[271,358,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,652,675]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,702,931]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of caligid species recorded exclusively from plankton samples." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF719AEFA067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" tableUuid="DF719AEFA067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
), but it has not yet been recorded from a fish host. Since it has been sighted in widely separated geographic areas, it is conceivable that its fish host is highly migratory (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FC5EFE03FB11FE30" author="Ho" box="[998,1198,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Ho, J. - s. & Lin, C. - L. (2004 b) Caligus planktonis Pillai (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on the large scale mullet of Taiwan. Crustaceana, 76, 1201 - 1209. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854003773123438" type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Ho & Lin 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FB05FE03FE87FE4D" author="Venmathi" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The recent finding of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FD84FE2FFD75FE4D" box="[572,714,439,464]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FD84FE2FFD75FE4D" box="[572,714,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. undulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Moon
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FC9CFE2EFCE3FE4D" box="[804,860,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
unpubl. data) is the second record of this species in Korean waters. A detailed parasitological survey of the fish hosts in this country but also in other
|
|
<location id="8ED19CBCA067FFF6FA98FE4AFA23FE68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A77B71A060FFF7FF2FF9F6FEAFFC55:8ED19CBCA067FFF6FA98FE4AFA23FE68" box="[1312,1436,476,501]" country="China, Japan, Philippines" name="East Asian" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" stateProvince="Taiwan)">East Asian</location>
|
|
countries (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FEB6FE68FD8EFD85" box="[270,561,511,536]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">China, Japan, Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49CA0485A067FFF6FD85FE68FD27FD85" box="[573,664,511,536]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
|
|
is required to help understanding the host-parasite dynamics of this widespread caligid. Since
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FE73FDB2FDE0FDA0" box="[459,607,548,573]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FE73FDB2FDE0FDA0" box="[459,607,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. undulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a common zooplankter in coastal waters around the world it could potentially serve as a good model to elucidate the caligid life cycle, even though its host is as yet unknown.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF719AEFA067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E" ID-Table-UUID="DF719AEFA067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E" box="[151,1051,652,675]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF719AEFA067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" targetBox="[159,1425,702,931]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF2FFD1BFBA4FD3E" blockId="4.[151,1051,652,675]" box="[151,1051,652,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF2FFD1BFEB6FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,265,652,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Checklist of caligid species recorded exclusively from plankton samples.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF27FD29FAD1FC3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<table id="F90E38C7A067000DFF27FD29FA2EFC3E" box="[159,1425,702,931]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FD29FA2EFD49" box="[159,1425,702,724]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FD29FD69FD49" box="[159,726,702,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Species</th>
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FD29FCFFFD49" box="[781,832,702,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Sex</th>
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FD29FC5AFD49" box="[893,997,702,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Locality</th>
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFD29FA2EFD49" box="[1062,1425,702,724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">References</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FD7FFA2EFD63" box="[159,1425,744,766]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FD7FFD69FD63" box="[159,726,744,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FD7FFE48FD63" authority="Shen & Li, 1959" authorityName="Shen & Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[159,503,744,766]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aduncus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FD7FFEF6FD63" box="[159,329,744,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Caligus aduncus</emphasis>
|
|
Shen & Li, 1959
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FD7FFCFFFD63" box="[781,832,744,766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FD7FFC5AFD63" box="[893,997,744,766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">China</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFD7FFA2EFD63" box="[1062,1425,744,766]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Shen & Li (1959)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FC86FA2EFCBA" box="[159,1425,785,807]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FC86FD69FCBA" box="[159,726,785,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FC85FE00FCBA" authority="Shen & Li, 1959" authorityName="Shen & Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[159,447,785,807]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FC85FEB0FCBA" box="[159,271,786,807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. costatus</emphasis>
|
|
Shen & Li, 1959
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FC86FCFFFCBA" box="[781,832,785,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FC86FC5AFCBA" box="[893,997,785,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">China</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFC86FA2EFCBA" box="[1062,1425,785,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Shen & Li (1959)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FCADFA2EFCCD" box="[159,1425,826,848]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FCADFD69FCCD" box="[159,726,826,848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FCACFD69FCCD" authority="Suarez-Morales, Camisotti & Martin, 2012" authorityName="Suarez-Morales, Camisotti & Martin" authorityYear="2012" box="[159,726,826,848]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evelynae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FCACFEABFCCD" box="[159,276,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. evelynae</emphasis>
|
|
Suárez-Morales, Camisotti & Martín, 2012
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FCADFCFFFCCD" box="[781,832,826,848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FCADFC5AFCCD" box="[893,997,826,848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Venezuela</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFCADFA2EFCCD" box="[1062,1425,826,848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
Suárez-Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB74FCACFABFFCCD" box="[1228,1280,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012a)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FCF3FA2EFCE7" box="[159,1425,868,890]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FCF3FD69FCE7" box="[159,726,868,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FCF3FE05FCE7" authority="Heegaard, 1966" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1966" box="[159,442,868,890]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FCF3FEACFCE7" box="[159,275,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. hyalinae</emphasis>
|
|
Heegaard, 1966
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FCF3FCFFFCE7" box="[781,832,868,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀, ♂</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FCF3FC5AFCE7" box="[893,997,868,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">USA</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFCF3FA2EFCE7" box="[1062,1425,868,890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Heegaard (1966)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF27FC1AFA2EFC3E" box="[159,1425,909,931]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF27FC1AFD69FC3E" box="[159,726,909,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FC19FDE5FC3E" authority="Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 2016" authorityName="Suarez-Morales & Gasca" authorityYear="2016" box="[159,602,909,931]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilhoikimi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FC19FEA9FC3E" box="[159,278,909,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. ilhoikimi</emphasis>
|
|
Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 2016
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FC1AFCFFFC3E" box="[781,832,909,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀, ♂</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FC1AFC5AFC3E" box="[893,997,909,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Mexico</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFB9EFC1AFA2EFC3E" box="[1062,1425,909,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Suárez-Morales & Gasca (2016)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31499ECA067FFF6FF27FC20FABBF95D" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF27FC20FF6DFBA3" blockId="4.[159,1375,950,1086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FC20FD4FFC51" authority="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum, 2012" authorityName="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum" authorityYear="2012" box="[159,752,950,972]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiramus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FC20FE90FC51" box="[159,303,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. longiramus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FE8EFC21FD4FFC51" author="Venmathi" box="[310,752,950,972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Jitchum, P. (2012 b) Occurrence of caligid copepods (Crustacea) in plankton samples collected from Japan and Thailand, with the description of a new species. Species Diversity, 17, 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.087" type="journal article" year="2012">Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D0801EEA067FFF6FCB5FC20FC9FFC51" box="[781,800,951,972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FCC5FC20FC08FC51" box="[893,951,951,972]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FB9EFC21FAE0FC51" box="[1062,1375,950,973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Jitchum, P. (2012 b) Occurrence of caligid copepods (Crustacea) in plankton samples collected from Japan and Thailand, with the description of a new species. Species Diversity, 17, 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.087" type="journal article">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB6EFC2FFAB6FC51" box="[1238,1289,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FC76FD08FC6B" authority="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012" authorityName="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang" authorityYear="2012" box="[159,695,992,1014]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogawai">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FC76FEB9FC6B" box="[159,262,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. ogawai</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FEB5FC77FD08FC6B" author="Venmathi" box="[269,695,992,1014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Shang, X. (2012 c) Records of adult caligiform copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in marine plankton from East Asia, including descriptions of two new species of Caligus (Caligidae). Species Diversity, 17, 201 - 219. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.2.201" type="journal article" year="2012">Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D0801EEA067FFF6FCB5FC76FC9FFC6B" box="[781,800,993,1014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D0801EEA067FFF6FC95FC76FCFFFC6B" box="[813,832,993,1014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FCC5FC76FC08FC6B" box="[893,951,993,1014]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FB9EFC77FAE2FC6B" box="[1062,1373,992,1014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Shang, X. (2012 c) Records of adult caligiform copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in marine plankton from East Asia, including descriptions of two new species of Caligus (Caligidae). Species Diversity, 17, 201 - 219. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.2.201" type="journal article">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB6EFC76FAB6FC6B" box="[1238,1289,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012c)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FB9DFD75FB82" authority="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang" authorityName="Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang" box="[159,714,1033,1055]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrigenitalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FB9DFEE8FB82" box="[159,343,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. quadrigenitalis</emphasis>
|
|
Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D0801EEA067FFF6FCB5FB9DFC9FFB82" box="[781,800,1034,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A067FFF6FCC5FB9DFC08FB82" box="[893,951,1034,1055]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FB9EFB9EFAE2FB82" box="[1062,1373,1033,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ohtsuka, S. & Shang, X. (2012 c) Records of adult caligiform copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in marine plankton from East Asia, including descriptions of two new species of Caligus (Caligidae). Species Diversity, 17, 201 - 219. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.2.201" type="journal article">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB6EFB9DFAB6FB82" box="[1238,1289,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012c)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
2012
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF27FBC5FE01FA76" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<table id="F90E38C7A067000DFF2FFBC6FA2EFA76" box="[151,1425,1105,1515]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFBC6FA2EFBFA" box="[151,1425,1105,1127]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFBC6FD70FBFA" box="[151,719,1105,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FBC5FE7BFBFA" authority="Heegaard, 1972" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1972" box="[159,452,1105,1127]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripedalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FBC5FEA2FBFA" box="[159,285,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. tripedalis</emphasis>
|
|
Heegaard, 1972
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FBC6FCF3FBFA" box="[781,844,1105,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀, ♂</th>
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FBC6FA2EFBFA" box="[893,1425,1105,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">New Zealand Heegaard (1972)</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFBEDFA2EFB53" box="[151,1425,1146,1230]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFBEDFD70FB53" box="[151,719,1146,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FBECFE70FB0D" authority="Shen & Li, 1959" authorityName="Shen & Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[159,463,1146,1168]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FBECFE9FFB0D" box="[159,288,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">C. undulatus</emphasis>
|
|
Shen & Li, 1959
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FBEDFCF3FB53" box="[781,844,1146,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀, ♂</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FBEDFA2EFB53" box="[893,1425,1146,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
Brazil, China, Shen & Li (1959), Pillai (1985), India, Japan, Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka (2008), Korea, Mexico Suárez-Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB74FB2EFABFFB53" box="[1228,1280,1208,1230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012b)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFB76FA2EFB6A" box="[151,1425,1249,1271]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFB76FD70FB6A" box="[151,719,1249,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FB76FF51FB6A" box="[159,238,1249,1271]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FB76FF51FB6A" box="[159,238,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Caligus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.1
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FB76FCF3FB6A" box="[781,844,1249,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">juv.♀</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FB76FA2EFB6A" box="[893,1425,1249,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
Mexico Suárez-Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB74FB75FABFFB6A" box="[1228,1280,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012b)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFA9DFA2EFABD" box="[151,1425,1290,1312]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFA9DFD70FABD" box="[151,719,1290,1312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FA9DFD70FABD" authority="Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 2012" authorityName="Suarez-Morales & Gasca" authorityYear="2012" box="[159,719,1290,1312]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvaroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FA9DFE34FABD" box="[159,395,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Lepeophtheirus alvaroi</emphasis>
|
|
Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 2012
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FA9DFCF3FABD" box="[781,844,1290,1312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FA9DFA2EFABD" box="[893,1425,1290,1312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Costa Rica Suárez-Morales & Gasca (2012)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFAA3FA2EFAF5" box="[151,1425,1332,1384]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFAA3FD70FAF5" box="[151,719,1332,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FF27FAA3FEF1FAF5" authority="Suarez-Morales, Kim & Escamilla, 2012b" authorityName="Suarez-Morales, Kim & Escamilla" authorityYear="2012" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Metacaligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FF27FAA3FEA3FAD7" box="[159,284,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Metacaligus</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FE9AFAA2FE1AFAD7" box="[290,421,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">yucatanensis</emphasis>
|
|
Suárez-Morales, Kim & Escamilla, 2012b
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCB5FAA3FCF3FAF5" box="[781,844,1332,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">♀, ♂</td>
|
|
<td id="76EFA159A067000DFCC5FAA3FA2EFAF5" box="[893,1425,1332,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
Mexico Suárez-Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB74FAA2FABFFAD7" box="[1228,1280,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012b)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353EC825A067000DFF2FFA46FA2EFA76" box="[151,1425,1489,1515]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
|
<th id="76EFA159A067000DFF2FFA46FD70FA76" box="[151,719,1489,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Alternative mode of life</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF6FF2FF980FABBF95D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1559,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
The family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FE9DF980FE2EF9AD" box="[293,401,1559,1584]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caligidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
currently comprises ca. 450 valid species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FC21F980FBC8F9AD" author="Dojiri" box="[921,1143,1559,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Dojiri, M. & Ho, J. - s. (2013). Systematics of the Caligidae, copepods parasitic on marine fishes. Crustaceana Monograph Series, 18, 448 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004204256 _ 014" type="book" year="2013">Dojiri & Ho 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but information on the complete life cycle is only available for 18 species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FCA4F9ABFCCCF9C8" box="[796,883,1596,1621]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FCA4F9ABFCCCF9C8" box="[796,883,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Caligus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(13 species) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FBF0F9ABFB49F9C8" box="[1096,1270,1596,1621]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FBF0F9ABFB49F9C8" box="[1096,1270,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Lepeophtheirus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(five species) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF26F9C8FED1F9E5" author="Dojiri" box="[158,366,1631,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Dojiri, M. & Ho, J. - s. (2013). Systematics of the Caligidae, copepods parasitic on marine fishes. Crustaceana Monograph Series, 18, 448 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004204256 _ 014" type="book" year="2013">Dojiri & Ho 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FEC3F9C8FD02F9E5" author="Venmathi" box="[379,701,1631,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Moon, S. Y., Ohtsuka, S., Oh, S-Y., Soh, H. Y., Myoung, J. - G., Iglikowska, A. & Boxshall, G. A. (2013) The caligid life cycle: new evidence from Lepeophtheirus elegans reconciles the cycles of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Caligidae). Parasite, 20, 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2013015" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FD87F9F6FDC6F9E5" box="[575,633,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The life cycle comprises eight stages, including two free-living naupliar stages, one infective copepodid followed by either four chalimus stages and the adult (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FB53F913FAFDF900" box="[1259,1346,1668,1693]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FB53F913FAFDF900" box="[1259,1346,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Caligus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) or two chalimus stages, two preadult stages and the adult (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FD4AF930FC1FF95D" box="[754,928,1703,1728]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FD4AF930FC1FF95D" box="[754,928,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">Lepeophtheirus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FC00F930FB46F95D" author="Venmathi" box="[952,1273,1703,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Moon, S. Y., Ohtsuka, S., Oh, S-Y., Soh, H. Y., Myoung, J. - G., Iglikowska, A. & Boxshall, G. A. (2013) The caligid life cycle: new evidence from Lepeophtheirus elegans reconciles the cycles of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Caligidae). Parasite, 20, 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2013015" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FBC4F93EFB0AF95D" box="[1148,1205,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31499ECA067FFF7FF7FF95AFEAFFC55" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A067FFF7FF7FF95AFC21FE4D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1559,2017]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">
|
|
Upon location of a suitable host the infective copepodid attaches itself by means of a frontal filament. This structure is considered an evolutionary novelty exhibited by many siphonostomatoids associated with vertebrate (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FF26F883FE56F8B1" author="Piasecki" box="[158,489,1812,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Piasecki, W. & MacKinnon, B. M. (1993) Changes in structure of the frontal filament in sequential developmental stages of Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 889 - 895. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 116" type="journal article" year="1993">Piasecki & MacKinnon 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and invertebrate hosts (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FCB8F883FC5BF8B1" author="Ohtsuka" box="[768,996,1812,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Ohtsuka, S., Harada, S., Shimomura, M., Boxshall, G. A., Yoshizaki, R., Ueno, D., Nitta, Y., Iwasaki, S., Okawachi, H. & Sakahira, T. (2007) Temporal partitioning: dynamics of alternating occupancy of a host microhabitat by two different crustacean parasites. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 348, 261 - 272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 07096" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Ohtsuka
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A067FFF6FCDEF882FC1FF8B0" box="[870,928,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="441">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Traditionally, it was assumed that the filament remained permanently attached to the host during the chalimus phase. However, we found free-living chalimus stages in plankton samples, especially in areas adjacent to aquaculture facilities, and identified the developmental stages based solely on the morphology of the frontal filament. The number of extension lobes on the frontal filament of caligids are consistent with other features of the chalimus stages and can be used as a character to distinguish between successive stages (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A067FFF6FDC5F85FFCBEF87D" author="Huys" box="[637,769,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" refString="Huys, R. (2014) Copepoda. In: Martin, J. W., Olesen, J. & Hoeg, J. T. (Eds.), Atlas of Crustacean Larvae. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 144 - 164." type="book chapter" year="2014">Huys 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A067FFF6FCDEF85FFC6BF87C" box="[870,980,1992,2017]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caligidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the formation and development of the frontal filament during molting follows two different patterns, the multi-node
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B574C5A066FFF7FC45FF0FFB92FF2D" box="[1021,1069,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
|
|
(found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FB1AFF00FB46FF2D" box="[1186,1273,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FB1AFF00FB46FF2D" box="[1186,1273,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Caligus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) or the singlenode
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B574C5A066FFF7FF6DFF2AFEBAFF48" box="[213,261,189,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
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(in
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FE8DFF2BFE5CFF48" box="[309,483,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FE8DFF2BFE5CFF48" box="[309,483,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Lepeophtheirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FE45FF2BFD5CFF49" author="Ohtsuka" box="[509,739,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Ohtsuka, S., Takami, I., Venmathi Maran, B. A., Ogawa, K., Shimono, T., Fujita, Y., Asakawa, M. & Boxshall, G. A. (2009) Developmental stages and growth of Pseudocaligus fugu Yamaguti, 1936 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) host-specific to Puffer. Journal of natural History, 43, 1779 - 1804. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930902993757" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Ohtsuka
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FDDCFF2AFD22FF48" box="[612,669,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
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|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Several works have reported the presence of developmental stages (chalimi) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FEC9FF48FC84FF65" authority="Kroyer, 1837" authorityName="Kroyer" authorityYear="1837" box="[369,827,223,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmonis">
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|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FEC9FF48FD33FF65" box="[369,652,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Lepeophtheirus salmonis</emphasis>
|
|
(
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FD23FF77FC8CFF65" author="Kroyer" box="[667,819,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Kroyer, H. (1837) Om Snyltekrebsene, isaer med Hensyn til den danske Fauna. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 1 (2), 172 - 208 [1 (3), 252 - 304; 1 (5), 476 - 504; 1 (6), 605 - 628; 2 (1), 8 - 25, 131 - 157]." type="journal article" year="1837">Krøyer, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
in plankton samples adjacent to aquaculture facilities in Europe (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FEAEFE93FE50FE80" author="Copley" box="[278,495,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Copley, L., Tierney, T. D., Kane, F., Naughton, O., Kennedy, S., O'Donhoe, P., Jackson, D. & McGrath, D. (2005) Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus, levels on salmon returning to the west coast of Ireland. Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 87 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315405010878 h" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Copley
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FEC9FE92FE15FE80" box="[369,426,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Costello
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FDD9FE92FD2CFE80" box="[609,659,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1998a, b;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FCADFE92FC4DFE81" author="Penston" box="[789,1010,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Penston, M. J., McKibben, M. A., Hay, D. W. & Gillibrand, P. A. (2004) Observations on open-water densities of sea lice larvae in Loch Shieldaig, Western Scotland. Aquacultural Research, 35, 793 - 805. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2109.2004.01102. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Penston
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FCCDFE92FC18FE80" box="[885,935,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FC47FE93FB84FE81" author="Penston" box="[1023,1083,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Penston, M. J., McBeath, A. J. A. & Millar, C. P. (2011) Densities of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis before and after Atlantic salmon farm relocation. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 1, 225 - 232. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / aei 00022" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
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|
). A study by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FB6DFE93FA23FE81" box="[1237,1436,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Hull, M. Q., Pike, A. W., Mordue, A. J. & Rae, G. H. (1998) Patterns of pair formation and mating in an ectoparasitic caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837): implications for its sensory and mating biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 353, 753 - 764. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1998.0241" type="journal article">
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Hull
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|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FAB7FE92FAF6FE80" box="[1295,1353,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1998)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
revealed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FE88FEBEFE0DFEDD" box="[304,434,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmonis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FE88FEBEFE0DFEDD" box="[304,434,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">L. salmonis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can easily transfer from one host individual to another. Adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FB12FEB0FA23FEDD" box="[1194,1436,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerotinosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FB12FEB0FA23FEDD" box="[1194,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Caligus sclerotinosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were collected in plankton samples off aquaculture facilities in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A066FFF7FC3BFEDAFC7CFEF9" box="[899,963,333,356]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FC6DFEDBFAAEFEF9" author="Venmathi" box="[981,1297,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A066FFF7FAE0FEDAFA23FEF9" box="[1368,1436,333,356]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
(unpubl. data) while copepodids of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FD95FEE6FC87FE15" authority="Gusev, 1951" authorityName="Gusev" authorityYear="1951" box="[557,824,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FD95FEE6FD1DFE15" box="[557,674,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">L. elegans</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FD13FEE7FC87FE15" author="Gusev" box="[683,824,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Gusev, A. V. (1951) Paraziticheskie Copepoda s nekotorykh morskikh ryb. Parazitologicheskij Sbornik, 13, 394 - 463 (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1951">Gusev, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were collected around aquaculture facilities in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3198AF7A066FFF7FAE0FEE7FA23FE1A" box="[1368,1436,368,391]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
(unpubl. data). These data confirm that developmental stages of caligids are frequently found in the plankton but the discovery of adults in the water column is less easily explainable.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A066FFF7FF7FFE4BFD14FC88" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">
|
|
This pattern might also be applicable to the life cycle of some species of the cyclopoid families
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FAA7FE4BFE38FD85" authority="Ohtsuka et al. 2004" authorityName="Ohtsuka et al." authorityYear="2004" class="Maxillopoda" family="Ergasilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
|
Ergasilidae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FF26FE68FEC0FD85" author="Ohtsuka" box="[158,383,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Ohtsuka, S., Ho, J. - s. & Nagasawa, K. (2004) Ergasilid copepods (Poecilostomatoida) in plankton samples from Hokkaido, Japan with reconsideration of the taxonomic status of Limnoncaea Kokubo, 1914. Journal of natural History, 38, 471 - 498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000034778" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Ohtsuka
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FEBDFD96FE81FD85" box="[261,318,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FE07FE68FC89FD85" authority="Piasecki et al. 2004" authorityName="Piasecki et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[447,822,511,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lernaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
|
Lernaeidae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FDF2FE68FC91FD85" author="Piasecki" box="[586,814,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Piasecki, W., Goodwin, A. E., Eiras, J. C. & Nowak, B. F. (2004) Importance of Copepoda in freshwater aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Piasecki
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FD0AFD96FD54FD85" box="[690,747,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, both which utilize freshwater and brackish-water fish hosts. In contrast to caligiforms, the ergasilid life cycle involves six copepodid stages, the final one being the adult. All adult males die after mating in the water column, whereas only postmated adult females remain permanently or temporarily attached to the hosts. This strategy explains the presence of adult females in the plankton. These freeswimming ergasilid females were misidentified as members of the planktonic genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FBDDFD06FA23FD35" authority="Kokubo, 1914" authorityName="Kokubo" authorityYear="1914" box="[1125,1436,655,680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Ergasilidae" genus="Limnoncaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FBDDFD06FB50FD35" box="[1125,1263,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Limnoncaea</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FB41FD18FA23FD35" author="Kokubo" box="[1273,1436,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Kokubo, S. (1914) Emendation of the scope of family Oncaeidae with description of one new genus and three new species. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 16, 533 - 541." type="journal article" year="1914">Kokubo, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
before its rejection as a valid taxon (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FD83FD23FC9FFD51" author="Ohtsuka" box="[571,800,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Ohtsuka, S., Ho, J. - s. & Nagasawa, K. (2004) Ergasilid copepods (Poecilostomatoida) in plankton samples from Hokkaido, Japan with reconsideration of the taxonomic status of Limnoncaea Kokubo, 1914. Journal of natural History, 38, 471 - 498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000034778" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Ohtsuka
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FD1BFD22FD62FD50" box="[675,733,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (similar to the pandarid genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EB1E4A066FFF7FB37FD22FB5AFD51" box="[1167,1253,693,716]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pandaridae" genus="Nogaus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FB37FD22FB5AFD51" box="[1167,1253,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">Nogaus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FB4DFD23FAADFD51" box="[1269,1298,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">cf.</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FAA2FD23FE95FD6D" author="Boxshall" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Boxshall, G. A. & Halsey, S. H. (2004) An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, London, xv + 966 pp." type="book" year="2004">Boxshall & Halsey 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). These temporarily planktonic females tend to carry fewer eggs per egg sac compared to congeners which remain permanently attached to the host.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB1CA67A066FFF7FF7FFC88FEAFFC55" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">
|
|
Modifications of the body and appendages occur in adults of some ergasilids and lernaeids, but not in these presumably planktonic taxa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FE52FCD3FD67FCC1" author="Ohtsuka" box="[490,728,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Ohtsuka, S., Ho, J. - s. & Nagasawa, K. (2004) Ergasilid copepods (Poecilostomatoida) in plankton samples from Hokkaido, Japan with reconsideration of the taxonomic status of Limnoncaea Kokubo, 1914. Journal of natural History, 38, 471 - 498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000034778" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Ohtsuka
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FDECFCD2FD2DFCC0" box="[596,658,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FD51FCD3FC67FCC1" author="Piasecki" box="[745,984,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Piasecki, W., Goodwin, A. E., Eiras, J. C. & Nowak, B. F. (2004) Importance of Copepoda in freshwater aquaculture. Zoological Studies, 43, 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Piasecki
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FCEAFCD2FC2FFCC0" box="[850,912,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Thus, pelagic adults are likely to be common in the life cycle of caligiform copepods but the adaptive benefits of free-living adults detached from their hosts needs to be studied through laboratory experiments (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FC97FC1BFB09FC39" author="Venmathi" box="[815,1206,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. & Ohtsuka, S. (2008) Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle? Plankton Benthos Research, 3, 202 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 3.202" type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran & Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9FB796A066FFF7FB7BFC1BFEBBFC55" author="Venmathi" pageId="5" pageNumber="442" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Oh, S-Y., Soh, H. Y., Choi H. J. & Myoung, J. - G. (2012 a) Caligus sclerotinosus (Copepoda: Caligidae), a serious pest of cultured red seabream Pagrus major (Sparidae) in Korea. Veterinary Parasitology, 188, 355 - 361. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2012.03.023" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Venmathi Maran
|
|
<emphasis id="B97A1675A066FFF7FA30FC1AFF0BFC55" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="442">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |