460 lines
49 KiB
XML
460 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="DC59331A3965E2E99EE0D316106C9AD1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194395" ID-GBIF-Dataset="824e203a-cf97-42ec-a9cb-a0515b6a1437" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194395" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460205527798" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Teynié, Alexandre, David, Patrick & Ohler, Annemarie" docDate="2010" docId="03D087F8FF90FF80AADDFE97FF74FA24" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02416p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2416" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol Ohler, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE9FF80FF93FF86AA4AFFDAFF9AFFD6" masterDocTitle="Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698236746070" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="29AC3B9AF08D68A66E1FE5934116C2D0">
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<mods:title id="ED201A663A25ACED597FE3D2EAF77EF4">Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="20832D7FE10914DAF65C777519E0A8E4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9C4963942BAB8F35872C9FFE5362EE49">Teynié, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F144644BA096BBCAE3A45F11E043130">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF92E0DDFDB2D3B80DBBFA95A9F55756">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2AC13413A97ADF16070EBC91D3088013">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="295BB11E2B1B4998ED4AA38094AE97B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1DCE50A94B591D0CC370F553B75A64E6">
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<mods:date id="23B132CFC24AE55C68B1268871A11533">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67AB212ACF65D16B22BEF323D7504504">2416</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="987C05A0AA055A3CFCEC75FC50F22B5D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C7B4C9346E25F79FA7AD90B033358B3C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="03D3FA05AC992BEC1D5BCD6D8DAB6A5E" type="GBIF-Dataset">824e203a-cf97-42ec-a9cb-a0515b6a1437</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A2075D8F42E31D6BF4F94E6BA4708B45" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087F8FF90FF80AADDFE97FF74FA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6197860" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124957094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6197860" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087F8FF90FF80AADDFE97FF74FA24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087F8FF90FF80AADDFE97FF74FA24" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C3636565FF90FF85AADDFE97FF75FE5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AADDFE97FD3CFEB1" blockId="3.[151,678,333,394]" box="[151,678,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D08E8182FF90FF85AADDFE97FD3CFEB1" bold="true" box="[151,678,333,359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AADDFE97FD3CFEB1" bold="true" box="[151,678,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF90FF85AADDFE97FDB8FEB1" ID-CoL="NPG4" authority="Ohler" authorityName="Ohler" box="[151,546,333,359]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Duttaphrynus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AADDFE97FF49FEB1" bold="true" box="[151,211,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AAAEFE97FE11FEB1" bold="true" box="[228,395,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85ABD6FE97FE48FEB1" bold="true" box="[412,466,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">totol</emphasis>
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Ohler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E5787FF90FF85A865FE97FD3CFEB1" box="[559,678,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AADDFEAAFF75FE5C" blockId="3.[151,678,333,394]" box="[151,239,368,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13422A6BFF90FF85AAD5FEAAFF79FE5C" box="[159,227,368,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,458,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1246,458,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol Ohler, spec. nov. Holotype, MNHN 2003.3373, adult female. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636565FF90FF85AADDFE60FD4EFE2C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AADDFE60FD4EFE2C" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AADDFE60FDA9FE02" bold="true" box="[151,563,442,468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF90FF85AADDFE60FE91FE02" box="[151,267,442,468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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by present designation
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE2BFF90FF85A808FE60FD07FE02" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[578,669,442,468]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2003.3373, adult female, between Lubukbasung and Maninjau, Province of Sumatera Barat, Sumatra,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF90FF85A810FE3AFD4AFE2C" box="[602,720,480,506]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636565FF90FF85AA8EFDDFFB03FDBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8EFDDFFB03FDBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AA8EFDDFFEA6FDC9" bold="true" box="[196,316,517,543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Small sized species of subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF90FF85A88DFDDFFCF2FDC8" box="[711,872,517,542]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85A88DFDDFFCF2FDC8" box="[711,872,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with spotted dorsal pattern; no keratinisation on dorsal skin protuberances; presence of cantal, pre-, supra- and postorbital crests with kertinized covering; presence of glandular zone on shank; parotoid glands extending laterally to upper arms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636565FF90FF80AA8EFDAFFA88FAC4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8EFDAFFB92FD59" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" box="[196,1032,629,655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AA8EFDAFFD87FD59" bold="true" box="[196,541,629,655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description of holophoront.</emphasis>
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MNHN 2003.3373, adult female (
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<figureCitation id="13422A6BFF90FF85A9F8FDAFFC6DFD59" box="[946,1015,629,655]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,458,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1246,458,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol Ohler, spec. nov. Holotype, MNHN 2003.3373, adult female. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8CFD40FAB5FD62" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" box="[198,1327,666,692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(A)
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AABCFD40FD96FD65" box="[246,524,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Size and general aspect</emphasis>
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. (1) Specimen of moderate size (SVL
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A99AFD40FBA6FD62" box="[976,1084,666,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="46.8">46.8 mm</quantity>
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), body rather robust.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8CFD1AFB3EFBD2" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(B)
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AABFFD1AFEAFFD0F" box="[245,309,704,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
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. (2) Head of moderate size, wider (16.0 mm) than long (HL
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||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE43FD1AFBEFFD0C" box="[1033,1141,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
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; MN
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AEF0FD1AFABCFD0C" box="[1210,1318,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="11.8">11.8 mm</quantity>
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; MFE
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AF3DFD1AFF51FD29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
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||
; MBE
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AB6EFD3FFE10FD29" box="[292,394,741,767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
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), flat. (3) Snout rounded, slightly protruding, its length (SL
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AEDAFD3FFB69FD29" box="[1168,1267,741,767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
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) shorter than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A856FCD0FD1AFCF2" box="[540,640,778,804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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). (4) Canthus rostralis distinct, loreal region concave, vertical in relation to surface of upper head. (5) Interorbital space concave, larger (IUE
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE5EFCEAFBEAFC9C" box="[1044,1136,816,842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
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) than upper eyelid (UEW
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AADDFC8FFF6CFCB9" box="[151,246,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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), and than internasal distance (IN
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A8C5FC8FFD6AFCB9" box="[655,752,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
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); distance between front of eyes (IFE
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AEFDFC8FFA8EFCB9" box="[1207,1300,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
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||
) more than half distance between back of eyes (IBE
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||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A839FCA0FD7AFC42" box="[627,736,890,916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
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). (6) Nostrils oval without flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 1.0 mm) than to eye (EN
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<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85ABB7FC7AFDC6FC6C" box="[509,604,928,954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
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). (7) Pupil indistinct. (8) Tympanum (
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<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF90FF85AE56FC7AFBC0FC6C" box="[1052,1114,928,954]" name="Chad" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TYD</collectingCountry>
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||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE28FC7AFB25FC6C" box="[1122,1215,928,954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
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||
) distinct, rounded; tympanum-eye distance (TYE
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A84CFC1FFDFEFC09" box="[518,612,965,991]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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) less than fifth its diameter. (9) Pineal ocellus absent. (10) Vomerine ridge and teeth absent. (11) Tongue small, oval, entire; median lingual projection absent.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8CFBCAFEBCFB32" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
(C)
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AABFFBCAFEF6FBFF" box="[245,364,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Forelimbs</emphasis>
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||
. (12) Arm moderate, thin, (FLL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A8A5FBCAFCD7FBFC" box="[751,845,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
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||
), shorter than hand (HAL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AEC8FBCAFB75FBFC" box="[1154,1263,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
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||
), not enlarged. (13) Finger I long, rather strong; finger II short, rather thin; finger III long, (TFL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE3CFBEFFB4DFB99" box="[1142,1239,1077,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
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||
), thin; finger IV long, thin. (14) Relative length, shortest to longest: I <II <IV <III. (15) Tips of fingers pointed. (16) Dermal fringe on finger II; webbing absent. (17) Subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, single, all present. (18) Prepollex oval, distinct; one round prominent palmar tubercle; numerous supernumerary tubercles irregularly set on palm.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8CFB2AFF70F98C" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
(D)
|
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<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AABDFB2AFEEBFADF" box="[247,369,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hindlimbs</emphasis>
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||
. (19) Shanks four times longer (TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A96AFB2AFC16FADC" box="[800,908,1264,1290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
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||
) than wide (TW
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE1DFB2AFB2CFADC" box="[1111,1206,1264,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), shorter than thigh (FL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AA81FACFFEA0FAF9" box="[203,314,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and about as long as distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AADDFAE0FE9EFA82" box="[151,260,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (20) Toes long, thin, toe IV (FTL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A8D5FAE0FD61FA82" box="[671,763,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
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||
) more than one third of distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe IV (TFOL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AB29FABAFE4BFAAC" box="[355,465,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="25.5">25.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (21) Relative length of toes, shortest to longest: I <II <V <III <IV. (22) Tips of toes pointed. (23) Webbing small:
|
||
<date id="FFC7102EFF90FF85A861FA5FFDECFA49" box="[555,630,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I 1 – 2</date>
|
||
1/
|
||
<date id="FFC7102EFF90FF85A8D9FA5FFD24FA49" box="[659,702,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2 II</date>
|
||
1 –
|
||
<date id="FFC7102EFF90FF85A8BBFA5FFC9AFA49" box="[753,768,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</date>
|
||
III 1 1/2 –
|
||
<date id="FFC7102EFF90FF85A9CEFA5FFC09FA49" box="[900,915,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</date>
|
||
IV 3 – 1 1/
|
||
<date id="FFC7102EFF90FF85AE5DFA5FFBD2FA49" box="[1047,1096,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2 V.</date>
|
||
(WTF n. m.; WFF n. m.; WI n. m.; WII n. m.; MTTF 8.0 mm; MTFF
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A83EFA70FD4BFA12" box="[628,721,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TFTF
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A962FA70FC1FFA12" box="[808,901,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; FFTF
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A990FA70FBA3FA12" box="[986,1081,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (24) Dermal fringe along toe V absent. (25) Subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, simple, all present. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle short, prominent; its length (IMT
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A876FA2FFD06F9D9" box="[572,668,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) 1.35 times in length of toe I (ITL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AE1EFA2FFB22F9D9" box="[1108,1208,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (27) Tarsal ridge indistinct. (28) Outer metatarsal tubercle rounded flat; numerous supernumerary tubercles; tarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF90FF85AA8CF9BFFAFCF87C" blockId="3.[151,1437,442,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
(E)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF90FF85AAB2F9BFFEB1F9A8" box="[248,299,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Skin</emphasis>
|
||
. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, between eyes, side of head smooth; anterior and posterior part of back with flat warts in middle part, with distinct glandular warts on sides; flanks with glandular warts bearing horny spinules, denser in lower part. (30) Latero-dorsal folds absent; lateral line system absent, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF90FF85AB16F90FFE44F939" box="[348,478,1749,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">fejervarya</taxonomicName>
|
||
” line absent; supratympanic fold absent; canthal, pre-, supra- and post-orbital cephalic ridges present, covered by brown horny layer; co-ossified skin absent. (31) Dorsal parts of limbs: forelimb, thigh and tarsus with glandular warts, shank smooth. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest, belly and thigh with fine glandular warts. (33) Macroglands: parotoid glands present, closely folded upon tympanum, reniform, prominent, perforate, three times longer (PL 13.0 mm) than wide (PW
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85AF3DF8B0FF53F87C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), distance between them (PD
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF90FF85A86CF84AFD1BF87C" box="[550,641,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) about half their length; large area of glandular skin on shanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF97FF82AA8CFF42FC7EFE91" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(F)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF97FF82AAB8FF42FE6AFF67" box="[242,496,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coloration in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
. (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: head, dorsum and upper part of flanks grey with black fine markings forming disruptive network; lower part of flank bluish grey with whitish spots; loreal region grey with black markings; tympanic region dorsally grey, ventrally with whitish warts; tympanum grey; upper lip whitish. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: gray with black marks. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: whitish, only throat whitish with few black spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF97FF82AA8EFE88FB50FEBA" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,364]" box="[196,1226,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(G)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF97FF82AABEFE88FDB8FEBD" box="[244,546,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female sexual characters</emphasis>
|
||
. Oviduct not observed; dark brown and whitish ovocytes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF066666FF97FF82AADDF99AFC96F9A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[338,1245,458,1564]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF97FF82AADDF99AFC96F9A1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1600,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF97FF82AADDF99AFE80F98E" bold="true" box="[151,282,1600,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF97FF82AB6BF99AFDE6F981" authority="Ohler" authorityName="Ohler" box="[289,636,1600,1623]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Duttaphrynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF97FF82AB6BF99AFDADF981" box="[289,567,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol</emphasis>
|
||
Ohler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E5787FF97FF82A8C2F99AFD69F981" box="[648,755,1600,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype, MNHN 2003.3373, adult female. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF066666FF96FF83AADDF9A1FE76F964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194397/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1436,178,1631]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF96FF83AADDF9A1FE76F964" blockId="5.[151,1436,1659,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83AADDF9A1FE83F945" bold="true" box="[151,281,1659,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83AB6BF9A1FDFFF944" authority="Peters, 1971" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[289,613,1659,1682]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83AB6BF9A1FE4DF944" box="[289,471,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1971
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype, ZMB 6292, young. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF96FF83AA8EF93AFCB5F8F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1760,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83AA8EF93AFDDDF92C" bold="true" box="[196,583,1760,1786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comparison with other species</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF96FF83A81FF93BFDECF92D" box="[597,630,1761,1787]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83A956F93BFC27F92C" box="[796,957,1761,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83A956F93BFC27F92C" box="[796,957,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it can be distinguished by the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83AADDF8DCFED9F8C9" box="[151,323,1798,1823]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ingerophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83AADDF8DCFED9F8C9" box="[151,323,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ingerophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of parietal ridges on head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF96FF80AA8EF8F1FC4CFF2A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1760,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The two poorly known species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83A80FF8F6FC37F893" authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[581,941,1835,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83A80FF8F6FC8AF893" box="[581,784,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83A9A3F8F6FA0DF893" authority="Meade-Waldo, 1908" authorityName="Meade-Waldo" authorityYear="1908" box="[1001,1431,1835,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valhallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83A9A3F8F6FB02F893" box="[1001,1176,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo valhallae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF96FF83AEEBF8F1FA0DF893" author="Meade-Waldo" box="[1185,1431,1835,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Meade-Waldo, G. (1908) Description of a new species of toad from Sumatra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 1908, 786 - 788, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1908">Meade-Waldo, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have no cranial crests.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83ABEBF88BFDD6F8BC" box="[417,588,1873,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valhallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83ABEBF88BFDD6F8BC" box="[417,588,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo valhallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on two adult females from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF96FF83A9B8F88BFBB2F8BD" box="[1010,1064,1873,1899]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pulo</collectingCountry>
|
||
Whe
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF96FF83AE27F88BFB2DF8BD" box="[1133,1207,1873,1899]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF96FF83AEB6F88BFAA5F8BD" box="[1276,1343,1873,1899]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pulau</collectingCountry>
|
||
We, off North Sumatra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF96FF83AB16F8ACFDC6F846" author="Meade-Waldo" box="[348,604,1910,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Meade-Waldo, G. (1908) Description of a new species of toad from Sumatra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 1908, 786 - 788, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1908">Meade-Waldo, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Original description gives a color drawing of one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF96FF83AF60F8ACFA03F846" box="[1322,1433,1910,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. These specimens are distinctly larger and have larger tympanum than the new species decribed here. The web on feet of this species is distinctly larger. Shape of parotoid gland is less elongate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF96FF83AEC4F81BFAA6F80C" box="[1166,1340,1985,2010]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valhallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF96FF83AEC4F81BFAA6F80C" box="[1166,1340,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo valhallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two glands are separated by approximately their width, whereas the distance of the two glands is about half length or about 1.5 times their witdth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A8CEFF67FD67FF00" box="[644,765,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A8CEFF67FD67FF00" box="[644,765,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The figured
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80A9E9FF67FB9AFF01" box="[931,1024,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AE61FF67FB46FF00" box="[1067,1244,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valhallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AE61FF67FB46FF00" box="[1067,1244,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo valhallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a line of large warts on the flank; these warts are not present in the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFED2FCFCFD41" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AA8EFED2FE16FEF7" box="[196,396,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AA8EFED2FE16FEF7" box="[196,396,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by Peters (1871) on a single specimen, obviously a young from “aus dem inneren Sumatra” [from the interior Sumatra], and never collected since. We carefully studied the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80AF7EFEF7FA06FE91" box="[1332,1436,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZMB 6292, young; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF95FF80ABABFE88FDCFFEBA" box="[481,597,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="34.1">34.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; fig. 2) and give description in Appendix 1. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80AE8DFE88FAAFFEBA" box="[1223,1333,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AF28FE88FEBAFE47" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AF28FE88FEBAFE47" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows after detailed examination no cephalic ridges. The glandular region on shank is completely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AB46FE47FE43FE60" box="[268,473,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AB46FE47FE43FE60" box="[268,473,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsum is regularly covered by distinct glandular warts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AEACFE47FA0EFE60" box="[1254,1428,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AEACFE47FA0EFE60" box="[1254,1428,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas only flat, indistinct warts con be found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A8A6FE18FCFAFE0D" box="[748,864,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A8A6FE18FCFAFE0D" box="[748,864,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape of parotoids is oval, twice as long as wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AABDFE32FE39FDD7" box="[247,419,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AABDFE32FE39FDD7" box="[247,419,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two glands are parallel, distance between them is equal to their length; while the parotoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AB00FDD7FE3AFDF0" box="[330,416,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AB00FDD7FE3AFDF0" box="[330,416,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much longer than wide, the two glands are diverging posteriorly and distance is only half their length. Subarticular tubercles can be paired in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A906FDE8FB81FD9D" box="[844,1051,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A906FDE8FB81FD9D" box="[844,1051,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wheras those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AEBFFDE8FAF4FD9D" box="[1269,1390,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AEBFFDE8FAF4FD9D" box="[1269,1390,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always single.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AB0DFD82FD8AFDA7" box="[327,528,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AB0DFD82FD8AFDA7" box="[327,528,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a dark spot on upper lip below the eye; no such spot is present in the new species where the upper lip is of uniformly white colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFD78FA88FAC4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The new species is clearly a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A8FFFD78FC29FD6A" authority="(Duttaphrynus)" baseAuthorityName="Duttaphrynus" box="[693,947,674,700]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A8FFFD78FD75FD6D" box="[693,751,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A948FD78FC30FD6D" box="[770,938,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus as it has cranial crests but no parietal crests. The only other member of this subgenus in Sumatra is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A9AFFD12FA02FD34" authority="Schneider, 1799" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1799" box="[997,1432,712,738]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A9AFFD12FB51FD37" box="[997,1227,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
Schneider, 1799
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparison with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80ABDDFD37FD98FCD1" box="[407,514,749,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZMB 3462, adult male) shows numerous differences concerning tympanum, hand morphology, foot morphology webbing and skin structures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF95FF80A9E5FCC8FB26FCFA" author="Dubois" box="[943,1212,786,812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" refString="Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (1999) Asian and Oriental toads of the Bufo melanostictus, Bufo scaber and Bufo stejnegeri groups (Amphibia, Anura): a list of available and valid names and description of some name bearing types. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4 (2), 133 - 180." type="journal article" year="1999">Dubois & Ohler 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The size of adult female is smaller in the new species than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A8D2FCE2FCEDFC87" box="[664,887,824,849]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A8D2FCE2FCEDFC87" box="[664,887,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF95FF80A9CCFCE2FB4BFC84" author="Manthey" box="[902,1233,824,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" refString="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilien Sudostasiens. Natur und Tier - Verlag, Munster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey & Grossman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF95FF80AE96FCE2FAF0FC84" box="[1244,1386,824,850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="91.0" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="66.0">66–116 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF95FF80AF3CFCE2FE83FCA1" author="Fei" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" refString="Fei, L, Ye, C. & Huang, Y. (1991) Key to Chinese Amphibia. Sciences and Technology Press, Chongqing, [iv] + 2 pp. + 364 pp. [In Chinese]." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
Fei
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AADDFC87FF48FCA0" box="[151,210,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF95FF80AB6FFC87FE2FFCA1" box="[293,437,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="103.5" valueMax="112.0" valueMin="95.0">95–112 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B1FFF95FF80AB8BFC87FDDCFCA1" author="Inger" box="[449,582,861,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" refString="Inger, R. F., 1966. The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B0BFF95FF80A818FC87FC98FCA1" box="[594,770,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.469999999999999" metricValueMax="8.379999999999999" metricValueMin="6.56" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="74.69999999999999" valueMax="83.8" valueMin="65.6">65.6–83.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The tympanum of the new species is slightly relatively smaller than the tympanum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A85FFC58FC99FC4D" box="[533,771,898,923]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A85FFC58FC99FC4D" box="[533,771,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80A946FC58FC18FC4A" box="[780,898,898,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Relative length of fingers is II<IV<I<II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AADDFC72FEA1FC14" box="[151,315,936,962]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">melanostictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but I<II<IV<III in the new species. Finger tips are rounded, no fingers have dermal fringe and subarticular tubercles on hand may be double in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A8A4FC17FC42FC30" box="[750,984,973,998]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A8A4FC17FC42FC30" box="[750,984,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A9A3FC17FBF9FC30" box="[1001,1123,973,998]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A9A3FC17FBF9FC30" box="[1001,1123,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has pointed finger tips, a dermal fringe on finger II and all subarticular tubercles are single. Shanks are more stocky and foot longer than shank in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AB76FBC2FE65FBE7" box="[316,511,1048,1073]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AB76FBC2FE65FBE7" box="[316,511,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more elongate and only as long as foot in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AE67FBC2FB38FBE7" box="[1069,1186,1048,1073]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AE67FBC2FB38FBE7" box="[1069,1186,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The webbing is less developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AB7DFBE7FD83FB80" box="[311,537,1085,1110]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AB7DFBE7FD83FB80" box="[311,537,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where 3 ½ phalanges are free of web whereas only 3 phalanges are free of web in the new species. Inner metatarsal tubercle is relatively shorter (half length of inner toe) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AFC8FBB9FEA0FB77" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AFC8FBB9FEA0FB77" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but 2/3 of length of inner toe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A881FB52FCB8FB77" box="[715,802,1160,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A881FB52FCB8FB77" box="[715,802,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A919FB52FC53FB77" box="[851,969,1160,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80A919FB52FC53FB77" box="[851,969,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the large middorsal warts typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AFC9FB52FEA2FB10" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AFC9FB52FEA2FB10" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are absent and the dorsal warts are not covered by horny layer. Parotoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AEE8FB77FA1BFB10" box="[1186,1409,1197,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AEE8FB77FA1BFB10" box="[1186,1409,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is kidney shaped and only slightly extends down behind tympanum; the shape of the parotoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80AF42FB09FA1AFB3A" box="[1288,1408,1235,1260]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AF42FB09FA1AFB3A" box="[1288,1408,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo totol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very particular as it largely extends downwards behind tympanum touching almost the upper arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636565FF95FF80AA8EFAC7FB24FA8A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFAC7FB24FA8A" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AA8EFAC7FED5FAE1" bold="true" box="[196,335,1309,1335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet is the Indonesian word “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D6DFF95FF80A9C3FAC7FC5DFAE1" box="[905,967,1309,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totol">totol</taxonomicName>
|
||
” which, in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AE1DFAC7FAA7FAE0" box="[1111,1341,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Bahasia
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E767EFF95FF80AE8EFAC7FAA7FAE0" box="[1220,1341,1309,1334]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, means “spotted”. It is an adjective that we treat here as a noun in apposition and hence invariable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636565FF95FF80AA8EFABDFC30FA54" box="[196,938,1383,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFABDFC30FA54" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" box="[196,938,1383,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AA8EFABDFE62FA57" bold="true" box="[196,504,1383,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution on Sumatra</emphasis>
|
||
. Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2884CFF95FF80A958FAB2FCDEFA54" box="[786,836,1384,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636565FF95FF80AA8EFA57FF74FA24" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFA57FADBFA71" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" box="[196,1345,1421,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AA8EFA57FEBAFA71" bold="true" box="[196,288,1421,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. The sole available specimen is a female in breeding condition found on a road in forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636EEFF95FF80AA8EFA68FF74FA24" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AA8EFA68FE5EFA1A" bold="true" box="[196,452,1458,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nomenclatural note</emphasis>
|
||
. The authorship of this new species should appear as “Ohler
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAFCFF95FF80AEFBFA69FB53FA1A" box="[1201,1225,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in</emphasis>
|
||
Teynié, David & Ohler”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |