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<mods:title id="0081CA15BE5CC49BE0C5094DEFABC510">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A31650404C9E3B573B0865732CA44F33">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B281EF0E0524600A0F798E9C4A9A7E1">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F85443B97CB83CC69D6D42B859D3D59A">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F0DC70DBABF8FB5B4ABFA0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F0DC70DBABF8FB5B4ABFA0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F0DC70DBABF8FB5B4ABFA0D" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F0DC70DBABF8FB5B7E4FB6D" box="[151,650,1159,1186]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0DC70DBABF8FB5B7E4FB6D" blockId="102.[151,1436,1159,1473]" box="[151,650,1159,1186]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DBABF8FB5B5C2FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,172,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DBA9B8FB5B7E8FB6D" ID-CoL="6MGFJ" ID-ENA="1917740" authority="Schulze, 1920" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[179,646,1159,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiparmatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DBA9B8FB5B4B3FB6E" bold="true" box="[179,477,1159,1186]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma albiparmatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBBCC8FB5B7E8FB6D" author="Schulze, P." box="[484,646,1159,1185]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="189 - 196" refId="ref252457" refString="Schulze, P. (1920) Bestimmungstabelle f ¸ r das Zeckengenus Hyalomma Koch. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (5), 189 - 196. [this reference is usually cited as published in 1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Schulze, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F0DC70DB8A78FB5B64DFB09" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0DC70DB8A78FB5B64DFB09" blockId="102.[151,1436,1159,1473]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DB96E8FBAB6FCFB6E" box="[838,914,1160,1186]" name="Kenya" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DB9938FB5B14EFB6D" box="[955,1056,1159,1185]" name="Tanzania" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBE068FB5B02CFB6D" author="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B." box="[1070,1346,1159,1185]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. &amp; Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman &amp; Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBF648FB5B5BCFB09" author="Walker, J. B." pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBAF48F99B75CFB09" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[220,562,1195,1221]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">
Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DB80E8F99B75CFB09" author="Olivieri, E. &amp; Kariuki, E. &amp; Floriano, A. M. &amp; Castelli, M. &amp; Tafesse, Y. M. &amp; Magoga, G. &amp; Kumsa, B. &amp; Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D." box="[550,562,1195,1221]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. &amp; Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Olivieri
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DB8B48F9EB7BAFB09" box="[668,724,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2021).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F0DC70DBAEF8FFDB4ABFA0D" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0DC70DBAEF8FFDB662FAFD" blockId="102.[151,1436,1159,1473]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBAEF8FFDB75CFB25" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[199,562,1231,1257]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
emphasized the difficulties involved in morphologically separating adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DBABF8FC1B4D9FAC1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,439,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiparmatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DBABF8FC1B4D9FAC1" box="[151,439,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma albiparmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DBBEC8FC1B7F5FAC1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[452,667,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DBBEC8FC1B7F5FAC1" box="[452,667,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DB8F88FC1B6AAFAC1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[720,964,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DB8F88FC1B6AAFAC1" box="[720,964,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adding that it is not possible to differentiate their larvae and nymphs on the basis of morphology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0DC70DBAEF8E09B4ABFA0D" blockId="102.[151,1436,1159,1473]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBAEF8E09B75CFA99" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[199,562,1339,1365]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="115 - 136" refId="ref170585" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9136 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
regarded records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DB9088E09B12DFA99" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[800,1091,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiparmatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DB9088E09B12DFA99" box="[800,1091,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma albiparmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DBEA18E0EB1ABFA9A" box="[1161,1221,1340,1366]" name="Togo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Togo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DBEFA8E09B05AFA99" box="[1234,1332,1339,1365]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DBF688E09B0F2FA99" box="[1344,1436,1339,1365]" name="Rwanda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DBAE28E6DB448FAB5" box="[202,294,1375,1401]" name="Somalia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Somalia</collectingCountry>
as unconfirmed or the result of misidentifications, and those countries are excluded from the geographic distribution of this tick.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0DC70DBBD58EB1B7BAFA51" author="Allam, N. A. T. &amp; El Moghazy, F. M. &amp; Abdel-Baky, S. M. M." box="[509,724,1411,1437]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="64 - 74" refId="ref168191" refString="Allam, N. A. T., El Moghazy, F. M. &amp; Abdel-Baky, S. M. M. (2018) Molecular epidemiology updates on spotted fever rickettsioses in animal species and their hard ticks settling Egyptian desert. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research, 8, 64 - 74." type="journal article" year="2018">
Allam
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DB8628EB6B7ECFA51" box="[586,642,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0DC70DB97B8EB1B11AFA51" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1920" box="[851,1140,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiparmatum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0DC70DB97B8EB1B11AFA51" box="[851,1140,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Hyalomma albiparmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0DC70DBED18EB6B051FA52" box="[1273,1343,1412,1438]" name="Egypt" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, but this record needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>