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<document id="5E2787BB924318C22C8A16EA12469ECC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8603d4d1-efc8-44bb-84ae-76d3d8dd8161" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191476" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461128727612" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo, Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, Lynch, John D. &amp; Fernandes, Ronaldo" docDate="2009" docId="03D087ECAA4C7746FF11B6CC1761278D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02293p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2293" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atractus microrhynchus Cope 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFE9FF94AA5E7755FF86B32815112046" masterDocTitle="Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698597252759" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AF92FE24C7074780A5C1431831205269">Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="810E95688BA595EE52D1E9568DADEF5F">Lynch, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D087ECAA4C7746FF11B6CC1761278D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087ECAA4C7746FF11B6CC1761278D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087ECAA4C7746FF11B6CC1761278D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4C7747FF11B6CC177325B8" box="[151,610,1508,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7747FF11B6CC177325B8" blockId="18.[151,610,1508,1534]" box="[151,610,1508,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D08E8196AA4C7747FF11B6CC177325B8" bold="true" box="[151,610,1508,1534]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B6CC177325B8" authority="Cope, 1868" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,610,1508,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B6CC177325B8" bold="true" box="[151,610,1508,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B6CC14AC25B8" bold="true" box="[151,445,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4C7747FE4AB6CC174825B8" author="Cope" box="[460,601,1508,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) Fourth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1865, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4C7747FF11B505110F2682" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7747FF11B505112F2602" blockId="18.[151,1238,1581,1732]" box="[151,1086,1581,1604]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B50517452602" authority="Cope, 1868" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,596,1581,1604]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhynchum">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B50514C12602" box="[151,464,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhabdosoma microrhynchum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4C7747FE50B50517452602" author="Cope" box="[470,596,1581,1604]" pageId="18" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) Fourth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1865, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1868:102.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7747FF11B565112D26C2" blockId="18.[151,1238,1581,1732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B56514462622" box="[151,343,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B56515E02622" box="[151,241,1613,1636]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
badius—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4C7747FED0B565171A2622" author="Boulenger" box="[342,523,1613,1636]" pageId="18" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). vol. 3 Trustees of the British Museum, London, U. K., 364 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
; Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum vol. 2:308. (part.).
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B545148726C2" box="[151,406,1645,1668]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B545148726C2" box="[151,406,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Savage, 1960; Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 112:2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7747FF11B5A5110F2682" blockId="18.[151,1238,1581,1732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B5A5144626E2" box="[151,343,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B5A515E026E2" box="[151,241,1677,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
badius—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4C7747FED0B5A5175A26E2" author="Dixon" box="[342,587,1677,1700]" pageId="18" pageNumber="32" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1977) The reptiles of the upper Amazon Basim, Iquitos Region, Peru. Contribuitions in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 12, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1977">Dixon and Soini, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; Contrib. Biol. Geol. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. 12:33.
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B58514BF2682" box="[151,430,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FF11B58515E02682" box="[151,241,1709,1732]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
microrhynchus—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4C7747FE28B58517B32682" author="Dixon" box="[430,674,1709,1732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="32" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1986) The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, E. U. A., 160 pp." type="book" year="1986">Dixon and Soini, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Milwaukee Public Museum 12:52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4C7747FF11B5DC1126271D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7747FF11B5DC1126271D" blockId="18.[151,1436,1780,2038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF11B5DC14052748" bold="true" box="[151,276,1780,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4C7747FF11B5DC141E2748" box="[151,271,1780,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Unknown sex, California Academy of Science (
<collectionCode id="ED68AE3FAA4C7747FCD1B5DC16832748" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[855,914,1780,1806]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CAS</collectionCode>
6693), from Guayaquil (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA4C7747FB38B5DC100E2748" box="[1214,1311,1780,1806]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-2.1666667">02º10S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA4C7747FAABB5DC10862748" box="[1325,1431,1780,1806]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-79.9">79º54W</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4C7747FF39B43215EC2772" box="[191,253,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
), province of Guayas,
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4C7747FD85B43217762772" box="[515,615,1818,1844]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, collected by the Orton Expedition in 1865. Savage (1960) pointed out that the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4C7747FF73B469144D271D" box="[245,348,1857,1883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was missing at the
<collectionCode id="ED68AE3FAA4C7747FDC4B469176A271D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[578,635,1857,1883]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CAS</collectionCode>
and it is probably lost (see Remarks).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4C7746FF40B440143D221D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4C7746FF40B4401060209E" blockId="18.[151,1436,1780,2038]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FF40B440145927C4" bold="true" box="[198,328,1896,1922]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4C7747FED7B440177A27C7" box="[337,619,1896,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4C7747FED7B440177A27C7" box="[337,619,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsals; (2) one or two postoculars; (3) loreal long; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) unknown number of infralabials, first two contacting chinshields; (12) dorsum uniformly dark brown, with a incomplete occipital light band; (13) venter light brown with dark brown dots in the lateral region of ventrals; (14) small body size (but the age and sex were unreported in the original description, likely based on a juvenile specimen),
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FB95B3961168209E" box="[1043,1145,190,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
about
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4D7746FB4FB396103A209E" box="[1225,1323,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SVL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B3CD143D221D" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF40B3CD146720B9" bold="true" box="[198,374,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comparisons:</emphasis>
The brief data available from original description are inadequate to distinguish it from many
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FF58B22414502163" box="[222,321,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF58B22414502163" box="[222,321,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having 17 scale rows and uniform colour pattern. Still, the lacking of illustration on description precludes the confirmation of some uncommon
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FD5FB21A162E210D" box="[729,831,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FD5FB21A162E210D" box="[729,831,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features (only two pairs of infralabials contacting chinshields) of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FECDB27117082134" box="[331,537,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FECDB27117082134" box="[331,537,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nonetheless, if the original description is accurate,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FBFBB271105D2134" box="[1149,1356,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FBFBB271105D2134" box="[1149,1356,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares only with
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE97B2A8114321DF" box="[273,1106,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE97B2A814F521DF" box="[273,484,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alphonsehogei">A. alphonsehogei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE77B2A8179221DF" box="[497,643,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caxiuana">A. caxiuana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FD09B2A8161E21DF" box="[655,783,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">A. collaris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FC9AB2A8168E21DF" box="[796,927,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">A. gaigeae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FC2AB2A8115C21DF" box="[940,1101,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limitaneus">A. limitaneus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FB0BB2A8100D21DF" box="[1165,1308,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surucucu">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FB0BB2A8100D21DF" box="[1165,1308,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. surucucu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 17 dorsal scale rows; seven infralabials, with third and fourth contacting orbit; dorsum uniformly dark brown colour; incomplete occipital light band; and lateral portion of ventral scales dark brown pigmented.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FAB4B2E51454224B" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FAB4B2E51454224B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from these six species in having a light brown venter and only two pairs of infralabials contacting chinshields (vs. venter uniformly creamish white and three pair of infralabials contacting chinshields).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4D7746FF40B14F179D2442" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B14F17242305" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF40B14F179122C7" bold="true" box="[198,640,615,641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Description (according
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FE6CB14F176322C7" author="Cope" box="[490,626,615,641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) Fourth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1865, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope 1868</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Rostral broader than high; nasal divided; prenasal higher; internasal of similar size to postnasal; postnasal 1/6 of the parietal size; frontal sub-triangular; parietal longer than wide; loreal long; sixth supralabial longer than high; one or two postoculars; temporal 1+2; upper posterior temporals elongate; seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; first pair of infralabials in contact behind symphisial, preventing symphisial/chinshields contact; first two infralabials contacting chinshields; 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B067179D2442" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF40B0671652232F" bold="true" box="[198,835,847,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Colour in preservative (according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FD2EB0671625232F" author="Cope" box="[680,820,847,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) Fourth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1865, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope 1868</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Dorsum of head with black cap, extending from frontal to neck; black cap interrupted by incomplete creamish yellow occipital band; occipital band extends from parietals to rictus of mouth; background of head dark brown to median portion of supralabials; supralabials with light brown ventral margin; venter light brown with lateral portion of ventrals dark brown pigmented; dorsum uniformly dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4D7746FF40B738113D2414" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B738113D2414" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF40B7381478246C" bold="true" box="[198,361,1040,1066]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from Guayaquil in the province of Guayas,
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FB95B7391166246D" box="[1043,1143,1041,1067]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FB04B739108A246C" box="[1154,1435,1041,1066]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FB04B739108A246C" box="[1154,1435,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently inhabits Lowland Seasonal Evergreen forest near sea level (
<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA4D7746FC53B710110C2414" box="[981,1053,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,254,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,904,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,890,1812]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of the Atractus paucidens species group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191482/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4D7746FF40B7761761278D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B77617282664" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF40B7761453243E" bold="true" box="[198,322,1118,1144]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FECDB77614F1243E" author="Cope" box="[331,480,1118,1144]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) Fourth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1865, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope (1868)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FDE6B77716AB243E" box="[608,954,1119,1144]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhynchum">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FDE6B77716AB243E" box="[608,954,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhabdosoma microrhynchum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a single individual, suggesting it was close related to
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE26B7AD174B24D8" box="[416,602,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE26B7AD174B24D8" box="[416,602,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus badius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FDECB7AD17EE24D9" author="Cope" box="[618,767,1157,1183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Cope, E. D. (1871) [dated 1870] Eighth contribution to herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings American Philosophical Society, 11, 553 - 559." type="journal article" year="1871">Cope (1871)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FCF6B7AD115B24D8" box="[880,1098,1157,1182]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhynchum">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FCF6B7AD115B24D8" box="[880,1098,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. microrhynchum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pebas (= Pevas) in the Amazon lowlands of
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FE1DB78414C32480" box="[411,466,1196,1222]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
on the basis of new material also from the Orton Expedition.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FB40B784108C2480" author="Boulenger" box="[1222,1437,1196,1222]" pageId="19" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). vol. 3 Trustees of the British Museum, London, U. K., 364 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger (1896)</bibRefCitation>
redefined the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE16B7FB14E624AA" box="[400,503,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE16B7FB14E624AA" box="[400,503,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FD59B7FB16D124AA" box="[735,960,1235,1260]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhynchum">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FD59B7FB16D124AA" box="[735,960,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. microrhynchum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FB81B7FB116A24AA" box="[1031,1147,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FB81B7FB116A24AA" box="[1031,1147,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. badius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without providing any comments. Savage (1960) resurrected
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FDDAB7D1163D2554" box="[604,812,1273,1298]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FDDAB7D1163D2554" box="[604,812,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but considered that because Copes description was so brief, the taxonomic status of this species could not be accurately addressed.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FBFEB608108C257C" author="Dixon" box="[1144,1437,1312,1338]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1977) The reptiles of the upper Amazon Basim, Iquitos Region, Peru. Contribuitions in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 12, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1977">Dixon and Soini (1977)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE58B66F17A02526" box="[478,689,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE58B66F17A02526" box="[478,689,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FD70B66F16792526" box="[758,872,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FD70B66F16792526" box="[758,872,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. badius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens from the Iquitos region in
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FF11B64515C125C1" box="[151,208,1389,1415]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
, stating that the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FE0BB64514AE25C1" box="[397,447,1389,1415]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality was erroneous and the species was probably Amazonian.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FB43B645108A25C1" author="Hoogmoed" box="[1221,1435,1389,1415]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1980) Revision of the genus Atractus in Surinam, with the resurrection of two species (Colubridae, Reptilia). Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VII. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 175, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogmoed (1980)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FED3B6BC14D325E8" box="[341,450,1428,1454]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE6AB6BC174D25EB" box="[492,604,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE6AB6BC174D25EB" box="[492,604,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. badius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and did not consider
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FCE4B6BC112425EB" box="[866,1077,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FCE4B6BC112425EB" box="[866,1077,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of that species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FF11B69214AB2592" author="Dixon" box="[151,442,1466,1492]" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" refString="Dixon, J. R. &amp; Soini, P. (1986) The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, E. U. A., 160 pp." type="book" year="1986">Dixon and Soini (1986)</bibRefCitation>
re-considered their synonymy and refered to the same specimens as
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FA8AB693145425BC" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FA8AB69310652592" box="[1292,1396,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF11B6C9145425BC" box="[151,325,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Dixon and Soini specimens actually refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FC11B6C9111625BC" box="[919,1031,1505,1530]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FC11B6C9111625BC" box="[919,1031,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recently described by Hoogmoed and Prudente (2002) (Passos 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4D7746FF40B5061761278D" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FF78B5061420260E" box="[254,305,1582,1608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE39B50717CB260E" box="[447,730,1583,1608]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE39B50717CB260E" box="[447,730,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Guayaquil in
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FC21B506111A260E" box="[935,1035,1582,1608]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, but there are no other reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FF11B57D14112628" box="[151,256,1621,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FF11B57D14112628" box="[151,256,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this locality (Savage 1960;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4D7746FD22B57D11362629" author="Peters" box="[676,1063,1621,1647]" pageId="19" pageNumber="33" refString="Peters, J. A. &amp; Orejas-Miranda, B. (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical Squanata: Part I. Snakes. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 297, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters &amp; Orejas-Miranda 1970</bibRefCitation>
; Passos 2008). Savage (1960) suggested the possibility that the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FD9BB554175E26D0" box="[541,591,1660,1686]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality was in error, given that the Orton Expedition collected material also in the Amazonian lowlands. Given the possibility of an incorrect
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FC40B58A16E826FA" box="[966,1017,1698,1724]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality, brief available description, and loss of the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FEC1B5E114BF26A5" box="[327,430,1737,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE52B5E117B226A4" box="[468,675,1737,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE52B5E117B226A4" box="[468,675,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. microrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, perhaps we should consider it as a
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FBC1B5E111E526A4" box="[1095,1268,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nomen dubium</emphasis>
(ICNZ 1999). Nevertheless, most snake species from the Orton Expedition labelled from the Pacific lowlands of
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FA9AB5D8106F274C" box="[1308,1406,1776,1802]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
in fact occur there (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FE23B43F17952776" box="[421,644,1815,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropidophiidae" genus="Trachyboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FE23B43F17952776" box="[421,644,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trachyboa gularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FD13B43F16442776" box="[661,853,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pelamis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FD13B43F16442776" box="[661,853,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pelamis bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FC1CB43F11812776" box="[922,1168,1815,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mipartitus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FC1CB43F11812776" box="[922,1168,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Micrurus mipartitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore, recent specimens from the Pacific lowlands of
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4D7746FDF7B41517C22711" box="[625,723,1853,1879]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
collected a few kilometres from the
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4D7746FB00B41511A82711" box="[1158,1209,1853,1879]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality apparently conform well to Copes description, suggesting it may be a valid taxon (D. Cisneros-Heredia, pers. comm.). Therefore, we prefer to maintain the
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FDD3B4A317C127E2" box="[597,720,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">status quo</emphasis>
of recognizing
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4D7746FC09B4A3117B27E2" box="[911,1130,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4D7746FC09B4A3117727E2" box="[911,1126,1931,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhynchus">A. microrhynchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
while waiting the formal report of the aforementioned specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>