196 lines
23 KiB
XML
196 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="2FFDF0C8FCE003442B23C53493B2560C">
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<mods:title id="3651FE1728FA29AA3419DCC1D58B5542">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DDD139CFE8A0C3BBE44134783E7E36F">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8F132214F8BC006C3FCF342A2443C4D1" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2D47156DE50B31A4D1F7551AA7590A4B">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="928C51207202BD4113872E27441CDA35">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E948ACE80F011906FBEF9FBC82899C4" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D28E445558C8A9F133500DCCE05FC378">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="11B795BB9658FCCF23A2388C2E81F671">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F09C709BABF8E6DB786F875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F09C709BABF8E6DB786F875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F09C709BABF8E6DB786F875" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F09C709BABF8E6DB7A7FAB5" box="[151,713,1374,1401]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F09C709BABF8E6DB7A7FAB5" blockId="98.[151,1437,1374,1977]" box="[151,713,1374,1401]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BABF8E6DB5A6FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,200,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">153.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709BAFC8E6CB7ABFAB5" ID-CoL="3J82C" ID-ENA="1506265" authority="Neumann, 1906" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[212,709,1374,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BAFC8E6CB490FAB5" bold="true" box="[212,510,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709B8228E6DB7ABFAB5" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[522,709,1375,1401]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref235368" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F09C709B8FB8E6DB58EFA51" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F09C709B8FB8E6DB58EFA51" blockId="98.[151,1437,1374,1977]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F09C709B9BB8E6DB684FAB5" box="[915,1002,1375,1401]" name="Uganda" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709B9D58E6DB1A0FAB5" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[1021,1230,1375,1401]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref202600" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">
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Hoogstraal 1964
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BE978E6DB1A0FAB5" author="Roy, B. C. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Rehman, A. & Nihoj, A. M." box="[1215,1230,1375,1401]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1069 - 1079" refId="ref248310" refString="Roy, B. C., Estrada-Pena, A., Kr ¸ cken, J., Rehman, A. & Nihoj, A. M. (2018) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1069 - 1079. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.03.035" type="journal article" year="2018">b</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Tomlinson
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BF488E6DB0F3FAB5" box="[1376,1437,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
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2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F09C709BAEF8E95B786F875" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F09C709BAEF8E95B6EDF8E5" blockId="98.[151,1437,1374,1977]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709BAEF8E95B48BFA0D" box="[199,485,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BAEF8E95B48BFA0D" box="[199,485,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a difficult species to identify.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709B9618E95B14DFA0D" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[841,1059,1447,1473]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref202600" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoogstraal (1964b)</bibRefCitation>
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redescribed the female and designated a
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<typeStatus id="548465E20F09C709BAC58EF9B439FA29" box="[237,343,1483,1509]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, and he later supported the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B90E8EF9B122FA29" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[806,1100,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sipinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B90E8EF9B122FA29" box="[806,1100,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis sipinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BE5D8EF9B0F9FA29" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." box="[1141,1431,1483,1509]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref210925" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein & Mustafa (1983</bibRefCitation>
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, see page 411). However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BB9A8EDDB7E7F9C5" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[434,649,1519,1545]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BBD78EDDB756F9C5" box="[511,568,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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noted that Hoogstraal (1964) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BE228EDDB058F9C5" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." box="[1034,1334,1519,1545]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref210925" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein & Mustafa (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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depicted different species; consequently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BBD78D21B7B6F9E1" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[511,728,1555,1581]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8658D21B7E8F9E1" box="[589,646,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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did not treat
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B9478D21B1E0F9E1" box="[879,1166,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B9478D21B1E0F9E1" box="[879,1166,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a South African species and named specimens from that country as
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8E98D05B685F99D" box="[705,1003,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B8E98D05B600F99D" box="[705,878,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haemaphysalis</taxonomicName>
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spinulosa-
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</emphasis>
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like. The taxonomic status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709BF6A8D05B40BF9B9" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BF6A8D05B40BF9B9" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was further complicated by the study of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709B9058D69B159F9B9" author="Tomlinson, J. A. & Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M." box="[813,1079,1627,1653]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="673 - 691" refId="ref259350" refString="Tomlinson, J. A., Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M. (2018) Identity of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954 (Acari: Ixodidae) and H. (R.) subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992, parasites of carnivores and rodents in eastern and southern Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 673 - 691. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: APPA. 0000021771.34520. ab" type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Tomlinson
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B9838D69B68DF9B9" box="[939,995,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, who morphologically analyzed thousands of specimens identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B81A8D4DB621F955" box="[562,847,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B81A8D4DB621F955" box="[562,847,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that had been deposited in the
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F09C709BE898D4DB058F955" box="[1185,1334,1663,1689]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">United States</collectingCountry>
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National Tick Collection, concluding that no
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8048D91B6D5F971" box="[556,955,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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bona fide
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B8B48D91B6D5F971" box="[668,955,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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were in that collection, and specimens under this name had been misidentified or represented new species overlooked in the past. Thereafter,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BED68DF5B419F8C9" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="625 - 657" refId="ref171145" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A. (2019) Description of four new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the H. spinulosa (Rhipistoma) subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 625 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 019 - 09875 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019">Apanaskevich & Tomlinson (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2020) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BBD48DD9B6E6F8C9" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A." box="[508,904,1771,1797]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="625 - 657" refId="ref171145" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A. (2019) Description of four new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the H. spinulosa (Rhipistoma) subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 625 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 019 - 09875 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019">Tomlinson & Apanaskevich (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described eight new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709BED88DD9B0F3F8C9" box="[1264,1437,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BED88DD9B0F3F8C9" box="[1264,1437,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from specimens previously classified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8758C3DB6EDF8E5" box="[605,899,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B8758C3DB611F8E5" box="[605,895,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F09C709BAEF8C01B786F875" blockId="98.[151,1437,1374,1977]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Considering this situation, the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B8A68C01B6C1F881" box="[654,943,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8A68C01B6C1F881" box="[654,943,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here includes only
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F09C709BEBA8C01B182F881" box="[1170,1260,1843,1869]" name="Uganda" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F09C709BF5A8C01B5A9F8BD" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="generic" typeStatus="type">two type</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens were collected. Therefore, records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F09C709B9208C65B144F8BD" box="[776,1066,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B9208C65B144F8BD" box="[776,1066,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F09C709BE5D8C65B1B4F8BD" box="[1141,1242,1879,1905]" name="Tanzania" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BF2D8C65B58CF859" author="Heylen, D. & Day, M. & Schunack, B. & Fourie, J. & Labuschange, M. & Johnson, S. & Githigia, S. M. & Akande, F. A. & Nzalawahe, J. S. & Tayebwa, D. S. & Aschenborn, O. & Marcondes, M. & Madder, M." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref201687" refString="Heylen, D., Day, M., Schunack, B., Fourie, J., Labuschange, M., Johnson, S., Githigia, S. M., Akande, F. A., Nzalawahe, J. S., Tayebwa, D. S., Aschenborn, O., Marcondes, M. & Madder, M. (2021) A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (1) (article 576), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 05014 - 8" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Heylen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709BF498C65B0F3F8BD" box="[1377,1437,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F09C709BB488C49B4D1F859" box="[352,447,1915,1941]" name="Pakistan" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(west) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709B8138C49B679F859" author="Ullah, N. & Jamil, M. & Ramzan, M. & Arshad, A. & Haq, M. Z." box="[571,791,1915,1941]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref261062" refString="Ullah, N., Jamil, M., Ramzan, M., Arshad, A. & ul Haq, M. Z. (2022) Identification and new record of tick species on livestock from district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Persian Journal of Acarology, 11, 159 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 26.12.4" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Ullah
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F09C709B8AC8C49B7AEF859" box="[644,704,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which ignore the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F09C709BE748C49B58AF875" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Apanaskevich, M. A." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="415 - 425" refId="ref169857" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Apanaskevich, M. A. (2018) Description of a new species of Amblyomma Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) and wild pigs (Artiodactyla: Suidae) in the Philippines. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 415 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 018 - 9797 - x" type="journal article" year="2018">Apanaskevich & Tomlinson (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are not included within the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |