206 lines
21 KiB
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206 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="B6959C8C5245F3999E61C64A72420129" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F17C717BABF88B9B030FA50" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5221C6DC8A227AC0A79FF8E4CA928927">
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<mods:title id="A2DC824151D2DD5FB5E04CCB3B6A9420">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D50DECEC454A97E65F5DFFD083EE212C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="524355C40C354B2E353E3D331814699A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="88C8234203F8410B09370B5F221DBCBE">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44745379400EB5BE00DE03DE884A878D" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="15E84AC33AAE9CB19FF0AB97F416AD20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8AB60DD8548897C34220C16337FB207C">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5557FAEC4D2562D577D3E1D64C5F7DAA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7791-4239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="57059D22D5F9E1E0256D2E87712D1087" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3FF95B11AA04E0435A73FDE03184CD32">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="88B8670D8E28F64E171AB67FE1DB003D" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4323966318FA623A30E6820CB6A417E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="17C4BFACCC68047E03B941762B005DD5">
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<mods:date id="F70DACF7E0C8BDBB592DFFA7886630A1">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8F38B9DD448D253C51BEE30215CE23E7">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D40AA6521F794D61A69F1AFF1D0B8D56">5251</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F17C717BABF88B9B030FA50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F17C717BABF88B9B030FA50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F17C717BABF88B9B030FA50" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F17C717BABF88B9B7FEFC69" box="[151,656,906,933]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F17C717BABF88B9B7FEFC69" blockId="124.[151,1437,906,1437]" box="[151,656,906,933]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BABF88B9B5D4FC69" bold="true" box="[151,186,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">56.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BAE988B8B7E2FC69" ID-CoL="795GW" authority="Neumann, 1901" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1901" box="[193,652,906,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BAE988B8B4BEFC69" bold="true" box="[193,464,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BBFE88B9B7E2FC69" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[470,652,907,933]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref235257" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">Neumann, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F17C717B8BC88B9B4DCFC05" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F17C717B8BC88B9B4DCFC05" blockId="124.[151,1437,906,1437]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717B96388B9B6D2FC69" box="[843,956,907,933]" name="Botswana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717B9CD88B9B126FC69" box="[997,1096,907,933]" name="Namibia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BE5888B9B191FC69" box="[1136,1279,907,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BF2688B9B5BCFC05" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BF4D88B9B0F3FC69" box="[1381,1437,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BAF5889DB4C8FC05" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[221,422,943,969]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BB02889DB40CFC05" box="[298,354,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F17C717BAEF88E1B030FA50" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F17C717BAEF88E1B7F8FBB1" blockId="124.[151,1437,906,1437]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Several records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BB8888E1B7C7FC21" box="[416,681,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BB8888E1B7C7FC21" box="[416,681,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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published before
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<quantity id="4CC776A50F17C717B95088E1B6A1FC21" box="[888,975,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
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fact represent
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BE5388E1B5AAFBDC" authorityName="Keirans & Walker" authorityYear="1993" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmos">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BE5388E1B5AAFBDC" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus exophthalmos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a tick described by Keirans
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B83188C5B73AFBDD" box="[537,596,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993b).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717B8EE88C5B691FBDD" author="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N." box="[710,1023,1014,1041]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="93 - 136" refId="ref258695" refString="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N. (1953) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VII. Six lesser known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 26, 93 - 136." type="journal article" year="1953">Theiler & Robinson (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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were thought to have described the larva and nymph of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BB558F29B7EAFBF9" box="[381,644,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BB558F29B7EAFBF9" box="[381,644,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but, again, they described the corresponding stages of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BED48F29B45DFB95" authorityName="Keirans & Walker" authorityYear="1993" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmos">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BED48F29B45DFB95" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus exophthalmos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as discussed in Keirans
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B8608F0DB7EEFB95" box="[584,640,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993b).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717B8C38F0DB162FB95" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[747,1036,1087,1113]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B9AC8F0DB6D5FB95" box="[900,955,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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confused the reference to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BF078F0DB43AFBB1" author="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N." pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="93 - 136" refId="ref258695" refString="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N. (1953) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VII. Six lesser known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 26, 93 - 136." type="journal article" year="1953">Theiler & Robinson (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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with that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BBCB8F51B7FDFBB1" author="Howard, C. W." box="[483,659,1123,1149]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref210666" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F17C717BAEF8FB5B479FB25" blockId="124.[151,1437,906,1437]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BAEF8FB5B4C8FB6D" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[199,422,1159,1185]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BB358FB5B43BFB6D" box="[285,341,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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treated the occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717B8EC8FB5B6A4FB6D" box="[708,970,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B8EC8FB5B6A4FB6D" box="[708,970,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717B9C48FB5B134FB6D" box="[1004,1114,1159,1185]" name="Botswana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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as unconfirmed, but its presence there was confirmed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BBC88F99B7D4FB09" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[480,698,1195,1221]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B8058F99B708FB09" box="[557,614,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and we also include
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717B9828F99B176FB09" box="[938,1048,1195,1221]" name="Botswana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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within the geographic distribution of this tick.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F17C717BAEF8FC1B030FA50" blockId="124.[151,1437,906,1437]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BAEF8FC1B4ECFAC1" authority="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,386,1267,1293]" pageId="124" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BAEF8FC1B4ECFAC1" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[199,386,1267,1293]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref235257" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">Neumann (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BBD38FC1B793FAC1" box="[507,765,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BBD38FC1B793FAC1" box="[507,765,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F17C717B9698FC1B6C5FAC1" box="[833,939,1267,1293]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="adult">five adult</specimenCount>
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ticks, including a female specimen collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BA9D8E25B476FAFD" box="[181,280,1303,1329]" name="Tanzania" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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that has been lost, but Keirans
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B8A98E25B7D5FAFD" box="[641,699,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993b) believed that this tick is not found in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BEE78E25B05BFAFD" box="[1231,1333,1303,1329]" name="Tanzania" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, and that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717BABF8E09B46CFA99" authority="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,258,1339,1365]" pageId="124" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">Neumann</taxonomicName>
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most probably confused
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717B83C8E09B66CFA98" box="[532,770,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B83C8E09B66CFA98" box="[532,770,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
with
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B9178E09B128FA99" box="[831,1094,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717B9178E09B12CFA99" box="[831,1090,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">Rhipicephalus oculatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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|
This species has been recorded from
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|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BAF98E6DB44BFAB5" box="[209,293,1375,1401]" name="Angola" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BB078E6DB4EDFAB5" box="[303,387,1375,1401]" name="Zambia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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and
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|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F17C717BB9F8E6DB741FAB5" box="[439,559,1375,1401]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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|
, but no specimens are available to confirm its presence in these countries, which are provisionally excluded from the range of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F17C717B8AF8EB1B6E6FA51" box="[647,904,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B8AF8EB1B6E6FA51" box="[647,904,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717B9DC8EB1B145FA51" box="[1012,1067,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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|
1993
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F17C717BE438EB1B03EFA51" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[1131,1360,1411,1437]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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|
b, Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F17C717BEF18EB1B07EFA51" box="[1241,1296,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
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|
2000
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
</treatment>
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</document> |