450 lines
36 KiB
XML
450 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5277062-3126-470b-8780-f05e487b1c89" ID-PMC="PMC7486311" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-159-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" ID-PubMed="32973390" ModsDocID="1314-2003-159-71" checkinTime="1599298919024" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Valdespino, Ivan A." docDate="2020" docId="E8E143146A9B57439E2059ABF16A71BF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 159: 71-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 159" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330" docTitle="Selaginella rostrata Valdespino 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668140019644" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Valdespino, Ivan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnologia, Universidad de Panama, Apartado Postal 0824 - 00073, Panama & Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Panama</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8289</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iavaldespino@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>159</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:end>113</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-159-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E9DA9186A78F5770980129A17A54A8F2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167514796" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8E143146A9B57439E2059ABF16A71BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8E143146A9B57439E2059ABF16A71BF" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="E8E14314-6A9B-5743-9E20-59ABF16A71BF" authority="Valdespino" authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata" status="sp. nov.">Selaginella rostrata Valdespino</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distribution of Selaginella papillosa *, S. pubimarginata ◊, S. rostrata ■." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449480" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Selaginella rostrata Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem showing median and lateral leaves B median leaf, upper surface C section of lower surface of stem showing lateral and median leaves D lateral leaf, lower surface E megaspore, proximal face F detail of megaspore, proximal face G megaspore, distal face H detail of megaspore, distal face. A-H taken from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449484" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 13</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its broadly ovate to ovate-deltate (vs. ovate to ovate-lanceolate) median leaves that are wider at middle (vs. at base) of the laminae, with cordate to subcordate (vs. oblique) bases, hyaline (vs. greenish to weakly hyaline) inner margins, strongly beveled (vs. plane or weakly beveled) apices in profile that are long-aristate (vs. acute to attenuate), the arista (0.06)0.1-0.2 mm long (vs. apices less than 0.05 mm long), usually tipped by one to three teeth (vs. bluntly tipped or tipped by one teeth).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Venezuela.</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
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: Piar, Ptari-tepui, steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluff, on south-facing part, E of "Cave Rock," 2130 m, 4 Nov 1944,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">J.A. Steyermark 59836</emphasis>
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(holotype: NY!; isotypes: BM-n.v., F!, MO!, US!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Plants</emphasis>
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epipetric or terrestrial, ribbon-like, with leafy liverwort habit.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Stems</emphasis>
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creeping, stramineous, 3-10 cm long, (0.1)0.18-0.34 mm diam., non-articulate, not flagelliform, non-stoloniferous, 1- or 2-branched, the lateral branches resulting from division of the main stem usually becomes arrested.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Rhizophores</emphasis>
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axillary and subdorsal, borne throughout stems, 0.08-0.12 mm diam.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Leaves</emphasis>
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heteromorphic throughout, chartaceous to thin-coriaceous, upper surfaces green or light-brown when old or due to dying process, lower surfaces silvery green or light-brown when old or due to dying process.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Lateral leaves</emphasis>
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distant, ascending to slightly perpendicular to stems, broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, 0.7-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-1.4 mm; bases rounded to round-truncate, glabrous, acroscopic bases overlapping stems, basiscopic bases free from stems; acroscopic margins on upper surfaces greenish or weekly hyaline along proximal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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, otherwise greenish on distal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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, composed of quadrangular to rounded cells, basiscopic margins on upper surfaces greenish, bordered by quadrangular to rounded cells, margins on lower surfaces continuously bordered by a hyaline band comprised of idioblasts, the band 3-15 cells wide, the idioblasts elongate, straight-walled, and papillate, the papillae in a single row over each cell lumen, acroscopic margins dentate to denticulate throughout or denticulate along proximal ⅓-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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and entire distally, basiscopic margins sparsely denticulate or entire throughout; apices obtuse to rounded, occasionally tipped by a caducous short or tooth-like hair; upper surfaces glabrous, comprising rounded to irregularly, sinuate-walled, laevigate cells, without idioblasts or stomata; lower surfaces comprising elongate, slightly sinuate-walled cells, without idioblasts, with stomata in 1-3 rows along midribs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Median leaves</emphasis>
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slightly imbricate to distant, ascending, ovate to ovate-deltate with the inner halves of the leaf lamina ⅛-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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wider than the outer halves, 0.6-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-1.0 mm; bases glabrous, cordate to subcordate, without auricles; margins bordered continuously by a hyaline band comprised of idioblasts, the band 2-5 cells wide, the idioblasts, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate, the papillae on one row on each cell lumen, denticulate throughout or entire along proximal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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and denticulate along distal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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; apices keeled, long-acuminate to long-aristate, the acumen or arista denticulate, ⅓-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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the length of the laminae, each (0.06-)0.1-0.2 mm long, usually tipped by one to three teeth; upper surfaces similar to lateral leaves upper surfaces, without idioblasts, with stomata in 1 or 2 rows restricted to distal ⅓ along the keel; lower surfaces similar to lower surfaces of lateral leaves, without idioblasts or stomata.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Axillary leaves</emphasis>
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shape (except, occasionally oblong), size, bases, margins, apices and leaf surfaces similar to lateral leaves.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Strobili</emphasis>
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terminal, single or dichotomous at branch tips, loosely quadrangular to slightly dorsiventral flattened, 2-12 mm long.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sporophylls</emphasis>
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slightly heteromorphic, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate (ventral sporophylls more broadly ovate and slightly shorter, dorsal sporophylls usually ovate-lanceolate and slightly larger), with a strongly developed keel along midrib, the keel glabrous, 1.0-1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.9 mm; bases rounded; margins bordered by a hyaline band similar to that of the median leaves, dentate;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">dorsal sporophylls</emphasis>
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spreading, strongly keeled along midribs and especially near apices, the keel glabrous; apices acute to short-acuminate and beveled in profile and abruptly ending in a short, tooth-like cilia, the cilia often caducous; upper surfaces green and cells as in median leaves, except for the half that overlaps the ventral sporophylls where the surfaces are hyaline composed of idioblasts similar to those of the median leaves margins, lower surfaces hyaline and comprising elongate, sinuate-walled cells;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">ventral sporophylls</emphasis>
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ascending, slightly keeled along midribs, the keel glabrous; apices acute to short-acuminate, not beveled in profile and usually ending in a short cusp; upper and lower surfaces hyaline, comprised of idioblasts similar to those of the median leaves margins.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Megasporangia</emphasis>
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along two ventral rows;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">megaspores</emphasis>
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lemon yellow, 200-220
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diam., proximal faces rugulate-reticulate with a well-developed equatorial flange, the microstructure echinate and perforate, distal faces reticulate, the reticulae open (incomplete) to closed, the microstructure granulose and perforate;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">microsporangia</emphasis>
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on two dorsal rows;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">micropores</emphasis>
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light-orange, 30-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diam., proximal and distal faces gemmate, the microstructure granulose.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.55330.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449484" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Valdespino.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
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Section of upper surface of stem showing median and lateral leaves
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
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median leaf, upper surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
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section of lower surface of stem showing lateral and median leaves
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
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lateral leaf, lower surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
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megaspore, proximal face
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
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detail of megaspore, proximal face
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
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megaspore, distal face
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
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detail of megaspore, distal face.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-H</emphasis>
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taken from the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grow on wet and mossy sandstone bluffs, near damp stream banks, and at the base of waterfalls in mountainous tropical rainforests at 1000-2130 m. It has been found on several tepuis of the Guiana Highland in the state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
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, Venezuela.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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The specific epithet derives from the Latin "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">rostratum</emphasis>
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," meaning beaked, and refers to the keeled/beaked median leaf and dorsal sporophyll apices.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from several collections made over a time span of more than fifty years from mid-to-late twentieth century at different localities in the Guiana Highland region of Venezuela, some of which are adjacent to the neighboring country of Guyana. This suggests an overall wide distribution. Unfortunately, the paucity of more recent collections due, in part, to a decline in botanical exploration in the aforementioned areas, does not allow for an accurate conservation assessment. Consequently, this new species is considered Data Deficient (DD) based on
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="W. Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Additional specimens examined (paratypes).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Venezuela.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
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: Altiplanicie of Auyan-tepui, SW sector,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="48.02" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="5.8003335">05°48.02'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="33.82" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-62.563667">62°33.82'W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 1850 m, 23-25 Apr 1996,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Anderson 13880</emphasis>
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(MO, NY), Auyan-tepui, 1660 m, 12 May 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 93788</emphasis>
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(US), 1820 m, 13 May 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 93871</emphasis>
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(GH, K, NY, US), 2100 m, 17 May 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 94074</emphasis>
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(NY, US), 1850 m, Dec 1937-Jan 1938,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Tate 1271</emphasis>
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(NY); Cerro Venamo, 1100 m, 21 Apr 1960,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermak & Nilsson 439</emphasis>
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(NY, US-2 sheets), 1400-1450 m, 1 Jan 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92528</emphasis>
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(GH, U, US), 1500 m, 2 Jan 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92588</emphasis>
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(GH, U p.p., US, VEN),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92588-A</emphasis>
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(U p.p.), 1400-1500 m, 3 Jan 1964,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92626</emphasis>
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(US); Heres, Cerro Marutani,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.8333333">03°50'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-62.25">62°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1200 m, 11-14 Jan 1981,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyetmark et al. 123925</emphasis>
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(GH, MO, NY), 1000-1050 m, 11-14 Jan 1981,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 124067</emphasis>
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(GH, MO, NY); Meseta de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jáua">Jaua</normalizedToken>
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, Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jáua">Jaua</normalizedToken>
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, 60 km NE Sanidad del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Kanarakuni Camp,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.75">04°45'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.433334">64°26'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1922-2100 m, 22-27 Mar 1967,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 98018</emphasis>
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(US),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 98116</emphasis>
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||
(US),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 98120</emphasis>
|
||
(US); Piar, Amaruay-tepui,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.9">05°54'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-62.25">62°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 700-810 m, 27 Apr 1986,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Liesner & Holst 20424 p.p.</emphasis>
|
||
[mixed coll.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">20424a</emphasis>
|
||
] (MO, UC), Ptari-tepui, 2130 m, 4 Nov 1944,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark 59836</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO, NY, US); Torono-tepui,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chimantá">Chimanta</normalizedToken>
|
||
Massif, 1880-1970 m, 27 Feb 1955,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark & Wurdack 1181</emphasis>
|
||
(F, NY, UC, US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by its creeping, ribbon-like, leafy liverwort habit, median leaf ovate to ovate-deltate, with inner halves of leaf laminae ⅛-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than outer halves, margins continuously bordered by a hyaline band of idioblasts, each band 2-5 cells wide, the idioblasts elongate, straight-walled, and papillate, and dentate to denticulate, and apices strongly keeled, long-acuminate to long-aristate, the acumen or arista denticulate,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
-⅓ the length of the laminae, each (0.06)0.1-0.2 mm long, each usually tipped by one to three teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
its further defined by lateral leaf broadly elliptic to broadly ovate with obtuse to rounded apices, which occasionally are tipped by a caducous short or tooth-like hair, and sporophylls (especially dorsal sporophylls) conspicuously keeled (i.e., carinate) along midribs, and with apices acute with those of dorsal sporophylls apiculate ending on a single tooth-like, short hair, and stomata along midribs and keeled apices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically close to a species group that I informally call the "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group," and in particular to the latter species and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. neblinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="neblinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. neblinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may still need to be further circumscribed, by the characters listed in the diagnosis and its median leaf with inner halves of leaf laminae ⅛-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than outer haves (vs. inner and outer halves of leaf laminae about the same width or inner halves ⅛ narrower than outer halves).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valdespino" authorityYear="2020" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella rostrata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its acroscopic lateral leaf margins dentate to denticulate throughout or denticulate along the proximal ⅓-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and entire distally, and basiscopic margins sparsely denticulate or entire (vs. acroscopic and basiscopic margins serrate). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also set aside from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. neblinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="neblinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. neblinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its broadly elliptic to broadly ovate (vs. ovate-lanceolate) lateral leaves, with obtuse to rounded (vs. long attenuate to acuminate) apices, each occasionally tipped by a caducous short or tooth-like hair (vs. hair or teeth absent), and median leaf apices acuminate to long-aristate, each acumen or aristae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
-⅓ (vs.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
) the length of the laminae, and margins conspicuously hyaline (vs. greenish).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella microdonta" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. neblinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="neblinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. neblinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. breweriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="breweriana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. breweriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cardiophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cardiophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cardiophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hemicardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hemicardia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hemicardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. valdepilosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="valdepilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. valdepilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The relationship of the "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. valdepilosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="valdepilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. valdepilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group" still needs to be ascertained by phylogenetic methods but an initial hypothesis would suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. breweriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="breweriana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. breweriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. neblinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="neblinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. neblinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to be sister species, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cardiophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cardiophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cardiophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form another putative sister alliance that in turn is sister to a
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hemicardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hemicardia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hemicardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alliance, to which probably
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. valdepilosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="valdepilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. valdepilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also belongs to as an offshoot that is most distinct by its leaves and sporophylls densely, long-ciliate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Interestingly and as part of this study, it was observed that branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can become arrested at branch forks giving the species a ribbon-like, leafy liverwort resemblance.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806833" author="Valdespino, IA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="199 - 207" refId="B10" refString="Valdespino, IA, 1992. New species of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from the Guayana Highland of Venezuela. Brittonia 44 (2): 199 - 207, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806833" title="New species of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from the Guayana Highland of Venezuela." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806833" volume="44" year="1992">Valdespino (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
previously reported this condition as resting branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hemicardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="hemicardia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. hemicardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, as a result of the undeveloped branches, rhizophores in both species are seemingly subdorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Additionally, one paratype collection here cited (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Lierner & Holsts 20424</emphasis>
|
||
p.p. at MO and UC) represents mixed gatherings, which I identified as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">a</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">b</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while two other collections (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92588</emphasis>
|
||
p.p. at U, and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Steyermark et al. 92588-A</emphasis>
|
||
p.p at U) are also mixed gatherings, which I identified as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">a</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">b</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cardiophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cardiophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. cardiophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Bak" authorityYear="1883" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella tuberculata" order="Selaginellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Selaginella tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a leafy, liverwort habit and creeping stems and might eventually prove to be part of the "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group," but it is distinct from the rest of species here included in that alliance by its acroscopic lateral leaves margins long-ciliate along the proximal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
-⅓ with upper surfaces puberulent along the basiscopic halves and towards the apices as well as occasionally also distally along the acroscopic halves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Finally, to help identify species in the "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. microdonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="microdonta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">S. microdonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group" a key is provided below, which summarizes distinguishing characters among taxa in this alliance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |