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<document id="48160BBCDE75D30EA618C0BDE33DAC0B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426401" ID-ZooBank="4497FA6F-FB5D-475A-90A0-24BA499D3D4A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696941368210" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marin, Ivan, Barjadze, Shalva, Maghradze, Eter &amp; Palatov, Dmitry" docDate="2023" docId="03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5352.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5352 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Niphargus tvishiensis Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="496" masterDocId="FF84EA05FFB5FFB6FF8D5732FFB8FFB4" masterDocTitle="Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the “ Niphargus borutzkyi ” ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="477" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1696942034353" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A542973B0E346A6079DDEE7D021AA1E1">Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the “ Niphargus borutzkyi ” ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05FA2382261DD200F74499DAD8C80B89">Marin, Ivan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D4F7E5043BD39F65DA5BBD8833F03B5D">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Leninsky prosp., 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BCDFAE2E67FAD50C5AF14DF4CE087D15">Barjadze, Shalva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="81F3A98C761D00976CCE4CED9E639D13" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8992-4987</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0949BF87F3761EC214359856BB089ED1">Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Giorgi Tsereteli 3, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia &amp; shalva. barjadze @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8992 - 4987</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EEA79994F7BA87974B66EAABD0D5259F" type="email">shalva.barjadze@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="D50CA941B69C3F3690DB6B903D0BA2EC">
<mods:roleTerm id="394579B2A1021BB90FB72F7E2987F3FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3AECD438941C491CA3F2089CFD65CAA5">Maghradze, Eter</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="097AAE07FD4CB133FA57C6499CF59D49" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4796-9439</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6EE4FFCF7624A59023DA3569D572A2FD">Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Giorgi Tsereteli 3, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia &amp; eter. magradze. 1 @ iliauni. edu. ge; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4796 - 9439</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="82048A7427521005038EFBD45387994D" type="email">eter.magradze.1@iliauni.edu.ge</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="76ED9FC780232D9738A877990D634CE2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA57B5DE65E3DD5443B1FF7B0BAC180F">Palatov, Dmitry</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1DC562200846F077380F51CD26FBBE83" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8826-9316</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CD81850BBAE80781F73DA22A25D5297E">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Leninsky prosp., 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia &amp; triops @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8826 - 9316</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1D35D384D6873F7B8AB400BE404B02C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5C821E1B5E3B20B284CA1B3E2D3A5849">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FDBAFF05" box="[151,514,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FDBAFF05" blockId="11.[151,514,151,214]" box="[151,514,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<heading id="D0E39407FFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FDBAFF05" bold="true" box="[151,514,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FDBAFF05" bold="true" box="[151,514,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FE25FF06" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,413,151,178]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF1A57A5FE25FF06" bold="true" box="[151,413,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFBEFFBDFE2957A5FDBAFF05" box="[420,514,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFBDFF1A5789FECEFF61" box="[151,374,187,214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF1A5789FECEFF61" blockId="11.[151,514,151,214]" box="[151,374,187,214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFF1A5789FF43FF61" box="[151,251,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetBox-3="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Figs 6–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFE8B5789FEFCFF61" box="[262,324,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFEAF5789FEFCFF61" box="[290,324,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">c–f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFEDE5789FECEFF61" box="[339,374,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Retinacules of pleopods of Niphargus borutzkyi Birštein, 1933 (a, b), Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 (c, d), Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (e) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426439/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
11
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFEE35789FECEFF61" box="[366,374,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFBDFF1A5631FE14FE41" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF1A5631FE68FE3D" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF1A5631FE38FEA9" bold="true" box="[151,384,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C2936FFBEFFBDFE0B5631FE68FE3D" collectingDate="2020-05-10" collectionCode="ZMMU" collectorName="SW Caucasus &amp; Verdzistava I Cave &amp; E. Maghradze &amp; Sh. Barjadze." country="Georgia" county="Western" elevation="437" latitude="42.526276" location="Rioni river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.792778" municipality="Tsageri Municipality" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFBEFFBDFE0B5631FE4BFEA9" box="[390,499,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ³ (bl. 15.0 mm),
<collectionCode id="ED05BBAEFFBEFFBDFD315636FCABFEAA" box="[700,787,260,286]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
Mb-1247—
<collectorName id="26E146BDFFBEFFBDFC105631FB82FEA9" box="[925,1082,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">SW Caucasus</collectorName>
,
<collectingCounty id="62CA5BE7FFBEFFBDFBC95636FB27FEAA" box="[1092,1183,260,286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Western</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry id="F30363FBFFBEFFBDFB285631FABAFEA9" box="[1189,1282,259,285]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D0ED89FFBEFFBDFA815631FDA2FEF5" country="Georgia" name="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFB911FFBEFFBDFDAA5615FCACFEF5" box="[551,788,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Tsageri Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
, the slope of the
<location id="8ECB75B0FFBEFFBDFC575615FBEDFEF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61:8ECB75B0FFBEFFBDFC575615FBEDFEF5" box="[986,1109,295,321]" country="Georgia" county="Western" latitude="42.526276" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.792778" municipality="Tsageri Municipality" name="Rioni river" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Rioni river</location>
in the vicinity of
<location id="8ECB75B0FFBEFFBDFAA85615FF70FED1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD927DFFBEFFA2FF1A57A5FC37FF61:8ECB75B0FFBEFFBDFAA85615FF70FED1" country="Georgia" county="Western" latitude="42.526276" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.792778" municipality="Tsageri Municipality" name="Tvishi village" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Tvishi village</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E146BDFFBEFFBDFF5E5679FE12FED1" box="[211,426,331,358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Verdzistava I Cave</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2045ACFFBEFFBDFE385679FDEBFED1" box="[437,595,331,357]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" precision="1" seconds="34.6" value="42.526276">42°31’34.6”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2045ACFFBEFFBDFDD65679FD41FED1" box="[603,761,331,357]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" precision="1" seconds="34.0" value="42.792778">42°47’34.0”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0039C458FFBEFFBDFC895679FC3FFED1" box="[772,903,331,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="437.0">
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFBEFFBDFC895679FCF3FED2" box="[772,843,331,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="437.0">437 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, in the subterranean syphon,
<date id="FFAA05ABFFBEFFBDFB5D5679FAF8FED1" box="[1232,1344,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" value="2020-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EFEEFC43FFBEFFBDFB5D5679FAF8FED1" box="[1232,1344,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" value="2020-05-10">10 v.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26E146BDFFBEFFBDFA09567EFEADFE3D" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">E. Maghradze</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E146BDFFBEFFBDFEB4565DFE68FE3D" box="[313,464,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Sh. Barjadze.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A56A6FBA3FE19" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" box="[199,1051,403,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C2936FFBEFFBDFF4A56A6FBAFFE19" box="[199,1047,403,430]" collectionCode="IZISU" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFBEFFBDFF4A56A6FE80FE1A" box="[199,312,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D12E8E2FFBEFFBDFECE56A1FEDEFE19" box="[323,358,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(bl.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFBEFFBDFE1756A1FE55FE19" box="[410,493,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
),
<collectionCode id="ED05BBAEFFBEFFBDFD8D56A1FDF1FE19" box="[512,585,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">IZISU</collectionCode>
,—same locality and date as for
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFBEFFBDFC3C56A1FBAFFE19" box="[945,1047,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5685FE14FE41" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C2936FFBEFFBDFF4A5685FE10FE41" collectionCode="SEM, LEMMI" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFBEFFBDFF4A5685FE1DFE65" box="[199,421,439,465]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Additional material</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D12E8E2FFBEFFBDFE225685FE5FFE65" box="[431,487,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(partially broken, mostly used for
<collectionCode id="ED05BBAEFFBEFFBDFCE55685FC1AFE65" box="[872,930,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">SEM</collectionCode>
and DNA analysis),
<collectionCode id="ED05BBAEFFBEFFBDFB05568AFB5FFE66" box="[1160,1255,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">LEMMI</collectionCode>
,—same locality and date as for
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFBEFFBDFECF56E9FE10FE41" box="[322,424,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFBDFF4A56CDFAF6FD89" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A56CDFAF6FD89" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A56CDFEF6FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,334,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the Tvishi village Tsageri Municipality,
<collectingRegion id="49D0ED89FFBEFFBDFBC856CDFE84FD89" country="Georgia" name="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30363FBFFBEFFBDFEC55511FE1DFD89" box="[328,421,547,573]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, near which the Verdzistava I Cave is located, where a new species was discovered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFBDFF4A5575FCB1FC8D" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5575FCB1FC8D" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5575FEFAFDD5" bold="true" box="[199,322,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFEC4557AFE60FDD5" box="[329,472,584,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Urosomite II</emphasis>
with 4 slender dorsoposterior spine-like setae on each side.
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFBF15575FADDFDD5" box="[1148,1381,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Epimeral plates I-III</emphasis>
subangular, with rounded posteroventral corner.
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD1B5559FCEAFD31" box="[662,850,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Gnathopods I–II</emphasis>
moderate, almost similar in size, palm almost rectangular, with straight distal margin, dactylus with a row of several setae along outer margin. Dactyli of
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFAA455BDFF5DFD79" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">pereopods III–VII</emphasis>
with 1 spine or seta near basis of nail.
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD245581FCA9FD79" box="[681,785,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Pleopods</emphasis>
with 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFCEF5586FCC8FD79" box="[866,880,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">–</emphasis>
10 hooks in retinacules, without additional setae.
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF1A55E5FEA8FD45" box="[151,272,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Uropod III</emphasis>
elongated, article 2 of outer ramus long, article 1 (distal) about 5 times shorter than article
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFBEFFBDFA8155E5FA8FFD45" box="[1292,1335,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
females, and 2.5 times shorter than article
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFBEFFBDFD9D55C9FD84FCA1" box="[528,572,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
males.
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD1E55C9FD63FCA1" box="[659,731,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Telson</emphasis>
relatively stout, deeply incised, each lobe with 4–5 long distal spines and 2 outer marginal spines, facial spines absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFBEFFA7FF4A5471FD13F869" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5471FC8DFCE9" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" box="[199,821,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5471FEE1FCE9" bold="true" box="[199,345,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFEED5471FE22FCE9" box="[352,410,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Body</emphasis>
medium in size, moderately slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5455FE4DFC11" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5455FEBCFC35" box="[199,260,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Head</emphasis>
without rostrum, with subrounded lateral cephalic lobes and excavated anteroventral sinus; eyes or pigmented spots absent (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFE0554B9FE5CFC11" box="[392,484,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFE5554BEFE5CFC11" box="[472,484,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A549DFD03FC59" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A549DFEC2FC7D" box="[199,378,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Epimeral plates</emphasis>
I–III subangular, with rounded posteroventral corner, ventral margin of epimeral plates II and III armed with 4 small simple spines (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFDCD54E1FD13FC59" box="[576,683,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD0F54E6FD13FC59" box="[642,683,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">a–c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A54CAFCE5FB81" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A54CAFE84FBA5" box="[199,316,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Urosomite</emphasis>
I armed with 2 slender dorsoposterior setae on each side; urosomite II with 4 slender dorsoposterior spine-like setae on each side; urosomite III unarmed (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFD7D5329FCF4FB81" box="[752,844,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFCCD532EFCF4FB81" box="[832,844,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A530DFA2DFBED" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" box="[199,1429,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A530DFEF9FBED" box="[199,321,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Coxal gills</emphasis>
ovoid, of moderate size, reaching and overreaching distal tip of article 2 of ambulatory pereopods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5351FA93FB15" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5351FE8BFBC9" box="[199,307,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Antenna I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFECC5351FE28FBC9" box="[321,400,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFE0F5356FE28FBC9" box="[386,400,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">a</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) slender, long; peduncular articles moderately slender, ratio 1:0.90:0.47; flagellum consisting of about 21 articles, most of them with 2 short aesthetascs each; accessory flagellum short, 2-articulated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5399FAA4FABA" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5399FE86FB71" box="[199,318,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Antenna II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFEC05399FE0FFB71" box="[333,439,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFE025399FE0FFB71" box="[399,439,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">b, c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with peduncular article 3 almost equal to article 2, about 4.5 times as long as wide, with separate rare tufts of long setae along distoventral margin; article 2 about 3.5 times as long as wide; article 1 about as long as wide; flagellum relatively short, consisting of about 15 articles bearing relatively short setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5225FCEEF92D" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5225FEF2FA85" box="[199,330,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Mouthparts</emphasis>
. Labium (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFE4E5225FDAEFA85" box="[451,534,1303,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD85522AFDAEFA85" box="[520,534,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">a</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) entire, with convex dorsal margin, covered with tiny setae. Labrum (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFACD5225FA2BFA85" box="[1344,1427,1303,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFA085225FA2BFA85" box="[1413,1427,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">b</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) entire, slightly broader than long, with entire outer lobes and developed inner lobes exceeding half of outer lobes. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFE90526DFE3AFACD" box="[285,386,1375,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFED25252FE3AFACD" box="[351,386,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">c–f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with mandibular palp (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFD1C526DFD43FACD" box="[657,763,1375,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7c,
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFD625252FD43FACD" box="[751,763,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) consisting of 3 articles: article 1 about 1.5 times as long as wide, smooth; article 2 about 3 times as long as wide, with numerous setae, article 3 subfalciform, about 3.5 times as long as wide, slightly shorter than article 2, with group of 7–8 A-setae; 2 groups of B-setae; 26 D-setae and 6 Esetae. Maxilla I (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFED852F9FE1DFA51" box="[341,421,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFBEFFBDFE0452FEFE1DFA51" box="[393,421,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" unit="g" value="7.0">
7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFE1A52FEFE1DFA51" box="[407,421,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">g</emphasis>
</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) with: inner plate with relatively short 2 long distal simple setae, outer plate with 7 robust spines armed with 1 small lateral tooth each, the lowest spine with several tiny ventral teeth (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFB1352DDFB56F9BD" box="[1182,1262,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFB6D52DDFB56F9BD" box="[1248,1262,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">h</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); palp 2-articulated, distal article with a tuft of long simple setae distally. Maxilla II (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFC365121FBBFF999" box="[955,1031,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFC725126FBBFF999" box="[1023,1031,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">i</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with smooth well-developed lobes armed with numerous distolateral setae, distal margins with long simple setae. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFB1C5105FB63F9E5" box="[1169,1243,1591,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFB5E510AFB63F9E5" box="[1235,1243,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">j</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with short inner plate armed with 3 distal simple strong spines; outer plate reaching half of palpal article 2, with row of inner strong lateral spines; palp 4-articulated, distal article with large spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A5191FAD5F909" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" box="[199,1389,1699,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A5191FEE8F909" box="[199,336,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Gnathopods</emphasis>
moderate, similar in size, with article 6 slightly smaller than corresponding coxae (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFB7A5191FAE5F909" box="[1271,1373,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFAB45191FAE5F909" box="[1337,1373,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">d, f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBEFFBDFF4A51F5FF56F869" blockId="11.[151,1437,259,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFF4A51F5FEEDF955" box="[199,341,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Gnathopod I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFEEE51F5FE0BF955" box="[355,435,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFE2851F5FE0BF955" box="[421,435,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">d</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with basis robust, about 2.5 times as long as wide, with long simple setae along posterior and posterodistal margins; ischium almost quadrate, as long as wide, similar to article 4; merus quadrate, about as long as wide, with row of long setae along posterior margin; carpus mostly rectangular in shape, about 1.5 times as long as wide; article 6 (propodus) large, slightly broader than longer, with several groups of ventral marginal setae; propodus (chela) with palmar margin poorly convex, almost straight, with medium simple setae, defined on outer face by one strong large corner spine accompanied laterally by 3 stout distally serrated robust spine spines (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFBEFFBDFAB05049FA33F821" box="[1341,1419,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBEFFBDFAF2504EFA33F821" box="[1407,1419,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); dactylus strong and sharp, reaching posterior margin of article 6, with a row of small numerous setae along dorsal margin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFB9FFBAFF1A50A5FCB7F843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="489" startId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFB9FFBAFF1A50A5FCB7F843" blockId="12.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFF1A50A5FEADF81B" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFB9FFBAFE9350AAFE4BF804" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[286,499,1944,1968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFE9350AAFE4BF804" box="[286,499,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">Niphargus tvishensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFE7650AAFDF6F804" bold="true" box="[507,590,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFB9FFBAFE7650AAFDF6F804" box="[507,590,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="489" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave:
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFBF350AAFB33F81B" box="[1150,1163,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">a</emphasis>
—antenna I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFA9950AAFA99F804" box="[1300,1313,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">b</emphasis>
—accessory flagellum of antenna I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFE0D508EFE33F867" box="[384,395,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">c</emphasis>
—antenna II;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFD9B508EFD9BF860" box="[534,547,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">d</emphasis>
—gnathopod I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFD4C508EFD74F867" box="[705,716,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">e</emphasis>
—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFA9C508EFAA0F860" box="[1297,1304,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">f</emphasis>
—gnathopod II;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB9FFBAFF3850D2FF61F843" box="[181,217,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="489">g—</emphasis>
distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFB8FFBBFF1A50A5FE4DF843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="490" startId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFB8FFBBFF1A50A5FE4DF843" blockId="13.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFF1A50A5FEABF81B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFB8FFBBFE9750A5FE4DF81B" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[282,501,1943,1967]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFE9750A5FE4DF81B" box="[282,501,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFE7650A5FDF4F81B" bold="true" box="[507,588,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFB8FFBBFE7650A5FDF4F81B" box="[507,588,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave:
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFBE050AAFBC2F81B" box="[1133,1146,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">a</emphasis>
—labrum (upper lip);
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFAD150A5FAD1F81B" box="[1372,1385,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">b</emphasis>
—labium (lower lip);
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFEC3508EFE32F867" box="[334,394,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">c, e—</emphasis>
mandible;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFE7B5089FDA0F867" box="[502,536,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">d, f</emphasis>
—incisor incisive processes of mandible;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFC4B508EFC6BF867" box="[966,979,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">g</emphasis>
—maxilla I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFBDB5089FBDBF867" box="[1110,1123,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">h</emphasis>
—same, distal margin of outer lobe;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFF5D50D2FF6FF843" box="[208,215,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">i</emphasis>
—maxilla II;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFB8FFBBFEEC50D2FED0F843" box="[353,360,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="490">j</emphasis>
—maxilliped.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFBBFFB8FF1A50A5FE77F843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="491" startId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBBFFB8FF1A50A5FE77F843" blockId="14.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FF1A50A5FEABF81B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFBBFFB8FE9750A5FE4DF81B" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[282,501,1943,1967]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FE9750A5FE4DF81B" box="[282,501,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FE7150AAFDF5F804" bold="true" box="[508,589,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFBBFFB8FE7150AAFDF5F804" box="[508,589,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="491" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave:
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FBE250AAFBC4F81B" box="[1135,1148,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">a</emphasis>
—pereopod III;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FAAF50A5FA97F81B" box="[1314,1327,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">b</emphasis>
—dactylus of PIII;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FF6A508EFF4AF867" box="[231,242,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">c</emphasis>
—pereopod IV;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FE185089FE1AF867" box="[405,418,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">d</emphasis>
—dactylus of PIV;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FDE9508EFD3EF867" box="[612,646,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">e—</emphasis>
pereopod V;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FC8A508EFC9DF860" box="[775,805,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">f—</emphasis>
dactylus of PV;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FC48508EFC6AF867" box="[965,978,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">g</emphasis>
—pereopod VI;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FBFA5089FB3CF867" box="[1143,1156,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">h</emphasis>
—dactylus of PVI;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FAC5508EFAF7F867" box="[1352,1359,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">i</emphasis>
—pereopod VII;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBBFFB8FE8D50D2FEBFF843" box="[256,263,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="491">j</emphasis>
—dactylus of PVII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFBAFFB9FF1A50A5FF5CF843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="492" startId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFBAFFB9FF1A50A5FF5CF843" blockId="15.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FF1A50A5FEABF81B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFBAFFB9FE9450A5FE4BF81B" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[281,499,1943,1967]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FE9450A5FE4BF81B" box="[281,499,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FE7450AAFDF1F804" bold="true" box="[505,585,1944,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFBAFFB9FE7450AAFDF1F804" box="[505,585,1944,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="492" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FBE550A5FB77F81B" box="[1128,1231,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">a–d, h, j–l</emphasis>
) and ♀, LEMMI (
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FA0650AAFF26F867" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">e, i</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FF3E508EFF60F867" box="[179,216,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">a–c</emphasis>
—epimeral plates I–III;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FE415089FE48F867" box="[460,496,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">d, e</emphasis>
—telson;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FDDE508EFDC8F860" box="[595,624,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">f—</emphasis>
pleopod I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FD50508EFD52F867" box="[733,746,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">g</emphasis>
—retinacula of pleopod I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FC795089FBACF867" box="[1012,1044,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">h, i</emphasis>
—uropod I;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FB1D508EFB16F867" box="[1168,1198,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">j, k</emphasis>
—uropod II;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFBAFFB9FABE5089FAE0F867" box="[1331,1368,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="492">l, m</emphasis>
—uropod III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFA5FFA6FF1A511FFC54F9DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" startId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA5FFA6FF1A511FFC54F9DD" blockId="16.[151,1436,1581,1642]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FF1A511FFEA7F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1581,1605]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA5FFA6FEA8511FFDDCF9F1" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[293,612,1581,1605]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rachalechkhumensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FEA8511FFDDCF9F1" box="[293,612,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">Niphargus rachalechkhumensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FDE7511FFD02F9F1" bold="true" box="[618,698,1581,1605]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA5FFA6FDE7511FFD02F9F1" box="[618,698,1581,1605]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FD44511CFD57F9F1" box="[713,751,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">a, b</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA5FFA6FCA5511FFBBAF9F1" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[808,1026,1581,1605]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FCA5511FFBBAF9F1" box="[808,1026,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FB8A511FFBEFF9F1" bold="true" box="[1031,1111,1581,1605]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA5FFA6FB8A511FFBEFF9F1" box="[1031,1111,1581,1605]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FBEB511FFB3DF9F1" box="[1126,1157,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">c–f</emphasis>
), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI:
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FF745160FE8FF9DD" box="[249,311,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">a, c, d</emphasis>
—urosomal segments, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FD295163FD70F9DD" box="[676,712,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">b, e</emphasis>
—head;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FC925163FC9EF9DD" box="[799,806,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">f</emphasis>
—mandibular palp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA5FFA6FF4A51A5FEC6F819" blockId="16.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FF4A51A5FEE7F905" box="[199,351,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">Gnathopod II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA5FFA6FEE051A5FE0FF905" box="[365,439,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
Fig. 6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FE2251A5FE0FF905" box="[431,439,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with basis relatively slender, about 4 times as long as wide, with long simple setae along posterior and postero-distal margins; ischium almost about as long as wide, similar to article 4; merus subquadrate, about 1.5 times as long as wide, with row of long setae along posterior margin; carpus trapezoid in shape, about 2 times as long as wide; article 6 (propodus) large, slightly broader than longer, with numerous groups of ventral marginal setae; propodus (chela) with palmar margin poorly convex, almost straight, with medium simple setae, defined on outer face by one strong large corner spine accompanied laterally by 3 stout distally serrated robust spine spines (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA5FFA6FF66505DFE83F83D" box="[235,315,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426423/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA5FFA6FE92505DFE83F83D" box="[287,315,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="493" unit="g" value="6.0">
6
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FEA05042FE83F83D" box="[301,315,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">g</emphasis>
</quantity>
</figureCitation>
); dactylus strong and sharp, reaching posterior margin of article 6, with a row of small numerus setae along dorsal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA5FFA7FF4A5085FCB9FF4D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1687,2038]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FF4A5085FE30F865" box="[199,392,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">Pereopods III–IV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA5FFA6FE1B5085FE46F865" box="[406,510,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA5FFA6FE5A508AFE46F865" box="[471,510,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="493">a, c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) almost similar in size and shape; basis about 5 times as long as wide, with margins armed with long setae; ischium short, about as long as wide; merus about 3.5 times as long as wide, with simple setae along dorsal and ventral margins; carpus shorter than article 6, about 3–3.5 times as long as wide; propodus about 6 times as long as wide, with small simple spines along ventral margin; dactylus (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FBD05789FB7FFF61" box="[1117,1223,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245, Sakishore Cave: a—pereopod III; b— dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of pereopod V; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of pereopod V; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of pereopod I; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of pereopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426417/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 4
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FB135789FB7FFF61" box="[1182,1223,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">b, d</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) relatively slender, curved, sharp distally, with small ventral median spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A5631FBCDFE65" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A5631FEC6FEA8" box="[199,382,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Pereopods V–VI</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE005631FE40FEA8" box="[397,504,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE5D5631FE40FEA8" box="[464,504,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">e, g</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with basis almost subrectangular, about 2 times as long as wide, slightly widening proximally, without posteroventral lobe, anterior margin of article 2 slightly convex, with a row of slender marginal setae that slightly longer than posterior; ischium small, subquadrate, as long as wide; carpus about 4 times as long as wide, with short setae along dorsal and ventral margins; merus robust, about 4–4.5 times as long as wide, almost equal to article 4; propodus relatively slender, about 6–6.5 times as long as wide, armed with short simple spines; dactylus slender, curved, sharp distally, with additional ventral median spine (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FC735685FBDCFE65" box="[1022,1124,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FBCD5685FBDCFE65" box="[1088,1124,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">f, h</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A56E9FC17FD1D" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A56E9FEE7FE40" box="[199,351,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Pereopod VII</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEFD56E9FE03FE40" box="[368,443,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE3E56E9FE03FE40" box="[435,443,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">i</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) moderately slender, with basis narrowly rectangular, about 2.5 times as long as broad, anterior and posterior margins slightly convex; ischium small and short, as long as wide; merus about 2.5 times as long as wide, with short spines along dorsal and ventral margins; carpus about 4–4.5 times as long as wide, shorter than article 6, armed with simple setae; propodus slender, about 7 times as long as wide, armed with small single setae along margins; dactylus slender, curved, sharp distally, with additional ventral median spine, sometimes with the second additional spine in the middle of main (basal) part (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FCD955BDFC27FD1C" box="[852,927,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FC1A55BDFC27FD1C" box="[919,927,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">j</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A5581FF72FD45" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A5581FE97FD79" box="[199,303,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Pleopods</emphasis>
normal, without specific features, with 7–10 hooks in retinacules, without additional setae (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FACD5581FA2FFD78" box="[1344,1431,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Figs
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FAF45581FA2FFD78" box="[1401,1431,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="g" value="9.0">
9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FA0A5581FA2FFD78" box="[1415,1431,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">g</emphasis>
</quantity>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FF1A55E5FF02FD45" box="[151,186,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Retinacules of pleopods of Niphargus borutzkyi Birštein, 1933 (a, b), Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 (c, d), Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (e) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426439/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
11
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF3F55E5FF02FD45" box="[178,186,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A55C9FD55FCE9" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A55C9FE94FCA0" box="[199,300,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Uropod I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEB655C9FE27FCA0" box="[315,415,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FEF155C9FE27FCA0" box="[380,415,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">h, i</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with protopodite (peduncle) about 4 times as long as wide, slightly longer than rami, with a dorso-external row of slender simple spines; rami about 5 times as long as wide, equal in length, armed with armed with lateral and distal relatively robust simple spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A5455FD77FC11" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A5455FE8EFC34" box="[199,310,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Uropod II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEC85455FE1FFC35" box="[325,423,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE0B5455FE1FFC35" box="[390,423,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">j, k</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with protopodite (peduncle) about 3–3.5 times as long as wide, equal to rami; rami almost equal in size, with lateral and distal slender spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A549DFD41FB71" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A549DFEF9FC7C" box="[199,321,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Uropod III</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEDF549DFE78FC7C" box="[338,448,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE18549DFE78FC7C" box="[405,448,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l, m</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) different in males and females. Uropod III in females (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FBB3549DFB32FC7D" box="[1086,1162,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FB0F549DFB32FC7D" box="[1154,1162,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) with protopodite about 1.5 times as long as wide, rami unequal, inner ramus short, about 6–6.5 times shorter than outer one, bearing several small distal and lateral spines; outer ramus long, proximal article about 6–6.5 times as long as wide, distal article about 5 times shorter than previous article, about 3.5–4 times as long as wide, with several small distal simple setae. Uropod III in males (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE04530DFE59FBEC" box="[393,481,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FE32530DFE59FBEC" box="[447,481,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="9.0">
9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE40530DFE59FBEC" box="[461,481,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">m</emphasis>
</quantity>
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) with protopodite about 1.5 times as long as wide, rami unequal, inner ramus short, about 10 times shorter than outer one, bearing several small distal and lateral spines; outer ramus long, proximal article about 11 times as long as wide, distal article about 1.2 times shorter than previous article, about 12–13 times as long as wide, with several small distal simple setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A53FDFB88FA85" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A53FDFEB7FB5D" box="[199,271,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEAD53FDFE36FB5C" box="[288,398,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FEE953FDFE36FB5C" box="[356,398,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">d, e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) about 1.3 times longer than broad, ca. 85% incised, lobes obtuse and sloping distally. Armature of telson is variable, bearing 4–6 long distal spines, and 2 outer marginal spines on each side; distal and marginal spines relatively long and slender, reaching about 0.5 of length of telson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A5209FB82FAE1" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1082,1338,1367]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Body size. The largest collected
<specimenCount id="9D12E8E2FFA4FFA7FDB95209FDF1FAE1" box="[564,585,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
has bl.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FD2D5209FD4AFAE1" box="[672,754,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
; the largest ³ has bl.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FC6E5208FB8DFAE1" box="[995,1077,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A526CFCFCFACD" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,836,1374,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A526CFDA1FACD" bold="true" box="[199,537,1374,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
MW014293–MW014296.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A52B0FBCFF999" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FF4A52B0FE05FA29" bold="true" box="[199,445,1410,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
From mostly related
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA4FFA7FD2252B1FC80FA29" authorityName="Birstein" authorityYear="1933" box="[687,824,1411,1437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borutzkyi">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FD2252B1FC80FA29" box="[687,824,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">N. borutzkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species can be separated by (1) shorter distal segment of uropod III in females, which is more than 5 times shorter than the previous segment (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FB475295FAACFA75" box="[1226,1300,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,186,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., Sakishore Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245 (a–d, h, j–l) and paratype, ♀, ZMMU Mb-1246 (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426421/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 5
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FA815295FAACFA75" box="[1292,1300,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. about 4 times as long as wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FE1952F9FDA5FA51" author="Marin, I. N." box="[404,541,1483,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin 2020</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FDAA52F9FDCCFA50" box="[551,628,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FDE552F9FDCCFA50" box="[616,628,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); (2) shorter distal segment of uropod III in males, which is more than 2 times shorter than the previous segment (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FDE952DDFD17F9BD" box="[612,687,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FD2A52DDFD17F9BD" box="[679,687,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. equal (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FCBC52DDFC45F9BD" author="Yuzbashyan, S." box="[817,1021,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="1077 - 1084" refId="ref13901" refString="Yuzbashyan, S. М. (1942) To study the fauna in Georgia. Communications of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, 3, 1077 - 1084. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1942">Yuzbashyan 1942</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FB8552DDFBF2F9BD" box="[1032,1098,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[181,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245, Sakishore Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor and incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426415/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); and (3) 4 small spines along ventral margins of epimeral plates II–III (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FDE55121FD6AF998" box="[616,722,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FD275121FD6AF998" box="[682,722,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">b, c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. 5 spines (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FCF95121FBA9F999" author="Birstein, J. A." box="[884,1041,1555,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="143 - 156" refId="ref10462" refString="Birstein, J. A. (1933) Malacostraca der Kutais-Hohlen am Rion (Transkaukasus, Georgien). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 104, 143 - 156." type="journal article" year="1933">Birštein 1933</bibRefCitation>
: Abb. 7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A5105FC62F955" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
From
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA4FFA7FE875105FE3BF9E4" authorityName="Marin" authorityYear="2020" box="[266,387,1591,1616]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amirani">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE875105FE3BF9E4" box="[266,387,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">N. amirani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species can be clearly separated by (1) 4 stouter and shorter dorsoposterior spine-like setae on urosomite II (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE1B5169FE4EF9C1" box="[406,502,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE655169FE4EF9C1" box="[488,502,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">d</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. 3 slender spine-like setae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FCD15169FC5FF9C1" author="Marin, I. N." box="[860,999,1627,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin 2020</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FC7E5169FBFBF9C0" box="[1011,1091,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 8
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FBB85169FBFBF9C0" box="[1077,1091,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">a</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); (2) shorter distal segment of uropod III in females, which is more than 5 times shorter than the previous segment (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FBDA514DFB16F92C" box="[1111,1198,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FB01514DFB16F92C" box="[1164,1198,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="9.0">
9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FB17514DFB16F92C" box="[1178,1198,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">m</emphasis>
</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) vs. about 3 times as long as wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FEBD5191FE00F909" author="Marin, I. N." box="[304,440,1699,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin 2020</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE4F5191FDB6F908" box="[450,526,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FD8F5191FDB6F908" box="[514,526,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">e</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); and (3) shorter distal segment of uropod III in males, which is more than 2 times shorter than the previous segment (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FDAD51F5FDD3F955" box="[544,619,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FDEE51F5FDD3F955" box="[611,619,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. equal (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA4FFA7FD6051F5FCCEF955" author="Marin, I. N." box="[749,886,1735,1761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin 2020</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FC0C51F5FC72F955" box="[897,970,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[183,1404,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426427/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 7
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FC4F51F5FC72F955" box="[962,970,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">f</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA4FFA7FF4A51D9FD13F869" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
From
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA4FFA7FE8051D9FDC9F8B1" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[269,625,1771,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rachalechkhumensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE8051D9FDC9F8B1" box="[269,625,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Niphargus rachalechkhumensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FDF751D9FD6EF8B1" bold="true" box="[634,726,1771,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA4FFA7FDF751D9FD6EF8B1" box="[634,726,1771,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, described above, the new species can be easily separated by (1) epimeral plate III with non-produced posteroventral angle, almost rectangular (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FBC3503DFB26F89C" box="[1102,1182,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FB1F503DFB26F89C" box="[1170,1182,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. distinctly bluntly produced posteroventral angle (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE765001FDF1F8F8" box="[507,585,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,186,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., Sakishore Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245 (a–d, h, j–l) and paratype, ♀, ZMMU Mb-1246 (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426421/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 5
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FDB05001FDF1F8F8" box="[573,585,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">c</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); (2) urosomite II with 4 slender spine-like setae (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FB0D5001FB67F8F9" box="[1152,1247,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FB5C5001FB67F8F9" box="[1233,1247,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">d</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. with 3 stout spine-like setae (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FEDB5065FE0DF8C4" box="[342,437,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426437/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 10
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE2A5065FE0DF8C4" box="[423,437,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">a</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); (3) main (basal) part of dactyli of pereiopod VI–VII not more than 2.5–3 times longer wide (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FF505049FEA7F821" box="[221,287,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,184,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) vs. about 4 times longer wide (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FD0A5049FD74F821" box="[647,716,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245, Sakishore Cave: a—pereopod III; b— dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of pereopod V; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of pereopod V; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of pereopod I; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of pereopod II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426417/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); (4) distal segment of uropod III more than 2 times shorter than previous one in males (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FE1450ADFE5BF80D" box="[409,483,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,184,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426433/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig. 9
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FE5650ADFE5BF80D" box="[475,483,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">l</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) vs. about 1.5 times shorter than previous one (
<figureCitation id="132F3FEEFFA4FFA7FC7F50ADFBF0F80C" box="[1010,1096,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,186,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., Sakishore Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245 (a–d, h, j–l) and paratype, ♀, ZMMU Mb-1246 (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426421/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CEC8E8EFFA4FFA7FBAB50ACFBF0F80C" box="[1062,1096,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="5.0">
5
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA4FFA7FBB950ADFBF0F80C" box="[1076,1096,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="494">m</emphasis>
</quantity>
</figureCitation>
); and (5) the presence of 7–10 hooks in retinacules of pleopods vs. 6–7 hooks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFA7FFA4FF1A50A5FAFBF867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426439/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" startId="18.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA7FFA4FF1A50A5FAFBF867" blockId="18.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FF1A50A5FE99F81B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Retinacules of pleopods of
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA7FFA4FDC750AAFC0FF804" authority="Birstein, 1933" authorityName="Birstein" authorityYear="1933" box="[586,951,1944,1968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borutzkyi">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FDC750AAFCA3F804" box="[586,795,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">Niphargus borutzkyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA7FFA4FCA950AAFC0FF804" author="Birstein, J. A." box="[804,951,1944,1968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" pagination="143 - 156" refId="ref10462" refString="Birstein, J. A. (1933) Malacostraca der Kutais-Hohlen am Rion (Transkaukasus, Georgien). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 104, 143 - 156." type="journal article" year="1933">Birštein, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FC4550AAFC49F804" box="[968,1009,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">a, b</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA7FFA4FB8550AAFAEDF804" authority="Marin, 2020" authorityName="Marin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1032,1365,1944,1968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amirani">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FB8550AAFB74F81B" box="[1032,1228,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">Niphargus amirani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA7FFA4FB5850AAFAEDF804" author="Marin, I. N." box="[1237,1365,1944,1968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FAEB50AAFA36F804" box="[1382,1422,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">c, d</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA7FFA4FF1A508EFE6FF860" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,471,1980,2004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rachalechkhumensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FF1A508EFE6FF860" box="[151,471,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">Niphargus rachalechkhumensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FE50508EFD95F860" bold="true" box="[477,557,1980,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA7FFA4FE50508EFD95F860" box="[477,557,1980,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FDB1508EFDFFF867" box="[572,583,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">e</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA7FFA4FD0C508EFCE4F860" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[641,860,1980,2004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FD0C508EFCE4F860" box="[641,860,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FCEF508EFC0AF860" bold="true" box="[866,946,1980,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA7FFA4FCEF508EFC0AF860" box="[866,946,1980,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA7FFA4FC4C508EFC70F860" box="[961,968,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="495">f</emphasis>
), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B73E3FFA6FFA5FF1A5025FAB0F8E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426443/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" startId="19.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[151,1435,211,1778]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA6FFA5FF1A5025FAB0F8E7" blockId="19.[151,1436,1815,1876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FF1A5025FEA7F89B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1815,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Some morphological features of
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA6FFA5FDFD5025FC6CF89B" authority="Birstein, 1933" authorityName="Birstein" authorityYear="1933" box="[624,980,1815,1839]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borutzkyi">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FDFD5025FC86F89B" box="[624,830,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">Niphargus borutzkyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA6FFA5FCC85025FC6CF89B" author="Birstein, J. A." box="[837,980,1815,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" pagination="143 - 156" refId="ref10462" refString="Birstein, J. A. (1933) Malacostraca der Kutais-Hohlen am Rion (Transkaukasus, Georgien). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 104, 143 - 156." type="journal article" year="1933">Birštein, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FC6F502AFBB0F89B" box="[994,1032,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">a, b</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA6FFA5FB905025FAD8F89B" authority="Marin, 2020" authorityName="Marin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1053,1376,1815,1839]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amirani">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FB905025FB65F89B" box="[1053,1245,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">Niphargus amirani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA6FFA5FB6E5025FAD8F89B" author="Marin, I. N." box="[1251,1376,1815,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" pagination="419 - 432" refId="ref12290" refString="Marin, I. N. (2020) The Quaternary speciation in the Caucasus: a new cryptic species of stygobiotic amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Kumistavi (Prometheus) Cave, Western Georgia. Arthropoda Selecta, 29, 419 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.4.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Marin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FAE25025FA35F89B" box="[1391,1421,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">c–f</emphasis>
), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI:
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FD8F500EFDF8F8E7" box="[514,576,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">a, c, d</emphasis>
—urosomal segments;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FCA75009FCDDF8E7" box="[810,869,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">b, e—</emphasis>
head;
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FC2F5009FC11F8E7" box="[930,937,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">f</emphasis>
—hooks in retinacules of pleopod.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30E70E0FFA6FFA2FF4A50B0FC37FF61" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAB236BFFA6FFA2FF4A50B0FC37FF61" blockId="19.[151,1437,1921,2020]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FF4A50B0FE41F82F" bold="true" box="[199,505,1921,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA6FFA5FD8C50B3FD4BF82F" authority="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Barjadze &amp; Maghradze &amp; Palatov" authorityYear="2023" box="[513,755,1921,1947]" class="Malacostraca" family="Niphargidae" genus="Niphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tvishiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FD8C50B3FD4BF82F" box="[513,755,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">Niphargus tvishiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FD7650B0FCEEF828" bold="true" box="[763,854,1922,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534202FFA6FFA5FD7650B0FCEEF828" box="[763,854,1922,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is presently known from only the
<typeStatus id="54AF9DC9FFA6FFA5FB6D50B0FAA8F828" box="[1248,1296,1922,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Verdzistava I Cave. Lekhumian Tvishi Cave mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA6FFA5FCB65097FB24F874" author="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh." box="[827,1180,1957,1984]" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" pagination="28 - 30" refId="ref11067" refString="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh. (2011) A new species of the genus Plutomurus Yosii, 1956 (Collembola, Tomoceridae) from Georgian caves. Journal of cave and karst studies, 73, 28 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.4311 / JCKS 2010 LSC 0147" type="journal article" year="2011">Djanashvili &amp; Barjadze (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA6FFA5FB5A5097FF5AF850" author="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh. &amp; Jordana, R. &amp; Burkhardt, U." pageId="19" pageNumber="496" pagination="381 - 391" refId="ref11124" refString="Djanashvili, R., Barjadze, Sh., Jordana, R. &amp; Burkhardt, U. (2014) Redefinition of the genus Argonychiurus Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) with description of a new species from Georgia. Zootaxa, 3835 (3), 381 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.3.8" type="journal article" year="2014">
Djanashvili
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA5FAEF5094FA25F80B" box="[1378,1437,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
should be also named as Verdzistava I Cave, from where two springtail species are known:
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA6FFA2FB7A50FBFC31FF05" authority="Djanashvili, Barjadze, Jordana et Burkhardt, 2014" authorityName="Djanashvili, Barjadze, Jordana et Burkhardt" authorityYear="2014" class="Collembola" family="Onychiuridae" genus="Argonychiurus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="497" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiocellatus">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA6FFA2FB7A50FBFE8EFF05" italics="true" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="19" pageNumber="496">Argonychiurus multiocellatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA1FFA2FECC57A5FC31FF05" author="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh. &amp; Jordana, R. &amp; Burkhardt, U." box="[321,905,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="497" pagination="381 - 391" refId="ref11124" refString="Djanashvili, R., Barjadze, Sh., Jordana, R. &amp; Burkhardt, U. (2014) Redefinition of the genus Argonychiurus Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) with description of a new species from Georgia. Zootaxa, 3835 (3), 381 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.3.8" type="journal article" year="2014">Djanashvili, Barjadze, Jordana et Burkhardt, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA1FFA2FC1157A5FB80FF05" authorityName="Lubbock J in Borner C" authorityYear="1913" box="[924,1080,151,177]" class="Collembola" family="Onychiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Onychiuridae</taxonomicName>
) (troglobiont) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA1FFA2FA9757A5FDFFFF61" authority="Djanashvili et Barjadze, 2011" authorityName="Djanashvili et Barjadze" authorityYear="2011" class="Collembola" family="Tomoceridae" genus="Plutomurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birsteini">
<emphasis id="B960FF79FFA1FFA2FA9757A5FF4CFF61" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="497">Plutomurus birsteini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855E9AFFA1FFA2FF715789FDFFFF61" author="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh." box="[252,583,187,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="497" pagination="28 - 30" refId="ref11067" refString="Djanashvili, R. &amp; Barjadze, Sh. (2011) A new species of the genus Plutomurus Yosii, 1956 (Collembola, Tomoceridae) from Georgian caves. Journal of cave and karst studies, 73, 28 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.4311 / JCKS 2010 LSC 0147" type="journal article" year="2011">Djanashvili et Barjadze, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1458E8FFA1FFA2FDDB5789FD54FF61" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1896" box="[598,748,187,213]" class="Collembola" family="Tomoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tomoceridae</taxonomicName>
) (troglophile).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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