644 lines
75 KiB
XML
644 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="8C7448AC6E482B41CC1350842E68867E" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F00C707BABF8F29B401FBF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hyalomma rufipes Koch 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6B6ABC12D97D313B1C345DC8E6A129B8">
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<mods:title id="7D037A5AEF732529066BDD9D79046A17">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6DE8860D24970E2DB1B4DD9E85C5B160" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9A83CDD25C71BFB9FF41570E07FA49E0">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FCDFD000B95D5E50F41425D085F7EE4F" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2BCED7D8F66D704DC1283E08E33B2176">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7562CB0A3805F7CD64D940DCDF9E3909" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7791-4239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0BFFC5EFF1571012CAA537C22BA36A9F" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9DAEE5A9BF6E98CD6A16BB3F628DDED1">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="83642C34107F8AE4A1005B3BE4A1ED5B" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FB924775A839C8C9CC89C8E2A310F31E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A6B68167FE035FB086D5712B3510232B">
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<mods:date id="807CBDE8C23C09E5946C9A1D2B056D6B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="202D952C98EFC30D02DABBF4B8C95AA1">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4BFD57A964E52142849261BC87B6BECA">5251</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="07A7A76556F82D1640AF44BE2292B46B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C93A16F390632021ED7EDD4C8C8F456F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03966A560F00C707BABF8F29B401FBF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718291" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F00C707BABF8F29B401FBF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F00C707BABF8F29B401FBF9" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F00C700BABF8F29B757FBF9" box="[151,569,1050,1077]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F00C700BABF8F29B757FBF9" blockId="107.[151,1437,1050,2013]" box="[151,569,1050,1077]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BABF8F29B5D5FBF9" bold="true" box="[151,187,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700BAEA8F28B75BFBF9" ID-CoL="3MWF4" ID-ENA="72862" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[194,565,1050,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BAEA8F28B4F4FBF8" bold="true" box="[194,410,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BB8A8F29B75BFBF9" author="Koch, C. L." box="[418,565,1051,1077]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F00C700B8178F29B13DF971" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F00C700B8178F29B13DF971" blockId="107.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8DF8F29B622FBF9" box="[759,844,1051,1077]" name="Angola" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B95F8F29B6D3FBF9" box="[887,957,1051,1077]" name="Benin" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Benin</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9C08F29B137FBF9" box="[1000,1113,1051,1077]" name="Botswana" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BEAC8F29B070FBF9" box="[1156,1310,1051,1077]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF618F29B5AAFB95" name="Cameroon" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BAC78F0DB763FB95" box="[239,525,1087,1113]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8108F0DB71DFB95" box="[568,627,1087,1113]" name="Chad" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Chad</collectingCountry>
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(south), 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8DF8F0DB1EAFB95" box="[759,1156,1087,1113]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE988F0DB07EFB95" box="[1200,1296,1087,1113]" name="Djibouti" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF618F0DB0F6FB95" box="[1353,1432,1087,1113]" name="Eritrea" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BAEC8F51B447FBB1" box="[196,297,1123,1149]" name="Swaziland" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB4B8F51B4ABFBB1" box="[355,453,1123,1149]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBD78F51B735FBB1" box="[511,603,1123,1149]" name="Gambia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Gambia</collectingCountry>
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, 14)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8BC8F51B78EFBB1" box="[660,736,1123,1149]" name="Ghana" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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, 15)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9328F51B600FBB1" box="[794,878,1123,1149]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, 16)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9808F51B13EFBB1" box="[936,1104,1123,1149]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
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, 17)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BEA28F51B07CFBB1" box="[1162,1298,1123,1149]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, 18)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF648F51B0F6FBB1" box="[1356,1432,1123,1149]" name="Kenya" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 19)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BAEB8FB5B44EFB6D" box="[195,288,1159,1185]" name="Lesotho" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
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, 20)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB7E8FB5B4C4FB6D" box="[342,426,1159,1185]" name="Liberia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, 21)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBC88FB5B756FB6D" box="[480,568,1159,1185]" name="Malawi" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, 22)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8478FB5B7CAFB6D" box="[623,676,1159,1185]" name="Serbia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mali</collectingCountry>
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(south), 23)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B91A8FB5B6C3FB6D" box="[818,941,1159,1185]" name="Mauritania" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
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(south), 24)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE148FB5B1BDFB6D" box="[1084,1235,1159,1185]" name="Mozambique" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 25)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF218FB5B002FB6D" box="[1289,1388,1159,1185]" name="Namibia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, 26)
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<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F00C700BABF8F99B5B9FB09" box="[151,215,1195,1221]" country="Nigeria" name="Niger" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Niger</collectingRegion>
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(south), 27)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB448F99B4ADFB09" box="[364,451,1195,1221]" name="Nigeria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, 28)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBD58F99B72AFB09" box="[509,580,1195,1221]" name="Oman" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Oman</collectingCountry>
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, 29)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8578F99B67CFB09" box="[639,786,1195,1221]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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(south), 30)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B98F8F99B16CFB09" box="[935,1026,1195,1221]" name="Senegal" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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, 31)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE158F99B1BFFB09" box="[1085,1233,1195,1221]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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, 32)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF248F99B005FB09" box="[1292,1387,1195,1221]" name="Somalia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, 33)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BABF8FFDB446FB25" box="[151,296,1231,1257]" name="South Africa" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 34)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB488FFDB49FFB25" box="[352,497,1231,1257]" name="South Sudan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 35)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8018FFDB71CFB25" box="[553,626,1231,1257]" name="Sudan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 36)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8818FFDB67FFB25" box="[681,785,1231,1257]" name="Tanzania" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 37)
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9608FFDB6EAFB25" box="[840,900,1231,1257]" name="Togo" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Togo</collectingCountry>
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, 38)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9938FFDB17BFB25" box="[955,1045,1231,1257]" name="Uganda" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, 39)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE648FFDB1F3FB25" box="[1100,1181,1231,1257]" name="Yemen" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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, 40)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BEFC8FFDB042FB25" box="[1236,1324,1231,1257]" name="Zambia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 41)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF4C8FFDB58AFAC1" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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; Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBA18FC1B4A1FAC1" box="[393,463,1267,1293]" name="Egypt" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBDF8FC1B7E6FAC1" box="[503,648,1267,1293]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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(north).
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8C28FC1B645FAC1" bold="true" box="[746,811,1267,1293]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Note:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B91A8FC1B16FFAC1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[818,1025,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B91A8FC1B16FFAC1" box="[818,1025,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has also been found in the following Palearctic territories, and it is hypothesized that this tick is established in some of them, but there are no definitive data for where this may be happening, as discussed below: Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9F48E09B15DFA99" box="[988,1075,1339,1365]" name="Algeria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE778E09B1DDFA99" box="[1119,1203,1339,1365]" name="Cyprus" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BEC88E09B053FA99" box="[1248,1341,1339,1365]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF428E09B5B8FAB5" name="Germany" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BAD68E6DB43EFAB5" box="[254,336,1375,1401]" name="Greece" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB5F8E6DB4B4FAB5" box="[375,474,1375,1401]" name="Hungary" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 7)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B82A8E6DB75CFAB5" box="[514,562,1375,1401]" name="Iran" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 8)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8718E6DB7F4FAB5" box="[601,666,1375,1401]" name="Israel" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 9)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8E98E6DB79BFAB5" box="[705,757,1375,1401]" name="Italy" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 10)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9038E6DB617FAB5" box="[811,889,1375,1401]" name="Jordan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 11)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9858E6DB15DFAB5" box="[941,1075,1375,1401]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 12)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE408E6DB1C2FAB5" box="[1128,1196,1375,1401]" name="Libya" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 13)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BEC98E6DB078FAB5" box="[1249,1302,1375,1401]" name="Serbia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
(north), 14)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BABF8EB1B5B5FA51" box="[151,219,1411,1437]" name="Malta" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 15) North Macedonia, 16)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8278EB1B719FA51" box="[527,631,1411,1437]" name="Palestine" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Palestine</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 17)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B8868EB1B780FA51" box="[686,750,1411,1437]" name="Qatar" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Qatar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 18)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B90C8EB1B61CFA51" box="[804,882,1411,1437]" name="Russia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 19)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9808EB1B685FA51" box="[936,1003,1411,1437]" name="Spain" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 20)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE098EB1B112FA51" box="[1057,1148,1411,1437]" name="Sweden" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 21)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BE9B8EB1B19FFA51" box="[1203,1265,1411,1437]" name="Syria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 22)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BF0F8EB1B0F6FA51" box="[1319,1432,1411,1437]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 23)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BAEC8E95B474FA0D" box="[196,282,1447,1473]" name="Tunisia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 24)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BB7B8E95B4CAFA0D" box="[339,420,1447,1473]" name="Turkey" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 25)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700BBF68E95B712FA0D" box="[478,636,1447,1473]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 26)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B89D8E95B67CFA0D" box="[693,786,1447,1473]" name="Ukraine" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 27)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F00C700B9648E95B6A4FA0D" box="[844,970,1447,1473]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B9F28E95B1C8FA0D" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[986,1190,1446,1473]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">
|
||
Hoogstraal 1956
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BEB18E94B1C8FA0D" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[1177,1190,1446,1473]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref250957" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1958 b) Notas ixodologicas. III. Sobre duas especies do genero Aponomma Neumann, 1899 da Regi " o Oriental. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, (249), 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1958">a</bibRefCitation>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Hoogstraal & Kaiser 1958b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BAC28EF9B4AFFA29" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[234,449,1483,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="281 - 405" refId="ref167319" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1967) Biologie et ecologie des tiques (Ixodoidea) de Cote d'Ivoire. Acta Tropica, 24, 281 - 405." type="journal article" year="1967">Aeschlimann 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BBE38EF9B7B1FA29" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[459,735,1483,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B8C28EF9B613FA29" author="Walker, J. B." box="[746,893,1483,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B9A08EF9B108FA29" author="Pegram, R. G. & Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." box="[904,1126,1483,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="215 - 227" refId="ref241870" refString="Pegram, R. G., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1982 b) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of the Yemen Arab Republic. I. Species infesting livestock. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 72, 215 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300010518" type="journal article" year="1982">
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Pegram
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9CD8EF9B170FA29" box="[997,1054,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
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1982b
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BE5B8EF9B074FA29" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[1139,1306,1482,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
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Keirans 1985
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BF238EF8B074FA29" author="Walker, J. B." box="[1291,1306,1482,1509]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="57 - 75" refId="ref262989" refString="Walker, J. B. (1990) Two new species of ticks from southern Africa whose adults parasitize the feet of ungulates: Rhipicephalus lounsburyi n. sp. and Rhipicephalus neumanni n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 57 - 75." type="journal article" year="1990">b</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BAE08EDDB591F9C5" box="[200,255,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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1990,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BB638EDDB77EF9C5" author="Saliba, E. K. & Wassef, H. Y. & Hoogstraal, H. & Main, A. J." box="[331,528,1519,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="156 - 175" refId="ref249333" refString="Saliba, E. K., Wassef, H. Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Main, A. J. (1990) The ticks (Ixodoidea) of East Jordan and the West Bank. Dirasat Series B, 17, 156 - 175." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
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Saliba
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BBBF8EDDB4A1F9C5" box="[407,463,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B8918EDDB6B8F9C5" author="Papadopoulos, B. & Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A." box="[697,982,1519,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref240844" refString="Papadopoulos, B., Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1996) Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece. Veterinary Parasitology, 63, 25 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0304 - 4017 (95) 00877 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">
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Papadopoulos
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9758EDDB6FBF9C5" box="[861,917,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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Wassef
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BE1E8EDDB100F9C5" box="[1078,1134,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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Terenius
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BF378EDDB039F9C5" box="[1311,1367,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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Cringoli
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BBA78D21B4A6F9E1" box="[399,456,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8BB8D21B7A2F9E1" box="[659,716,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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Sylla
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BEE88D21B197F9E1" box="[1216,1273,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8528D05B7DDF99D" box="[634,691,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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Húbalek
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Okely
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Rudolf
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Schulz
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Sili
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8C98D91B677F971" box="[737,793,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B94E8D91B129F971" author="Shekede, M. D. & Chikerema, S. M. & Spargo, M. & Gwitira, I. & Kusangaya, S. & Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[870,1095,1699,1725]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Shekede
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9E48D91B16AF971" box="[972,1028,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F00C707BAEF8DF5B401FBF9" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F00C700BAEF8DF5B602F859" blockId="107.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The morphological identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B8768DF5B640F92D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[606,814,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8768DF5B640F92D" box="[606,814,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult, as demonstrated in the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BF3F8DF5B4E6F8C9" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G." pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich & Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species was extensively confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B9AC8DD9B111F8C8" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[900,1151,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9AC8DD9B111F8C8" box="[900,1151,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other related species until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BAF98C3DB49EF8E5" author="Feldman-Muhsam, B." box="[209,496,1806,1833]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="150 - 170" refId="ref194075" refString="Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1954) Revision of the genus Hyalomma. I. Description of Koch's types. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4, 150 - 170." type="journal article" year="1954">Feldman-Muhsam (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
carefully redescribed both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B9088C3DB69EF8E5" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[800,1008,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9088C3DB69EF8E5" box="[800,1008,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BE0D8C3DB048F8E4" box="[1061,1318,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700BE0D8C3DB04CF8E4" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1061,1314,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">Hyalomma impressum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nevertheless, nomenclatural problems persisted, with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B8B48C01B666F881" box="[668,776,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">bona fide</emphasis>
|
||
records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B9A68C01B10EF881" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[910,1120,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9A68C01B10EF881" box="[910,1120,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
published under the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700BABF8C65B4FDF8BC" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,403,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BABF8C65B4FDF8BC" box="[151,403,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700BB8B8C65B65EF8BC" box="[419,816,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marginatum" subSpecies="impressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BB8B8C65B65EF8BC" box="[419,816,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma marginatum impressum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B9688C65B1D7F8BC" box="[832,1209,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="plumbeum" subSpecies="impressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B9688C65B1D7F8BC" box="[832,1209,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma plumbeum impressum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700BECB8C65B426F859" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marginatum" subSpecies="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BECB8C65B426F859" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma marginatum rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the last name is still used by some workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F00C707BAEF8CADB677FDD5" blockId="107.[151,1437,1050,2013]" lastBlockId="108.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BAEF8CADB4D6F875" author="Camicas, J. L. & Hervy, J. P. & Adam, F. & Morel, P. C." box="[199,440,1951,1977]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Camicas
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700BB078CADB409F875" box="[303,359,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C700B82B8CADB7BCF875" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[515,722,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C700B82B8CADB7BCF875" box="[515,722,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an Afrotropical species, treating Palearctic records as importations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700BAD88CF1B4A2F811" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[240,460,1986,2013]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Hoogstraal & Kaiser (1958) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F00C700B9608CF1B1DFF811" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G." box="[840,1201,1987,2013]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich & Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F00C707BF098CF1B58BFF7D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" order="Ixodida" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F00C707BF098CF1B58BFF7D" italics="true" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an Afrotropical tick established in sub-Saharan countries, but also in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BE3A8BA5B13BFF7D" box="[1042,1109,151,177]" name="Egypt" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Palearctic), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BF7D8BA5B4C7FF19" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M. N." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="297 - 322" refId="ref204476" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M. N. (1959 b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Arabia with special reference to the Yemen. Fieldiana Zoology, 39, 297 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3417" type="journal article" year="1959">Hoogstraal & Kaiser (1959b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Hoogstraal (1980) recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B96A8B89B17BFF19" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[834,1045,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B96A8B89B17BFF19" box="[834,1045,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as endemic in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BEE08B89B062FF19" box="[1224,1292,187,213]" name="Oman" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BF6F8B89B0F7FF19" box="[1351,1433,187,213]" name="Yemen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BABF8BEDB411FF35" author="Wassef, H. I. & Gallagher, M. D." box="[151,383,223,249]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="63 - 88" refId="ref264487" refString="Wassef, H. I., B ¸ ttiker, W. & Gallagher, M. D. (1997) Further records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae) from the Arab Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 63 - 88." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Wassef
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BAD98BEDB445FF35" box="[241,299,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BBFC8BEDB706FF35" box="[468,616,223,249]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Afrotropical and Palearctic) to this list, but the northern limit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BF4C8BEDB457FED1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BF4C8BEDB457FED1" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated here as uncertain. Asian and European records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B9C98A31B1DCFED1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[993,1202,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B9C98A31B1DCFED1" box="[993,1202,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered to be a consequence of nymphs introduced with migrating birds that later molted into adults found infesting mammals in Asia and Europe. Rudolf
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BBF88A79B766FEA9" box="[464,520,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020) considered it probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B9BA8A79B10FFEA9" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[914,1121,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B9BA8A79B10FFEA9" box="[914,1121,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults found on local mammals in central Europe had overwintered, having molted from engorged nymphs introduced by migrating birds, underscoring the possibility that permanently established tick populations might pose a threat to this part of Europe, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BB288A85B497FE1D" author="Uiterwijk, M. & Ibanez-Justicia, A. & van de Vossenberg, B. & Jacobs, F. & Overgaauw, P. & Nijsse, R. & Dabekaussen, C. & Stroo, A. & Sprong, H." box="[256,505,439,465]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref260972" refString="Uiterwijk, M., Ibanez-Justicia, A., van de Vossenberg, B., Jacobs, F., Overgaauw, P., Nijsse, R., Dabekaussen, C., Stroo, A. & Sprong, H. (2021) Imported Hyalomma ticks in the Netherlands 2018 - 2020. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 244), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04738 - x" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Uiterwijk
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB598A85B4C7FE1D" box="[369,425,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded the likelihood of this occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707B9CB8A85B1FCFE1D" box="[995,1170,439,465]" name="Netherlands" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
as low. We hypothesize that permanent populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BBC38AE9B7D4FE39" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[491,698,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BBC38AE9B7D4FE39" box="[491,698,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are already established in undetermined areas of southern Europe, and/or at equivalent latitudes in central and western Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F07C707BAEF8911B77EFC21" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BAEF8911B4DDFDF1" author="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z." box="[199,435,547,573]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref258421" refString="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Teng & Jiang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allegedly found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B85B8911B62BFDF1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[627,837,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B85B8911B62BFDF1" box="[627,837,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707B9438911B6DFFDF1" box="[875,945,547,573]" name="China" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707B9CF8911B03DFDF1" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G." box="[999,1363,547,573]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich & Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that such specimens are in fact
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BBD48975B797FDAC" box="[508,761,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BBD48975B798FDAC" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[508,758,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">Hyalomma turanicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707B9298975B6BEFDAD" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[769,976,583,609]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B96C8975B610FDAD" box="[836,894,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BE218975B1B8FDAD" author="Lang, J. Y. & Shan, Y. M. & Zhang, M. X. & Liu, J. Z. & Wang, F." box="[1033,1238,583,609]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="87 - 97" refId="ref224746" refString="Lang, J. Y., Shan, Y. M., Zhang, M. X., Liu, J. Z. & Wang, F. (2022) The complete mitochondrial genome of Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) from China and comparative analysis of mitogenomes in genus Hyalomma. International Journal of Acarology, 48, 87 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2022.2030794" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Lang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BE628975B1EAFDAD" box="[1098,1156,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BF4C8975B454FD49" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BF4C8975B454FD49" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Chinese tick, but this opinion was not accepted by Zhang, G.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BE1D8959B101FD49" box="[1077,1135,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019), Zhang, Y.K.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BF4B8959B0F3FD49" box="[1379,1437,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BB3489BDB480FD65" author="Zhao, G. P. & Wang, Y. X. & Fan, Z. W. & Ji, Y. & Liu, M. J. & Zhang, W. H. & Li, X. L. & Zhou, S. X. & Li, H. & Liang, S. & Liu, W. & Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q." box="[284,494,655,681]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB7689BDB4F6FD65" box="[350,408,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BBD389BDB750FD65" box="[507,574,655,681]" name="China" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
is therefore provisionally excluded from the geographic distribution of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BADD8981B485FD01" author="McGarry, J. W. & McCall, P. J. & Welby, S." box="[245,491,691,717]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1205 - 1206" refId="ref229732" refString="McGarry, J. W., McCall, P. J. & Welby, S. (2001) Arthropod dermatoses acquired in the UK and overseas. The Lancet, 357, 1205 - 1206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0140 - 6736 (00) 05202 - 8" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
McGarry
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB4A8981B4F4FD01" box="[354,410,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allegedly found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F07C707B88E8981B650FD01" box="[678,830,691,717]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B94A8981B15FFD01" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[866,1073,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B94A8981B15FFD01" box="[866,1073,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a traveler returning from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BF5A8981B5D7FD3D" name="Nepal" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
or Tibet, a record that requires confirmation because there is no evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BE0889E5B181FD3D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1056,1263,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BE0889E5B181FD3D" box="[1056,1263,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in those countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BB2489C9B4A5FCD9" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[268,459,763,789]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB7889C9B4E7FCD9" box="[336,393,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BBFE89C9B7EAFCD9" author="Pun, S. K. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Tarragona, E. L. & Nava, S. & Maharjan, M." box="[470,644,763,789]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. & Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Pun
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B82089C9B72FFCD9" box="[520,577,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is an unclear
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B95C89C9B6D2FCD9" box="[884,956,763,789]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="108" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
record of a male and female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BF0989C9B58BFCF5" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BF0989C9B58BFCF5" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BB2F882DB4D8FCF5" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[263,438,798,825]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, page 398), although the original label data refer to nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BE45882DB00DFCF4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1133,1379,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegyptium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BE45882DB00DFCF4" box="[1133,1379,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma aegyptium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, perhaps indicating that the label was in error or tick specimens representing more than one species had been placed in the same collection vial. Either way,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707B8198855B663FC4D" author="Jadhao, S. G. & Pal, S. & Borkar, S. D. & Chigure, G. M. & Nath, S. & Sanyal, P. K. & Waghmare, S. S. & Kumar, S." box="[561,781,871,897]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="707 - 713" refId="ref211661" refString="Jadhao, S. G., Pal, S., Borkar, S. D., Chigure, G. M., Nath, S., Sanyal, P. K., Waghmare, S. S. & Kumar, S. (2022) Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens harbored by ticks collected from local breed (non-descript) of cattle in the Chhattishgarh State of India. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 42, 707 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 42690 - 021 - 00593 - 6" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Jadhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B8AD8855B7D2FC4D" box="[645,700,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707B9A78855B130FC4D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[911,1118,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707B9A78855B130FC4D" box="[911,1118,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BE898855B1B3FC4D" box="[1185,1245,871,897]" name="India" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the presence of this species in that country requires confirmation, and these specimens are not included in our analysis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BF6D88B9B44CFC05" author="Farooqi, S. H. & Ijaz, M. & Saleem, M. H. & Rashid, M. I. & Oneeb, M. & Khan, A. & Aqib A. I. & Mahmood, S." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref193710" refString="Farooqi, S. H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M. H., Rashid, M. I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A. I. & Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011 - 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.17582 / journal. pjz / 2017.49.6.2011.2017" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Farooqi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BABF889DB5BEFC05" box="[151,208,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BB72889DB752FC05" author="Shahid, M. F. & Yaqub, T. & Ali, M. & Ul-Rahman, A. & Bente, D. A." box="[346,572,943,969]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253747" refString="Shahid, M. F., Yaqub, T., Ali, M., Ul-Rahman, A. & Bente, D. A. (2021) Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from Punjab Province of Pakistan. Acta Tropica, 218 (article 105892), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2021.105892" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Shahid
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB87889DB486FC05" box="[431,488,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, among others, claimed to have collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BE3E889DB188FC05" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1046,1254,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BE3E889DB188FC05" box="[1046,1254,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F07C707BF23889DB003FC05" box="[1291,1389,943,969]" name="Pakistan" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but these records require verification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F07C707BAEF88C5B401FBF9" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F07C707BAEF88C5B4C4FBDD" author="Sands, A. F. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Matthee, S. & Horak, I. G & Harrison, A. & Karim, S. & Mohammad, M. K. & Mumcuoglu, K. Y. & Rajakarua, R. S. & Santos-Silva, M. M. & Matthee, C." box="[199,426,1015,1041]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref250212" refString="Sands, A. F., Apanaskevich, D. A., Matthee, S., Horak, I. G, Harrison, A., Karim, S., Mohammad, M. K., Mumcuoglu, K. Y., Rajakarua, R. S., Santos-Silva, M. M. & Matthee, C. (2017 b) Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 114, 153 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.06.002" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sands
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BB3A88C5B424FBDD" box="[274,330,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented molecular evidence to argue that at least two species may exist under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F07C707BABF8F29B401FBF9" box="[151,367,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F07C707BABF8F29B404FBF9" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,362,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">Hyalomma rufipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |