2026 lines
332 KiB
XML
2026 lines
332 KiB
XML
<document id="9818EB3E9CCA1248ABBE40C01FE69537" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1fb0c333-c04d-4ad5-8525-9f6fc63988b8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252756" ID-ZooBank="E0B134DA-750A-409D-8A7C-8F681C87ACC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460989253045" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lima, Albertina P., Simões, Pedro Ivo & Kaefer, Igor Luis" docDate="2014" docId="03E58795FFD4FFB3FF638034FC6DFAD0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03889p387.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3889 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Allobates magnussoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFDCFFEDFFD0FFA4FFF48273FFC8FFD6" masterDocTitle="A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="387" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="359" updateTime="1698561019021" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A9B96B0C050F6046B94C6DDA5AC9B4C8">A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7BB548E4313ED5B71F80FC2F08217152">Lima, Albertina P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFE1EFF00C93BED6631F982BA547018D">Simões, Pedro Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D74CE26B627312FBC7EE77187DBC6236">Kaefer, Igor Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80BF6E4C801176ED83235CCB2B11FB35">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EDC88EE70CCC71CA55B45A94ABB31968">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="947E1A2C8A3831661A1C92DAB46AF1DF">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E75AC269188C4728923BC2DDCA2B67AD">3889</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E58795FFD4FFB3FF638034FC6DFAD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5693983" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5693983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E58795FFD4FFB3FF638034FC6DFAD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58795FFD4FFB3FF638034FC6DFAD0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD4FFA0FF638034FEF7FD55" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF638034FE69FDB7" blockId="4.[151,417,583,643]" box="[151,417,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<heading id="D0BB81EFFFD4FFA0FF638034FE69FDB7" bold="true" box="[151,417,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FF638034FE69FDB7" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[151,417,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
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<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF638034FE69FDB7" bold="true" box="[151,417,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF638019FEF7FD55" blockId="4.[151,417,583,643]" box="[151,319,618,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FF638019FED6FD55" box="[151,286,618,643]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1680,1702]" captionStartId-5="14.[151,250,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetBox-4="[185,1339,509,1626]" captionTargetBox-5="[165,1428,424,1162]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[151,1436,481,1659]" captionTargetId-5="figure@14.[151,1436,409,1181]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Distribution of 36 specimens of Allobates magnussoni (males and females pooled) along the first and second dimensions of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from 15 morphometric ratios commonly used in Allobates species descriptions (see text). Note that samples from opposite sides of the Tapajós River do not form distinct clusters (P = Parque Nacional da Amazônia, the species type locality on west riverbank; T = Treviso and J = Jamanxim, both located on the east riverbank)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 ° C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL = 17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 ° C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/252761/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FEDE8018FEF2FD55" box="[298,314,619,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">8</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD4FFA0FF6380C1FDA7FCD0" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF6380C1FD65FD1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,690,774]" box="[151,685,690,712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FF6380C1FD41FD1E" authority="Caldwell & Araujo 2005" authorityName="Caldwell & Araujo" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,649,690,712]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF6380C1FEBBFD1E" box="[151,371,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Colostethus brunneus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD4FFA0FE8D80C1FD41FD1E" author="Caldwell" box="[377,649,690,712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" refString="Caldwell, J. P. & Araujo, M. C. (2005) Amphibian faunas of two eastern Amazonian rainforest sites in Para, Brazil. Occasional Papers of the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 16, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="p">Caldwell & Araújo 2005 p</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 10
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF6380A2FDA7FCD0" blockId="4.[151,1437,690,774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FF6380A2FDD0FD31" ID-CoL="6699K" authority="Grant et al. 2006" authorityName="Grant et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[151,536,721,743]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF6380A2FE95FD31" box="[151,349,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD4FFA0FE9180A2FDD0FD31" author="Grant" box="[357,536,721,743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. F., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, B. D., Noonan, B. P., Schargel, W. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 299 [1: psodfa] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FE5C80A1FE15FD31" box="[424,477,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pg. 123, Fig. 72,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FD2180A2FCFBFD31" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[725,819,721,743]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FD2180A2FCFBFD31" box="[725,819,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminals;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD4FFA0FC5E80A2FBA0FD31" author="Santos" box="[938,1128,721,743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" refString="Santos, J. C., Coloma, L. A., Summers, K., Caldwell, J. P., Ree, R. & Cannatella, D. C. (2009) Amazonian amphibian diversity is primarily derived from Late Miocene Andean lineages. PLOS Biology, 7, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 1000056" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
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Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FC0280A1FBE4FD31" box="[1014,1068,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2009
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, supplementary material, Fig. S3A, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FEF88083FE07FCD0" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[268,463,752,774]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
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<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FEF88083FE07FCD0" box="[268,463,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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BR” terminals.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD4FFA0FF638141FE29FAB1" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF638141FC7DFC0D" blockId="4.[151,1437,818,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF638141FEC3FC9D" bold="true" box="[151,267,818,843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
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<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD4FFA0FF638141FECEFC9D" box="[151,262,818,843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
INPA-H 32960 (original field number APL12814), an adult male collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FB5D8140FAB0FC9D" box="[1193,1400,818,843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2008-02-18">18 February 2008</date>
|
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, in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, municipality of Itaituba, on the western margin of the Tapajós River (
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FAE58124FF61FC45" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="1" value="-4.5534167">04°33’12.3” S</geoCoordinate>
|
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FF4C8109FEAEFC44" box="[184,358,890,915]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="1" value="-56.300083">56°18’00.3” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FE108108FDE6FC44" box="[484,558,891,915]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="m" value="132.0">132 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), Pará State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD4FFA0FCFC8109FC98FC45" box="[776,848,890,915]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD4FFA0FC678108FC0BFC45" box="[915,963,891,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FBB28109FB58FC45" box="[1094,1168,890,915]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="km" value="65.0">65 km</quantity>
|
||
southwest of Itaituba’s urban perimeter on BR-230 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FE2B81ECFD50FC61" box="[479,664,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Transamazônica</emphasis>
|
||
) road. The specimen was found near a water spring located ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FAA781ECFA54FC60" box="[1363,1436,927,951]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
from the park’s research base, towards the margin of the Tapajós River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF288195FEAFFB65" blockId="4.[151,1437,818,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
|
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<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF288195FE40FC29" bold="true" box="[220,392,998,1023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Paratopotypes</emphasis>
|
||
. Thirteen males (INPA-H 32960–32973, original field numbers APL12986–12990, 13000–13003, 13005, 13006, 13009, 13015), eight females (INPA-H 32974–32976, 32978–32982, original field numbers APL 12998, 13004, 13010, 13012–13014, 13016, 13017), all collected by APL, William E. Magnusson and Laudelino S. Vasconcelos between
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FDAB8620FC9DFBBD" box="[607,853,1106,1131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2008-02-18" valueMax="2008-02-24" valueMin="2008-02-18">18–24 February 2008</date>
|
||
at the species type-locality. We designate INPA-H 32974 (original field number APL 12998), an adult female collected by APL on
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FBDE8604FB3EFB59" box="[1066,1270,1142,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2008-02-22">22 February 2008</date>
|
||
, as the species allotype (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FEF486E9FE8AFB65" box="[256,322,1178,1203]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF3386CDFE29FAB1" blockId="4.[151,1437,818,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF3386CDFE8EFB01" bold="true" box="[199,326,1214,1239]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD4FFA0FF3386CDFE89FB01" box="[199,321,1214,1239]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All from Pará State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD4FFA0FDC486CDFDB0FB01" box="[560,632,1214,1239]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FD7686CDFD29FB01" bold="true" box="[642,737,1214,1239]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Treviso:</emphasis>
|
||
INPA-H 10105–10109 (field number APL 200–207), INPA-H 33930–33932 (APL12076–12078) and INPA-H 33933–33934 (APL 13505 and 13508)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFD4FFA0FB508690FAD9FB2D" box="[1188,1297,1250,1275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFD4FFA0FAD78690FA50FB2D" box="[1315,1432,1250,1275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, Treviso, municipality of Belterra (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FDE98774FD65FAC9" box="[541,685,1287,1311]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="15" value="-3.1455557">03°08’44” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, W
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FD2B8775FCB3FAC9" box="[735,891,1286,1311]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="15" value="-54.8425">54°50’33” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected in
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FBE98774FB70FAC9" box="[1053,1208,1287,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2002-01">January 2002</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FB318775FAA3FAC9" box="[1221,1387,1286,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2006-02">February 2006</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD4FFA0FF638759FEEFFA95" box="[151,295,1322,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" value="2009-03">March 2009</date>
|
||
by APL and E.V. Farias.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FD8C8759FD37FA95" bold="true" box="[632,767,1322,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Jamanxim:</emphasis>
|
||
INPA-H 33935 (APL 20537), municipality of Itaituba (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FF6B873DFEE5FAB1" box="[159,301,1358,1383]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="15" value="-6.3061113">06°18’22” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFD4FFA0FECE873DFE1CFAB1" box="[314,468,1358,1383]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" precision="15" value="-55.710556">55°42’38” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD4FFA0FF338701FF31FA05" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA0FF338701FF31FA05" blockId="4.[151,1437,818,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF338701FE86FA5D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1394,1419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. William (Bill) E. Magnusson, a professor from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia who has trained many students to understand and love the Amazon forest and its frogs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD4FFA1FF3387ADFDD3FBE3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD4FFA1FF3387ADFB11FCC3" blockId="4.[151,1437,818,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FF3387ADFE89FA21" bold="true" box="[199,321,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) a relatively large species of cryptically colored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD4FFA0FC7487ADFC22FA21" box="[896,1002,1502,1527]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FC7487ADFC22FA21" box="[896,1002,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mean SVL of males 17.78
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD4FFA0FAD787ADFAFAFA21" bold="true" box="[1315,1330,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FACD87ADFA54FA20" box="[1337,1436,1502,1527]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FF118471FE60F9CD" box="[229,424,1538,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.784" metricValueMax="1.959" metricValueMin="1.609" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="17.84" valueMax="19.59" valueMin="16.09">16.09–19.59 mm</quantity>
|
||
); mean SVL of females 19.50 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FCE68470FCBEF9CC" box="[786,886,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD4FFA0FC3E8470FB45F9CD" box="[970,1165,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9405" metricValueMax="2.084" metricValueMin="1.797" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="19.405" valueMax="20.84" valueMin="17.97">17.97–20.84 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (2) dorsum has a darkbrown hourglass-shaped marking from the anterior to mid dorsal surface, consisting of three contiguous convex sections: the first between the eyes, approximately bat-shaped, the second approximately diamond-shaped, and the third similar to the first or triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FDB6841DFD49F951" box="[578,641,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FD3F841DFCC4F951" box="[715,780,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FC80841DFC71F951" box="[884,953,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surfaces of leg and arms brown in life and when preserved; thigh and tibia with one dark brown transverse bar each, which line up when sitting at rest; foot with two transverse bars in dorsal view, bars sometimes diffuse, one of them aligning with the bars on tight and tibia when specimens are at rest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FD7384A9FD00F925" box="[647,712,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FCE084A9FC9EF925" box="[788,854,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, G;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FC3084A9FBC3F925" box="[964,1035,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); (3) pale dorsolateral stripe, when present, diffuse; (4) a distinct pale brown oblique lateral bar crosses the dark-brown lateral stripe about mid body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FF6B8551FF15F8ED" box="[159,221,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FED08551FEACF8ED" box="[292,356,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D); (5) ventrolateral stripe absent, or diffuse as small irregular iridescent white spots (as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD4FFA0FF638535FF31F889" box="[151,249,1862,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FEEF8535FE90F889" box="[283,344,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C; see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FE088535FDF3F889" box="[508,571,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, G, H) or as a series of wavy, elongate, interconnected spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FB0D8535FAF4F889" box="[1273,1340,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, I); (6) pale paracloacal mark present, small, not forming a half-moon shape; (7) throat and chest of males pigmented, grayish-violet, gray in preserved specimens; belly yellowish, cream in preserved specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FB3585FDFB35F871" box="[1217,1277,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FAD485FDFAAAF871" box="[1312,1378,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FF6385C1FF17F81D" box="[151,223,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); (8) females with throat, chest and belly uniformly yellow (cream in preserved specimens), with a few melanophores on chin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FE5285A5FE23F839" box="[422,491,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD4FFA0FDC085A5FDB3F839" box="[564,635,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="359">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); (9) dark throat collar absent; (10) iris metallic gold with tiny black flecks and a pupil ring; (11) paired dorsal digital scutes, (12) median lingual process absent; (13) tympanum inconspicuous, tympanic annulus inconspicuous; (14) vocal sac distinct, subgular; (15) maxillary teeth present; (16) third phalange of Finger III on males weakly wider in males than in females; (17) rudimentary webbing present only basally between Toes II-III and III-IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD5FFA1FD048377FCFFFECA" box="[752,823,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (18) distal tubercle absent on Finger IV; (19) tip of Finger IV surpasses distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III when fingers are pressed against each other; (20) Finger II about 6% shorter than Finger I; (21) finger discs moderately expanded, middle section of third phalange of Finger III about 69% of finger disc’s width; (22) lateral fringes absent on fingers;(23) overall morphology of Finger III similar between males and females, only the third phalange of Finger III weakly wider on males.; (24) carpal pad absent; (25) thenar tubercle conspicuous, oval, moderately protuberant; (26) tarsal keel present, strongly curved; (27) a weak metatarsal fold is present; (28) disc of Toe IV weakly expanded; (29) fringes absent on toes; (30) mature oocytes pigmented; (31) Adult testis unpigmented, about one-third the length of kidney; (32) caudal musculature of tadpoles is bifurcated dorsally on body region, dorsal fin extending shortly between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD5FFA1FABC8057FA44FDEA" box="[1352,1420,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); (33) oral disc of tadpoles emarginate, not umbelliform, anterior labium with short round papillae only on lateral margins, 12–13 on each side; posterior labium projected anteriorly, covering posterior tooth rows, and entirely surrounded by 32 to 35 short, pyramidal to slightly elongate papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD5FFA1FC2980FCFBEDFD7E" box="[989,1061,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,424,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,409,1181]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 ° C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL = 17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 ° C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C); (34) eggs are laid on transparent jelly nests, on dead leaves on the forest floor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD5FFA1FCD380C7FCBFFD1A" box="[807,887,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[154,1433,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Allobates magnussoni and position of type localities of morphologically similar species in genus Allobates in northern South America. Yellow stars: (1) Allobates magnussoni ’ s type locality, defined as Parque Nacional da Amazônia, on the left bank of the Tapajós River, south of the city of Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (2) and (3): Additional sampling records of A. magnussoni in Treviso and Jamanxim, both located on the right bank of the Tapajós River. Yellow circles, triangles and square indicate approximate geographic locations of precedence of voucher specimens used in the descriptions and re-descriptions of Allobates brunneus, A. flaviventris and A. crombiei, respectively. These three species share with A. magnussoni the presence of hourglass-shaped marks on dorsum. White dots correspond to permanent sampling sites subject to anuran surveys both by our research group and by Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (detailed information on location of sampling sites and biological surveys available at http: // ppbio. inpa. gov. br) where the new species has not been detected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252767/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); (35) diurnal activity, males calling during daytime; (36) advertisement calls characterized by the continuous emission of single notes split by regular silent intervals, shifting sporadically to note-pairs; notes have peak frequencies of 4.2–4.8 kHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD5FFA1FB72808FFB03FCC3" box="[1158,1227,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,424,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,409,1181]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 ° C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL = 17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 ° C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD5FFA1FF33816CFE59FC8B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
The new species is unambiguously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD2A816CFC80FCEE" box="[734,840,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD2A816CFC80FCEE" box="[734,840,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of the above characters 1, 9, 12, 17, 20, 33, 34, and 35.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD5FFA1FF338114FDD3FBE3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF338114FD83FC56" bold="true" box="[199,587,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
Because of its geographic range is restricted to the Tapajós River basin, in central Brazilian Amazonia, and because of the presence of a distinct hourglass-shaped mark on dorsum, comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEB981DCFD8DFC1E" box="[333,581,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEB981DCFD8DFC1E" box="[333,581,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD3E81DCFCFCFC1E" box="[714,820,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD3E81DCFCFCFC1E" box="[714,820,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are limited to species occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD5FFA1FB3D81DCFAD8FC1E" box="[1225,1296,943,968]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and to four additional species distributed in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD5FFA1FDA181A7FD6EFC3B" box="[597,678,980,1005]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FCE281A7FC1BFC3A" box="[790,979,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FCE281A7FC1BFC3A" box="[790,979,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates granti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC1E81A7FB42FC3B" box="[1002,1162,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amissibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC1E81A7FB42FC3B" box="[1002,1162,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. amissibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FB5481A7FAF5FC3A" box="[1184,1341,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FB5481A7FAF5FC3A" box="[1184,1341,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. sumtuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FA7081A7FECDFBC6" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FA7081A7FECDFBC6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These comprise all species that could be potentially confounded with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBBB818BFB30FBC6" box="[1103,1272,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBBB818BFB30FBC6" box="[1103,1272,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or potentially overlap in geographic distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD5FFA3FF33864CFB58F999" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD5FFA1FF33864CFD3CFB76" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF33864CFE09FB8E" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[199,449,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF33864CFE09FB8E" box="[199,449,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD94864CFBDEFB8E" ID-CoL="668XN" authority="Boulenger 1883" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1883" box="[608,1046,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD94864CFCF7FB8E" box="[608,831,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates femoralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger 1883)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBD18633FF1AFBAA" ID-CoL="5TWXM" authority="Simoes" authorityName="Simoes" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBD18633FB4AFB8E" box="[1061,1154,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. hodli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FB79864CFF1AFBAA" author="Simoes" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Simoes, P. I., Lima, A. P. & Farias, I. P. (2010) The description of a cryptic species related to the pan-Amazonian frog Allobates femoralis (Boulenger 1883) (Anura: Aromobatidae). Zootaxa, 2406, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">Simões, Lima & Farias 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEF88617FDE8FBAA" ID-CoL="BV27" authority="Pyburn 1981" authorityName="Pyburn" authorityYear="1981" box="[268,544,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEF88617FEBFFBAA" box="[268,375,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
(Pyburn 1981)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of red or yellow flash marks on dorsal surface of thighs, and by the absence of black and white marbling on abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD5FFA1FF3386DFFC8BF9A3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF3386DFFE0AFB12" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[199,450,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF3386DFFE0AFB12" box="[199,450,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD2486DFFBFFFB12" ID-CoL="BV23" authority="Melin 1941" authorityName="Melin" authorityYear="1941" box="[720,1079,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD2486DFFC46FB13" box="[720,910,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Melin 1941)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBB386DFFAE2FB13" ID-CoL="5TWXH" box="[1095,1322,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBB386DFFAE2FB13" box="[1095,1322,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. caeruleodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FAC986DFFEF7FB3E" author="Lima" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Lima, A. P. & Caldwell, J. P. (2001) A new Amazonian species of Colostethus with sky blue digits. Herpetologica, 57, 180 - 189." type="journal article" year="2001">Lima & Caldwell 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEA786A3FE27FB3E" ID-CoL="5TX9N" box="[339,495,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEA786A3FE27FB3E" box="[339,495,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FCFF86A3FC45FB3E" ID-CoL="5TX9L" box="[779,909,1231,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FCFF86A3FC45FB3E" box="[779,909,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. fuscellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FB5C86A3FAE7FB3E" ID-CoL="BV24" box="[1192,1327,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FB5C86A3FAE7FB3E" box="[1192,1327,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. masniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FECB8687FE1BFADA" ID-CoL="BV2L" box="[319,467,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FECB8687FE98FADD" box="[319,336,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEAA8686FE1BFADA" box="[350,467,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">sumtuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD1B8687FC46FADB" ID-CoL="BV2S" box="[751,910,1268,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD1B8687FC46FADB" box="[751,910,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. vanzolinius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FB5F8687FAEEFADB" ID-CoL="BV28" box="[1195,1318,1268,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nidicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FB5F8687FAEEFADB" box="[1195,1318,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. nidicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FAC18687FEFAFAE6" author="Caldwell" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Caldwell, J. P. & Lima, A. P. (2003) A new Amazonian species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with a nidicolous tadpole. Herpetologica, 59, 219 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1655 / 0018 - 0831 (2003) 059 [0219: anasoc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Caldwell & Lima 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEB2876BFDE6FAE6" ID-CoL="BV2K" box="[326,558,1303,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subfolionidificans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEB2876BFDE6FAE6" box="[326,558,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. subfolionidificans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FDC98764FC59FAE6" author="Lima" box="[573,913,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Lima, A. P., Sanchez, D. E. A. & Souza, J. R. D. (2007) A new Amazonian species of the frog genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) that lays its eggs on undersides of leaves. Copeia, 2007, 114 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2007) 7 [114: anasot] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Lima, Sanchez & Souza 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC50876BFBA1FAE6" ID-CoL="BV2C" box="[932,1129,1303,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC50876BFBA1FAE6" box="[932,1129,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. paleovarzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FB858764FE95FA82" author="Lima" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Lima, A. P., Caldwell, J. P., Biavati, G. & Montanarin, A. (2010) A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Paleovarzea Forest in Amazonas, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2337, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2010">Lima, Caldwell, Biavati & Montanarin 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FE9D874FFC05FA82" ID-CoL="6699L" authority="Simoes, Saturaro, Peloso" authorityName="Simoes, Saturaro, Peloso" authorityYear="2013" box="[361,973,1340,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grillisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FE9D874FFDC2FA83" box="[361,522,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. grillisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
Simões, Saturaro,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FD16874FFC05FA82" author="Peloso" box="[738,973,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Simoes, P. I., Sturaro, M. J., Peloso, P. L. V. & Lima, A. P. (2013 a) A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira / Rio Tapajos interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3609 (3), 251 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.3.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Peloso & Lima 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBF2874FFF07FAAE" ID-CoL="65WXK" authority="Kok, Holting & Ernst 2013" authorityName="Kok, Holting & Ernst" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amissibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBF2874FFB56FA83" box="[1030,1182,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. amissibilis</emphasis>
|
||
Kok,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FB11874FFF07FAAE" author="Holting" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Kok, P. J. R., Holting, M. & Ernst, R. (2013) A third microendemic to the Iwokrama Mountains of central Guyana: a new " cryptic " species of Allobates Zimmerman and Zimmerman, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae). Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 13, 621 - 638. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0144 - 4" type="journal article" year="2013">Hölting & Ernst 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a distinct dark bat-shaped mark between the orbits followed by a diamond-shaped and a triangular or bat-shaped form;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FE0087F7FD24FA4A" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[500,748,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FE0087F7FD24FA4A" box="[500,748,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC1F87F7FB6DFA4B" ID-CoL="BV23" box="[1003,1189,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC1F87F7FB6DFA4B" box="[1003,1189,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FB4187F7FA5DFA4B" ID-CoL="5TWXH" box="[1205,1429,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FB4187F7FA5DFA4B" box="[1205,1429,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. caeruleodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF6387DBFEFAFA16" ID-CoL="5TX9N" box="[151,306,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF6387DBFEFAFA16" box="[151,306,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEB587DBFE2BFA69" box="[321,483,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEB587DBFE0EFA16" ID-CoL="5TX9L" box="[321,454,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscellus">A. fuscellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FE2687DBFE2BFA69" ID-CoL="BV2L" box="[466,483,1448,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">A</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FE0587DAFC95FA16" box="[497,861,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
sumtuosus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD8087DBFC95FA16" ID-CoL="BV2K" box="[628,861,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subfolionidificans">A. subfolionidificans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC9F87DBFBC4FA16" ID-CoL="6699L" box="[875,1036,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grillisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC9F87DBFBC4FA16" box="[875,1036,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. grillisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBB087DBFB13FA16" ID-CoL="65WXK" box="[1092,1243,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amissibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBB087DBFB13FA16" box="[1092,1243,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. amissibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size (minimum SVL> 16.0 mm in males and>
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD5FFA1FD7987BFFD3BFA32" box="[653,755,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC7E87BFFB4AFA32" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[906,1154,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC7E87BFFB4AFA32" box="[906,1154,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FA7087BFFEDFF9DE" ID-CoL="BV2S" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FA7087BFFEDFF9DE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. vanzolinius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEB88783FDD9F9DE" ID-CoL="BV2C" box="[332,529,1519,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEB88783FDD9F9DE" box="[332,529,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. paleovarzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of solid and continuous pale ventrolateral and dorsolateral stripes (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FEE28467FD7CF9FB" box="[278,692,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEE28467FE7DF9FB" ID-CoL="BV2S" box="[278,437,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinius">A. vanzolinius</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FE1A8467FD7CF9FB" ID-CoL="BV2C" box="[494,692,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">A. paleovarzensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and by the presence of a distinct oblique lateral bar (absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FA708467FDDCF986" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FA708467FEDFF986" ID-CoL="BV2S" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinius">A. vanzolinius</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FEBB844BFDDCF986" ID-CoL="BV2C" box="[335,532,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">A. paleovarzensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FDC78444FCE2F986" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[563,810,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FDC78444FCE2F986" box="[563,810,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC4B844BFB25F986" ID-CoL="65WYS" authority="Lutz 1981" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1981" box="[959,1261,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfersioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC4B844BFBA9F986" box="[959,1121,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. olfersioides</emphasis>
|
||
(Lutz 1981)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FAD0844BFEA3F9A3" ID-CoL="65X9L" authority="Bokermann 1975" authorityName="Bokermann" authorityYear="1975" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FAD0844BFA54F986" box="[1316,1436,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. goianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bokermann 1975)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a cross-like pattern on dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD5FFA1FF33840CFA54F80A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
|
||
Preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FE2E840CFD19F94E" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[474,721,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FE2E840CFD19F94E" box="[474,721,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most easily confounded with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBA184F3FABEF94E" ID-CoL="6699K" authority="Cope 1887" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[1109,1398,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBA184F3FB15F94E" box="[1109,1245,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FB1A84F3FAA7F94E" author="Cope" box="[1262,1391,1664,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Cope, E. D. (1887) Synopsis of the Batrachia and Reptilia obtained by H. H. Smith, in the province of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 24, 44 - 60." type="journal article" year="1887">Cope 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FA7084F3FF32F96B" ID-CoL="65X9N" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FA7084F3FF32F96B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FDE384D7FD47F96A" ID-CoL="65WXL" box="[535,655,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FDE384D7FD47F96A" box="[535,655,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FC5984D7FAA4F96A" ID-CoL="BV2R" authority="Myers & Donnelly 2001" authorityName="Myers & Donnelly" authorityYear="2001" box="[941,1388,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FC5984D7FBF4F96B" box="[941,1084,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly 2001)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF6384BBFD2FF936" ID-CoL="6699N" authority="Melo-Sampaio, Souza & Peloso 2013" authorityName="Melo-Sampaio, Souza & Peloso" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,743,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF6384BBFEFCF936" box="[151,308,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FEC884B4FD2FF936" author="Melo-Sampaio" box="[316,743,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Melo-Sampaio, P. R., Souza, M. B. & Peloso, P. L. V. (2013) A new, riparian, species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura: Aromobatidae) from southwestern Amazonia. Zootaxa, 3716 (3), 336 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">Melo-Sampaio, Souza & Peloso 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the presence of a distinct, dark-brown, hourglassshaped pattern on dorsum. Therefore, more detailed comparisons between these and the new species are warranted.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF63857CFE45F8FE" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[151,397,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF63857CFE45F8FE" box="[151,397,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FDEB857CFC41F8FE" ID-CoL="6699K" authority="Cope 1887" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[543,905,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FDEB857CFD3FF8FE" box="[543,759,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FCF18563FC49F8FE" author="Cope" box="[773,897,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Cope, E. D. (1887) Synopsis of the Batrachia and Reptilia obtained by H. H. Smith, in the province of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 24, 44 - 60." type="journal article" year="1887">Cope 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the color of throat in males, which is gray in preserved specimens (cream to yellowish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD738547FCC5F89B" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[647,781,1844,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD738547FCC5F89B" box="[647,781,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and grayish-violet in life (yellow in live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FB158547FAA0F89B" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[1249,1384,1844,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FB158547FAA0F89B" box="[1249,1384,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by females with yellow throat in life (white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD8A852BFCCEF8A6" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[638,774,1879,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD8A852BFCCEF8A6" box="[638,774,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by males and females with heads of similar width (males have relatively wider heads than females in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD42850FFC8CF843" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[694,836,1916,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD42850FFC8CF843" box="[694,836,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by internarinal distance 39–48% of head width (internarinal distance 38% of head width in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FD8A85D2FCCDF86F" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[638,773,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FD8A85D2FCCDF86F" box="[638,773,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by a Finger I visibly longer than Finger II (slightly longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FF4C85B7FE8CF80B" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[184,324,1988,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FF4C85B7FE8CF80B" box="[184,324,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Finger II slightly longer than Finger IV (visibly longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD5FFA1FBED85B7FB6DF80B" ID-CoL="6699K" box="[1049,1189,1988,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FBED85B7FB6DF80B" box="[1049,1189,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFD5FFA1FB3685B7FA59F80A" author="Lima" box="[1218,1425,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" refString="Lima, A. P., Caldwell, J. P. & Strussmann, C. (2009) Redescription of Allobates brunneus (Cope) 1887 (Anura: Aromobatidae: Allobatinae), with a description of the tadpole, call, and reproductive behavior. Zootaxa, 1988, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD5FFA1FAFF85B6FA88F80B" box="[1291,1344,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD6FFA2FF6382E4FBB7FE7A" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FF6382E4FE58FF66" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[151,400,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FF6382E4FE58FF66" box="[151,400,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FDDF82EBFD67FF66" ID-CoL="65X9N" box="[555,687,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FDDF82EBFD67FF66" box="[555,687,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”) by the color of throat in males, which is gray in preserved and grayish-violet in life (translucent-white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FC7782CFFBCFFF03" ID-CoL="65X9N" box="[899,1031,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FC7782CFFBCFFF03" box="[899,1031,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; by a ventrolateral stripe absent or diffuse in live or preserved specimens (evident and continuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FC7E8293FBC6FF2E" ID-CoL="65X9N" box="[906,1038,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FC7E8293FBC6FF2E" box="[906,1038,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and by the presence of a distinct oblique lateral bar (absent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FE368377FD8CFECB" ID-CoL="65X9N" box="[450,580,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FE368377FD8CFECB" box="[450,580,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FD548376FD10FECB" box="[672,728,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FCDA8377FBECFECA" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[814,1060,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FCDA8377FBECFECA" box="[814,1060,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FB4D8377FAF8FECA" ID-CoL="65WXL" box="[1209,1328,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FB4D8377FAF8FECA" box="[1209,1328,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morales 2000 “2002”) by its larger size (minimum SVL> 16.0 mm in males and>
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD6FFA2FC1C835BFB85FEE9" box="[1000,1101,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FB1A835BFA5BFE96" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[1262,1427,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FB1A835BFA5BFE96" box="[1262,1427,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; maximum SVL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD6FFA2FE9F833FFE1AFEB2" box="[363,466,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FE08833FFDBDFEB2" ID-CoL="65WXL" box="[508,629,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FE08833FFDBDFEB2" box="[508,629,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by a Finger III not swollen in males (Finger III swollen in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FA70833FFF26FE5E" ID-CoL="65WXL" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FA70833FFF26FE5E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by the absence or presence of diffuse ventrolateral and dorsolateral stripes (both present and conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FF4083E7FEE2FE7A" ID-CoL="65WXL" box="[180,298,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FF4083E7FEE2FE7A" box="[180,298,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the presence of a distinct oblique lateral bar (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FC0C83E7FBA6FE7A" ID-CoL="65WXL" box="[1016,1134,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FC0C83E7FBA6FE7A" box="[1016,1134,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFD6FFA2FF6384BFFE83F8C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" targetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD6FFA2FF6384BFFE83F8C9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1740,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FF6384BFFEDEF937" bold="true" box="[151,278,1740,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD6FFA2FC2584BFFB7CF934" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[977,1204,1740,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD6FFA2FC2584BFFB7CF934" box="[977,1204,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70% ethanol. Photographs by A.P. Lima and W.E. Magnusson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFD7FFA3FF638102FC2FFC70" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD7FFA3FF638102FC2FFC70" blockId="7.[151,1436,881,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FF638102FEDDFC50" bold="true" box="[151,277,881,903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand and foot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FE298102FD77FC51" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[477,703,881,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FE298102FD77FC51" box="[477,703,881,903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD7FFA3FF3381A1FAE8FB49" blockId="7.[151,1437,978,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FF3381A1FE6EFC3D" ID-CoL="BV2R" box="[199,422,978,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FF3381A1FE6EFC3D" box="[199,422,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Allobates undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Venezuelan Amazonia, and is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FB3481A0FAADFC3D" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[1216,1381,979,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FB3481A0FAADFC3D" box="[1216,1381,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger body-size (minimum SVL of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FD9A8184FD34FBD9" ID-CoL="BV2R" box="[622,764,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FD9A8184FD34FBD9" box="[622,764,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
>
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD7FFA3FCE88185FC4CFBD9" box="[796,900,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="19.6">19.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum SVL of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FB518184FA83FBD9" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[1189,1355,1015,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FB518184FA83FBD9" box="[1189,1355,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD7FFA3FA9F8185FF0CFBE5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="19.6">19.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and by a solid black lateral stripe on flank, not limited ventrally by iridescent-white spots or by a diffuse iridescent ventrolateral line (lateral stripe on flank is dark-brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC6D864CFBF7FB81" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[921,1087,1087,1111]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC6D864CFBF7FB81" box="[921,1087,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, interrupted by a distinct palebrown oblique lateral bar at mid body and limited ventrally by the presence of a diffuse, iridescent-white ventrolateral line, that may appear as a series of irisdescent spots of irregular shape in most specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD7FFA3FF3386D9FB58F999" blockId="7.[151,1437,978,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FF3386D9FE76FB15" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[199,446,1194,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FF3386D9FE76FB15" box="[199,446,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FDA686D8FD27FB15" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[594,751,1194,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FDA686D8FD27FB15" box="[594,751,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having absent or diffuse ventrolateral stripes (present and continuous in live and preserved males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FD8386BCFCDDFB31" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[631,789,1230,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FD8386BCFCDDFB31" box="[631,789,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by the presence of a distinct oblique pale brown lateral bar (short, diffuse, not surpassing the inguinal region in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FCF98680FC62FADD" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[781,938,1266,1291]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FCF98680FC62FADD" box="[781,938,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by the presence of basal webbing between Toes II-III and III-IV (basal webbing absent between toes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC678764FBF0FAF9" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[915,1080,1302,1327]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC678764FBF0FAF9" box="[915,1080,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and by advertisement calls characterized by the continuous emission of single notes, and eventually of note-pairs, always split by regular silent intervals (advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FDFA872CFD65FAA1" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[526,685,1374,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FDFA872CFD65FAA1" box="[526,685,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consist predominantly of the emission of note-pairs or groups of 2–10 notes separated by irregular intervals). Morphometric ratios of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC5787F1FB52FA4D" ID-CoL="5TWZ4" box="[931,1178,1410,1435]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC5787F1FB52FA4D" box="[931,1178,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD7FFA3FB4187F1FADFFA4D" box="[1205,1303,1410,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
differ from those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD7FFA3FED187D5FE4FFA69" box="[293,391,1446,1471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FE5B87D4FD86FA69" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[431,590,1446,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FE5B87D4FD86FA69" box="[431,590,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by head width 90% of head length (head width equal to head length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FA7087D4FEDDFA35" ID-CoL="6699N" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FA7087D4FEDDFA35" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); snout 48 % of head length (snout 21.5 % of head length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC1187B8FB4DFA35" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[997,1157,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC1187B8FB4DFA35" box="[997,1157,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); eye-to-nostril distance (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD7FFA3FF6A879CFF13F9D1" box="[158,219,1519,1543]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
) 22% smaller then eye-diameter (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFD7FFA3FDA8879CFD5FF9D1" box="[604,663,1519,1543]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
25% greater than ED in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC41879CFB9BF9D1" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[949,1107,1518,1543]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC41879CFB9BF9D1" box="[949,1107,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); forearm thicker than upper arm, 75% of upper arm length (forearm slender, 88.3% of upper arm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC318460FBABF9FD" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[965,1123,1554,1579]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC318460FBABF9FD" box="[965,1123,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tibia length 50% and foot length 49.5% of SVL (tibia length 49.7% and foot length 47.9% of SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD7FFA3FC178444FB48F999" ID-CoL="6699N" box="[995,1152,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FC178444FB48F999" box="[995,1152,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566508FFD7FFB2FF338429FF1AFA71" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD7FFACFF338429FD71FE06" blockId="7.[151,1437,978,2012]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD7FFA3FF338429FE2FF9A5" bold="true" box="[199,487,1626,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD7FFA3FE8D8429FE2AF9A5" box="[377,482,1626,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male, with SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD7FFA3FCC28428FC61F9A4" box="[822,937,1627,1651]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.821" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="18.21">18.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFD7FFA3FC4C8429FBD4F9A5" box="[952,1052,1626,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measurements presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFD7FFA3FAAA8429FF6CF941" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[127,213,518,540]" captionTargetBox="[134,1809,607,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of adult male and female Allobates magnussoni collected from its type locality and from Fazenda Treviso, both in Pará State, Brazil. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Values are: mean ± standard deviation (range of variation)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" tableUuid="DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Head slightly wider than long, head length 90% of head width, head width 33% of SVL; snout round to nearly truncate in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD7FFA3FCA784D1FC5DF96D" box="[851,917,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C), tip of snout extending past lower jaw anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD7FFA3FEE784B5FE9AF909" box="[275,338,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D); snout length 48% of head length; internarial distance 44% of head width; distance from eye to nostril 78% of eye length; nares opening posterolaterally; tympanum round, 46% of eye length; tympanic membrane inconspicuous; tongue nearly twice as long as wide, attached anteriorly, rounded along posterior margin; median lingual process absent; vocal sac and vocal slits present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD7FFA3FC188541FBE6F89D" box="[1004,1070,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D). Teeth on premaxilla and maxilla are imperceptible under light microscope at
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFD7FFA3FCE48525FC88F8B9" box="[784,832,1878,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="362" value="1950-10">50X</date>
|
||
magnification. Dorsum has a distinct dark brown hourglass marking on the anterior to mid dorsal surface, consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the approximate shape of a bat, the second approximately diamond-shaped, and the third similar to the first, but with opposite orientation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD7FFA3FDC385B0FDB1F80D" box="[567,633,1987,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="362">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C); the skin is smooth on dorsal and ventral surfaces, with small scattered tubercles on the urostyle region; forearm thicker than upper arm, 75% of upper arm length; HAND III length 26% of SVL; Finger I
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD8FFACFE1382CFFDF6FF02" box="[487,574,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
longer than Finger II; Finger II slightly shorter than Finger IV (HAND II =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD8FFACFF6382ACFF38FF21" box="[151,240,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HAND IV =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD8FFACFE7982ACFE2EFF2E" box="[397,486,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
); tip of Finger IV reaching past distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III when fingers are juxtaposed; Relative length of fingers: III> I> II = IV; Fingers I and III swollen only basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD8FFACFB068377FAFFFECA" box="[1266,1335,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); fingers not webbed, with no lateral fringes; palmar tubercle nearly round,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD8FFACFC8D8354FC14FEE9" box="[889,988,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum diameter, 14% of Hand III length; width of thenar tubercle about 53% the diameter of palmar tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD8FFACFBE9833FFBADFEB2" box="[1053,1125,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); one subarticular tubercle present on Fingers I, II and IV; two subarticular tubercles present on Finger III; distal tubercles on Finger III small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD8FFACFF6B83E7FF29FE7A" box="[159,225,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F); discs on all fingers moderately expanded, with distinct dorsal scutes; width of disc on Finger III
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFD8FFACFA9F83E7FF0DFE19" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width of finger 60% the disc width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFD8FFACFD9283C4FD63FE06" box="[614,683,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFD8FFACFF6384B6FF1CF806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" targetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD8FFACFF6384B6FF1CF806" blockId="8.[151,1436,1732,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD8FFACFF6384B6FEDBF90C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1733,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Color in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD8FFACFE4984B7FD55F90D" box="[445,669,1732,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD8FFACFE4984B7FD55F90D" box="[445,669,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A.P. Lima.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFD9FFADFF63854CFBF1F838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFD9FFADFF63854CFBF1F838" blockId="9.[151,1436,1855,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD9FFADFF63854CFEDDF882" bold="true" box="[151,277,1855,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved females (A–C) and males (D–F) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFD9FFADFCF0854CFC2EF883" box="[772,998,1855,1877]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFD9FFADFCF0854CFC2EF883" box="[772,998,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A–C) or trapezoidal (D–F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A–F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G–I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F=female, M=male, numbers correspond to original field numbers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" ID-Table-UUID="DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" targetBox="[134,1809,607,1679]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" blockId="10.[119,1852,518,569]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFF8B8075FF27FDCA" bold="true" box="[127,239,518,540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements (in mm) of adult male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDAFFAEFC778074FBABFDCA" box="[899,1123,519,540]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFC778074FBABFDCA" box="[899,1123,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from its type locality and from Fazenda Treviso, both in Pará State, Brazil. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Values are: mean ± standard deviation (range of variation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDAFFAEFE3F802CF923F959" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<table id="F94CC423FFDA005BFF72802CF8D9F959" box="[134,1809,607,1679]" gridcols="5" gridrows="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72802CF8D9FDA3" box="[134,1809,607,629]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F802CFBF6FDA3" box="[459,1086,607,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFE3F802CFC95FDA3" bold="true" box="[459,861,607,629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">PARNA da Amazônia (Type locality)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89802CFA5CFDA3" box="[1149,1428,607,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFB8A802CFB18FDA3" bold="true" box="[1150,1232,607,629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Treviso</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7280FFF8D9FD74" box="[134,1809,652,674]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7280FFFEDAFD74" box="[134,274,652,674]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFF7280FFFF3DFD74" bold="true" box="[134,245,652,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB480FFFE6BFD74" box="[320,419,652,674]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFEB480FFFE6BFD74" bold="true" box="[320,419,652,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F80FFFBF6FD74" box="[459,1086,652,674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFE3F80FFFC06FD74" bold="true" box="[459,974,652,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFDEF80FEFDE1FD74" bold="true" box="[539,553,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14) Females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFC7B80FEFC55FD74" bold="true" box="[911,925,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8980FFFA5CFD74" box="[1149,1428,652,674]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFB8A80FFFAD0FD74" bold="true" box="[1150,1304,652,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Males (n = 11)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F80FFF8D9FD74" box="[1531,1809,652,674]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDAFFAEFA0F80FFF969FD74" bold="true" box="[1531,1697,652,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Females (n = 3)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7280CBF8D9FD0A" box="[134,1809,696,732]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7280CBFEDAFD0A" box="[134,274,696,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1-SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB480CBFE6BFD0A" box="[320,419,696,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">18.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F80CBFBF6FD0A" box="[459,1086,696,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">17.77 ± 0.96 (16.09–19.59) 19.48 ± 0.82 (17.97–20.84)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8980CBFA5CFD0A" box="[1149,1428,696,732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">18.01 ± 0.38 (17.36–18.71)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F80CBF8D9FD0A" box="[1531,1809,696,732]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">19.53 ± 0.62 (18.81–19.90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728090F8D9FCD1" box="[134,1809,739,775]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728090FEDAFCD1" box="[134,274,739,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2-HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48090FE6BFCD1" box="[320,419,739,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8090FBF6FCD1" box="[459,1086,739,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.40 ± 0.30 (4.90–6.00) 5.68 ± 0.15 (5.40–5.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898090FA5CFCD1" box="[1149,1428,739,775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.54 ± 0.15 (5.20–5.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8090F8D9FCD1" box="[1531,1809,739,775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.80 ± 0.10 (5.70–5.90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72817DF8D9FCE4" box="[134,1809,782,818]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF72817DFEDAFCE4" box="[134,274,782,818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3-IO</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB4817DFE6BFCE4" box="[320,419,782,818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.40</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F817DFBF6FCE4" box="[459,1086,782,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.45 ± 0.26 (5.00–5.90) 5.55 ± 0.21 (5.30–5.90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89817DFA5CFCE4" box="[1149,1428,782,818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.33 ± 0.15 (5.10–5.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F817DF8D9FCE4" box="[1531,1809,782,818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.53 ± 0.25 (5.30–5.80)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72814AF8D9FC8B" box="[134,1809,825,861]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF72814AFEDAFC8B" box="[134,274,825,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4-HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB4814AFE6BFC8B" box="[320,419,825,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">6.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F814AFBF6FC8B" box="[459,1086,825,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">6.08 ± 0.22 (5.70–6.40) 6.45 ± 0.12 (6.20–6.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89814AFA5CFC8B" box="[1149,1428,825,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">6.14 ± 0.13 (6.00–6.40)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F814AF8D9FC8B" box="[1531,1809,825,861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">6.23 ± 0.21 (6.00–6.40)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728117F8D9FC5E" box="[134,1809,868,904]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728117FEDAFC5E" box="[134,274,868,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5-SL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48117FE6BFC5E" box="[320,419,868,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8117FBF6FC5E" box="[459,1086,868,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.48 ± 0.23 (2.00–2.75) 2.72 ± 0.28 (2.30–3.10)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898117FA5CFC5E" box="[1149,1428,868,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.75 ± 0.13 (2.50–2.95)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8117F8D9FC5E" box="[1531,1809,868,904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.82 ± 0.08 (2.75–2.90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7281FCF8D9FC65" box="[134,1809,911,947]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7281FCFEDAFC65" box="[134,274,911,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">6-END</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB481FCFE6BFC65" box="[320,419,911,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F81FCFBF6FC65" box="[459,1086,911,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.77 ± 0.12 (1.50–1.95) 1.85 ± 0.14 (1.65–2.15)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8981FCFA5CFC65" box="[1149,1428,911,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.76 ± 0.09 (1.60–1.90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F81FCF8D9FC65" box="[1531,1809,911,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.82 ± 0.03 (1.80–1.85)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7281C9F8D9FC08" box="[134,1809,954,990]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7281C9FEDAFC08" box="[134,274,954,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">7-IN</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB481C9FE6BFC08" box="[320,419,954,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F81C9FBF6FC08" box="[459,1086,954,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.64 ± 0.10 (2.50–2.80) 2.83 ± 0.16 (2.60–3.15)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8981C9FA5CFC08" box="[1149,1428,954,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.69 ± 0.13 (2.45–2.90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F81C9F8D9FC08" box="[1531,1809,954,990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.83 ± 0.08 (2.75–2.90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728196F8D9FBDF" box="[134,1809,997,1033]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728196FEDAFBDF" box="[134,274,997,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8-EL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48196FE6BFBDF" box="[320,419,997,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8196FBF6FBDF" box="[459,1086,997,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.46 ± 0.12 (2.25–2.70) 2.67 ± 0.09 (2.50–2.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898196FA5CFBDF" box="[1149,1428,997,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">2.85 ± 0.20 (2.60–3.25)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8196F8D9FBDF" box="[1531,1809,997,1033]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.02 ± 0.23 (2.80–3.25)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728663F8D9FBE3" box="[134,1809,1040,1077]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728663FEDAFBE3" box="[134,274,1040,1077]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">9-TYM</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48663FE6BFBE3" box="[320,419,1040,1077]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8663FBF6FBE3" box="[459,1086,1040,1077]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.02 ± 0.15 (0.75–1.25) 1.14 ± 0.14 (1.00–1.35)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898663FA5CFBE3" box="[1149,1428,1040,1077]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.20 ± 0.13 (1.00–1.45)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8663F8D9FBE3" box="[1531,1809,1040,1077]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">1.13 ± 0.06 (1.10–1.20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728648F8D9FBB6" box="[134,1809,1083,1120]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728648FEDAFBB6" box="[134,274,1083,1120]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">10-FAL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48648FE6BFBB6" box="[320,419,1083,1120]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8648FBF6FBB6" box="[459,1086,1083,1120]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.76 ± 0.15 (3.50–4.00) 3.81 ± 0.20 (3.50–4.00)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898648FA5CFBB6" box="[1149,1428,1083,1120]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.95 ± 0.17 (3.50–4.10)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8648F8D9FBB6" box="[1531,1809,1083,1120]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.10 ± 0.10 (4.00–4.20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728615F8D9FB5C" box="[134,1809,1126,1162]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728615FEDAFB5C" box="[134,274,1126,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">11-AL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48615FE6BFB5C" box="[320,419,1126,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8615FBF6FB5C" box="[459,1086,1126,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.79 ± 0.38 (4.20–5.50) 4.93 ± 0.46 (4.40–5.50)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898615FA5CFB5C" box="[1149,1428,1126,1162]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.90 ± 0.20 (4.50–5.00)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8615F8D9FB5C" box="[1531,1809,1126,1162]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">5.00 ± 0.00 (5.00–5.00)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7286E2F8D9FB60" box="[134,1809,1169,1206]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7286E2FEDAFB60" box="[134,274,1169,1206]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">12-THL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB486E2FE6BFB60" box="[320,419,1169,1206]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.90</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F86E2FBF6FB60" box="[459,1086,1169,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.55 ± 0.44 (7.50–9.00) 9.03 ± 0.20 (8.70–9.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8986E2FA5CFB60" box="[1149,1428,1169,1206]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.60 ± 0.35 (8.10–9.20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F86E2F8D9FB60" box="[1531,1809,1169,1206]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.73 ± 0.49 (8.40–9.30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7286CFF8D9FB36" box="[134,1809,1212,1248]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7286CFFEDAFB36" box="[134,274,1212,1248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">13-TL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB486CFFE6BFB36" box="[320,419,1212,1248]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">9.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F86CFFBF6FB36" box="[459,1086,1212,1248]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.78 ± 0.46 (8.00–9.60) 9.14 ± 0.33 (8.70–9.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8986CFFA5CFB36" box="[1149,1428,1212,1248]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.84 ± 0.38 (8.50–9.50)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F86CFF8D9FB36" box="[1531,1809,1212,1248]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.90 ± 0.44 (8.60–9.40)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72869BF8D9FADA" box="[134,1809,1256,1292]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF72869BFEDAFADA" box="[134,274,1256,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">14- FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB4869BFE6BFADA" box="[320,419,1256,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">9.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F869BFBF6FADA" box="[459,1086,1256,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.24 ± 0.52 (7.50–9.30) 8.53 ± 0.35 (8.00–9.00)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89869BFA5CFADA" box="[1149,1428,1256,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">8.91 ± 0.50 (8.10–9.70)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F869BF8D9FADA" box="[1531,1809,1256,1292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">9.07 ± 0.67 (8.50–9.80)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728761F8D9FAE1" box="[134,1809,1298,1335]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728761FEDAFAE1" box="[134,274,1298,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">15- HAND I</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48761FE6BFAE1" box="[320,419,1298,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8761FBF6FAE1" box="[459,1086,1298,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.56 ± 0.30 (2.90–4.00) 3.77 ± 0.24 (3.50–4.20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898761FA5CFAE1" box="[1149,1428,1298,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.96 ± 0.09 (3.80–4.10)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8761F8D9FAE1" box="[1531,1809,1298,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.87 ± 0.23 (3.60–4.00)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72874DF8D9FAB4" box="[134,1809,1342,1378]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF72874DFEDAFAB4" box="[134,274,1342,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">16-HAND II</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB4874DFE6BFAB4" box="[320,419,1342,1378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F874DFBF6FAB4" box="[459,1086,1342,1378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.35 ± 0.18 (2.90-3.50) 3.55 ± 0.14 (3.40–3.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89874DFA5CFAB4" box="[1149,1428,1342,1378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.47 ± 0.13 (3.30–3.70)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F874DF8D9FAB4" box="[1531,1809,1342,1378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.40 ± 0.10 (3.30–3.50)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF72871AF8D9FA5B" box="[134,1809,1385,1421]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF72871AFEDAFA5B" box="[134,274,1385,1421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">17-HAND III</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB4871AFE6BFA5B" box="[320,419,1385,1421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F871AFBF6FA5B" box="[459,1086,1385,1421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.63 ± 0.26 (4.00–5.00) 4.85 ± 0.28 (4.60–5.40)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB89871AFA5CFA5B" box="[1149,1428,1385,1421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.75 ± 0.24 (4.40–5.10)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F871AF8D9FA5B" box="[1531,1809,1385,1421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">4.73 ± 0.25 (4.50–5.00)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7287E7F8D9FA6E" box="[134,1809,1428,1464]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7287E7FEDAFA6E" box="[134,274,1428,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">18-HAND IV</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB487E7FE6BFA6E" box="[320,419,1428,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F87E7FBF6FA6E" box="[459,1086,1428,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.36 ± 0.18 (3.00–3.70) 3.45 ± 0.21 (3.20–3.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8987E7FA5CFA6E" box="[1149,1428,1428,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.48 ± 0.06 (3.40–3.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F87E7F8D9FA6E" box="[1531,1809,1428,1464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">3.40 ± 0.10 (3.30–3.50)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF7287CCF8D9FA35" box="[134,1809,1471,1507]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF7287CCFEDAFA35" box="[134,274,1471,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">19-WFD</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB487CCFE6BFA35" box="[320,419,1471,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F87CCFBF6FA35" box="[459,1086,1471,1507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.63 ± 0.07 (0.50–0.75) 0.63 ± 0.40 (0.60–0.70)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB8987CCFA5CFA35" box="[1149,1428,1471,1507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.68 ± 0.04 (0.65–0.75)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F87CCF8D9FA35" box="[1531,1809,1471,1507]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.70 ± 0.05 (0.65–0.75)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728799F8D9F9D8" box="[134,1809,1514,1550]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728799FEDAF9D8" box="[134,274,1514,1550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">20-DPT</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48799FE6BF9D8" box="[320,419,1514,1550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8799FBF6F9D8" box="[459,1086,1514,1550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.59 ± 0.09 (0.45–0.80) 0.64 ± 0.08 (0.55–0.75)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898799FA5CF9D8" box="[1149,1428,1514,1550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.67 ± 0.10 (0.50–0.90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8799F8D9F9D8" box="[1531,1809,1514,1550]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.72 ± 0.03 (0.70–0.75)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728466F8D9F9EF" box="[134,1809,1557,1593]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728466FEDAF9EF" box="[134,274,1557,1593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">21-WTT</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48466FE6BF9EF" box="[320,419,1557,1593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8466FBF6F9EF" box="[459,1086,1557,1593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.33 ± 0.06 (0.25–0.50) 0.32 ± 0.06 (0.25–0.40)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898466FA5CF9EF" box="[1149,1428,1557,1593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.40 ± 0.04 (0.35–0.45)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8466F8D9F9EF" box="[1531,1809,1557,1593]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.42 ± 0.03 (0.40–0.45)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728433F8D9F9B2" box="[134,1809,1600,1636]" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728433FEDAF9B2" box="[134,274,1600,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">22-WPF</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48433FE6BF9B2" box="[320,419,1600,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8433FBF6F9B2" box="[459,1086,1600,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.44 ± 0.05 (0.35–0.50) 0.40 ± 0.04 (0.35–0.45)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898433FA5CF9B2" box="[1149,1428,1600,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.45 ± 0.02 (0.45–0.50)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8433F8D9F9B2" box="[1531,1809,1600,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.43 ± 0.06 (0.40–0.50)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C1FFDA005BFF728418F8D9F959" box="[134,1809,1643,1679]" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFF728418FEDAF959" box="[134,274,1643,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">23-WTD</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFEB48418FE6BF959" box="[320,419,1643,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFE3F8418FBF6F959" box="[459,1086,1643,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.77 ± 0.08 (0.60–0.95) 0.80 ± 0.04 (0.75–0.85)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFB898418FA5CF959" box="[1149,1428,1643,1679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.88 ± 0.06 (0.75–0.95)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DBDFFDA005BFA0F8418F8D9F959" box="[1531,1809,1643,1679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">0.87 ± 0.03 (0.85–0.90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDBFFAFFF3382E4FA9DFE7A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">
|
||
Hindlimb is robust; leg length 97% of tibia length and 49% of SVL; tibia length 50% of SVL; foot length 49% of SVL; relative length of toes IV> III> V> II> I; basal webbing present only between Toes II-III and III-IV; lateral fringes absent on all toes, Toe I reaching middle of subarticular tubercle of Toe II when appressed; discs on Toes II, III, IV and V larger than width of toes; disc on Toe I slightly wider than width of toe; disc width of Toe IV
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFDBFFAFFF638354FECBFEE9" box="[151,259,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
; inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle round; median metatarsal tubercle absent. Metatarsal fold present and weak; tarsal keel tubercle-like and strongly curved at proximal end, located 1.0 mm from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle, connected by a fold (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDBFFAFFC46831CFC31FE5E" box="[946,1017,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). One subarticular tubercle on Toes I and II; two on Toes III and V; three on Toe IV. Basal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV poorly defined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDBFFAFFAF683E7FA8FFE7A" box="[1282,1351,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFDBFFAFFF6384E3FEFDF8F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252761/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[185,1339,509,1626]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDBFFAFFF6384E3FEFDF8F7" blockId="11.[151,1436,1680,1825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFF6384E3FEDDF973" bold="true" box="[151,277,1680,1702]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of 36 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDBFFAFFD8284E3FC90F970" box="[630,856,1680,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFD8284E3FC90F970" box="[630,856,1680,1702]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males and females pooled) along the first and second dimensions of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from 15 morphometric ratios commonly used in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDBFFAFFAC884DCFA54F913" box="[1340,1436,1711,1733]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFAC884DCFA54F913" box="[1340,1436,1711,1733]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species descriptions (see text). Note that samples from opposite sides of the Tapajós River do not form distinct clusters (P= Parque Nacional da Amazônia, the species type locality on west riverbank; T=Treviso and J=Jamanxim, both located on the east riverbank).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDBFFA8FF33853EFDBCFE22" blockId="11.[151,1436,1869,2038]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFF33853EFDE9F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,545,1869,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">
|
||
Variation within
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDBFFAFFE6D853EFE04F8B0" box="[409,460,1869,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The first and second dimensions of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from 15 morphometric ratios do not show differences between groups of specimens collected on opposite sides of the Tapajós River (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDBFFAFFDC485E6FDBDF878" box="[560,629,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[185,1339,509,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,481,1659]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of 36 specimens of Allobates magnussoni (males and females pooled) along the first and second dimensions of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from 15 morphometric ratios commonly used in Allobates species descriptions (see text). Note that samples from opposite sides of the Tapajós River do not form distinct clusters (P = Parque Nacional da Amazônia, the species type locality on west riverbank; T = Treviso and J = Jamanxim, both located on the east riverbank)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252761/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
; T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFD3B85E5FD1FF87B" box="[719,727,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">t</emphasis>
|
||
= -0.47, d.f. = 34, P = 0.60, first component, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFAFC85E5FAD8F87B" box="[1288,1296,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">t</emphasis>
|
||
= -0.47, d.f. = 34, P = 0.64, second component). Eight females had SVL significantly larger than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDBFFAFFBBD85C9FB64F804" box="[1097,1196,1977,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="366" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(T-test:
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDBFFAFFAFE85C8FADAF804" box="[1290,1298,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="366">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.9, d.f. = 34, P <0.0001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in most of the morphometric ratios between sexes (measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDCFFA8FDE882E4FDBAFF66" box="[540,626,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[127,213,518,540]" captionTargetBox="[134,1809,607,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of adult male and female Allobates magnussoni collected from its type locality and from Fazenda Treviso, both in Pará State, Brazil. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Values are: mean ± standard deviation (range of variation)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" tableUuid="DF33660BFFDAFFAEFF8B8075FB10FDEF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Therefore we describe variation in mean of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FB6082E4FAF8FF66" box="[1172,1328,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
together, regardless of sex unless otherwise noted. HW 34 ± 0.01 (31–36)% of SVL; SL 48 ± 0.04 (40–56)% of HL; IN 44 ± 0.02 (39–48)% of HW; EN distance 29 ± 0.02 (25–33)% of HW; tympanic membrane inconspicuous, round, 42 ± 0.05 (36–48)% of EL; skin smooth on dorsal and ventral surfaces, with scattered tubercles more concentrated on the urostyle region and present in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD438354FD34FE96" box="[695,764,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsolateral stripe absent in 15 and diffuse in 21 preserved specimens (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FEAD833FFE55FEB2" box="[345,413,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), diffuse or absent in live specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FCBC833FFC40FEB2" box="[840,904,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC5A833FFC27FEB2" box="[942,1007,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C); ventrolateral stripe is absent or diffuse as small irregular iridescent-white spots present on flank in specimens from PNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB57831CFB29FE5E" box="[1187,1249,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FAD5831CFAA9FE5E" box="[1313,1377,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, G, H). In live and preserved specimens from Treviso and Jamanxim the ventrolateral line is diffuse, appearing as a wavy series of elongate, interconnected iridescent-white spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC9C83C4FC64FE06" box="[872,940,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, I); an oblique lateral bar is present in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FEEF83AFFEACFE22" box="[283,356,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FE5883AFFE24FE22" box="[428,492,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, G, H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDCFFA8FF33838CFC9AFD39" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">
|
||
Variation of limb proportions among
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FD84838CFCC6FDCE" box="[624,782,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
: forearm 79 ± 5 (67–93)% of upper arm; HAND
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFDCFFA8FAB08073FA4CFDCE" box="[1348,1412,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" value="1926-03">III 26</date>
|
||
± 1.0 (22–28)% of SVL; palmar tubercle nearly round, diameter 14 ± 2.0 (10–18)% of HAND III; subarticular tubercles on fingers similar in size and number to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDCFFA8FCB98034FC67FDB6" box="[845,943,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FC26803BFBA2FDB6" box="[978,1130,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB8C8034FB74FDB6" box="[1144,1212,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), distal tubercles on Finger III in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FEDF801FFE7EFD53" box="[299,438,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
almost inconspicuous. Finger III weakly larger in males; width at middle section of the third phalange on Finger III in males 0.69 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFDCFFA8FD7780FCFD18FD7E" box="[643,720,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" unit="in" value="0.05">0.05 in</quantity>
|
||
average, significantly greater than in females (mean 0.63 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFDCFFA8FA9F80E3FF0EFD1A" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
; T-test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDCFFA8FEEA80C6FEEEFD1A" box="[286,294,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">t</emphasis>
|
||
= -3.2, d.f. = 34, P = 0.003). Finger IV with nearly the same length (99.7 ± 3.8 [91–100]%) of Finger II; length of Finger
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFDCFFA8FE8080ABFE7CFD26" box="[372,436,728,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" value="1973-04">IV 73</date>
|
||
± 3 (69–83)% the length of Finger I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDCFFA8FF33808EFD1CFC56" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">
|
||
Legs slightly longer in males than in females, TL/SVL ratio in males 0.49 ± 0.02, significantly greater than in females (0.47 ± 0.02, T-test
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDCFFA8FE148152FE20FCEE" box="[480,488,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">t</emphasis>
|
||
= -3.93, d.f. = 34, P <0.0001); FL/SVL ratio in males 0.46 ± 0.03, significantly greater than in females (0.45 ± 0.02, T-test,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDCFFA8FD678136FD53FC8A" box="[659,667,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">t</emphasis>
|
||
= -2.97, d.f. = 34, P = 0.005); FL 47.8 ± 3.0 (42–54)% of SVL in males and 44.5 ± 2.5 (41–49)% of SVL in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDCFFA8FF3381FFFC6FF9DE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDCFFA8FF3381FFFDFDFC73" bold="true" box="[199,565,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Color of adults in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Color of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDCFFA8FD2081FFFCFEFC73" box="[724,822,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB8181FFFB7CFC72" box="[1141,1204,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D. The following description of color in preservative was based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FD2581DCFCA3FC1E" box="[721,875,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FC8F81DCFC2AFC1E" box="[891,994,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="male">25 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FBE881C3FB54FC1E" box="[1052,1180,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
|
||
). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FB2581C3FAA5FC1E" box="[1233,1389,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, the background surface of dorsum is generally brown, pale brown in five specimens (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB9C81A7FB62FC3A" box="[1128,1194,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F) and dark brown in one specimen from Jamanxim. In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FDB6818BFD17FBC6" box="[578,735,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking appears on dorsum, extending from between the orbits to mid-body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FCC3866FFCB2FBE2" box="[823,890,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC55866FFC2DFBE2" box="[929,997,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). In five specimens, this mark is lighter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FF1B864CFEFBFB8E" box="[239,307,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FE8D8633FDDBFB8E" box="[377,531,1087,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, a dorsolateral stripe is diffuse and extends from above the eye to mid-body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FA9B864CFF6EFBAA" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, E, F). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FEDE8617FE0CFBAB" box="[298,452,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, it is inconspicuous (similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDCFFA8FCB98617FC7AFBAB" box="[845,946,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC498617FC33FBAA" box="[957,1019,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, and a female,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB498617FB37FBAA" box="[1213,1279,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The upper surface of the arm is cream in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FE0786FBFD44FB76" box="[499,652,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
and brown in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FCC686F4FC06FB76" box="[818,974,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. The dorsal surface of leg and foot same color of dorsum, with a dark-brown transversal bar at the middle section of thigh and shank. Transverse bars line up when thighs and shanks are juxtaposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD9B86BCFD7DFB3E" box="[623,693,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). In all specimens, the dorsum of foot is the same color of dorsum with two or three diffuse dark brown stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD018687FCF1FADA" box="[757,825,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). Ventrolateral stripe is absent or diffuse as small irregular white spots on flank in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA8FDE7876BFD65FAE6" box="[531,685,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDCFFA8FCDF8764FC58FAE6" box="[811,912,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC698764FC16FAE6" box="[925,990,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). In six specimens from Treviso and Jamanxim it appears as a wavy series of elongate interconnected white spot. The lateral surface below the darkbrown lateral band is cream with whitish spots in some specimens (as in the hototype,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB83872CFB7FFAAE" box="[1143,1207,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The dark-brown lateral band is interrupted by a distinct oblique light-brown bar at mid-body. Tympanum is dark-brown at its dorsal half and cream ventrally in all specimens. Reproductive females have a cream throat, chest, and belly without melanophores; males have light to dark vocal sac and upper chest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC7E87BFFC04FA32" box="[906,972,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I). A pale paracloacal mark is present, cream colored, small, not moon-shaped, in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FCD6879CFCADF9DE" box="[802,869,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved females (A – C) and males (D – F) of Allobates magnussoni showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note brown background color with a distinct dark-brown hourglass-shaped marking on the anterior dorsal surface consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes in the form of a bat (all specimens), the second diamond shaped (all specimens), and the third triangular (A – C) or trapezoidal (D – F). Note diffuse dorsolateral stripe extending from behind the eye (A – F). Color of ventral surface is similar among preserved females (G – I) but chest and vocal sacs of males preserved males vary from very light to dark-gray (F = female, M = male, numbers correspond to original field numbers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDCFFA9FF338467FF7FFE96" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDCFFA8FF338467FEA8F9FB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Color in life of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDCFFA8FDB28467FD60F9FB" box="[582,680,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FCC88467FCB2F9FA" box="[828,890,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(A, B). Background color of dorsum is uniform light-brown. All specimens have a distinct dark-brown hourglass-like marking on the anterior dorsal surface, consisting of three contiguous sections: the first between the eyes, in the form of a bat, the second diamond-shaped, and the third triangular or similar to the first section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD13840CFCEAF94E" box="[743,802,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
A;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FCB1840CFC4CF94E" box="[837,900,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). A dorsolateral stripe is absent or diffused with the background color of dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FDB284D7FD4EF96A" box="[582,646,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD5884D7FD24F96A" box="[684,748,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Upper surface of arm is light-brown. Dorsal surface of leg is light-brown with a dark-brown transversal bars about the middle section of thigh and shank, which line up when individuals are sitting at rest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FDDB849FFDB8F8D2" box="[559,624,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD63849FFD10F8D2" box="[663,728,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, G); foot has two transverse dark-brown bars, sometimes diffuse. The throat of adult calling males is dark grayish-violet (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC4D857CFC35F8FE" box="[953,1021,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,201,851]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hand and foot of Allobates magnussoni ’ s holotype (INPA-H 32960). Scale bars correspond to 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252758/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F), acquiring a lighter grayish-violet shade in males captured while not emitting calls (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD098547FCF3F89A" box="[765,827,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 2E). Melanophores are densely scattered on the vocal sac, throat and chest regions. In males the abdominal region is white to translucent anteriorly, bright yellow posteriorly and on flanks. Ventral surface of limbs also bright yellow among specimens from PNA and dull yellow among specimens observed in Treviso and Jamanxim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FD0B85D3FCF7F86E" box="[767,831,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FC9785D3FC6CF86E" box="[867,932,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F). Adult females have a uniformly bright yellow throat, chest and abdomen, lacking melanophores on ventral surface of limbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDCFFA8FB9785B7FB6EF80A" box="[1123,1190,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Both sexes (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFDCFFA9FA8B85B7FEC6FF66" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="12" pageNumber="367" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) have small, iridescent white irregular spots on the ventrolateral region, on pale yellow background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FF5482CFFF12FF03" box="[160,218,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,479,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views in life of the holotype of Allobates magnussoni (INPA-H 32960). (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of the same specimen after preservation in 70 % ethanol. Photographs by A. P. Lima and W. E. Magnusson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252757/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
A;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FEF682CFFE8DFF02" box="[258,325,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G, H). In six specimens from Treviso and Jamanxim it is diffuse as a wavy series of elongate interconnected iridescent white spots (as in the
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FD4F82ACFD36FF2E" box="[699,766,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, I). The base of the thigh has a small cream paracloacal mark, not moon-shaped, in all specimens. Palmar and plantar surfaces are heavily pigmented, dark-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FACB8377FA48FECA" box="[1343,1408,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,522,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,517,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color in life of Allobates magnussoni. (A) Dorsolateral view of a female (INPA-H 32974) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River; (B) dorsolateral view of a female from Treviso and (C) of a male specimen from Jamanxim (INPA-H 33935), both on the east bank of the Tapajós River. Note variation in dorsal color pattern and diffuse dorsolateral lines. (D), (E), (F): Ventral view of a female specimen from PNA, of a male and a female specimen from Treviso, and of a male specimen from Jamanxim, respectively. Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces of female specimens and the brownish-violet throat and chest on males. (G) and (H): Lateral views of female and male specimens (INPA-H 32974 and 32976) from PNA. (I) Lateral view of a male (INPA-H 33935) from Jamanxim. Note variation in patterns of the diffuse ventrolateral stripe, formed by round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A. P. Lima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252759/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF33833FFE8EFE7B" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
Color of metamorphs in life resembles that of adults, with similar drawing patterns on dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FAC3833FFA46FEB2" box="[1335,1422,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,917,939]" captionTargetBox="[319,1267,202,886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[313,1273,195,893]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Allobates magnussoni’s natural history. (A) Egg-clutch photographed immediately after oviposition. Note transparent jelly. (B) Clutch with 12 embryos. (C) Male captured while transporting seven tadpoles. (D) Dorsolateral view of an early metamorph. Note that the dorsal pattern of coloration is similar to that of adult specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating that this character is inherited, does not vary ontogenetically and could be used with confidence as a diagnostic trait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF3383C4FCEFFD26" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FF3383C4FDC0FE06" bold="true" box="[199,520,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Description of vocalization</emphasis>
|
||
. The most frequent arrangement of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FB5083C4FA54FE06" box="[1188,1436,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FB5083C4FA54FE06" box="[1188,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consist of the continuous emission of short tonal notes, separated by regular silent intervals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FB0D83AFFAF5FE23" box="[1273,1341,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,424,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,409,1181]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 ° C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL = 17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 ° C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). One additional arrangement was recorded (see below). The prevalent arrangement of advertisement calls is formed by the emission of short tonal notes, with slightly ascendant frequency modulation (difference between lowest and highest frequency of notes = 640.3 ± 90.8 Hz, in average—Fig. 6B) at an average rate of 1.9 ± 0.3 notes per second (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDDFFA9FF6A801FFF3DFD52" box="[158,245,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,800,823]" captionText="TABLE 2. Temporal and spectral parameters of notes in continuous advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and continuous calls of Allobates brunneus recorded at Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in December 2001. Continuous calls with single notes are the most frequent call arrangement emitted by A. magnussoni at the type locality. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL = snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; ND = note duration; NPF, NLF, NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of note; NSI = silent interval between the focal and the consecutive note; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male." pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). At the species
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDDFFA9FE58801EFE14FD53" box="[428,476,621,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, notes are 0.08 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDDFFA9FD0F801FFCF5FD52" box="[763,829,620,644]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" precision="555" value="-0.01">0.01 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
long in average (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FC0B801EFBC5FD52" box="[1023,1037,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 325 notes, analyzed from calls of 13 males—Table 2). Notes have an average lowest frequency of 4089.8 ± 113.4 Hz and an average highest frequency of 4733.1 ± 141.2. Hz. Average peak frequency of notes is 4462.8 ± 141.6 Hz. Silent intervals between notes range from 0.35 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDDFFA9FE4480A4FE29FD26" box="[432,481,727,752]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" precision="555" value="-0.53">0.53</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (0.45 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDDFFA9FDA680A4FD5EFD39" box="[594,662,727,752]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" precision="555" value="-0.06">0.06 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in average).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFDDFFA9FF638153FAF8FC21" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF638153FAF8FC21" blockId="13.[151,1437,799,1015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FF638153FEC6FCE1" bold="true" box="[151,270,800,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Temporal and spectral parameters of notes in continuous advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FB58816CFA53FCE1" box="[1196,1435,799,823]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FB58816CFA53FCE1" box="[1196,1435,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and continuous calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FE85812CFD8BFCA1" box="[369,579,863,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FE85812CFD8BFCA1" box="[369,579,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in December 2001. Continuous calls with single notes are the most frequent call arrangement emitted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FBDF810CFB00FC41" box="[1067,1224,895,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FBDF810CFB00FC41" box="[1067,1224,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the type locality. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL = snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; ND = note duration; NPF, NLF, NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of note; NSI = silent interval between the focal and the consecutive note; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FE488661FA97FBFE" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[444,1375,1042,1064]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDDFFA9FE488661FDD2FBFE" box="[444,538,1042,1064]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PNA Treviso
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FB6F8661FA97FBFE" box="[1179,1375,1042,1064]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">Allobates brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B864FFB60FB84" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1192,1084,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
Nº of recorded males
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFDDFFA9FE48864FFC4DFB84" box="[444,901,1084,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" value="2013-01-08">1 13 8</date>
|
||
5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B8615FB09FBAD" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1217,1125,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Notes analyzed 25 325 200 125</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B86FCFAC8FB72" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1280,1166,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Temperature (°C) 25.5 23.9–27.4 23.0–26.5 25.5–26.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B86CBFAC9FB18" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1281,1208,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">SVL (mm) 18.2 16.4–18.8 17.4–18.7 14.8–18.3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B8691FAEEFB21" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1318,1249,1271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">ND (s) 0.065 0.080 ± 0.011 0.064 ± 0.012 0.041 ± 0.011</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE8773FAFCFAE9" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">(0.065–0.104) (0.047–0.083) (0.027–0.056) NPF (Hz) 4366.9 4462.8 ± 141.6 4635.8 ± 104.6 5161.3 ± 216.8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE873BFAFCFA51" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">(4273.0–4704.6) (4497.8–4867.3) (4940.5–5447.9) NLF (Hz) 4122.2 4089.8 ± 133.4 4182.2 ± 127.7 4753.1 ± 166.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE87E3FAFCFA19" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">(3809.1–4303.7) (4025.5–4430.8) (4601.7–4960.1) NHF(Hz) 4680.6 4733.1 ± 141.1 4916.6 ± 145.7 5461.2 ± 203.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE87ABFAEFF9C1" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">(4484.9–4961.4) (4721.9–5132.8) (5188.6–5662.9) NSI (s) 0.347 0.451 ± 0.062 0.509 ± 0.161 0.390 ± 0.029</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE8453FAE2F9E0" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[586,1322,1568,1590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">(0.347–0.535) (0.369–0.811) (0.357–0.422)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FF6B8439FAC5F989" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" box="[159,1293,1609,1631]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">RNE (notes/s) 2.4 1.90 ± 0.28 1.89 ± 0.49 2.29 ± 0.11</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFA9FDBE841BFE72F8C9" blockId="13.[159,1375,1042,1662]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,1726,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
(1.63–2.40) (1.30–2.56) (2.13–2.43) The acoustic arrangement described above is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDDFFA9FD2F84CDFC1EF900" box="[731,982,1726,1751]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDDFFA9FD2F84CDFC1EF900" box="[731,982,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s main advertisement call, constituting most of the recording length registered for all males. However, one additional arrangement was recorded among calls of fewer individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDDFFAAFF338559FD69FEB2" blockId="13.[151,1436,1726,2003]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">
|
||
Males emit advertisement calls formed by note-pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDDFFA9FCCD8559FCB7F895" box="[825,895,1834,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,424,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,409,1181]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 ° C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL = 17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 ° C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D), shifting to regular, single-note calls after approximately 10–20 s (INPA-H 32962, 32963, 10108, 10110 and two additional males, not collected). Detailed characterization of these calls is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDDFFA9FD6C8501FD26F85D" box="[664,750,1906,1931]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Temporal and spectral parameters of note-pairs that constitute the second most frequent arrangement of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni and the main call arrangement in Allobates flaviventris. Allobates magnussoni calls were recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and at Fazenda Treviso in January 2002. Calls of Allobates flaviventris recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Acre State, in January 2003. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL: snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; 1 ND and 2 ND = durations of first and second notes of each pair; 1 NPF, 1 NLF, 1 NHF, 2 NPF, 2 NLF, 2 NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of first and second notes, respectively; NSIL = silent interval between notes in the same note pair; SIL = silent interval between note-pairs; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male. Except for T and RNE, values provided for each specimen correspond to the average value between parameters measured from 10 note-pairs." pageId="13" pageNumber="368">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Isolated note-pairs appeared in recordings of two additional males, scattered among continuous single note calls, but were not considered in the characterization due to their rarity along recording length (less than one note pair per 50 single notes). Among calls of males recorded in PNA, silent intervals between notes in each pair vary from 0.07 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFCAF82EBFC44FF66" box="[859,908,152,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.12">0.12</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (0.10 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFBF382EBFB85FF79" box="[1031,1101,152,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.02">0.02 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in average,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFB2982EAFB23FF66" box="[1245,1259,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 40 intervals, measured from calls of four males), whereas intervals splitting consecutive note-pairs vary from 0.43 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFAA282CFFA4FFF03" box="[1366,1415,188,213]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.63">0.63</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (0.52 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFF048293FEFCFF21" box="[240,308,224,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.09">0.09 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in average,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFE4B8292FE05FF2E" box="[447,461,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 40 intervals, measured from calls of four males). The rate of note emission is faster during production of note-pairs than along production of regular calls (average note emission rate is 2.6 ± 0.3 notes per second during the emission of note-pairs—estimated from 10 s long sections of recordings of each of the four males that produced this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFDEFFAAFE5B833EFE17FEB3" box="[431,479,333,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of arrangement).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFDEFFAAFF6386C1FADCFA56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252762/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" targetBox="[165,1428,424,1162]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDEFFAAFF6386C1FADCFA56" blockId="14.[151,1436,1202,1408]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFF6386C1FEDFFB11" bold="true" box="[151,279,1202,1224]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDEFFAAFB4C86C1FA54FB1E" box="[1208,1436,1202,1224]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFB4C86C1FA54FB1E" box="[1208,1436,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of regular continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 32968, SVL = 18.4 mm) recorded at 24.4 °C. Notes are split by short and regular silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two notes from the same call session, illustrating the slight ascending frequency modulation. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 32964, SVL =17.0 mm), recorded at type locality at 23.9 °C, while emitting calls with an alternative arrangement, with notes grouped in pairs. (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that the first note of each pair is longer and has a wider frequency bandwidth than the second note.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDEFFAAFF3387D4FC08F986" blockId="14.[151,1436,1447,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">
|
||
First and second notes in each pair are distinct in relation to temporal and spectral parameters. First notes are 0.09 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFF1387BFFEE3FA35" box="[231,299,1484,1508]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.01">0.01 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
long in average (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFE0687BEFDC8FA32" box="[498,512,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 40 notes, analyzed from calls of four males). Average peak, lowest and highest frequencies of the first notes were 4461.9 ± 126.1 Hz, 4131.5 ± 57.3 Hz and 4788.6 ± 86.7 Hz, respectively. Second notes are 0.05 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785044FFDEFFAAFEAE8467FE57F9FD" box="[346,415,1556,1580]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" precision="555" value="-0.01">0.01 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
long in average. Average peak, lowest and highest frequencies of the second notes were 4526.0 ± 61.3 Hz, 4231.3 ± 53.1 Hz and 4737.6 ± 83.9 Hz, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDEFFAAFF338428FBAFF936" blockId="14.[151,1436,1447,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Comparisons with calls of specimens morphologically similar to topotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDEFFAAFBA5842FFB33F9A2" box="[1105,1275,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFBA5842FFB33F9A2" box="[1105,1275,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that temporal and spectral acoustic traits of specimens proceeding from Treviso largely overlap with those registered at PNA, considering continuous advertisement calls (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDEFFAAFD0084D0FC9AF96A" box="[756,850,1699,1724]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,800,823]" captionText="TABLE 2. Temporal and spectral parameters of notes in continuous advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and continuous calls of Allobates brunneus recorded at Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in December 2001. Continuous calls with single notes are the most frequent call arrangement emitted by A. magnussoni at the type locality. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL = snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; ND = note duration; NPF, NLF, NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of note; NSI = silent interval between the focal and the consecutive note; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male." pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) and calls formed by note-pairs (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDEFFAAFB0684D0FA87F96A" box="[1266,1359,1699,1724]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Temporal and spectral parameters of note-pairs that constitute the second most frequent arrangement of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni and the main call arrangement in Allobates flaviventris. Allobates magnussoni calls were recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and at Fazenda Treviso in January 2002. Calls of Allobates flaviventris recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Acre State, in January 2003. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL: snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; 1 ND and 2 ND = durations of first and second notes of each pair; 1 NPF, 1 NLF, 1 NHF, 2 NPF, 2 NLF, 2 NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of first and second notes, respectively; NSIL = silent interval between notes in the same note pair; SIL = silent interval between note-pairs; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male. Except for T and RNE, values provided for each specimen correspond to the average value between parameters measured from 10 note-pairs." pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Call arrangement is also similar between recordings obtained in both locations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDEFFAAFC2B84B4FBEAF936" box="[991,1058,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[205,1358,208,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[200,1386,194,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparisons of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni with those of similar species by means of 5 s long oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs). (A) Continuous emission of single notes split by regular silent intervals, the most frequent call arrangement sampled for A. magnussoni at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), Pará State, Brazil (INPA-H 32962, 16.8 mm SVL, recorded at 24.4 ° C). (B) Emission of note-pairs split by regular silent intervals, an alternative call arrangement produced sporadically by a few males sampled in PNA and in Treviso, an additional location on the east bank of the Tapajós River (unvouchered male recorded in PNA at 24.5 ° C). (C) Call formed by the continuous emission of a single note, produced by a male recorded in Treviso (INPA-H 10108, 15.5 mm SVL, recorded at 23.0 ° C). Note similarity with calls presented in (A). (D) Advertisement calls of one Allobates flaviventris male recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Acre State (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 25.0 ° C). Note shorter intervals between consecutive note-pairs and between notes in the same pair, when compared to those emitted by A. magnussoni (B). (E) and (F) Advertisement calls of two Allobates brunneus males recorded at the species type locality in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. Notes produced continuously by A. brunneus (E) are shorter and emitted at higher frequency bandwidth when compared to those produced by A. magnussoni (A, B); the former also emits calls in short trills formed by 6 – 11 notes at air temperatures above 28 ° C (F). (G) Advertisement call of Allobates crombiei recorded at the species type locality at Cachoeira do Espelho, on the east bank of the Xingu River (17.6 mm SVL, recorded at 25.5 ° C). (H) Advertisement call of Allobates masniger recorded in PNA (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 24.3 ° C) where it occurs syntopically with A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252763/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDEFFAAFF338498FB2BF842" blockId="14.[151,1436,1447,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Continuous advertisement calls of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDEFFAAFD568498FCB3F8D2" box="[674,891,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFD568498FCB3F8D2" box="[674,891,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by the emission of tonal notes with ascending frequency modulation (708.0 ± 109.7 Hz in average—Fig. 7E). Notes are shorter when compared with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDEFFAAFEC58547FE1DF89A" box="[305,469,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFEC58547FE1DF89A" box="[305,469,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are emitted at a higher frequency bandwidth, not overlapping in terms of lowest, highest or peak frequencies (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDEFFAAFE288524FDFDF8A6" box="[476,565,1879,1904]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,800,823]" captionText="TABLE 2. Temporal and spectral parameters of notes in continuous advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and continuous calls of Allobates brunneus recorded at Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in December 2001. Continuous calls with single notes are the most frequent call arrangement emitted by A. magnussoni at the type locality. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL = snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; ND = note duration; NPF, NLF, NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of note; NSI = silent interval between the focal and the consecutive note; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male." pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Along some recordings, continuous calls are interrupted by the emission of note trills (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDEFFAAFEE58508FE9BF842" box="[273,339,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[205,1358,208,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[200,1386,194,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparisons of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni with those of similar species by means of 5 s long oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs). (A) Continuous emission of single notes split by regular silent intervals, the most frequent call arrangement sampled for A. magnussoni at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), Pará State, Brazil (INPA-H 32962, 16.8 mm SVL, recorded at 24.4 ° C). (B) Emission of note-pairs split by regular silent intervals, an alternative call arrangement produced sporadically by a few males sampled in PNA and in Treviso, an additional location on the east bank of the Tapajós River (unvouchered male recorded in PNA at 24.5 ° C). (C) Call formed by the continuous emission of a single note, produced by a male recorded in Treviso (INPA-H 10108, 15.5 mm SVL, recorded at 23.0 ° C). Note similarity with calls presented in (A). (D) Advertisement calls of one Allobates flaviventris male recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Acre State (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 25.0 ° C). Note shorter intervals between consecutive note-pairs and between notes in the same pair, when compared to those emitted by A. magnussoni (B). (E) and (F) Advertisement calls of two Allobates brunneus males recorded at the species type locality in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. Notes produced continuously by A. brunneus (E) are shorter and emitted at higher frequency bandwidth when compared to those produced by A. magnussoni (A, B); the former also emits calls in short trills formed by 6 – 11 notes at air temperatures above 28 ° C (F). (G) Advertisement call of Allobates crombiei recorded at the species type locality at Cachoeira do Espelho, on the east bank of the Xingu River (17.6 mm SVL, recorded at 25.5 ° C). (H) Advertisement call of Allobates masniger recorded in PNA (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 24.3 ° C) where it occurs syntopically with A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252763/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F), consisting in the second most common arrangement among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDEFFAAFBEE850FFB69F842" box="[1050,1185,1915,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDEFFAAFBEE850FFB69F842" box="[1050,1185,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="369">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
calls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFDFFFABFF6382EBFBCEFE19" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6382EBFBCEFE19" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFF6382EBFEC6FF79" bold="true" box="[151,270,152,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Temporal and spectral parameters of note-pairs that constitute the second most frequent arrangement of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFE5482C4FD5AFF19" box="[416,658,183,207]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFE5482C4FD5AFF19" box="[416,658,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the main call arrangement in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFBC282C4FAEAFF19" box="[1078,1314,183,207]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFBC282C4FAEAFF19" box="[1078,1314,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Allobates flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFAC382C4FEDEFF39" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFAC382C4FEDEFF39" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
calls were recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and at Fazenda Treviso in January 2002. Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFC428284FB6BFED9" box="[950,1187,247,271]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFC428284FB6BFED9" box="[950,1187,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Allobates flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Acre State, in January 2003. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL: snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; 1ND and 2ND = durations of first and second notes of each pair; 1NPF, 1NLF, 1NHF, 2NPF, 2NLF, 2NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of first and second notes, respectively; NSIL = silent interval between notes in the same note pair; SIL = silent interval between note-pairs; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male. Except for T and RNE, values provided for each specimen correspond to the average value between parameters measured from 10 note-pairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE108398FAD6FDD6" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1310,490,512]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
PNA Fazenda Treviso
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFBB08399FAD6FDD6" box="[1092,1310,490,512]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Allobates flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B8067FB99FDFC" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1105,532,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Nº of recorded males 4 3 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B804EFB96FD85" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1118,573,595]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Nº of note-pairs analyzed 40 30 40</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B8014FBB8FDAA" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1136,614,636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">T (°C) 23.9–25.4 23.0–26.5 25.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B80E3FB61FD70" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1193,656,678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">SVL (mm) 16.3–17.0 15.5–16.9 17.8–19.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B80CAFB1CFD38" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">1ND (s) 0.085 ± 0.008 0.088 ± 0.011 0.052 ± 0.002 (0.075–0.093) (0.075–0.096) (0.050–0.054)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B8172FB1CFCE0" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">2ND (s) 0.052 ± 0.003 0.063 ± 0.007 0.039 ± 0.002 (0.049–0.055) (0.056–0.071) (0.037–0.042)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B813AFB14FC89" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1244,841,863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">1NPF(Hz) 4461.9 ± 126.1 4691.3 ± 113.5 4369.8 ± 114.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE10811BFB25FCA8" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,872,894]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4310.9–4577.9) (4584.4–4810.5) (4291.6–4539.2)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B81E2FB15FC71" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1245,913,935]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">1NLF (Hz) 4131.5 ± 57.3 4279.6 ± 94.4 3843.4 ± 127.3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE1081C3FB25FC10" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,944,966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4086.1–4209.2) (4179.6–4367.2) (3731.9–4016.8)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B81AAFB15FC39" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1245,985,1007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">1NHF (Hz) 4788.6 ± 86.6 5064.7 ± 16.19 4735.7 ± 223.9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE10818BFB25FBD8" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,1016,1038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4720.9–4913.1) (5049.4–5081.7) (4569.3–5062.3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B8652FB15FBE1" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1245,1057,1079]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">2NPF (Hz) 4526.0 ± 61.3 4676.3 ± 124.9 4412.0 ± 137.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE108633FB25FB80" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,1088,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4447.8–4586.6) (4552.1–4801.9) (4323.9–4614.5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B861AFB15FBA9" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1245,1129,1151]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">2NLF (Hz) 4231.3 ± 53.1 4365.1 ± 115.7 4026.4 ± 166.9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE1086FBFB25FB48" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,1160,1182]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4172.8–4299.2) (4231.7–4438.3) (3894.3–4270.3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B86C2FB15FB11" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1245,1201,1223]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">2NHF (Hz) 4737.6 ± 83.9 5100.8 ± 21.6 4809.9 ± 225.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE1086A3FB25FB30" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[484,1261,1232,1254]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">(4641.6–4846.2) (5078.5–5121.6) (4660.9–5142.7)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B868AFB1CFAF8" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">NSIL (s) 0.100 ± 0.021 0.078 ± 0.015 0.033 ± 0.003 (0.077–0.127) (0.066–0.095) (0.029–0.037)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B8732FB1CFAA0" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">SIL (s) 0.523 ± 0.087 0.576 ± 0.237 0.369 ± 0.043 (0.425–0.630) (0.359–0.829) (0.313–0.416)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF6B87F9FB7FFA49" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" box="[159,1207,1417,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">RNE (notes/s) 2.62 ± 0.33 2.52 ± 0.65 4.14 ± 0.68</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFE1087DBFE58F939" blockId="15.[159,1310,490,1470]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,1570,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
(2.30–3.00) (1.90–3.20) (3.36–4.93) Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFEDD8451FDD2F9ED" box="[297,538,1570,1595]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFEDD8451FDD2F9ED" box="[297,538,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Allobates flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proceeding from Rio Branco consist of a multiple series of note-pairs split by irregular silent intervals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFDFFFABFE358435FDC1F989" box="[449,521,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[205,1358,208,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[200,1386,194,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparisons of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni with those of similar species by means of 5 s long oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs). (A) Continuous emission of single notes split by regular silent intervals, the most frequent call arrangement sampled for A. magnussoni at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), Pará State, Brazil (INPA-H 32962, 16.8 mm SVL, recorded at 24.4 ° C). (B) Emission of note-pairs split by regular silent intervals, an alternative call arrangement produced sporadically by a few males sampled in PNA and in Treviso, an additional location on the east bank of the Tapajós River (unvouchered male recorded in PNA at 24.5 ° C). (C) Call formed by the continuous emission of a single note, produced by a male recorded in Treviso (INPA-H 10108, 15.5 mm SVL, recorded at 23.0 ° C). Note similarity with calls presented in (A). (D) Advertisement calls of one Allobates flaviventris male recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Acre State (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 25.0 ° C). Note shorter intervals between consecutive note-pairs and between notes in the same pair, when compared to those emitted by A. magnussoni (B). (E) and (F) Advertisement calls of two Allobates brunneus males recorded at the species type locality in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. Notes produced continuously by A. brunneus (E) are shorter and emitted at higher frequency bandwidth when compared to those produced by A. magnussoni (A, B); the former also emits calls in short trills formed by 6 – 11 notes at air temperatures above 28 ° C (F). (G) Advertisement call of Allobates crombiei recorded at the species type locality at Cachoeira do Espelho, on the east bank of the Xingu River (17.6 mm SVL, recorded at 25.5 ° C). (H) Advertisement call of Allobates masniger recorded in PNA (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 24.3 ° C) where it occurs syntopically with A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252763/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). In relation to note-pairs emitted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFC108434FB45F988" box="[996,1165,1607,1630]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFC108434FB45F988" box="[996,1165,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, those produced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFA708434FEDDF955" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFA708434FEDDF955" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shorter in length, reflecting shorter note durations and inter-note silent intervals. Notes are also emitted at faster call rates (over four notes per second, in average—Table 3). Notes are emitted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFB1084FCFA49F971" box="[1252,1409,1678,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFB1084FCFA49F971" box="[1252,1409,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a lower frequency bandwidth, but overall ranges of peak, lowest and highest frequencies overlap with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFA7084C0FED5F938" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFA7084C0FED5F938" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDFFFABFEDF84A5FE4AF939" box="[299,386,1750,1775]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Temporal and spectral parameters of note-pairs that constitute the second most frequent arrangement of advertisement calls of Allobates magnussoni and the main call arrangement in Allobates flaviventris. Allobates magnussoni calls were recorded at the type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), in January 2007 and February 2008, and at Fazenda Treviso in January 2002. Calls of Allobates flaviventris recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Acre State, in January 2003. T = air temperature at time of recording; SVL: snout-to-vent length range among recorded males; 1 ND and 2 ND = durations of first and second notes of each pair; 1 NPF, 1 NLF, 1 NHF, 2 NPF, 2 NLF, 2 NHF = Peak, lowest and highest frequencies of first and second notes, respectively; NSIL = silent interval between notes in the same note pair; SIL = silent interval between note-pairs; RNE = rate of note emission measured from a 30 s section of continuous calls by each male. Except for T and RNE, values provided for each specimen correspond to the average value between parameters measured from 10 note-pairs." pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF338488FD77F88D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1570,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Summary statistics of acoustic parameters derived from individual male mean values are provided in Appendix IV (for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFF1B856CFE5DF8E0" box="[239,405,1823,1846]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFF1B856CFE5DF8E0" box="[239,405,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFE3A856CFD9EF8E1" box="[462,598,1822,1847]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFE3A856CFD9EF8E1" box="[462,598,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males that emitted continuous calls) and Appendix V (for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFB02856CFA54F8E0" box="[1270,1436,1823,1846]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFB02856CFA54F8E0" box="[1270,1436,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFDFFFABFF328530FEABF88D" box="[198,355,1858,1883]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFF328530FEABF88D" box="[198,355,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males that emitted note-pairs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFDFFFABFF338515FD8DF83D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1570,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFDFFFABFF338515FE2CF8A9" bold="true" box="[199,484,1894,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Description of tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||
Descriptive statistics for 17 morphological characters were based on 66 tadpoles at developmental stages 25, 27, 36 and 38 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE0338FFDFFFABFD8485F9FD02F875" box="[624,714,1930,1955]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (in mm) of 66 tadpoles of Allobates magnussoni in four different developmental stages [according to Gosner (1960) stages]. Values are means ± standard deviation; ranges are in parentheses." pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The following detailed description is based on a sample of 5 tadpoles from the same lot (INPA-H 32983, original field number APL13031), collected from a single clutch and reared to stage 37 before preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC0FFB4FF63847EFAD9F839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252763/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[205,1358,208,1515]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC0FFB4FF63847EFAD9F839" blockId="16.[151,1436,1549,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FF63847EFEDCF9F5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1549,1571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparisons of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FD5A847EFC46F9F5" box="[686,910,1549,1571]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FD5A847EFC46F9F5" box="[686,910,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with those of similar species by means of 5 s long oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs). (A) Continuous emission of single notes split by regular silent intervals, the most frequent call arrangement sampled for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FD018438FC44F9B7" box="[757,908,1611,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FD018438FC44F9B7" box="[757,908,1611,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), Pará State, Brazil (INPA-H 32962, 16.8 mm SVL, recorded at 24.4°C). (B) Emission of note-pairs split by regular silent intervals, an alternative call arrangement produced sporadically by a few males sampled in PNA and in Treviso, an additional location on the east bank of the Tapajós River (unvouchered male recorded in PNA at 24.5°C). (C) Call formed by the continuous emission of a single note, produced by a male recorded in Treviso (INPA-H 10108, 15.5 mm SVL, recorded at 23.0°C). Note similarity with calls presented in (A). (D) Advertisement calls of one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FBFF8497FB2EF92C" box="[1035,1254,1764,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FBFF8497FB2EF92C" box="[1035,1254,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Allobates flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male recorded at Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in Acre State (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 25.0°C). Note shorter intervals between consecutive note-pairs and between notes in the same pair, when compared to those emitted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FBCB8551FB13F8E1" box="[1087,1243,1826,1847]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FBCB8551FB13F8E1" box="[1087,1243,1826,1847]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). (E) and (F) Advertisement calls of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FE428533FDB4F880" box="[438,636,1856,1878]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FE428533FDB4F880" box="[438,636,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males recorded at the species type locality in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. Notes produced continuously by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FD89852CFD31F8A2" box="[637,761,1886,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FD89852CFD31F8A2" box="[637,761,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E) are shorter and emitted at higher frequency bandwidth when compared to those produced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FE10850DFDB3F845" box="[484,635,1918,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FE10850DFDB3F845" box="[484,635,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A, B); the former also emits calls in short trills formed by 6–11 notes at air temperatures above 28°C (F). (G) Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FD2985EFFC55F864" box="[733,925,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FD2985EFFC55F864" box="[733,925,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Allobates crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at the species type locality at Cachoeira do Espelho, on the east bank of the Xingu River (17.6 mm SVL, recorded at 25.5°C). (H) Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FAC885C8FF3DF839" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FAC885C8FF3DF839" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Allobates masniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in PNA (18.2 mm SVL, recorded at 24.3°C) where it occurs syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC0FFB4FB8285A9FAC3F839" box="[1142,1291,2010,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC0FFB4FB8285A9FAC3F839" box="[1142,1291,2010,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC1FFB5FF3382E4FB0DFE22" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">
|
||
Body is ellipsoid in dorsal view, slightly flattened in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FC3D82E4FBD8FF66" box="[969,1040,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body 30% and tail 70% of total length; body wider than deep, BH 34% of BW at level of spiracle; HWLE at level of eyes 92.6% of BW at the level of spiracle; snout bluntly rounded in dorsal and lateral views;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC1FFB5FCA68293FC44FF21" box="[850,908,224,247]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
74% of ED; eyes dorsal and directed laterally; ED 1.01 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FEE68377FEB1FECA" box="[274,377,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
; IOD 24% of HWLE at the level of the eyes. Small nostrils located dorsolaterally and directed anterolaterally; internarial distance
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FDDF835BFD5DFEE9" box="[555,661,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1.12">1.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
. A fleshy ring is present on the inner margin of nostrils, round and straight, not ornamented. Spiracle is sinistral, forming a free tube of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FC5C833FFBD8FEB2" box="[936,1040,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
, slightly anterior to mid-section of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FF15831CFEE0FE5E" box="[225,296,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FECC831CFEB5FE5E" box="[312,381,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Vent tube is 1.24 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FD658303FD3FFE51" box="[657,759,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, opening dextrally. Gut long coiled, concealing other organs in ventral view, with coiling axis directed to the left side, located near the spiracle. Fins have a shallow arch. Dorsal fin begins
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FE9183CBFE04FE19" box="[357,460,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.87" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="3.87">3.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
up onto body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FD8B83C4FD0BFE06" box="[639,707,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[185,1339,509,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,481,1659]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of 36 specimens of Allobates magnussoni (males and females pooled) along the first and second dimensions of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from 15 morphometric ratios commonly used in Allobates species descriptions (see text). Note that samples from opposite sides of the Tapajós River do not form distinct clusters (P = Parque Nacional da Amazônia, the species type locality on west riverbank; T = Treviso and J = Jamanxim, both located on the east riverbank)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252761/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Caudal musculature is bifurcated over body, with dorsal fin extending shortly between them. Dorsal and ventral fins have similar height at mid-tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FB8783AFFB7FFE22" box="[1139,1207,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC1FFB5FF33838CFAD4FCEE" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">
|
||
Oral apparatus is emarginate, located anteroventrally, 1.97 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FC9A8073FC19FDC1" box="[878,977,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FBB6838CFB4CFDCE" box="[1090,1156,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C); anterior labium with short round papillae only on lateral margin, 12 or 13 on each side; posterior labium projected anteriorly, obstructing view of posterior tooth rows in all specimens if not folded manually (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FBE98034FB97FDB6" box="[1053,1119,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B); posterior labium entirely surrounded by 32 to 35 short, pyramidal to slightly elongate papillae; papillae on posterolateral margin same size as the posteromedial papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FE2E80FCFDE9FD7E" box="[474,545,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C); submarginal papillae absent; lower jaw sheath V-shaped, deeper than upper jaw sheath; upper and lower sheaths serrated; serrations extend entire length of sheaths; labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1); tooth row A-1 complete, 1.25; tooth row A-2 interrupted medially, consisting of two widely separated rows at level of upper jaw sheath, segment
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FCFC808FFCA7FCC2" box="[776,879,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with a gap of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FB61808FFB35FCC2" box="[1173,1277,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC1FFB5FAFA808FFA9CFCC2" box="[1294,1364,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). Lower tooth rows longer than A-1; P-1 and P-2 same length (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FCB2816CFC64FCEE" box="[838,940,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and longer than P-3 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC1FFB5FB52816CFAD8FCEE" box="[1190,1296,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC1FFB5FF638514FCB7F86D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC1FFB5FF638514FCB7F86D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1895,1979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC1FFB5FF638514FEDBF8AA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1895,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC1FFB5FC218514FB7DF8A8" box="[981,1205,1895,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC1FFB5FC218514FB7DF8A8" box="[981,1205,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="372">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC2FFB6FF6382EBFB15FF19" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC2FFB6FF6382EBFB15FF19" blockId="18.[151,1435,151,207]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FF6382EBFEC6FF79" bold="true" box="[151,270,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of 66 tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FD0382E4FC2FFF79" box="[759,999,151,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FD0382E4FC2FFF79" box="[759,999,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in four different developmental stages [according to Gosner (1960) stages]. Values are means ± standard deviation; ranges are in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC2FFB6FF6B8299FABCFED6" blockId="18.[159,1396,234,1514]" box="[159,1396,234,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Character Stage 25 (n=11) Stage 27 (n=19) Stage 36 (n=25) Stage 38 (n=11)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC2FFB6FE45837AFAD5FEC9" blockId="18.[159,1396,234,1514]" box="[433,1309,265,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">(N = 11) (N = 3) (N = 10) (N = 5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC2FFB6FF6B8341FA55F877" blockId="18.[159,1396,234,1514]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,1582,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||
1 -TL 15.77 ± 1.45 17.91 ± 2.47 20.66 ± 0.28 20.32 ± 0.14 (14.33–18.50) (12.33–21.17) (20.17–21.17) (20.00–20.48) 2 - BL 5.66 ± 0.59 6.43 ± 1.02 8.00 ± 0.63 7.52 ± 0.63 (4.90–6.50) (3.90–7.50) (6.00–8.70) (6.50–8.50) 3 -TAL 10.16 ± 1.06 11.36 ± 1.85 15.04 ± 0.57 14.69 ± 1.27 (9.13–12.13) (7.88–14.38) (13.38–15.44) (12.13–15.63) 4 - BW 3.89 ± 0.52 4.31 ± 0.81 5.93 ± 0.46 5.58 ± 0.40 (3.35–4.95) (3.00–5.85) (4.00–6.25) (4.85–6.00) 5 - BH 1.65 ± 0.16 1.82 ± 0.32 2.05 ± 0.24 1.94 ± 0.32 (1.43–1.97) (1.33–2.50) (1.47–2.67) (1.50–2.50) 6 - HWLE 3.81 ± 0.47 4.14 ± 0.74 5.61 ± 0.26 5.38 ± 0.64 (3.10–4.60) (2.50–5.20) (5.00–6.00) (4.00–6.10) 7 - TMW 1.64 ± 0.25 1.66 ± 0.39 2.58 ± 0.21 2.56 ± 0.21 (1.30–2.07) (0.83–2.33) (2.03–2.97) (2.13–2.80) 8 - MTH 2.89 ± 0.39 2.73 ± 0.62 3.86 ± 0.39 3.54 ± 0.48 (2.43–3.47) (1.40–3.60) (2.67–4.17) (2.67–4.00) 9 - TMH 1.58 ± 0.23 1.53 ± 0.33 2.32 ± 0.18 2.20 ± 0.25 (1.37–2.00) (0.73–1.90) (1.83–2.53) (1.70–2.50) 10 - IOD 0.93 ± 0.08 1.04 ± 0.17 1.33 ± 0.05 1.32 ± 0.08 (0.83–1.03) (0.67–1.23) (1.17–1.47) (1.10–1.40) 11 -
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC2FFB6FF388674FF31FBCA" box="[204,249,1031,1052]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.70 ± 0.10 0.73 ± 0.16 0.98 ± 0.15 0.94 ± 0.12 (0.60–0.83) (0.33–1.00) (0.67–1.27) (0.73–1.17) 12 -
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC2FFB6FF39863CFEC9FBB2" box="[205,257,1103,1124]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.54 ± 0.14 0.55 ± 0.13 0.74 ± 0.10 0.72 ± 0.11 (0.33–0.87) (0.27–0.73) (0.50–0.97) (0.60–0.97) 13 - NSD 0.62 ± 0.09 0.53 ± 0.19 0.67 ± 0.13 0.55 ± 0.14 (0.50–0.77) (0.20–0.83) (0.37–0.83) (0.33–0.77) 14 - ED 0.62 ± 0.09 0.74 ± 0.26 0.80 ± 0.10 0.95 ± 0.10 (0.50–0.77) (0.43–1.73) (0.67–0.93) (0.83–1.07) 15 - VTL 0.72 ± 0.20 0.65 ± 0.27 1.12 ± 0.26 0.96 ± 0.29 (0.50–1.10) (0.30–1.25) (0.50–1.45) (0.50–1.25) 16 - STL 0.83 ± 0.34 0.79 ± 0.22 1.05 ± 0.15 0.95 ± 0.11 (0.50–1.75) (0.30–1.25) (0.75–1.30) (0.75–1.10) 17 - ODW 1.44 ± 0.19 1.34 ± 0.46 1.90 ± 0.11 1.74 ± 0.20 (1.15–1.75) (0.25–1.85) (1.65–2.05) (1.35–2.05)
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FF33845DFD0DF991" bold="true" box="[199,709,1582,1607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Comparison with tadpoles of other species.</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FC8B845DFB67F991" box="[895,1199,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FC8B845DFB67F991" box="[895,1199,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Allobates caeruleodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FB49845CFABFF991" box="[1213,1399,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB49845CFABFF991" box="[1213,1399,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FA70845CFED0F9BF" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grillisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FA70845CFED0F9BF" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. grillisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FEDF8422FE70F9BF" box="[299,440,1616,1641]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FEDF8422FE70F9BF" box="[299,440,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FD488422FCAFF9BF" box="[700,871,1617,1641]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FD488422FCAFF9BF" box="[700,871,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer papillae on lateral labium and distinctively longer papillae on posterior labium (short and numerous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FBAC8407FAC4F95A" box="[1112,1292,1652,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FBAC8407FAC4F95A" box="[1112,1292,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FAC68400FE9EF979" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FAC68400FE9EF979" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Allobates caeruleodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FE6D84E4FD91F979" box="[409,601,1686,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FE6D84E4FD91F979" box="[409,601,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have distinct dark transversal bars on tail (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FB1384E4FA5AF978" box="[1255,1426,1687,1710]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB1384E4FA5AF978" box="[1255,1426,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFC2FFB6FF6A84CBFE51F907" author="Caldwell" box="[158,409,1720,1745]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" refString="Caldwell, J. P., Lima, A. P. & Biavati, G. M. (2002 a) Descriptions of tadpoles of Colostethus marchesianus and Colostethus caeruleodactylus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from their type localities. Copeia, 2002, 166 - 172. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2002) 002 [0166: dotocm] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Caldwell
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FEF984C9FE8FF907" box="[269,327,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Labial tooth rows P-1, P-2 and P-3 are sub-equal in tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FB7084CAFAD2F907" box="[1156,1306,1721,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB7084CAFAD2F907" box="[1156,1306,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. sumtuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Simões & Lima 2012); row P-3 is lacking in tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FD6384AFFC08F922" authority="Kok et al. 2006" authorityName="Kok et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[663,960,1755,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FD6384AFFD31F922" box="[663,761,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. granti</emphasis>
|
||
(Kok
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FCB484AEFCB0F922" box="[832,888,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all rows present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FB5684AFFA8EF922" box="[1186,1350,1756,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB5684AFFA8EF922" box="[1186,1350,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and P- 3 shorter than P-1 and P-2); row A-2 shorter than A-
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC2FFB6FD02848CFCD7F8C1" box="[758,799,1790,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FC58848CFBFDF8C1" box="[940,1077,1790,1815]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FC58848CFBFDF8C1" box="[940,1077,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFC2FFB6FBB2848DFACFF8C1" author="Lima" box="[1094,1287,1790,1815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" refString="Lima, A. P., Caldwell, J. P. & Strussmann, C. (2009) Redescription of Allobates brunneus (Cope) 1887 (Anura: Aromobatidae: Allobatinae), with a description of the tadpole, call, and reproductive behavior. Zootaxa, 1988, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB7F848CFB0DF8C1" box="[1163,1221,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (A-2 longer than A-
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B66FFC2FFB6FF058552FED1F8EF" box="[241,281,1824,1849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FED58552FE0EF8EF" box="[289,454,1825,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FED58552FE0EF8EF" box="[289,454,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FD988552FCFBF8EF" box="[620,819,1824,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FD988552FCFBF8EF" box="[620,819,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. paleovarzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a distinct dark brown longitudinal bar extending from the snout to the eye, and towards mid-body (Lima
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FCF28536FCF5F88A" box="[774,829,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010), which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FB988537FAD9F88A" box="[1132,1297,1860,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FB988537FAD9F88A" box="[1132,1297,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC2FFB6FAEB8530FAABF88A" box="[1311,1379,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC2FFB6FA848530FF6FF8A9" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FE808515FD89F8A9" box="[372,577,1894,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nidicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FE808515FD89F8A9" box="[372,577,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Allobates nidicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC2FFB6FD8D8515FC9AF8A8" box="[633,850,1894,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FD8D8515FC9AF8A8" box="[633,850,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Allobates masniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are endotrophic and develop entirely in a terrestrial nest; these highly modified tadpoles lack oral discs and spiracles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B72FFC2FFB6FC8C85FBFA58F877" author="Caldwell" box="[888,1424,1928,1953]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" refString="Caldwell, J. P. & Lima, A. P. (2003) A new Amazonian species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with a nidicolous tadpole. Herpetologica, 59, 219 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1655 / 0018 - 0831 (2003) 059 [0219: anasoc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Caldwell & Lima 2003; APL, unpublished data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC2FFB7FF3385D8FB35FECE" blockId="18.[151,1437,1582,2023]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,558]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC2FFB6FF3385D8FE57F812" bold="true" box="[199,415,1963,1988]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Color of tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||
Background color of dorsal, lateral and anteroventral surfaces of body cream, with small brown spots formed by the aggregation of melanophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC2FFB6FCB685BDFC42F831" box="[834,906,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In all specimens, a region of darker brown appears on dorsum between the diverging sections of caudal musculature. Posteroventral surface of body is transparent and immaculate; the intestines are visible through the skin. Tail muscle is cream; tail fins are transparent with scattered irregular brown melanophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC3FFB7FCDB82AEFCBEFF20" box="[815,886,221,246]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,910,1874]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008 and reared to stage 37 before preservation (INPA-H 32983) used in the detailed description. Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252764/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In life, pale iridescent blotches are present on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body. Pale iridescent spots also appear scattered along tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC3FFB7FB8C828CFB72FECE" box="[1144,1210,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,587,1426]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of Allobates magnussoni at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of A. magnussoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC3FFB7FF338351FD5BFDF8" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FF338351FD1EFEED" bold="true" box="[199,726,290,315]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Genetic distances and mtDNA relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on evolutionary analyses using a 481 bp fragment of the 16S RNA mitochondrial gene, typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FDA68336FC82FE8B" box="[594,842,325,350]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FDA68336FC82FE8B" box="[594,842,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and samples proceeding from Treviso form a wellsupported monophyletic clade in relation to the remaining cryptically colored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FC0F8314FBADFE56" box="[1019,1125,359,384]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FC0F8314FBADFE56" box="[1019,1125,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC3FFB7FAA48314FA5FFE56" box="[1360,1431,359,384]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and across the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC3FFB7FEC883F9FE45FE75" box="[316,397,394,419]" name="Guyana" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield and eastern Peruvian Amazon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC3FFB7FCB483F9FC5BFE75" box="[832,915,394,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,208,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[183,1403,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Evolutionary relationships among Allobates magnussoni and other species of Allobates occurring in Brazil and across the Guiana Shield region, in northern Amazonia as inferred from an unrooted maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a 481 bp fragment of the 16 S rDNA mitochondrial gene. Clades highlighted in different colors correspond to species morphologically similar to A. magnussoni (A. crombiei, A. cf. flaviventris, A. gasconi), all of which present a dark-brown hourglass-shaped mark on dorsum. Clade labels indicate support values obtained from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only support values> 70 % are shown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252766/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean pairwise uncorrected genetic distances or K2P distances between samples proceeding from PNA and Treviso do not exceed 0.2% (Table 5). Samples proceeding from the Madeira River and Guajará-Mirim, tentatively identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FBEF83A3FB64FE3E" box="[1051,1196,463,488]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavientris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FBEF83A3FB64FE3E" box="[1051,1196,463,488]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. flavientris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, form the sister clade to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FF478380FE9FFDDD" box="[179,343,499,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FF478380FE9FFDDD" box="[179,343,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mean pairwise genetic distances between these clades and typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FBB28380FB22FDDD" box="[1094,1258,499,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FBB28380FB22FDDD" box="[1094,1258,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range from 4 to 6% (5–6% when considering K2P distances).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC3FFB7FF6387D0FADCF9E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252765/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[158,1424,594,1417]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC3FFB7FF6387D0FADCF9E5" blockId="19.[151,1437,1443,1588]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FF6387D0FEDAFA6E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1443,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FC5B87D0FB46FA6F" box="[943,1166,1443,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FC5B87D0FB46FA6F" box="[943,1166,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at developmental stage 37 proceeding from the species type-locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State (INPA-H 32983). Note orientation of posterior labium, projected onwards and partially hiding posterior tooth rows from sight in ventral view. (C) Ventral view of the oral disc of an additional tadpole of the same lot, emphasizing that posterior labium orientation is constant among tadpoles. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral views of a live tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB8D846DFAC6F9E2" box="[1145,1294,1566,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB8D846DFAC6F9E2" box="[1145,1294,1566,1588]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC3FFB7FF33842CFCE6F89E" blockId="19.[151,1437,1631,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Genetic distances between typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FDBB8413FD3CF9A1" box="[591,756,1632,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FDBB8413FD3CF9A1" box="[591,756,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FC53842CFBD9F9AE" box="[935,1041,1631,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FC53842CFBD9F9AE" box="[935,1041,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species range from 7 to 15% (7 to 16% considering K2P distances), minimum genetic distances being estimated between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB6D84F1FA8BF94C" box="[1177,1347,1666,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB6D84F1FA8BF94C" box="[1177,1347,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FA7084F1FF32F96B" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FA7084F1FF32F96B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and maximum distances estimated between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FCE184D6FC09F96A" box="[789,961,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FCE184D6FC09F96A" box="[789,961,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FBF084D6FB66F96B" box="[1028,1198,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfersioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FBF084D6FB66F96B" box="[1028,1198,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. olfersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB3684D7FA54F96B" box="[1218,1436,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB3684D7FA54F96B" box="[1218,1436,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled on both margins of the Xingu River form a well-supported monophyletic clade, mean pairwise genetic distances between samples from opposite banks not exceeding 1%. However, haplotype sharing does not occur between riverbanks. Mean pairwise genetic distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FCAB857EFBCCF8F2" box="[863,1028,1805,1828]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FCAB857EFBCCF8F2" box="[863,1028,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FBCA857EFB09F8F3" box="[1086,1217,1804,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FBCA857EFB09F8F3" box="[1086,1217,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary from 7 to 8% considering both uncorrected and K2P-corrected estimates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC3FFB7FF338521FD7FF823" blockId="19.[151,1437,1631,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Mean genetic distance between clades formed by sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FC658522FB43F8BC" box="[913,1163,1873,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FC658522FB43F8BC" box="[913,1163,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB388521FA9FF8BC" box="[1228,1367,1874,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB388521FA9FF8BC" box="[1228,1367,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. masniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both collected at the same region of Parque Nacional da Amazônia, surpass 9% (and over 10% when considering K2P distances). In Treviso,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FE3585EBFDBCF879" box="[449,628,1944,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FE3585EBFDBCF879" box="[449,628,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occurs with a smaller undescribed species (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB0385E4FEF2F804" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB0385E4FAA9F866" box="[1271,1377,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FF6385CAFEF2F804" box="[151,314,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, which also occurs in PNA. See Introduction). In average, genetic distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC3FFB7FB0C85C9FA54F804" box="[1272,1436,1978,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC3FFB7FB0C85C9FA54F804" box="[1272,1436,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the latter species exceed 9% in this location.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF83806AFB04FDB7" blockId="20.[119,1845,537,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF83806AFF13FDFB" bold="true" box="[119,219,537,557]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncorrected pairwise (lower left) and Kimura-2-Parameter (upper right) genetic distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FB95806AFAE0FDFA" box="[1121,1320,537,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FB95806AFAE0FDFA" box="[1121,1320,537,556]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and clades representing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0F9F3806AF994FDFA" box="[1543,1628,537,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0F9F3806AF994FDFA" box="[1543,1628,537,556]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC4FFB0FF838040FF66FD91" box="[119,174,563,583]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and across the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC4FFB0FECE8040FEB3FD91" box="[314,379,563,583]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield and Peruvian Amazon regions. Distances were based in a 481 pb fragment of the 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene. Total 403 positions were used in distance calculations after elimination of positions presenting gaps or missing data in over 10% of sequences in the final alignment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FE8080F1FEC6FCCA" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FE8080F1F88BFD40" bold="true" box="[372,1859,642,662]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFC4FFB0FCB280F1FC2AFD40" box="[838,994,642,662]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFC4FFB0FBFA80F1FB62FD40" box="[1038,1194,642,662]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" value="2013-12-11">11 12 13</date>
|
||
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7C80D4FF3CFD6F" box="[136,244,679,697]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7C80D4FF3CFD6F" box="[136,244,679,697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.00 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A80B8FE9BFD08" authority="Treviso" authorityName="Treviso" box="[142,339,714,734]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7A80B8FF32FD0B" box="[142,250,715,733]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Treviso)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.00 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A809DFED8FCD7" box="[142,272,750,770]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF5E809DFED8FCD7" box="[170,272,750,769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.06 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.18 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.14 Guajará-Mirim)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF7A8152FF74FC99" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A8152FED8FCE3" box="[142,272,801,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF5E8151FED8FCE3" box="[170,272,802,821]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jaci- 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.13 Paraná)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF7A8125FEF8FC55" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A8125FED8FCBF" box="[142,272,854,874]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF5E8125FED8FCBF" box="[170,272,854,873]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.06 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.18 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.13 Cachoeira do Jirau
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FEDC8103FEF8FC55" box="[296,304,880,899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF7A81F9F89BFC17" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A81F9FF16FC4B" box="[142,222,906,925]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7A81F9FF16FC4B" box="[142,222,906,925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.11
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A81DEFF16FC16" box="[142,222,941,960]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7A81DEFF16FC16" box="[142,222,941,960]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fazenda 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF5C81B4FF20FC0D" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" box="[168,232,967,987]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">de Sol)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF7A8192FF78FB80" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7A8192FF07FC22" box="[142,207,993,1012]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">algorei</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.19 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF7A8676FEE0FBCE" box="[142,296,1029,1048]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF7A8676FEE0FBCE" box="[142,296,1029,1048]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">caeruleodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D865AFF35FBED" box="[153,253,1065,1083]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D865AFF35FBED" box="[153,253,1065,1083]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rio 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.09 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.16 Juruá)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF64862EFF74FB7B" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D862EFE8DFBA6" authority="Eirunepe" authorityName="Eirunepe" box="[153,325,1116,1136]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D862EFF17FBB9" box="[153,223,1117,1135]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
(Eirunepé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.18 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D86F2FF17FB45" box="[153,223,1153,1171]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D86F2FF17FB45" box="[153,223,1153,1171]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Porto 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.17 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.01 0.13 Walter)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF6486C7FF03FAD3" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D86C7FEC9FB11" box="[153,257,1204,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grillisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D86C7FEC9FB11" box="[153,257,1204,1223]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">grillisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D86A4FEF3FB3C" box="[153,315,1239,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marchesianus">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF4986A4FEF3FB3C" box="[189,315,1239,1258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">marchesianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.14 Treviso)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF648778FF36F9E4" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D877FFF24FAC8" box="[153,236,1292,1310]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D877FFF24FAC8" box="[153,236,1292,1310]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">masniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.21 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D875CFF2BFA94" box="[153,227,1327,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nidicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D875CFF2BFA94" box="[153,227,1327,1346]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">nidicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D8720FE84FAB0" authority="(Bahia)" baseAuthorityName="Bahia" box="[153,332,1362,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfersioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D8720FECAFAB0" box="[153,258,1363,1382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">olfersioides</emphasis>
|
||
(Bahia)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.14 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D8704FF16FA5F" box="[153,222,1399,1417]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D87E9FED7FA7B" box="[153,287,1434,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleovarzensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D87E9FED7FA7B" box="[153,287,1434,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">paleovarzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D87CEFEF3FA06" box="[153,315,1469,1488]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subfolionidificans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D87CEFEF3FA06" box="[153,315,1469,1488]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">subfolionidificans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D8791FF3FFA22" box="[153,247,1506,1524]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D8791FF3FFA22" box="[153,247,1506,1524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">sumtuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D8477FF3EF9C1" box="[153,246,1540,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D8477FF3EF9C1" box="[153,246,1540,1559]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">trilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.12 Departamento
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB0FF83844AFF18F99A" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" box="[119,208,1593,1612]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Huanuco)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC4FFB2FF648420FF1AFA71" blockId="20.[119,1875,642,1638]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,1284,2037]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC4FFB0FF6D8421FF3AF9B3" box="[153,242,1618,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC4FFB0FF6D8421FF3AF9B3" box="[153,242,1618,1637]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.11 Samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FEAC8777FDEEFACA" box="[344,550,1284,1309]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FEAC8777FDEEFACA" box="[344,550,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proceeding from the upper (Porto Walter, Acre State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC6FFB2FB498777FACBFACB" box="[1213,1283,1284,1309]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and middle (Eirunepé, Amazonas State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC6FFB2FE118755FDE3FAE9" box="[485,555,1318,1343]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) courses of the Juruá River are not monophyletic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC6FFB2FB648755FB20FAE9" box="[1168,1256,1318,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,208,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[183,1403,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Evolutionary relationships among Allobates magnussoni and other species of Allobates occurring in Brazil and across the Guiana Shield region, in northern Amazonia as inferred from an unrooted maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a 481 bp fragment of the 16 S rDNA mitochondrial gene. Clades highlighted in different colors correspond to species morphologically similar to A. magnussoni (A. crombiei, A. cf. flaviventris, A. gasconi), all of which present a dark-brown hourglass-shaped mark on dorsum. Clade labels indicate support values obtained from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only support values> 70 % are shown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252766/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), mean genetic distance between clades exceeding 7%. The most inclusive clades had extremely low support from bootstrap analyses and should not be regarded to reflect the true evolutionary relationships among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FB3A871FFAF0FA53" box="[1230,1336,1388,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FB3A871FFAF0FA53" box="[1230,1336,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples used.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC5FFB1FF638545FE50F833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252766/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" targetBox="[195,1391,208,1803]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC5FFB1FF638545FE50F833" blockId="21.[151,1436,1846,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FF638545FEE9F89D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1846,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Evolutionary relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FD7D8545FCA1F89A" box="[649,873,1846,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FD7D8545FCA1F89A" box="[649,873,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FBB28545FB6EF89A" box="[1094,1190,1846,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FBB28545FB6EF89A" box="[1094,1190,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in Brazil and across the Guiana Shield region, in northern Amazonia as inferred from an unrooted maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a 481bp fragment of the 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene. Clades highlighted in different colors correspond to species morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FE4185E0FD85F87E" box="[437,589,1939,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FE4185E0FD85F87E" box="[437,589,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FD9485E0FD10F87E" box="[608,728,1938,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FD9485E0FD10F87E" box="[608,728,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FD1D85E0FC56F87E" box="[745,926,1938,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FD1D85E0FD37F87E" box="[745,767,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">A.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FCD885E1FC56F87E" box="[812,926,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC5FFB1FC5A85E0FBD3F87E" box="[942,1051,1939,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC5FFB1FC5A85E0FBD3F87E" box="[942,1051,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="376">A. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), all of which present a dark-brown hourglass-shaped mark on dorsum. Clade labels indicate support values obtained from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only support values>70% are shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC6FFB2FF6381DDFF3BFB0E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252767/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" targetBox="[154,1432,176,924]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC6FFB2FF6381DDFF3BFB0E" blockId="22.[151,1436,942,1240]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FF6381DDFED7FC12" bold="true" box="[151,287,942,964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FE3781DDFD6AFC13" box="[451,674,942,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FE3781DDFD6AFC13" box="[451,674,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and position of type localities of morphologically similar species in genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FF6381BEFF3FFC35" box="[151,247,973,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FF6381BEFF3FFC35" box="[151,247,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern South America. Yellow stars: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FD2381BEFC71FC35" box="[727,953,973,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FD2381BEFC71FC35" box="[727,953,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s type locality, defined as Parque Nacional da Amazônia, on the left bank of the Tapajós River, south of the city of Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (2) and (3): Additional sampling records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FE9B8678FDCFFBF6" box="[367,519,1035,1056]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FE9B8678FDCFFBF6" box="[367,519,1035,1056]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Treviso and Jamanxim, both located on the right bank of the Tapajós River. Yellow circles, triangles and square indicate approximate geographic locations of precedence of voucher specimens used in the descriptions and re-descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FE09863BFD0AFB88" box="[509,706,1096,1118]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FE09863BFD0AFB88" box="[509,706,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FD3B863AFC96FB88" box="[719,862,1096,1118]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FD3B863AFC96FB88" box="[719,862,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FC64863AFBCEFB88" box="[912,1030,1096,1118]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FC64863AFBCEFB88" box="[912,1030,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. crombiei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. These three species share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FF388614FEABFBAB" box="[204,355,1127,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FF388614FEABFBAB" box="[204,355,1127,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of hourglass-shaped marks on dorsum. White dots correspond to permanent sampling sites subject to anuran surveys both by our research group and by Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (detailed information on location of sampling sites and biological surveys available at http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br) where the new species has not been detected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3566508FFC6FFB3FF3387C2FC6DFAD0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC6FFB2FF3387C2FAF9F96B" blockId="22.[151,1437,1284,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FF3387C2FD82FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,586,1457,1482]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FDAE87C2FC9AFA1F" box="[602,850,1457,1482]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FDAE87C2FC9AFA1F" box="[602,850,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Tapajós River basin, in forested areas on both riverbanks along the river’s central and lower course. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFC6FFB2FC3487A6FC38FA3B" box="[960,1008,1493,1517]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality consists of forests not subject to seasonal flooding (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FE7F8784FDCFF9D9" box="[395,519,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">terra-firme</emphasis>
|
||
forests) near headwater streams on the western bank of the Tapajós River within the limits of Parque Nacional da Amazônia, south of the city of Itaituba, Pará State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7613FFC6FFB2FBB1846AFB41F9E4" box="[1093,1161,1561,1586]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC6FFB2FB6D846AFB23F9E4" box="[1177,1259,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[154,1433,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Allobates magnussoni and position of type localities of morphologically similar species in genus Allobates in northern South America. Yellow stars: (1) Allobates magnussoni ’ s type locality, defined as Parque Nacional da Amazônia, on the left bank of the Tapajós River, south of the city of Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (2) and (3): Additional sampling records of A. magnussoni in Treviso and Jamanxim, both located on the right bank of the Tapajós River. Yellow circles, triangles and square indicate approximate geographic locations of precedence of voucher specimens used in the descriptions and re-descriptions of Allobates brunneus, A. flaviventris and A. crombiei, respectively. These three species share with A. magnussoni the presence of hourglass-shaped marks on dorsum. White dots correspond to permanent sampling sites subject to anuran surveys both by our research group and by Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (detailed information on location of sampling sites and biological surveys available at http: // ppbio. inpa. gov. br) where the new species has not been detected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252767/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is also known to occur on the east bank of the Tapajós River in forest areas managed for timber logging, south of Santarém (Treviso). The new species was not detected in areas surveyed by us or by other research groups along the interfluve between the Madeira and Purus rivers, or along the eastern bank of the Madeira River (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC6FFB2FACD84F2FA46F94C" box="[1337,1422,1665,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[154,1433,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Allobates magnussoni and position of type localities of morphologically similar species in genus Allobates in northern South America. Yellow stars: (1) Allobates magnussoni ’ s type locality, defined as Parque Nacional da Amazônia, on the left bank of the Tapajós River, south of the city of Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (2) and (3): Additional sampling records of A. magnussoni in Treviso and Jamanxim, both located on the right bank of the Tapajós River. Yellow circles, triangles and square indicate approximate geographic locations of precedence of voucher specimens used in the descriptions and re-descriptions of Allobates brunneus, A. flaviventris and A. crombiei, respectively. These three species share with A. magnussoni the presence of hourglass-shaped marks on dorsum. White dots correspond to permanent sampling sites subject to anuran surveys both by our research group and by Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (detailed information on location of sampling sites and biological surveys available at http: // ppbio. inpa. gov. br) where the new species has not been detected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252767/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FEE784D7FE70F96A" box="[275,440,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FEE784D7FE70F96A" box="[275,440,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to the Tapajós River basin, south of the Amazon River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC6FFB2FF3384B5FAD9F8F3" blockId="22.[151,1437,1284,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Like other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FE4884B5FDEEF909" box="[444,550,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FE4884B5FDEEF909" box="[444,550,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Allobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the region, individuals are generally active early in the morning and late in the afternoon. Most calling males can be found from 05:30 to 09:30h and again from 16:30h until dusk. Males call partially hidden beneath dead leaves in the forest floor, and are frequently found close to egg clutches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC6FFB2FF33855CFCF9F823" blockId="22.[151,1437,1284,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
|
||
At
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78821FFC6FFB2FF188543FED4F89E" box="[236,284,1840,1864]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality two nests were found in the leaf litter on folded leaves. One clutch had 18 embryos and the second only 3 tadpoles in Gosner developmental stage 25. In both clutches, the jelly was transparent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC6FFB2FAF38522FA9FF8BC" box="[1287,1367,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,917,939]" captionTargetBox="[319,1267,202,886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[313,1273,195,893]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Allobates magnussoni’s natural history. (A) Egg-clutch photographed immediately after oviposition. Note transparent jelly. (B) Clutch with 12 embryos. (C) Male captured while transporting seven tadpoles. (D) Dorsolateral view of an early metamorph. Note that the dorsal pattern of coloration is similar to that of adult specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252768/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The clutch with 18 embryos is thought to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FD118507FC43F85A" box="[741,907,1908,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FD118507FC43F85A" box="[741,907,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because a male was observed fleeing the nest. Tadpoles were also found in small headwater streams, with margins inhabited by a large number of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC6FFB2FA7085E4FED5F807" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC6FFB2FA7085E4FED5F807" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tentative broadcasts of a recorded advertisement call towards ten male specimens elicited territorial behavior, with males advancing toward the sound speakers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660BFFC7FFB3FF6381E6FBA9FC3F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252768/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[319,1267,202,886]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC7FFB3FF6381E6FBA9FC3F" blockId="23.[151,1436,917,1001]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC7FFB3FF6381E6FEEDFC7C" bold="true" box="[151,293,917,939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC7FFB3FEC681E6FDEEFC7D" box="[306,550,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC7FFB3FEC681E6FE5AFC7D" box="[306,402,917,939]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allobates</taxonomicName>
|
||
magnussoni’s
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
natural history. (A) Egg-clutch photographed immediately after oviposition. Note transparent jelly. (B) Clutch with 12 embryos. (C) Male captured while transporting seven tadpoles. (D) Dorsolateral view of an early metamorph. Note that the dorsal pattern of coloration is similar to that of adult specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33683FFC7FFB3FF338666FC6DFAD0" blockId="23.[151,1436,1045,1286]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Courtship behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D00FFC7FFB3FE318665FDA2FBFB" box="[453,618,1046,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA91FFC7FFB3FE318665FDA2FBFB" box="[453,618,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">A. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was registered in the morning of
|
||
<date id="FFF21043FFC7FFB3FC128665FB66FBF8" box="[998,1198,1045,1070]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" value="2002-02-24">24 February 2002</date>
|
||
at Treviso. A female approached a calling male, which left from below a folded leaf and moved towards her. The male reentered the leaf followed by the female at 07:50h. The male was seen leaving the leaf 45 min later (08:35h), while the female left at 08:53h. A clutch of
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<specimenCount id="9D4AFD0AFFC7FFB3FE8D86F1FE07FB4C" box="[377,463,1154,1178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" type="egg">13 eggs</specimenCount>
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was found within the leaf. At Treviso, 10 additional nests were found in the leaf litter, eight of which were empty (only jelly). The remaining clutches had 5 and 7 tadpoles, respectively. Both male (n = 4) and female (n = 1) tadpole transport behavior were observed. Males transported from two to seven tadpoles (
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<figureCitation id="13772A06FFC7FFB3FA9B86BAFF7CFAD0" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,917,939]" captionTargetBox="[319,1267,202,886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[313,1273,195,893]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Allobates magnussoni’s natural history. (A) Egg-clutch photographed immediately after oviposition. Note transparent jelly. (B) Clutch with 12 embryos. (C) Male captured while transporting seven tadpoles. (D) Dorsolateral view of an early metamorph. Note that the dorsal pattern of coloration is similar to that of adult specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252768/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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C), while the female was seen transporting six tadpoles on its back.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |