159 lines
17 KiB
XML
159 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05e9fc25-2559-4e72-ae9c-76c9b6c569ed" ID-PMC="PMC4668888" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-527-57" ID-PubMed="26692788" ID-ZBK="05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-527-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 527" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis" checkinTime="1451243894865" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mustelin, Tomas & Crabo, Lars G." docDate="2015" docId="19D8FADF6EEAA2B82A22E18AD6482E1D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 527: 57-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 527" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575" docTitle="Paraseptis adnixa Grote 1880, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="AA6DFFF1FFC1FFF1FFB9FFD0FFC7B325" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668160851544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Mustelin, Tomas</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Crabo, Lars G.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>527</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>102</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-527-57</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19D8FADF6EEAA2B82A22E18AD6482E1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19D8FADF6EEAA2B82A22E18AD6482E1D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Grote, 1880" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa (Grote, 1880)</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="81">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Figs 53-56, 74, 90
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="82" start="start">Hadena</pageBreakToken>
|
|
adnixa
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Grote, 1880: 243.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena pausis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pausis">Hadena pausis</taxonomicName>
|
|
Smith, 1899: 262, syn. n.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="type material">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Type material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Hadena adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
: holotype male [BMNH, photograph examined]. Type locality: Nevada.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena pausis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pausis">Hadena pausis</taxonomicName>
|
|
: lectotype male designated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="33" pageNumber="90" title="The Noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera)." year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
[USNM, examined]. Type locality: Los Angeles County, California.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
A medium-sized noctuid, wingspan 34.9
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.3 mm (n=25; range 32-37.5 mm), that resembles strongly a narrow-winged
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis binotata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">Aseptis binotata</taxonomicName>
|
|
in color and pattern. It is gray brown, has a full complement of dark lines and spots and a pale postreniform patch, and has a streaky hindwing with dark veins. The basal dash is thicker black than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis binotata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">Aseptis binotata</taxonomicName>
|
|
and extends fully to the antemedial line. Black wedges on the wing distal to the lower cell and in the fold are also more prominent in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In the Pacific Northwest,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is typically patchy brown, often with a reddish tint, with a large pale ochre postreniform patch and contrasting black markings (Fig. 56). In most of California, it tends to be paler and less well marked with a speckled gray-brown or brown-gray forewing, less conspicuous postreniform patch and black marks, and slightly lighter hindwing. This form is even more similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis binotata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">Aseptis binotata</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the same region (Figs 53, 54). In the vicinity of Mono Lake in east-central California,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is powdery pale gray with red-brown basal and postmedial areas, an off-white postreniform patch, and more dark streaks on the distal wing (Fig. 55).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
Differences in genitalia between
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraseptis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aseptis</taxonomicName>
|
|
are described under the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraseptis</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus description.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
can usually be identified without dissection by the combination of notched hindwing, brown forewing with pale postreniform patch, and long basal dash.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
The CO1 barcodes of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraseptis</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on 59 samples from British Columbia to southern California demonstrate six major haplotype clusters separated by at least 0.5% (Fig. 92). Of these, three clusters separated by at least 1.8% (PAD4, PAD5, PAD6) are from California west of the Sierra Nevada divide. The other two are more divergent: two from southwestern British Columbia (PAD1+PAD3) and a single Washington specimen, and the other from near Mono Lake, California (PAD2). The BC/WA cluster differs by at least 2.6% from the Mono cluster and 2.5% from the CA cluster, and the Mono and CA clusters differ by at least 2.8%. Interestingly, the three most divergent clusters (BC/WA, Mono, and CA) correlate with the geographic variation described above. Although the alignment of barcode haplotypes and phenotypes could suggest the presence of more than one species, no consistent male or female genitalia differences were found to suggest the presence of more than a single species, and all male genitalia match those of the lectotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena pausis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pausis">Hadena pausis</taxonomicName>
|
|
at USNM (slide #54). We therefore conclude that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena pausis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pausis">Hadena pausis</taxonomicName>
|
|
Smith is a junior subjective synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Hadena adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
Grote.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
Figure 92. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aseptis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The letter and number code after each species is the haplotype identifier as indicated in Table 1. An illustrative specimen for each species is shown on the right hand side. For
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Xylenina" lsidName="Xylenina binotata" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="binotata">binotata</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Xylenina" lsidName="Xylenina susquesa" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="susquesa">susquesa</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the geographical forms are also shown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="distribution and biology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
This species is widely distributed along the Pacific Coast from northern Mexico to southwestern British Columbia. It is found mostly west of the divides of the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and British Columbia Coast Mountains but there are at least three colonies east of these mountains: Inyo and Mono County, California; Klamath and Lake counties, Oregon; and interior British Columbia near Lillooet.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is common in the Pacific Northwest, where it can be found in a variety of forested habitats. In southern California, it occurs in coastal chaparral and in oak and brush land in the foothills and mountains. The flight period is April to June in California and mid-May to August in the Pacific Northwest. The larva feeds on Indian plum (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Oemleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oemleria cerasiformis" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasiformis">Oemleria cerasiformis</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" lsidName="Xylenina" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, JC" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" title="Macromoths of northwest forests and woodlands. U. S." year="2000">Miller and Hammond 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and might be a specialist on it in parts of its range (including the Pacific Northwest). It has also been reported as feeding on Prunus (
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" lsidName="Xylenina" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), which is the likely foodplant where the moth is found outside of the range of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Oemleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oemleria" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oemleria</taxonomicName>
|
|
, such as in interior British Columbia, south-central Oregon, and far-eastern California..
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
|
|
As described above,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paraseptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraseptis adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Paraseptis adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
has three distinct populations based on superficial appearance and CO1 barcodes. Although there is little evidence to suggest more than a single species, we considered using subspecies to distinguish these forms. The Pacific Northwest populations are continuous to the border with California (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Crabo, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" title="Pacific Northwest Moths" url="http://pnwmoths.biol.wwu.edu" year="2012">Crabo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) suggesting that a cline to the California form may exist in northern California. Until this is refuted it is best to consider these forms the ends of a north-south cline. By contrast, the eastern California populations near the border with Nevada are probably isolated. If distinguishing them with a subspecies epithet is desired the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena adnixa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnixa">Hadena adnixa</taxonomicName>
|
|
Grote should be restricted since the stated type locality, Nevada, could refer to Nevada or an unspecified site in eastern California (Lafontaine JD pers. comm. 2015).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |