127 lines
15 KiB
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127 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6251888" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d401c47-40e3-4c17-b4bf-f770d520ccf8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6251888" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:023AD67B-6EAB-48BD-99BF-4AAC22E931B4" checkinTime="1473796701928" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dikow, Torsten" docDate="2007" docId="05716121FF90B31AFD6DFD96FB91FD0A" docLanguage="en" docName="dikow_2007_markup.pdf.imf" docOrigin="African Entomology 15 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Lasiocnemus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="F9481959FF92B319FFC4FF96FFD9FF86" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Lasiocnemus (Loew, 1851) (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1645664633877" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Lasiocnemus (Loew, 1851) (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dikow, Torsten</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.4001/1021-3589-15.1.57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">8d401c47-40e3-4c17-b4bf-f770d520ccf8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269800</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:023AD67B-6EAB-48BD-99BF-4AAC22E931B4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6251888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6251888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05716121FF90B31AFD6DFD96FB91FD0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05716121FF90B31AFD6DFD96FB91FD0A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[681,1202,512,741]" box="[681,786,512,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[681,1202,512,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName box="[700,823,543,565]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Lasiocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[700,823,543,565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Lasiocnemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other genera of
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<taxonomicName box="[714,873,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptogastrinae">Leptogastrinae</taxonomicName>
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by the swollen metathoracic tibiae, closed cell cu
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<emphasis box="[891,909,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">p,</emphasis>
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vein R2+3 angled anteriorly distally, at least two long ventrally-angled setae on ventral surface of metathoracic tibiae, generally brown-and-white coloured wings, and a distribution restricted to the Afrotropical Region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[681,1202,776,1797]" box="[681,828,776,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Redescription</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[681,1202,776,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis box="[700,757,807,829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Head.</emphasis>
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Face pruinose, facial swelling indistinct with only the lower facial margin slightly protruding; mystax consisting of 4–15 macrosetae generally arranged in a single row on lower facial margin; occiput pruinose and covered with erect setae. Antennae, scape short, with setae ventrally; pedicel longer than scape, with setae dorsally and ventrally; postpedicel cylindrical, longer than scape and pedicel combined; stylus with two elements (narrow, cylindrical, long proximal segment and apical ‘seta-like’ sensory element), apical ‘seta-like’ sensory element hyaline or brown; stylus and postpedicel about equal length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[681,1202,776,1797]" lastBlockId="3.[129,650,278,1796]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis box="[700,775,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Pronotum and postpronotum entirely pruinose; prosternum fused laterally to proepisternum; scutum either entirely covered with pruinosity or predominantly apruinose (pruinosity restricted to anterior, lateral and posterior margins), short or long setae scattered on surface. Macrosetae, one notopleural seta, one supraalar seta, and sometimes one postalar seta; posterior scutum with erect setae; scutellum with long discal scutellar and scutellar setae; katatergite with long erect setae; episterna and epimera covered with dense pruinosity, anepisternum and anepimeron different colour to katepisternum and katepimeron, long more or less erect setae on anepisternum, katepisternum, and katepimeron; postmetacoxal area sclerotized with suture medially. Legs, generally dark brown to black; coxa pruinose; prothoracic and mesothoracic femora with erect setae dorsally and anteriorly, metathoracic femora with erect setae on all surfaces, metathoracic femora expanded, clubbed; tibiae generally coloured evenly and with erect setae, sometimes with dorsal pale yellow stripe and short setae only; mesothoracic tibiae with three long setae on posteroventral surface distally, metathoracic tibiae generally with erect setae on all surfaces sometimes only proximally, expanded and broadest medially, metathoracic tibiae with at least two long ventrad-angled setae on ventral surface; first tarsomere about same length as second and third combined, tarsomeres with stout black setae ventrally except for fourth and fifth; claw black, long, pointed; empodium from about half length of claw to nearly length of a claw. Wings (
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<figureCitation box="[210,316,659,681]" captionStart="Figs 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[129,173,1225,1245]" captionTargetBox="[129,1201,269,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[129,1202,269,1199]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 11 – 16. Wings of species of Lasiocnemus. 11, La. fascipennis; 12, La. griseicinctipes; 13, La. hermanni; 14, La. hyalipennis; 15, La. londti; 16, La. lugens. Scale bars = 4.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figs 11–16</figureCitation>
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), length = 4.5–15.0 mm; microtrichia generally on anterior and posterior margin and distally, entirely hyaline or opaque with pattern of brown and white-coloured spots/stripes, veins brown; pterostigma distinct brown; cell cu
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<emphasis box="[637,649,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
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closed and stalked, all other marginal cells open, cell d terminating in M2 and M3 with M1 situated proximally at about half length of cell d, R2+3 distally angled anteriorly; haltere light brown to brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[129,650,278,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[148,245,953,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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T entirely brown and grey pruinose, T
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<quantity box="[145,185,982,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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proximal half with erect setae laterally, remaining T with short setae; S pruinose and setose, S2 pruinose or apruinose in proximal half.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[129,650,278,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Male terminalia (
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<figureCitation box="[351,460,1070,1092]" captionStart-0="Figs 5 – 7" captionStart-1="Figs 8 – 10" captionStartId-0="5.[129,173,1078,1098]" captionStartId-1="6.[129,173,1049,1069]" captionTargetBox-0="[139,1192,265,1056]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1171,265,1027]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[139,1193,265,1057]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[160,1171,265,1028]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Figs 5 – 7. Male terminalia of Lasiocnemus londti. 5, Lateral view; 6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 8 – 10. Male terminalia and aedeagus of Lasiocnemus lugens. 8, Terminalia lateral view; 9, aedeagus dorsal view; 10, aedeagus lateral. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3227237/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3227239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figs 5–10</figureCitation>
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): surstylus with rounded distal tip, ventral lobe well-developed, surstylus setose; hypandrium triangular-shaped (ventral view), lateral margin expanded to form protruding carinae distally; gonocoxite fused to hypandrium with visible suture, gonocoxite fused to proximal epandrium, gonostyli and lateral processes of gonostyli of equal size, situated distally on gonocoxite.
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<emphasis box="[391,492,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
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Only seen in dorsal view as a block between the aedeagal apodeme and dorsal aedeagal sheath; dorsal aedeagal sheath comprising single pointed tube; ventral aedeagal sheath plate-like, triangular; lateral apodeme cylindrical; aedeagal apodeme rounded, varying diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[129,650,278,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Female terminalia (
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<figureCitation box="[364,480,1510,1532]" captionStart="Figs 17 – 22" captionStartId="8.[129,173,1372,1392]" captionTargetBox="[129,1201,273,1342]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1202,273,1342]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17 – 22. Female spermathecae of species of Lasiocnemus in lateral view. 17, La. fascipennis; 18, La. griseicinctipes; 19, La. hermanni; 20, La. hyalipennis; 21, La. londti; 22, La. lugens. Note: second lateral spermathecal duct and reservoir, in lateral view situated ventral to median reservoir, omitted. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269804/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figs 17–22</figureCitation>
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): unspecialized ovipositor; S8 invaginated medio-distally with short macrosetae; furca (S9) U-shaped, sclerotized throughout; bursa copulatrix cylindrical, expanded and angled 180° medially; three spermathecae present with median spermatheca larger than lateral ones, spermathecal ducts tubular with a distinct smoothly angled banana-shaped part medially; spermathecal reservoirs sac-shaped, longer than wide, broadest proximally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[681,1203,278,652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[700,827,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName box="[937,1060,278,300]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Lasiocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[937,1060,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Lasiocnemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are restricted to the Afrotropical Region ranging from the
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<collectingCountry name="Ivory Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Ivory
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<collectingRegion box="[681,740,337,358]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Coast</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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in the northwest to
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<collectingCountry box="[956,1040,337,359]" name="Somalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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in the east and
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<collectingCountry box="[681,811,366,388]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<collectingRegion box="[681,744,366,388]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">South</collectingRegion>
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Africa
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</collectingCountry>
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in the south. Every species except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Lasiocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">La. hyalipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in at least one biodiversity hotspot (
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<figureCitation box="[773,877,425,447]" captionStart-0="Fig. 23" captionStart-1="Fig. 24" captionStartId-0="9.[129,165,1049,1069]" captionStartId-1="10.[129,163,1049,1069]" captionTargetBox-0="[148,1183,265,1027]" captionTargetBox-1="[149,1182,265,1027]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[148,1183,265,1028]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[149,1182,265,1028]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Fig. 23. Map of sub-Saharan Africa with biodiversity hotspots, shaded in grey, showing distribution of Lasiocnemus griseicinctipes (■), La. hermanni (▲), La. lugens (●) and La. obscuripennis (★). Type localities with open symbols." captionText-1="Fig. 24. Map of sub-Saharan Africa with biodiversity hotspots, shaded in grey, showing distribution of Lasiocnemus fascipennis (●), La. hyalipennis (■), La. londti (▲), and the unidentified female specimen deposited in the SAMC (★). Type localities with open symbols." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/269805/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/269806/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figs 23–24</figureCitation>
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; Myers
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<emphasis box="[957,1002,425,447]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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2000, Conservation International 2005), but none are endemic to any particular hotspot (see
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<typeStatus box="[926,978,484,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
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locality, distribution, and Biodiversity hotspot under each species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[681,1203,278,652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[700,896,542,564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Etymology. Lasios</emphasis>
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(Greek) = hairy, woolly; cnemo- (derived from Greek
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<emphasis box="[999,1060,571,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">kneme</emphasis>
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) = leg, shin. Refers to the setose metathoracic tibiae that represent an autapomorphy for
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<emphasis box="[965,1096,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName box="[965,1091,630,652]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Lasiocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lasiocnemus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |