294 lines
30 KiB
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294 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="F30B393A1F5280346427D722F867E761" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F16C716BABF882DB77AF9E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhipicephalus pravus Donitz 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EF6E127CAFD3A3120E3F5DD185EDF017" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F6904EED51F0ACEC9CDE8233C7FCEBE4">
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<mods:title id="C45B9BDB8B44B65F73382E0F0F00E5F7">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="96F9F6763CF34A93AF28FD1AF755F3DD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A1D33331FC9771CE38D5C5EAF6A8FBB8">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A6B703880BC5BFC5D0918FA6D6E3F40" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="AEEF96A38A7EE18357BB52694B360E10" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D69F2DC351DF1082297FC3074D916B57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E4000D749A0C6B3E8CC0F998E23D039A">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B007B7EFA86AA20ADFE7D81F0EAD1FD4" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7791-4239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="28ED2EE95CA571DC8D95A92706E1C832" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="315062BE77F804242C7EA68E97B54D21" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="68363C819859A63D37C0FE2D66F42852">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A7698F28A99A0EBD472D257C681D73A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2443-5271</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="64ACCFF4514C973B19E687A06C68358E" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8FD45ECDEB16CD889C580B5519354D4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3481AB5F7FDDB442DE128A3767B97F8A">
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<mods:date id="1CAE53315AC7E46C6FC4B23269D81F39">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7FA1758678928DCA1E4B3CA6068585F5">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FF659F147CEFB2FACF34654BAEC97B11">5251</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="123A723405B2B86F745CAA344A826076" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03966A560F16C716BABF882DB77AF9E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F16C716BABF882DB77AF9E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F16C716BABF882DB77AF9E1" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F16C716BABF882DB700FCF5" box="[151,622,798,827]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716BABF882DB700FCF5" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" box="[151,622,798,827]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BABF882DB5D4FCF5" bold="true" box="[151,186,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">61.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BAEA882CB733FCF5" ID-CoL="6WTGY" ID-ENA="96339" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1910" box="[194,605,798,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BAEA882CB4D1FCF5" bold="true" box="[194,447,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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D ö nitz, 1910
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</taxonomicName>
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a.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F16C716B85C882DB58EFC4D" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716B85C882DB58EFC4D" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B906882DB6E0FCF5" box="[814,910,799,825]" name="Djibouti" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B992882DB167FCF5" box="[954,1033,799,825]" name="Eritrea" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BE1C882DB1F8FCF5" box="[1076,1174,799,825]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BEEA882DB060FCF5" box="[1218,1294,799,825]" name="Kenya" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BF11882DB0F6FCF5" box="[1337,1432,799,825]" name="Somalia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BA9E8871B429FC91" box="[182,327,835,861]" name="South Sudan" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BB598871B4B7FC91" box="[369,473,835,861]" name="Tanzania" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B82A8871B737FC91" box="[514,601,835,861]" name="Uganda" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B8428871B652FC91" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[618,828,835,861]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8EA8871B794FC91" box="[706,762,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B9608871B688FC91" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[840,998,835,861]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B9D98871B194FC91" author="Byaruhanga, C. & Akure, P. C. & Lubembe, D. M. & Sibeko-Matjila, K. & Troskie, M. & Oosthuizen, M. C. & Stoltsz, H." box="[1009,1274,835,861]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref179436" refString="Byaruhanga, C., Akure, P. C., Lubembe, D. M., Sibeko-Matjila, K., Troskie, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. & Stoltsz, H. (2021) Molecular detection and characterisation of protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in ticks from cattle in the pastoral area of Karamoja, Uganda. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101709), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101709" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Byaruhanga
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BEA88871B1D6FC91" box="[1152,1208,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716BF2E8871B5BDFC4D" author="Olivieri, E. & Kariuki, E. & Floriano, A. M. & Castelli, M. & Tafesse, Y. M. & Magoga, G. & Kumsa, B. & Montagna, B. & Sassera, D." pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Olivieri
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BF4C8871B0F3FC91" box="[1380,1437,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F16C716BAEF88B9B77AF9E1" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716BAEF88B9B4A5FC20" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BAEF88B9B4D3FC68" box="[199,445,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BAEF88B9B4D3FC68" box="[199,445,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a controversial species that has been widely confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BEA688B9B01BFC69" box="[1166,1397,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BEA688B9B01BFC69" box="[1166,1397,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus kochi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as discussed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716BB02889DB77AFC05" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[298,532,943,969]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BBAB889DB4D0FC05" box="[387,446,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Additionally,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B893889DB61AFC05" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[699,884,942,969]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
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reported six congeners that have been confused with
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BAF888E1B4A5FC20" box="[208,459,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BAF888E1B4A9FC20" box="[208,455,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">Rhipicephalus pravus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716BAEF88C5B65BFB6D" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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Data for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BB1988C5B749FBDC" box="[305,551,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BB1988C5B749FBDC" box="[305,551,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are mostly derived from the study of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B9CE88C5B1BCFBDD" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[998,1234,1015,1041]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BE6888C5B112FBDD" box="[1088,1148,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, who redescribed
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BABF8F29B4E2FBF8" box="[151,396,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BABF8F29B4E2FBF8" box="[151,396,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and discussed
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B8128F29B66DFBF9" box="[570,771,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8128F29B7B4FBF9" box="[570,730,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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near
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B96C8F29B6FEFBF8" box="[836,912,1051,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B96C8F29B6FEFBF8" box="[836,912,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is morphologically almost identical to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BABF8F0DB4E3FB94" box="[151,397,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BABF8F0DB4E3FB94" box="[151,397,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, “near
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B8AF8F0DB7BDFB94" box="[647,723,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8AF8F0DB7BDFB94" box="[647,723,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
” is treated as a separate species based on differences in geographic distribution and the fact that several specimens previously known as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BE2F8F51B1BEFBB1" box="[1031,1232,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BE2F8F51B1C9FBB1" box="[1031,1191,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
near
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BF398F51B033FBB0" box="[1297,1373,1123,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BF398F51B033FBB0" box="[1297,1373,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were later identified as a new species,
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8208FB5B65BFB6D" box="[520,821,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B8208FB5B65CFB6D" authorityName="Horak & Walker" authorityYear="2000" box="[520,818,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716BAEF8F99B78DFAB5" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
|
In general,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BB608F99B753FB08" box="[328,573,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BB608F99B753FB08" box="[328,573,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is treated as an East African species (see above for the countries where this tick has been found), according to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B8018FFDB67DFB25" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[553,787,1231,1257]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8AA8FFDB7D3FB25" box="[642,701,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B9408FFDB15CFB25" box="[872,1074,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B9408FFDB166FB25" box="[872,1032,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
near
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BE5D8FFDB1AFFB24" box="[1141,1217,1231,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BE5D8FFDB1AFFB24" box="[1141,1217,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in southern Africa, including
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BB4A8FC1B4BDFAC1" box="[354,467,1267,1293]" name="Botswana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BBC88FC1B719FAC1" box="[480,631,1267,1293]" name="Mozambique" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B8AC8FC1B78AFAC1" box="[644,740,1267,1293]" name="Namibia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B9378FC1B616FAC1" box="[799,888,1267,1293]" name="Zambia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B9AD8FC1B102FAC1" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[901,1132,1267,1293]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B9F68FC1B176FAC1" box="[990,1048,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
listed
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BE938FC1B022FAC1" box="[1211,1356,1267,1293]" name="South Africa" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|
within the range of “near
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BB408E25B4DAFAFC" box="[360,436,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BB408E25B4DAFAFC" box="[360,436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,” but South African specimens were later identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BE088E25B028FAFD" authorityName="Horak & Walker" authorityYear="2000" box="[1056,1350,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BE088E25B028FAFD" box="[1056,1350,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as discussed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716BB2E8E09B4B2FA99" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[262,476,1339,1365]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BB7A8E09B4E5FA99" box="[338,395,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Until the taxonomic status of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B91E8E09B693FA99" box="[822,1021,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B91E8E09B6B8FA99" box="[822,982,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
near
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BE138E09B1E9FA98" box="[1083,1159,1339,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BE138E09B1E9FA98" box="[1083,1159,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is clarified, the southern limit of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716BAD98E6DB48BFAB4" box="[241,485,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BAD98E6DB48BFAB4" box="[241,485,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
will remain uncertain.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F16C716BAEF8EB1B77AF9E1" blockId="125.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716BAEF8EB1B4DAFA51" author="Shekede, M. D. & Chikerema, S. M. & Spargo, M. & Gwitira, I. & Kusangaya, S. & Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[199,436,1411,1437]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Shekede
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BB048EB1B40DFA51" box="[300,355,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2021)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
reported
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B8358EB1B67EFA50" box="[541,784,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8358EB1B67EFA50" box="[541,784,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B97A8EB1B6A3FA51" box="[850,973,1411,1437]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
|
, but because of the confused status of this species, this finding requires confirmation, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716B8908E95B65EFA0D" box="[696,816,1447,1473]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
|
is provisionally excluded here. Nyabogo
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716BF278E95B027FA0D" box="[1295,1353,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2021) included
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BAD78EF9B435FA29" box="[255,347,1483,1509]" name="Burundi" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
|
within the range of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B8168EF9B65FFA28" box="[574,817,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8168EF9B65FFA28" box="[574,817,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716B9818EF9B1E8FA29" author="Kaiser, M. N. & Sutherst, R. W. & Bourne, A. S. & Gorissen, L. & Floyd, R. B." box="[937,1158,1483,1509]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="199 - 222" refId="ref212713" refString="Kaiser, M. N., Sutherst, R. W., Bourne, A. S., Gorissen, L. & Floyd, R. B. (1988) Population dynamics of ticks on Ankole cattle in five ecological zones in Burundi and strategies for their control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 6, 199 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0167 - 5877 (88) 90031 - 1" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
|
Kaiser
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B9D28EF9B15CFA29" box="[1018,1074,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1988)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but the latter authors do not mention its presence there.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F16C716BBC78EDDB7BAF9C5" author="Farooqi, S. H. & Ijaz, M. & Saleem, M. H. & Rashid, M. I. & Oneeb, M. & Khan, A. & Aqib A. I. & Mahmood, S." box="[495,724,1519,1545]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref193710" refString="Farooqi, S. H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M. H., Rashid, M. I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A. I. & Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011 - 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.17582 / journal. pjz / 2017.49.6.2011.2017" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Farooqi
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B8648EDDB7EDF9C5" box="[588,643,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and others listed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F16C716B9BC8EDDB1E8F9C4" box="[916,1158,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F16C716B9BC8EDDB1E8F9C4" box="[916,1158,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Rhipicephalus pravus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as occurring in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F16C716BF1E8EDDB0F6F9C5" box="[1334,1432,1519,1545]" name="Pakistan" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, probably due to misidentification.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |