treatments-xml/data/03/96/6A/03966A560F1BC71ABABF8E6DB77AFE61.xml
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<mods:title id="486842D3C5CDE5A3D0C7E2221151EC9C">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBABF8E6DB5C2FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,172,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBA9C8E6CB7BCFAB5" ID-CoL="78TFG" ID-ENA="34631" authority="Neumann, 1901" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1901" box="[180,722,1374,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBA9C8E6CB77DFAB5" bold="true" box="[180,531,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BB8338E6DB7BCFAB5" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[539,722,1375,1401]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref235257" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">Neumann, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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.
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Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9BE8E6DB169FAB5" box="[918,1031,1375,1401]" name="Botswana" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Botswana</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBE1B8E6DB1FCFAB5" box="[1075,1170,1375,1401]" name="Burundi" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBE958E6DB58EFA51" name="Central African Republic" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBB208EB1B41CFA51" box="[264,370,1411,1437]" name="Comoros" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Comoros</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBBB28EB1B64CFA51" box="[410,802,1411,1437]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9638EB1B6DEFA51" box="[843,944,1411,1437]" name="Swaziland" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9F08EB1B14AFA51" box="[984,1060,1411,1437]" name="Kenya" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBE648EB1B1C7FA51" box="[1100,1193,1411,1437]" name="Lesotho" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBEF98EB1B047FA51" box="[1233,1321,1411,1437]" name="Malawi" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBF488EB1B5BDFA0D" name="Mauritius" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, 11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBB238E95B4CCFA0D" box="[267,418,1447,1473]" name="Mozambique" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 12)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBBF18E95B752FA0D" box="[473,572,1447,1473]" name="Namibia" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 13)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB85D8E95B7BAFA0D" box="[629,724,1447,1473]" name="Rwanda" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
, 14)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9248E95B6F3FA0D" box="[780,925,1447,1473]" name="South Africa" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 15)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9FD8E95B109FA0D" box="[981,1127,1447,1473]" name="South Sudan" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 16)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBEB68E95B068FA0D" box="[1182,1286,1447,1473]" name="Tanzania" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 17)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBF168E95B0F6FA0D" box="[1342,1432,1447,1473]" name="Uganda" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, 18)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBAEA8EF9B474FA29" box="[194,282,1483,1509]" name="Zambia" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, 19)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBB788EF9B4A6FA29" box="[336,456,1483,1509]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBBFD8EF9B788FA29" author="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B." box="[469,742,1483,1509]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman &amp; Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BB8C78EF9B6EEFA29" author="Walker, J. B." box="[751,896,1483,1509]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BB9A28EF9B101FA29" author="Barre, N. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[906,1135,1483,1509]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="371 - 377" refId="ref175269" refString="Barre, N. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1983) Tiques (Acariens, Ixodoidea) des Mascareignes (Ocean Indien) et maladies transmises Babesioses, Theileriose, Borreliose, Cowdriose. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 36, 371 - 377." type="journal article" year="1983">Barré &amp; Morel 1983</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBE518EF9B071FA29" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[1145,1311,1482,1509]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
Keirans 1985
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBF388EF8B071FA29" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Olwage, A." box="[1296,1311,1482,1509]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. &amp; Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">b</bibRefCitation>
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, Matthysse &amp; Colbo 1987,
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</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBE698D21B038F9E1" author="Mahlobo, S. I. &amp; Zishiri, O. T." box="[1089,1366,1555,1581]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref227458" refString="Mahlobo, S. I. &amp; Zishiri, O. T. (2021) A descriptive study of parasites detected in ticks of domestic animals in Lesotho. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 25 (article 100611), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vprsr. 2021.100611" type="journal article" year="2021">Mahlobo &amp; Zishiri 2021</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBF498D21B453F99D" author="Olivieri, E. &amp; Kariuki, E. &amp; Floriano, A. M. &amp; Castelli, M. &amp; Tafesse, Y. M. &amp; Magoga, G. &amp; Kumsa, B. &amp; Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
Olivieri
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBAEB8D05B592F99D" box="[195,252,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBB608D05B747F99D" author="Shekede, M. D. &amp; Chikerema, S. M. &amp; Spargo, M. &amp; Gwitira, I. &amp; Kusangaya, S. &amp; Mazhindu, A. N. &amp; Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[328,553,1591,1617]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. &amp; Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
Shekede
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBB868D05B489F99D" box="[430,487,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F1BC71ABAEF8D69B77AFE61" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1BC71BBAEF8D69B798F92D" blockId="112.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
All stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBB498D69B7DBF9B9" box="[353,693,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBB498D69B7DBF9B9" box="[353,693,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBE958D69B592F955" authorityName="Walker, Norval &amp; Corwin" authorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zambeziensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBE958D69B592F955" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus zambeziensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBB1D8D4DB7E9F955" box="[309,647,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBB1D8D4DB7E9F955" box="[309,647,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BB9E78D4DB1ABF955" box="[975,1221,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duttoni">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BB9E78D4DB1ABF955" box="[975,1221,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus duttoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBED48D4DB5B4F970" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBED48D4DB5B4F970" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBBB98D91B71CF971" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[401,626,1699,1725]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBBCF8D91B771F971" box="[487,543,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BB8E88D91B6FAF971" author="Horak, I. G. &amp; Heyne, H. &amp; Williams, R. &amp; Gallivan, G. J. &amp; Spickett, A. &amp; Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A." box="[704,916,1699,1725]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
Horak
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BB9248D91B62AF971" box="[780,836,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBE3A8D91B058F971" authorityName="Horak &amp; Walker" authorityYear="2000" box="[1042,1334,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBE3A8D91B058F971" box="[1042,1334,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confused with atypical
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBBB48DF5B798F92D" box="[412,758,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBBB48DF5B79CF92D" box="[412,754,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1BC71BBAEF8DD9B6BDF881" blockId="112.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBAEF8DD9B4BEF8C9" author="Uilenberg, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J." box="[199,464,1771,1797]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Uilenberg
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBB688DD9B415F8C9" box="[320,379,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BB87D8DD9B6C4F8C9" box="[597,938,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BB87D8DD9B6C4F8C9" box="[597,938,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been found recently in the
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBF628DD9B433F8E5" name="Central African Republic" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, but these authors consider it probable that this species remains present in that country, which is here provisionally included within the geographic distribution of this tick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1BC71ABAEF8C65B77AFE61" blockId="112.[151,1437,1374,2013]" lastBlockId="113.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBAEF8C65B4C2F8BD" author="Ghosh, S. &amp; Bansal, G. C. &amp; Gupta, S. C. &amp; Ray, D. &amp; Khan, M. Q. &amp; Irshad, H. &amp; Shahiduzzaman, M. D. &amp; Seitzer, U. &amp; Ahmed, J. S." box="[199,428,1879,1905]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="207 - 216" refId="ref197504" refString="Ghosh, S., Bansal, G. C., Gupta, S. C., Ray, D., Khan, M. Q., Irshad, H., Shahiduzzaman, M. D., Seitzer, U. &amp; Ahmed, J. S. (2007) Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research, 101 (Supplement 2) 207 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 007 - 0684 - 7" type="journal article" year="2007">
Ghosh
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBB338C65B439F8BD" box="[283,343,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBBC18C65B7B3F8BD" author="Farooqi, S. H. &amp; Ijaz, M. &amp; Saleem, M. H. &amp; Rashid, M. I. &amp; Oneeb, M. &amp; Khan, A. &amp; Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S." box="[489,733,1879,1905]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref193710" refString="Farooqi, S. H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M. H., Rashid, M. I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A. I. &amp; Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011 - 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.17582 / journal. pjz / 2017.49.6.2011.2017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Farooqi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BB8628C65B7E8F8BD" box="[586,646,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
, among others, recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BBE2E8C65B035F8BD" box="[1030,1371,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBE2E8C65B035F8BD" box="[1030,1371,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBABF8C49B598F859" box="[151,246,1915,1941]" name="Pakistan" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(Oriental and Palearctic Zoogeographic Regions), but that country is here excluded from the range of this tick.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBB298CADB77AF875" author="Fakoorziba, M. R. &amp; Naddaf-Sani, A. A. &amp; Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D. &amp; Azizi, K. &amp; Ahmadnia, S. &amp; Chinikar, S." box="[257,532,1950,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1197 - 209" refId="ref193537" refString="Fakoorziba, M. R., Naddaf-Sani, A. A., Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D., Azizi, K., Ahmadnia, S. &amp; Chinikar, S. (2015) First phylogenetic analysis of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome in naturally infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Archives of Virology, 160, 1197 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00705 - 015 - 2379 - 1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Fakoorziba
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBBA08CADB4AFF875" box="[392,449,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
allegedly found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1BC71BB8FD8CADB146F875" box="[725,1064,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BB8FD8CADB146F875" box="[725,1064,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BBE678CADB111F875" box="[1103,1151,1951,1977]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Iran</collectingCountry>
, a record treated as valid in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71BBA9F8CF1B404F811" author="Nasirian, H." box="[183,362,1987,2013]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref233888" refString="Nasirian, H. (2022) Ticks infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV): A decision approach systematic review and meta-analysis regarding their role as vectors. Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases, 47 (article 102309), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tmaid. 2022.102309" type="journal article" year="2022">Nasirian (2022)</bibRefCitation>
but that requires confirmation, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1BC71BB9268CF1B655F811" box="[782,827,1987,2013]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Iran</collectingCountry>
is excluded from the range of this tick.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1BC71ABF3B8CF1B58CFF7D" author="Okely, M. &amp; Chen, Z. &amp; Anan, R. &amp; Gad-Allah, S." lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. &amp; Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Okely
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1BC71BBF498CF1B0F3F811" box="[1377,1437,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1AC71ABB4C8BA5B7D9FF7D" box="[356,695,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABB4C8BA5B7D9FF7D" box="[356,695,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71AB95B8BA5B6D7FF7D" box="[883,953,151,177]" name="Egypt" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, while also stating that it is not established there.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1AC71ABAF68B89B4A2FF19" author="Ekanem, M. S. &amp; Opara, K. N. &amp; Bennie, D. P. &amp; Udo, I. O." box="[222,460,187,213]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="108 - 113" refId="ref190949" refString="Ekanem, M. S., Opara, K. N., Bennie, D. P. &amp; Udo, I. O. (2011) Ectoparasties [sic] of goats in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Biological. Sciences, 2, 108 - 113." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ekanem
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABB698B89B414FF19" box="[321,378,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1AC71AB82B8B89B785FF19" author="Wahedi, J. A. &amp; Ande, A. T. &amp; Pukuma, M. S. &amp; David, C. &amp; Danladi, T. &amp; Adokwe, J. B." box="[515,747,187,213]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref262743" refString="Wahedi, J. A., Ande, A. T., Pukuma, M. S., David, C., Danladi, T. &amp; Adokwe, J. B. (2020) A survey of ticks infestation on some domestic animals in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.24018 / ejbio. 2020.1.3.25" type="journal article" year="2020">
Wahedi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71AB8488B89B7F7FF19" box="[608,665,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1AC71AB91F8B89B1E4FF19" box="[823,1162,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71AB91F8B89B1E4FF19" box="[823,1162,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as occurring in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71ABF698B89B0F6FF19" box="[1345,1432,187,213]" name="Nigeria" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, but its presence there requires confirmation.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1AC71AB8B48BEDB6E1FF35" author="Perveen, N. &amp; Muzaffar, S. B. &amp; Al-Deeb, M. A." box="[668,911,223,249]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref242571" refString="Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S. B. &amp; Al-Deeb, M. A. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A review. Insects, 12 (article 83), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12010083" type="journal article" year="2021">
Perveen
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71AB9288BEDB655FF35" box="[768,827,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1AC71ABE308BEDB003FF35" box="[1048,1389,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABE308BEDB003FF35" box="[1048,1389,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71ABBAC8A31B4A4FED1" box="[388,458,259,285]" name="Sudan" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Sudan</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71AB81D8A31B65CFED1" box="[565,818,259,285]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
, but this statement could not be confirmed using the references provided by these authors.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1AC71AB8668A15B659FE8D" author="Gargili, A. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Spengler, J. R. &amp; Lukashev, A. &amp; Nuttall, P. A. &amp; Bente, D. A." box="[590,823,295,321]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="93 - 119" refId="ref196761" refString="Gargili, A., Estrada-Pena, A., Spengler, J. R., Lukashev, A., Nuttall, P. A. &amp; Bente, D. A. (2017) The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies. Antiviral Research, 144, 93 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. antiviral. 2017.05.010" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gargili
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71AB88F8A15B78CFE8D" box="[679,738,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
included
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71AB9818A15B165FE8D" box="[937,1035,295,321]" name="Armenia" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Armenia</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1AC71ABED48A15B42CFEA9" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABED48A15B42CFEA9" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, again citing a reference that does not support its presence there.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1AC71ABE6F8A79B05BFEA9" author="Clavijo, J. J. &amp; Vasquez, C. L. &amp; Valera, N. C." box="[1095,1333,331,357]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref182943" refString="Clavijo, J. J., Vasquez, C. L. &amp; Valera, N. C. (2009) Garrapatas duras de los generos Amblyomma Koch y Rhipicephalus Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) presentes en la coleccion de zoologia agricola, decanato de agronomia, Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela. Entomotropica, 24, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">
Clavijo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABE8C8A79B18EFEA9" box="[1188,1248,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1AC71ABABF8A5DB485FE45" box="[151,491,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABABF8A5DB485FE45" box="[151,491,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sent from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71AB8428A5DB7A9FE45" box="[618,711,367,393]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">England</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1AC71AB8C78A5DB60BFE45" box="[751,869,367,393]" name="Venezuela" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, but Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1AC71ABE128A5DB11BFE45" box="[1082,1141,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
(2014) presumed that the specimens were of African origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>