148 lines
16 KiB
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148 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="12B24DC20D6BBB58588DC034D8DA121D" ID-DOI="10.1206/00030090-417.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407771" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630347764536" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Voss, Robert S. & Fleck, David W." docDate="2017" docId="03E587ECFF97FF9776D4FB11834DFBE8" docLanguage="en" docName="B417.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017 (417)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/00030090-417.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cyclopes didactylus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" masterDocId="FFDCFF94FFB4FFB37439FFE2806FFFDC" masterDocTitle="Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699239402727" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="51154E189C32637FDC9D7FA15BEC376F">Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C381294B70E0EFCB3ECFBC5EFB62392">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="593334730C9822E5F43EF41E53295B54">Fleck, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="48DEC2964CE60D30B237CB2295BE4688">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5EB1B953560B2357B58C2A26433773C5">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6674EDDEA80228E4F7B492CAC0477D86">
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<mods:date id="B626E998515B527D8AE54813636DDCE7">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="398FD69BA3A6931858FCF92CE2F8048C">2017-10-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E128B9EC852C91C543B6CF62063B9EB3">2017</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="91A52415443BB8C537C7D8904A5E55B6">417</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="56E53AE5D33BCDF9BEB277B4AC4C3B50">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/00030090-417.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D7292B69FC3E586997373E49D0AD0237">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="63B928377E664A719A3FA8A59726F587" type="DOI">10.1206/00030090-417.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7B389D5B36EF3D702CFA42AE3742190D" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3566571FF97FF9076D4FB11843EFA82" pageId="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF97FF9076D4FB118413FAD7" blockId="35.[749,1148,1267,1291]" box="[749,1148,1267,1291]" pageId="35">
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<heading id="D0BB8196FF97FF9076D4FB118413FAD7" box="[749,1148,1267,1291]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="35" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF97FF9076D4FB118413FAD7" ID-CoL="32VDS" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[749,1148,1267,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Cyclopedidae" genus="Cyclopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF97FF9076D4FB1183D3FAD7" box="[749,956,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="35">Cyclopes didactylus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF97FF9076F5FAC7843EFA82" blockId="35.[684,1212,1317,1606]" pageId="35">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 2): Nuevo
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<collectingRegion id="4988F818FF97FF9070ACFAC782B1FA81" country="Argentina" name="San Juan" pageId="35">San Juan</collectingRegion>
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(AMNH 268232; MUSM 11093).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3566571FF97FF9776F4FA85843BFCB1" lastPageId="36" pageId="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF97FF9076F4FA8583BAFAA2" blockId="35.[684,1212,1317,1606]" box="[717,981,1383,1407]" pageId="35">OTHER RECORDS: None.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF97FF9076F5FA6A84D3F999" blockId="35.[684,1212,1317,1606]" pageId="35">
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IDENTIFICATION: The pygmy (or “silky”) anteaters currently recognized as
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF97FF9077C8FA4B84D3FA1D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1009,1212,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Cyclopedidae" genus="Cyclopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF97FF9077C8FA4B84D3FA1D" box="[1009,1212,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="35">Cyclopes didactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cannot be confused with any other mammal, although it seems highly probable that they comprise a species complex rather than a single species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF97FF9076D8F9CF83D0F999" author="Coimbra, R. T. F. & F. R. Miranda & C. C. Lara & M. A. A. Schetino & F. R. dos Santos" box="[737,959,1581,1605]" pageId="35" pagination="40 - 49" refId="ref61705" refString="Coimbra, R. T. F., F. R. Miranda, C. C. Lara, M. A. A. Schetino, and F. R. dos Santos. 2017. Phylogeographic history of South American populations of the silky anteater Cyclopes didactylus (Pilosa: Cyclopedidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology 40: 40 - 49." type="journal article" year="2017">Coimbra et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Among the numerous
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="E8572AF4FF97FF907695F98F8367F915" pageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF97FF907695F98F8367F915" blockId="35.[684,1213,1645,1737]" pageId="35">
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<superScript id="7C399BB2FF97FF907695F98F82DCF9A5" attach="left" box="[684,691,1645,1657]" fontSize="5" pageId="35">5</superScript>
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Both references cited by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF97FF9077B7F98C8390F95D" author="Adam, P. J." box="[910,1023,1646,1665]" pageId="35" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref60618" refString="Adam, P. J. 1999. Choloepus didactylus. Mammalian Species 621: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1999">Adam (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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refer to swimming by “sloths” or “the sloth” in contexts that do not distinguish behaviors attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF97FF9077BDF97C83BBF96D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[900,980,1694,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Bradypodidae" genus="Bradypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF97FF9077BDF97C83BBF96D" box="[900,980,1694,1713]" italics="true" pageId="35">Bradypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from those attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF97FF907695F954836CF915" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[684,771,1718,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF97FF907695F954836CF915" box="[684,771,1718,1737]" italics="true" pageId="35">Choloepus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF977455FF00820EFE42" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="36">
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epithets currently treated as synonyms or subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF90FF9774D9FEE18101FEC7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[224,366,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Cyclopedidae" genus="Cyclopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF90FF9774D9FEE18101FEC7" box="[224,366,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="36">C. didactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Gardner, 2008) are several that might apply to the population that occurs in the Yavari-Ucayali interfluve, but available museum specimens are too few and widely scattered to attempt a revision for this report.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9774B5FE4A81C2FBC8" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="36">
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Our two voucher specimens have co-ossified occiputs but unfused braincase and facial sutures. AMNH 268232 consists only of a skull, but MUSM 11093 includes a skin. The pelage of the latter specimen is silvery grayish-brown dorsally and lacks any distinct markings, although the fur is noticeably browner over the head, shoulders, and upper back, whereas the lower back and rump are grayer; the ventral fur is abruptly self-beige over the chest and abdomen, but brownish on the throat. Measurements of MUSM 11093 are: headand-body length,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF977511FCF681EDFCF7" box="[296,386,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="182.0">182 mm</quantity>
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; length of tail,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF977624FCF68217FCF7" box="[541,632,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="229.0">229 mm</quantity>
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; hind foot,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF9774D2FCD7812EFC90" box="[235,321,821,845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
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; ear,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF9775BCFCD781B4FC90" box="[389,475,821,845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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; condylonasal length,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF9774FAFCB48144FCB1" box="[195,299,854,878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="50.1">50.1 mm</quantity>
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; nasal length, 14.0 mm; least interorbital breadth,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF977570FC9581F4FC52" box="[329,411,887,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
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(measured just anterior to small postorbital processes); anterior zygomatic breadth,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF977526FC5B81E6FC0D" box="[287,393,953,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
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; posterior zygomatic breadth,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF9774F3FC388145FC2E" box="[202,298,986,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
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; breadth of braincase,
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF97762EFC388216FC2E" box="[535,633,986,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="36" unit="mm" value="22.9">22.9 mm</quantity>
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. This specimen weighed
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<quantity id="4CB49B1FFF90FF977554FC1981C6FBC8" box="[365,425,1019,1044]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.86" pageId="36" unit="g" value="286.0">286 g</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9774B5FBFE8136FAA3" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="36">
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ETHNOBIOLOGY: The pygmy anteater is generally called tsipud, which is not analyzable and has no cognates in other Panoan languages. In some villages the term tsekeded is used instead. Tsekeded is an onomatopoetic representation of the “purr” that the pygmy anteater makes when disturbed. A few Matses consider tsekeded to be a synonym of tsipud. No subtypes are recognized. Some Matses consider it to be a
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<typeStatus id="54F78858FF90FF977614FAC78233FAE1" box="[557,604,1317,1341]" pageId="36">type</typeStatus>
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of sloth, while others consider it to be more closely related to tamanduas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9774B5FA6A8093FA1D" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="36">The pygmy anteater is not hunted, eaten, or kept as a pet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9774B5FA2981A1F95B" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="36">
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It is a death omen to come across a pygmy anteater. If a person comes in contact with one, his children are very likely to fall ill with excessive sleepiness and fever (symptoms similar to those caused by two-toed sloths).
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<collectingRegion id="4988F818FF90FF9775E2F9AD8262F9BA" box="[475,525,1615,1638]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="36">Men</collectingRegion>
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with children will not even look at them.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9774B5F973846DFE80" blockId="36.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">MATSES NATURAL HISTORY: The pygmy anteater is like a baby two-toed sloth, but has a tail. Its tail has a hairless patch (the ventral prehensile surface). The soles of its feet are hairless and reddish. Its eyes are small and its nose is pink. It is pretty and its fur is like cotton.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F5FE8483D9FE3D" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">Pygmy anteaters are usually found perched on thin vines in open forest. They can be found high or low in the canopy. They sit on branches that hang over large streams.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F4FE0983B5FDB9" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">Pygmy anteaters are nocturnal. During the day they forage along vines and thin trees. They stop to rest frequently, perching in the same position as two-toed sloths.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F4FD8D84E6FD7B" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">Pygmy anteaters are generally solitary, but occasionally two are found near each other.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F5FD53841EFD36" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">A pygmy anteater may curl up and cover its face with its front paws when it is scared.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F5FD118310FC91" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">When knocked off its perch or poked with a stick, a pygmy anteater purrs loudly, saying “tsequededededed.”</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F5FCB4843BFCB1" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" box="[716,1108,854,878]" pageId="36">Its diet is not known by the Matses.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3566571FF90FF9776F5FC95834DFBE8" pageId="36" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF90FF9776F5FC95834DFBE8" blockId="36.[684,1214,226,1076]" pageId="36">
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REMARKS: Most of what little the Matses have to say about the pygmy anteater agrees with the sparse natural history literature on this species (reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF90FF97777BFC39844EFC2E" author="Hayssen, V., F. & B. Pasch" box="[834,1057,986,1011]" pageId="36" pagination="51 - 58" refId="ref63594" refString="Hayssen, V., F. Miranda, and B. Pasch. 2012. Cyclopes didactylus (Pilosa: Cyclopedidae). Mammalian Species 44 (895): 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">Hayssen et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), although no vocalizations seem to have been reported previously.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |