256 lines
29 KiB
XML
256 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7353098" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534070963" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton" docDate="1993" docId="03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Muridae.501-755.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Rattus rattus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="658" masterDocId="FFE9FFD6FFF6FFBBFFF30B06FF93FFF3" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="658" updateTime="1669256938330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guy G. Musser</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael D. Carleton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>501</mods:start>
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<mods:end>755</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7353098</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7285054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7285054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="658" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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<subSubSection box="[253,1215,1395,1433]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="157.[253,1861,1395,2774]" box="[253,1215,1395,1433]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[253,1203,1395,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="61" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus" title="Rattus rattus" volume="1" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[253,771,1395,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
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<emphasis box="[253,469,1395,1433]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" box="[789,1203,1395,1433]" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." pageId="157" pageNumber="658" pagination="61" title="Rattus rattus" volume="1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:61</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[294,1143,1437,1475]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="157.[253,1861,1395,2774]" box="[294,1143,1437,1475]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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TYPE LOCALITY:
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<materialsCitation box="[540,1133,1437,1475]" country="Sweden" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" stateProvince="Uppsala">
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<collectingCountry box="[540,676,1437,1475]" name="Sweden" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[695,973,1437,1475]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">Uppsala County</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[993,1133,1437,1475]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="157" pageNumber="658" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="157.[253,1861,1395,2774]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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DISTRIBUTION: Native to Indian Peninsula, and introduced worldwide in the tropics and temperate zone (
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<bibRefCitation author="Becker, K." box="[672,905,1521,1559]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref25660" refString="Becker, K. 1978 a. Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) -- Hausratte (HR). Pp. 382 - 400, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">Becker, 1978a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="de Roguin, L." box="[924,1202,1521,1559]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref82720" refString="de Roguin, L. 1991. Donnees historiques nouvelles sur la presence du rat noir Rattus rattus (L.) en Europe Occidentale. Pp. 323 - 325, in Le rongeur et l'espace, Actes du Colloque International, Lyon, 1989 (M. Le Berre and L. Le Guelte, eds.). Raymond Chabaud, Paris, 362 pp." year="1991">de Roguin, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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; Dieterlen, 1979; Duplantier et al., 19916;
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, D. H." box="[497,758,1563,1601]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref174391" refString="Johnson, D. H. 1962 a. Rodents and other Micronesian mammals collected. IV. A. Pp. 21 - 38, in Pacific island rat ecology. Report of a study made on Ponape and adjacent islands, 1955 - 1958 (T. I. Storer, ed.). Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 225: 1 - 274." year="1962">Johnson, 1962a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis box="[779,805,1563,1601]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">b;</emphasis>
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Niethammer, 1975;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, J. M. & B. E. Horner" box="[1155,1578,1563,1601]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref348251" refString="Taylor, J. M., and B. E. Horner. 1973. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 98. Systematics of native Australian Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 150: 1 - 130." year="1973">Taylor and Horner, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, J. M. & J. H. Calaby & H. M. Van Deusen" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref348303" refString="Taylor, J. M., J. H. Calaby, and H. M. Van Deusen. 1982. A revision of the genus Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae) in the New Guinean region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173: 177 - 336." year="1982">Taylor et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Twigg, G. I." box="[480,690,1605,1643]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref361340" refString="Twigg, G. I. 1992. The black rat Rattus rattus in the United Kingdon in 1989. Mammal Review, 22: 33 - 42." year="1992">Twigg, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Yosida, T. H." box="[709,927,1605,1643]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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; Yosida et al., 1985).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="157" pageNumber="658" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph blockId="157.[253,1861,1395,2774]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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SYNONYMS:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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aethiops,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[633,796,1646,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">albiventer</taxonomicName>
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, albus, alexandrino-rattus,
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<taxonomicName box="[1244,1457,1646,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">alexandrinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[1475,1617,1646,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">arboreus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1635,1796,1646,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboricola">arboricola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[377,523,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">asiaticus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[543,606,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">ater</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[624,744,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[763,944,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atridorsum">atridorsum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[964,1089,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">auratus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1110,1235,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beccarii">beccarii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1255,1371,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brookei">brookei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1392,1629,1689,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneusculus">brunneusculus</taxonomicName>
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, caeruleus,
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<taxonomicName box="[378,520,1731,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonus">ceylonus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[540,742,1731,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chionogaster">chionogaster</taxonomicName>
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, coquimbensis,
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<taxonomicName box="[995,1143,1731,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassipes">crassipes</taxonomicName>
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, cyaneus, doboensis,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1867" box="[1487,1669,1731,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domesticus">domesticus</taxonomicName>
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, doriae,
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<taxonomicName box="[379,590,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythronotus">erythronotus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[603,773,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">flavescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[788,982,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[996,1176,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frugivorus">frugivorus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1853" box="[1189,1377,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
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, fulvaster,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1555,1664,1772,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
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, gangutrianus, girensis,
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<taxonomicName box="[765,1018,1815,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseocaeruleus">griseocaeruleus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1849" box="[1038,1151,1815,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">indicus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(Desmarest, 1822, not Bechstein, 1800),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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<taxonomicName box="[380,585,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infralineatus">infralineatus</taxonomicName>
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(nomen
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[728,842,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudum">nudum</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1889" box="[875,1066,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">intermedius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1084,1214,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jujensis">jujensis</taxonomicName>
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, jurassicus,
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<taxonomicName box="[1419,1586,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kandianus">kandianus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1606,1789,1858,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kandiyanus">kandiyanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[378,505,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelaarti">kelaarti</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[524,653,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kijabius">kijabius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[673,782,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latipes">latipes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[803,983,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">leucogaster</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1003,1141,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muansae">muansae</taxonomicName>
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, narbadae,
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<taxonomicName box="[1329,1489,1900,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoralis">nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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, nericola, osorninus,
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<taxonomicName box="[377,484,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picteti">picteti</taxonomicName>
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, rattiformis,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[703,846,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">rattoides</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[868,1018,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">rufescens</taxonomicName>
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, ruthenus, saltuum,
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<taxonomicName box="[1356,1555,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samharensis">samharensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" box="[1573,1691,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satarae">satarae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1712,1824,1942,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siculae">siculae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[378,586,1985,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcaeruleus">subcaeruleus</taxonomicName>
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, subrufus, sueirensis,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[950,1109,1985,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">sylvestris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1131,1275,1985,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tectorum">tectorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1296,1506,1985,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetragonurus">tetragonurus</taxonomicName>
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, tettensis,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ellerman" authorityYear="1949" box="[1688,1837,1985,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tompsoni">tompsoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName box="[378,535,2025,2063]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">variabilis</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1916" box="[554,654,2025,2063]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">varius</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, G. M." box="[747,941,2025,2063]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref4894" refString="Allen, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 83: 1 - 763." year="1939">Allen, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" box="[962,1565,2025,2063]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Mahoney, J. A. & B. J. Richardson" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref222168" refString="Mahoney, J. A., and B. J. Richardson. 1988. Muridae. Pp. 154 - 192, in Zoological catalogue of Australia. Mammalia (J. L. Bannister, et. al.). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 5: 1 - 274." year="1988">Mahoney and Richardson, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Osgood, W. H." box="[696,932,2067,2105]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref269062" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 30: 1 - 268." year="1943">Osgood, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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; Schütter and Thonglongya, 1971;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, J. M. & J. H. Calaby & H. M. Van Deusen" box="[1530,1845,2067,2105]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref348303" refString="Taylor, J. M., J. H. Calaby, and H. M. Van Deusen. 1982. A revision of the genus Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae) in the New Guinean region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173: 177 - 336." year="1982">Taylor et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="157.[253,1861,1395,2774]" lastBlockId="158.[369,1851,293,416]" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">
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COMMENTS: Numerous cytogenetic studies focusing on the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1291,1433,2109,2147]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
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<emphasis box="[1291,1433,2109,2147]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">R. rattus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex, summarized by
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<bibRefCitation author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" box="[433,852,2149,2187]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">Baverstock et al. (1983c)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bekasova, T. S. & O. N. Mezhova" box="[873,1398,2149,2187]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref26065" refString="Bekasova, T. S., and O. N. Mezhova. 1983. Karyotypes of rats of the genus Rattus from the USSR. Experientia, 39: 541 - 542." year="1983">Bekasova and Mezhova (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, Niethammer (1975), and
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Yosida, T. H." box="[378,613,2192,2230]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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, have revealed the complex to consist of two basic groups of populations. The Oceanian or European type has 2N=38 (
|
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<quantity box="[1370,1453,2235,2273]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
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some), the Asian type is characterized by 2N=42; the two are also distinguished by biochemical features (
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" box="[392,794,2319,2358]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">Baverstock et al., 1983c</bibRefCitation>
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|
) as well as morphological traits (
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Schwabe, H. W." box="[1375,1631,2319,2358]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref321679" refString="Schwabe, H. W. 1979. Vergleichend-allometrische Untersuchungen an den Schadeln europaischer und asiatischer Hausratten (Rattus rattus L.). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44: 354 - 360." year="1979">Schwabe, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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). Where the Asian type is indigenous, the Oceanian form is restricted to ports or on ships in harbor. Both chromosomal kinds apparently occur together without evidence of interbreeding on the Polynesian island of
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|
<collectingCountry box="[1101,1154,2444,2482]" name="Fiji" pageId="157" pageNumber="658">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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(Yosida et al., 1985), but do hybridize in the laboratory (usually producing sterile offspring) and on the South Pacific islands of Chichijima and Eniwetok (with apparent introgression). The biological status of the two kinds were best summarized by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" box="[1078,1568,2567,2606]" pageId="157" pageNumber="658" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">Baverstock et al. (1983c:978)</bibRefCitation>
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, who noted that if "the chromosomal, electrophoretic and laboratory hybridization data are considered together, it seems that the 2n=38 and 2n=42 forms are best considered as incipient species. Where they meet, they may introgress, become sympatric without interbreeding or one may replace the other depending upon the prevailing biological conditions," a view earlier espoused by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Capanna, E." box="[1068,1343,293,334]" pageId="158" pageNumber="659" refId="ref50426" refString="Capanna, E. 1974. A re-statement of the problem of chromosomal polymorphism in Rattus rattus (L.). Pp. 223 - 235, in Symposium Theriologicum II, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Species and Zoogeography of European Mammals held in Brno, Czechoslovakia on 22 nd to 26 th November 1971 (J. Kratochvil and R. Obrtel, eds.). Academia Publishing house of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Praha), 394 pp." year="1974">Capanna (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1362,1577,293,334]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="158" pageNumber="659" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1362,1577,293,334]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="659">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the name for the 2N=38 /40 group, and we list it as a species separate from the 2N=42 form, for which the oldest name is
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[811,1005,380,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="158" pageNumber="659" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanezumi">
|
|
<emphasis box="[811,1005,380,416]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="659">R. tanezumi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see that account).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |