317 lines
47 KiB
XML
317 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="8B91D28FDD6690DABBC11A21CE955994" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174702" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c962198-5485-47c6-8afa-ecf944a4826b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174702" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459787558486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Achatz, Johannes G. & Hooge, Matthew D." docDate="2006" docId="03E587C2F128FFF6FE96FA7A657B3CD0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01362p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Convoluta thela Achatz & Hooge, 2006, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFDCFFBAF12DFFFCFF9EFFBB611F3A56" masterDocTitle="Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698218790042" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B76B72A49B8772FCA8B1BEEE503E031C">Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2E52E6691AD1C4FB1BA720E2B00FDD8">Achatz, Johannes G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1F4736C1F51138E87553B02F11AE475">Hooge, Matthew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D6AF20885EEC2C6F84BCA9916BD92969">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9C4E12CEB1943C9C2EE53DC1B18A168F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A2AC3DE4BAF95B97AEFF0160435D4A73">
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<mods:date id="F92586CAED40B4B329E1948AADCD855D">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="93B31BCB8CBA9D192DDE8B322428AB34" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E628D86EB1153458C1305097FB360A13" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587C2F128FFF6FE96FA7A657B3CD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262170" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119349510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262170" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587C2F128FFF6FE96FA7A657B3CD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587C2F128FFF6FE96FA7A657B3CD0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF128FFF9FE96FA7A60963FA8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F128FFF9FE96FA7A62333F8D" blockId="5.[264,812,1473,1534]" box="[264,812,1473,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0BB81B8F128FFF9FE96FA7A62333F8D" bold="true" box="[264,812,1473,1499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F128FFF9FE96FA7A62333F8D" bold="true" box="[264,812,1473,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F128FFF9FE96FA7A60D73F8D" ID-CoL="XYR8" box="[264,456,1473,1499]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F128FFF9FE96FA7A60D73F8D" bold="true" box="[264,456,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF128FFF9FE4EFA7A63493F8D" box="[464,598,1473,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F128FFF9FDF8FA7A623B3F8D" author="Antonius" box="[614,804,1473,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F128FFF9FE96FA5F60963FA8" blockId="5.[264,812,1473,1534]" box="[264,393,1508,1534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F128FFF9FE8FFA5F609F3FA8" box="[273,384,1508,1534]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,367,1419,1443]" captionStartId-2="9.[264,367,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox-0="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetBox-1="[301,1293,316,1399]" captionTargetBox-2="[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[301,1294,316,1399]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Projection of male and female copulatory organs. Asterisk marks penis lumen. C. Projection of cross-section through penis. Asterisk marks penis lumen, black arrowheads point to circular muscles, white arrowheads to longitudinal muscles." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174706/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C356655FF128FFF9FE96F98F651E3C1D" box="[264,1025,1588,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F128FFF9FE96F98F651E3C1D" blockId="5.[264,1025,1588,1611]" box="[264,1025,1588,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F128FFF9FE96F98F60A93C1D" box="[264,438,1588,1611]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Anaperidae" genus="Conaperta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F128FFF9FE96F98F60A93C1D" box="[264,438,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conaperta thela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F128FFF9FE5AF98F63793C1D" author="Antonius" box="[452,614,1588,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F128FFF9FDEFF98F620E3C1D" author="Antonius" box="[625,785,1588,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1970) Sense organs in marine Acoela. American Society of Zoologists, 10, 550." type="journal article" year="1970">Antonius 1970</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F128FFF9FC82F98F62E53C1D" author="Hooge" box="[796,1018,1588,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" refString="Hooge, M. D. & Tyler, S. (2005) New tools for resolving phylogenies: a systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela). Journal of Zoological Systematic and Evolutionary Research, 43 (2), 100 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">Hooge & Tyler 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF128FFFAFE96F9C7629E3B08" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F128FFF9FE96F9C7632D3D58" blockId="5.[264,1323,1660,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F128FFF9FE96F9C760633CC0" bold="true" box="[264,380,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material.</emphasis>
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3ZooEVV 4648, one set of 1.5-µm-thick serial sagittal sections, and 3ZooEVV 4649, one set of 1.5-µm-thick frontal sagittal sections, living specimens in squeeze preparations, seven sets of serial histological sections, and 10 whole-mount specimens for fluorescence microscopy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F128FFFAFEA6F8A7629E3B08" blockId="5.[264,1323,1660,1886]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F128FFF9FEA6F8A7632F3D60" bold="true" box="[312,560,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Collection Locality.</emphasis>
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Bawi Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F128FFF9FD7BF8A762503D60" box="[741,847,1820,1846]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F128FFF9FCFFF8A762D53D60" box="[865,970,1820,1846]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F128FFF9FC7EF8A765733D60" box="[992,1132,1820,1846]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-6.1468334">6°8'48.6'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F128FFF9FBE1F8A764033D60" box="[1151,1308,1820,1846]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="39.132526">39°7'57.1'' E</geoCoordinate>
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), from fine-grained sand in tide pools at the low intertidal level, and Bawi Sandbank,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F12BFFFAFE96FEA7606D3B60" box="[264,370,284,310]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F12BFFFAFE1FFEA760F53B60" box="[385,490,284,310]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F12BFFFAFE61FEA763653B60" box="[511,634,284,310]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="-6.1359997">6°8'9.6'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F12BFFFAFD15FEA762393B60" box="[651,806,284,310]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="39.130722">39°7'50.6'' E</geoCoordinate>
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), from east side of sandbank, fine-grained sand near corals and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F12BFFFAFE60FEFF636F3B0B" box="[510,624,324,349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F12BFFFAFE60FEFF636F3B0B" box="[510,624,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thalassia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. at
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<quantity id="4CB49B31F12BFFFAFD22FEFF63F63B08" box="[700,745,324,350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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water depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF12BFFF5FEA6FED063A838B8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FED0628A3BA8" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F12BFFFAFEA6FED060CF3BD3" bold="true" box="[312,464,363,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
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Mature animals are 700 to 900 µm long, 375 µm wide, and lack enfolded sides (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFECDFE2F60BC3BF8" box="[339,419,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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A, 4A, 5A). The epidermis is entirely ciliated, the cilia are 5–6 µm long. The epidermal nuclei lie beneath the body-wall musculature, which consists of outer circular, longitudinal cross-over, and inner longitudinal muscles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FDB763CB3988" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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A statocyst, 25 µm in diameter, lies ~100 µm behind the anterior tip. Yellow-brown coloration is conferred by zooxanthellae, which are scattered throughout the parenchyma. The number of symbiotic algae varies among specimens. Rhabdoid gland cells are scattered across the entire surface, with especially high concentrations at the anterior end of the body. The refractive needle-shaped rhabdoids are ~1 µm thick and up to 28 µm long, and tightly packed in the rhabdoid gland cells (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFCC4FD6F62B938B8" box="[858,934,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C). The formation of rhabdoids appears to start with cyanophilic vesicles, which fuse progressively. When fixed with glutaraldehyde and stained with toluidine blue, the rhabdoids are preserved and purple, but when fixed with Stefanini’s or Bouin, they dissolve. Greater abundance of the rhabdoid gland cells causes replacement of the zooxanthellae and the margin of the body to look translucent. A well-developed frontal organ composed of cyanophilic mucus gland cells is present anterior to the mouth (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFDF4FC7F63AF3988" box="[618,688,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FC5760633E28" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The nervous system consists of a mass of nerve tissue in front of and lateral to the statocyst, and four pairs of longitudinal nerve cords (ventral, ventro-lateral, dorso-lateral, and dorsal). Two ellipsoid ocelli composed of brownish granules lie lateral to the statocyst (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFE8FFBDF604A3E28" box="[273,341,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FB37631F3EA0" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The mouth is situated slightly in front of the middle of the body. The digestive central syncytium extends from behind the statocyst to the seminal vesicle and sometimes contains crustaceans.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FABF60E13FC0" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The paired testes originate behind the statocyst and mature toward the seminal vesicle where sperm sometimes form false seminal vesicles. Mature sperm enter the seminal vesicle through lateral openings (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFD15FAEF63C43F38" box="[651,731,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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B, 5A). The paired ovaries are positioned ventrally near the median line.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFAFEA6FA1F62783C08" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The female gonopore lies anterior to the male gonopore, separated from it by a short length of body wall. The female gonopore opens to an unciliated vagina that is surrounded by a sphincter, 35 µm wide, 12 µm thick, and composed of ~8 distinct muscle fibers. The vagina leads to a seminal bursa with a single bursal nozzle that is 60 µm long, directed antero-ventrally and curved dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFD5FF9FF620C3C08" box="[705,787,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,316,1399]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[301,1294,316,1399]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Projection of male and female copulatory organs. Asterisk marks penis lumen. C. Projection of cross-section through penis. Asterisk marks penis lumen, black arrowheads point to circular muscles, white arrowheads to longitudinal muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174706/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 5B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12BFFFBFEA6F9D762043820" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A well-developed sphincter consisting of body-wall musculature and penis musculature surrounds the male gonopore. The straight, muscular penis is 35 µm long, 25 µm wide, and has a lumen 13 µm wide. It is inserted into a muscular seminal vesicle. The penis musculature consists of longitudinal muscles and an irregular meshwork of circular fibers surrounding them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F12BFFFAFDABF8B763613D70" box="[565,638,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,316,1399]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[301,1294,316,1399]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Projection of male and female copulatory organs. Asterisk marks penis lumen. C. Projection of cross-section through penis. Asterisk marks penis lumen, black arrowheads point to circular muscles, white arrowheads to longitudinal muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174706/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Toward the proximal end of the penis the longitudinal muscles branch repeatedly. The branched muscles appear to attach to the cell borders of gland cells described below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F12AFFFBFDFEFEA763B63B60" box="[608,681,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,316,1399]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[301,1294,316,1399]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Projection of male and female copulatory organs. Asterisk marks penis lumen. C. Projection of cross-section through penis. Asterisk marks penis lumen, black arrowheads point to circular muscles, white arrowheads to longitudinal muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174706/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The muscular, spherical seminal vesicle is 100 µm high and 75 µm wide when filled with sperm and glandular secretions. At the distal end it is filled with gland cells with a homogeneous content. The nuclei of these cells lie on the outer wall of the penis, or within the parenchyma. In this case the cells extend through the distal wall of the seminal vesicle. A second
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F12AFFFBFCB6FE0762443B80" box="[808,859,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of gland cell, producing erythrophilic vesicles, fills the region of the seminal vesicle that is proximal to the cyanophilic gland cells. The nuclei of these cells lie within the parenchyma, scattered among the muscles of the seminal vesicle or sometimes within the seminal vesicle. Erythrophilic vesicles can also be found free within the seminal vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33665CF12AFFFBFE96F94963623D19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F12AFFFBFE96F94963623D19" blockId="7.[264,1323,1778,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F12AFFFBFE96F94960953D5C" bold="true" box="[264,394,1778,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F12AFFFBFE0CF94863233D5C" box="[402,572,1779,1802]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F12AFFFBFE0CF94863233D5C" box="[402,572,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF12AFFFBFDDAF94963A03D5C" box="[580,703,1778,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F12AFFFBFDDAF94963A03D5C" bold="true" box="[580,703,1778,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33665CF125FFF4FE96FA3062303C7B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174706/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[301,1293,316,1399]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F125FFF4FE96FA3062303C7B" blockId="8.[264,1322,1419,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F125FFF4FE96FA3060953FF5" bold="true" box="[264,394,1419,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F125FFF4FE0FFA3763233FF5" box="[401,572,1420,1443]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F125FFF4FE0FFA3763233FF5" box="[401,572,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF125FFF4FDDDFA3063A13FF5" box="[579,702,1419,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F125FFF4FDDDFA3063A13FF5" bold="true" box="[579,702,1419,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; whole mounts stained with Alexa-488-labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Projection of male and female copulatory organs. Asterisk marks penis lumen. C. Projection of cross-section through penis. Asterisk marks penis lumen, black arrowheads point to circular muscles, white arrowheads to longitudinal muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F125FFF5FEA6F9DA63A838B8" blockId="8.[264,1323,1633,1899]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Two prostatoid organs, 38 µm long and 20 µm in diameter, are present, mostly positioned at the body midline posterior to the male copulatory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F125FFF4FBD9F93265873CF5" box="[1095,1176,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,686,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,686,1754]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of male copulatory organ. Arrowheads point to prostatoid organs. C. Rhabdoid gland cell. D. Ocellus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4A, 5). A prostatoid organ consists of a muscular vesicle surrounding a cone of circular muscles. Several muscle fibers connect the proximal end of the cone to the vesicle. The body-wall musculature is not continuous with the musculature of the prostatoid organs. Gland cells producing erythrophilic vesicles surround and protrude with their distal necks into the prostatoid organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F125FFF4FE76F8EA632D3D3D" box="[488,562,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). These gland cells are identical to those associated with the seminal vesicle. The number of erythrophilic vesicles stored in the prostatoid organs is always positively correlated with the number present in the seminal vesicle–i.e., full before and empty after copulation. We examined the arrangement of prostatoid organs in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD5DF124FFF5FE96FE2F60B53BF8" box="[264,426,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F124FFF5FE47FE2F63833BFB" box="[473,668,404,429]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Anaperidae" genus="Conaperta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F124FFF5FE47FE2F63833BFB" box="[473,668,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Conaperta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF124FFF5FD36FE28622D3BFB" box="[680,818,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F124FFF5FD36FE28622D3BFB" bold="true" box="[680,818,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and found the following patterns: in one specimen, one prostatoid organ was positioned at the body midline, anterior to the female gonopore and a second prostatoid organ was present at the body midline posterior to the male copulatory organ; in one specimen, one prostatoid organ was positioned at the body midline anterior to the female gonopore, and a second at the body midline posterior to the female gonopore; in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD5DF124FFF5FE61FDE763903820" box="[511,655,604,630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(2 immature) two prostatoid organs were present lateral to the female opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F124FFF5FD88FD3F634638C8" box="[534,601,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A right); in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD5DF124FFF5FD7BFD3F629D38C8" box="[741,898,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
2 prostatoid organs were positioned at the body midline posterior to the male copulatory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F124FFF5FC5BFD1765163890" box="[965,1033,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[316,1278,794,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Convoluta thela comb. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A left); in two immature specimens they were entirely absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF33665CF124FFF5FE96F97163D93D3A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174707/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[316,1278,794,1718]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F124FFF5FE96F97163D93D3A" blockId="9.[264,1323,1738,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F124FFF5FE96F971608F3CB4" bold="true" box="[264,400,1738,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F124FFF5FE02F97163523CB7" box="[412,589,1738,1761]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F124FFF5FE02F97163523CB7" box="[412,589,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF124FFF5FDC4F97163C53CB4" box="[602,730,1738,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F124FFF5FDC4F97163C53CB4" bold="true" box="[602,730,1738,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal view showing the two most abundant distributions of prostatoid organs. The gonads are paired but for clarity just the right testes and left ovaries are shown. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction of male copulatory organ and prostatoid organ. Insunk nuclei of the epidermis are not illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356655FF127FFF6FEA6FEA0657B3CD0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6FEA065D13890" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FEA6FEA060AE3B63" bold="true" box="[312,433,283,309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
On the basis of the new material we could verify the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FB2EFEA7605D3B0B" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FB2EFEA7605D3B0B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF127FFF6FECEFEF860C33B0B" box="[336,476,323,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FECEFEF860C33B0B" bold="true" box="[336,476,323,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FDB8FEFF63C43B08" author="Antonius" box="[550,731,324,350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, page 342), which was described with a single specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FE1BFED763593BD0" author="Antonius" box="[389,582,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FCB8FED762F43BD3" box="[806,1003,364,389]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="krana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FCB8FED762F43BD3" box="[806,1003,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta krana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF127FFF6FC6CFED065673BD3" box="[1010,1144,363,389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FC6CFED065673BD3" bold="true" box="[1010,1144,363,389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FB2EFED7605D3BFB" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FB2EFED7605D3BFB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FE70FE2F63743BFB" box="[494,619,404,429]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Anaperidae" genus="Conaperta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FE70FE2F63743BFB" box="[494,619,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conaperta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of having a common gonopore or better the female and male copulatory organs to open out into a unciliated common genital atrium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FE8EFE5F63243BA8" author="Antonius" box="[272,571,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius 1968, page 358</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, our investigation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F127FFF6FC43FE5F655B3BA8" box="[989,1092,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FBF4FE5F65D83BAB" box="[1130,1223,484,509]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FBF4FE5F65D83BAB" box="[1130,1223,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two out of four serial sections from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F127FFF6FD2FFDB763FB3870" box="[689,740,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FCE9FDB762C03873" box="[887,991,524,549]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="krana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FCE9FDB762C03873" box="[887,991,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. krana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, revealed that the pores are separated by a short length of ciliated body wall. In freshly collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FB50FD8F6435381B" box="[1230,1322,564,589]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FB50FD8F6435381B" box="[1230,1322,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined by confocal microscopy the pores can be seen to be set apart by circular bodywall muscles and in histological sections the pores are separated and surrounded by a ciliated body wall. Consequently, we transfer both species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FBD3FD1765D83893" box="[1101,1223,684,709]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FBD3FD1765D83893" box="[1101,1223,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6FD6F65153E50" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FEA6FD6F60E638B8" author="Antonius" box="[312,505,724,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that his Bouin fixed specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FC6AFD6F65AE38BB" box="[1012,1201,724,749]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FC6AFD6F65AE38BB" box="[1012,1201,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed mucoid gland cells throughout the body wall and rhabdoid gland cells that were present solely outside the body-wall musculature. However, the preservation of rhabdoids differs with use of various fixatives (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FD1EFCF762043930" author="Martin" box="[640,795,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Martin, G., (1978) A new function of rhabdites: Mucus production for ciliary gliding. Zoomorphology, 91, 235 - 248." type="journal article" year="1978">Martin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FCB3FCF765143930" author="Smith" box="[813,1035,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Smith, J., Tyler, S., Thomas, M. B., Rieger, R. M. (1982) The morphology of turbellarian rhabdites: Phylogenetic implications. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 101, 209 - 228." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FC1FFCF762DD3933" box="[897,962,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FB80FCF764013930" author="Smith" box="[1054,1310,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Smith, J. P. S. & Tyler, S. (1984) Serial sectioning and staining of resin-embedded material for light microscopy: recommended procedures for micrometazoans. Mikroskopie, 41, 259 - 270." type="journal article" year="1984">Smith & Tyler 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comparing our Stefanini’s- and glutaraldehyde-fixed specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FB84FCCF656A39DB" box="[1050,1141,884,909]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FB84FCCF656A39DB" box="[1050,1141,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is likely that the rhabdoids in Antonius’ (1968) material dissolved in Bouin’s fixative and lead to a misinterpretation of mucous gland cells. The small rhabdoids described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FB21FC7F60483E50" author="Antonius" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were possibly the distal tips of larger rhabdoid gland cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6FBAF60823EF0" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FEA6FBAF60E43E78" author="Antonius" box="[312,507,1044,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described muscles of the male copulatory organ, which insert at the body-wall musculature, penetrate the seminal vesicle, and attach to the penis (Retraktoren des Penis, PR, sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F127FFF6FD8BFBDF63D33E28" author="Antonius" box="[533,716,1124,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Antonius, A. (1968) Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer im Winter 1961 / 62, Teil IV. Neue Convolutidae und eine Bearbeitung des Verwandtschaftskreises Convoluta (Turbellaria Acoela). Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 95, 297 - 394." type="journal article" year="1968">Antonius 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found no similar muscles in the specimens investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6FB0F63203FC0" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The presence of lateral prostatoid organs in immature animals, and the strict occurrence of two prostatoid organs in all specimens, points to a paired lateral origin of these organs. The variable distributions of the organs could be intermediate stages in the migration towards the median line of the tail. This interpretation is also strengthened by the fact that in all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FDB1FAEF63B63F3B" box="[559,681,1364,1389]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FDB1FAEF63B63F3B" box="[559,681,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Convoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species possessing prostatoid organs, they occur in a paired, lateral distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6FA1F626E3C60" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In our examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F127FFF6FDE6FA1F63B43FE8" box="[632,683,1444,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FCDCFA1F62B43FEB" box="[834,939,1444,1469]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="krana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FCDCFA1F62B43FEB" box="[834,939,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. krana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we found in one specimen one prostatoid organ lateral to the female gonopore and a second in a median, posterior position (Rupert Riedl-Collection #12.685). In three others the prostatoid organs were distributed in the common median, posterior pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F127FFF6FEA6F9FF657B3CD0" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The differences between the specimen described from the Red Sea and the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F127FFF6FED6F9D760AE3CD0" box="[328,433,1644,1670]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
may indicate the occurrence of subpopulations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F127FFF6FB9EF9D765423CD3" box="[1024,1117,1644,1669]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Convoluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F127FFF6FB9EF9D765423CD3" box="[1024,1117,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. thela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |