786 lines
93 KiB
XML
786 lines
93 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="7C5070F46C70609270902D267105B37C">
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<mods:title id="EB68387DD75E562E0C82237AA4D760D1">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F46BAA28F0AF3419918ED5C72E4CFC32">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="29AF218FD6E4741119F5C83654720E41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4BC9382C8875054ADDB19F11AE9763E5">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="51810C0BA056215F9DEF306309AE2F27">Handika, Heru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C253BD7753356D429C39A3D907DA5F0B">Swanson, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C84225ACAE828F13161DEB9E3230A6FE">Giarla, Thomas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7417E7C89C885F120C5A45E8CFFEC255">Rowe, Kevin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1FE12E2A5FC415890B8E35EF853C56D5">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6D0E8B8BC2D9B48A452E8A90FE1B04CC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FC06788003AB35AF1553B5FBB2FF40DA">454</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="786EF57F3A02E94A661C7EE841298973">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="DD0F0EC18F06864D145699D53CA8378C" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015EE9484DF2F9D1FB3AB26F" box="[705,1191,1619,1643]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484DF2F9D1FB3AB26F" blockId="71.[705,1191,1619,1643]" box="[705,1191,1619,1643]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
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<heading id="D0D4B562015EE9484DF2F9D1FB3AB26F" box="[705,1191,1619,1643]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484DF2F9D1FB3AB26F" ID-CoL="ZK6L" authority="Miller and Hollister, 1921" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[705,1191,1619,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484DF2F9D1FC1BB26F" box="[705,902,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
Miller and Hollister, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015EE9474D9FF90CFDF7B071" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484D9FF90CFC6FB2CC" blockId="71.[684,1169,1678,1736]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484D9FF90CFC9BB2CC" ID-CoL="ZK6L" authority="Miller and Hollister, 1921: 101" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484D9FF90CFCF3B2A2" box="[684,878,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
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||
Miller and Hollister, 1921: 101
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860151E9474F5FFC2CFDB4B018" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" startId="72.[108,149,942,963]" targetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" targetPageId="72">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0151E9474F5FFC2CFDB4B018" blockId="72.[108,1212,940,1052]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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||
FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474C8FFC4BFC49B7E5" bold="true" box="[956,980,969,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">A,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0151E9474CEFFC48FF39B7FA" authority=", MVZ" authorityName="MVZ" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474CEFFC48FB2AB7E6" box="[988,1207,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Crocidura brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
, MVZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
237632 (left hind foot); and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474EE2FC65FE75B7FB" bold="true" box="[465,488,999,1023]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">B,</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0151E9474EDDFC65FD5DB7FA" authority=", MZB" authorityName="MZB" box="[494,704,999,1023]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474EDDFC65FDE0B7FB" box="[494,637,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
, MZB
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0151E9474F5FFBB9FDF7B071" blockId="72.[108,618,1083,1141]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0151E9474F5FFBB9FE9AB071" ID-CoL="7JNVP" authority="Miller and Hollister, 1921: 101" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigripes" subSpecies="lipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474F5FFBB9FEEFB057" box="[108,370,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Crocidura nigripes lipara</emphasis>
|
||
Miller and Hollister, 1921: 101
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Original subspecies description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33951850151E9474FBFFB1CFEF5B247" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0151E9474FBFFB1CFDF7B13F" blockId="72.[108,638,1182,1735]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530151E9474FBFFB1CFDF7B13F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079420" collectingDate="1916-08-04" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="H. C. Raven" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="USNM 217545" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0151E9474FBFFB1CFE9FB0B2" box="[140,258,1182,1206]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
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:
|
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA750151E9474E3DFB1CFE2CB0B2" box="[270,433,1182,1206]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">USNM 217545</specimenCode>
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, an adult
|
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<specimenCount id="9D25C9870151E9474D2BFB1CFDD1B0B2" box="[536,588,1182,1206]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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collected by
|
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<collectorName id="26D667D80151E9474FE7FB3DFECFB0D3" box="[212,338,1215,1239]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">H.C. Raven</collectorName>
|
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on
|
||
<date id="FF9D24CE0151E9474E4FFB3DFD85B0D3" box="[380,536,1215,1240]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" value="1916-08-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFD9DD260151E9474E4FFB3DFD85B0D3" box="[380,536,1215,1240]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" value="1916-08-04">4 August 1916</collectingDate>
|
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</date>
|
||
and prepared as a skin and skull. External measurements from the holotype are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0151E9474E5EFA80FE56B11D" box="[365,459,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="131.0">131 mm</quantity>
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×
|
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0151E9474EDDFA83FDA2B11D" box="[494,575,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
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×
|
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0151E9474D51FA80FF06B13E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
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; ear length and weight were not recorded.
|
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0151E9474FBFFAC6FEF5B247" blockId="72.[108,638,1182,1735]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530151E9474FBFFAC6FEF9B247" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079379" collectionCode="TYPE, LOCALITY" county="Miller" elevation="650" latitude="0.979" location="We" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="650" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0151E9474FBFFAC6FEA7B158" box="[140,314,1348,1372]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
|
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0151E9474FBFFAC6FF5EB15F" box="[140,195,1348,1371]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
LOCALITY
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Temboan (southwest from Tondano Lake), northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474EF7FAE7FD87B179" box="[452,538,1381,1405]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Celebes</collectingRegion>
|
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” (
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FD7A820151E9474D05FAE7FDE1B179" box="[566,636,1381,1405]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Miller</collectingCounty>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740151E9474F91FA04FE99B19A" box="[162,260,1414,1438]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Hollister</collectingMunicipality>
|
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, 1921: 101;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0151E9474EA4FA04FE4EB19A" box="[407,467,1414,1438]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[108,149,869,890]" captionTargetBox="[108,1195,234,817]" captionTargetId="graphics-250@5.[107,1213,225,843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1. Maps of A, Southeast Asia and B, Sulawesi showing topographical relief and the approximate boundaries (thick black lines) between areas of endemism (sensu Evans et al., 2003). Two-letter abbreviations in dark gray typeface identify the north-east (NE), north-central (NC), north-west (NW), west-central (WC), eastcentral (EC), south-west (SW), and south-east (SE) areas of endemism. Diamonds label localities where we, or others, have collected shrew specimens since 2010 with the mountain (or locality) name. Stars indicate type localities (Temboan and Pinedapa) from Miller and Hollister (1921). The type localities for the only two Crocidura described from the island since 1921 are Mt. Rorekatimbo (west-central area of endemism) for C. musseri Ruedi (1995) and Mt. Dako (north-west area of endemism) for C. caudipilosa Esselstyn et al. (2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789141/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50151E9474EDCFA04FD8EB199" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50151E9474EDCFA04FD8EB199" box="[495,531,1414,1437]" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="We" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">We</location>
|
||
estimate
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50151E9474F5FFA25FF4FB1BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50151E9474F5FFA25FF4FB1BB" box="[108,210,1447,1471]" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="Temboan" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Temboan</location>
|
||
is in the
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50151E9474E0FFA25FDE1B1BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50151E9474E0FFA25FDE1B1BB" box="[316,636,1447,1471]" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="Southeast Minahasa Regency" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Southeast Minahasa Regency</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474FBAFA4AFE09B1E4" box="[137,404,1480,1504]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0151E9474EADFA4AFE48B1E4" box="[414,469,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50151E9474D0BFA4AFDE7B1E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50151E9474D0BFA4AFDE7B1E4" box="[568,634,1480,1504]" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="Kalait" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Kalait</location>
|
||
, at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90151E9474FB4FA6BFF7AB204" box="[135,231,1513,1537]" degrees="0.979" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" precision="55" value="0.979">0.979° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90151E9474FC0FA6BFEF4B204" box="[243,361,1513,1537]" degrees="124.605" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" precision="55" value="124.605">124.605° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C9870151E9474E47FA6BFE22B204" box="[372,447,1513,1537]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0151E9474E47FA6BFE26B204" box="[372,443,1513,1537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000EE53D0151E9474E47FA6BFE26B204" box="[372,443,1513,1537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
See the gazetteer (appendix) for a full justification of our interpretation of Raven’s notes
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850151E9464FBFF9CEFEECB1E5" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0151E9464FBFF9CEFEECB1E5" blockId="72.[108,638,1182,1735]" lastBlockId="73.[108,637,1381,1736]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0151E9474D34F9CEFF5CB281" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474D34F9CEFF5CB281" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally regarded as a
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474D2EF9EFFDE6B281" box="[541,635,1645,1669]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
endemic that occurs broadly across lowland areas of the island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0151E9474E3AF92DFEDFB2C3" box="[265,322,1711,1735]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[108,149,869,890]" captionTargetBox="[108,1195,234,817]" captionTargetId="graphics-250@5.[107,1213,225,843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1. Maps of A, Southeast Asia and B, Sulawesi showing topographical relief and the approximate boundaries (thick black lines) between areas of endemism (sensu Evans et al., 2003). Two-letter abbreviations in dark gray typeface identify the north-east (NE), north-central (NC), north-west (NW), west-central (WC), eastcentral (EC), south-west (SW), and south-east (SE) areas of endemism. Diamonds label localities where we, or others, have collected shrew specimens since 2010 with the mountain (or locality) name. Stars indicate type localities (Temboan and Pinedapa) from Miller and Hollister (1921). The type localities for the only two Crocidura described from the island since 1921 are Mt. Rorekatimbo (west-central area of endemism) for C. musseri Ruedi (1995) and Mt. Dako (north-west area of endemism) for C. caudipilosa Esselstyn et al. (2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789141/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the species was tenta- tively reported from Obi Island by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0151E9474B0DFBB9FD6BB071" author="Fabre, P. - H. & A. H. Reeve & Y. S. Fitriana & K. P. Aplin & K. M. Helgen" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref57197" refString="Fabre, P. - H., A. H. Reeve, Y. S. Fitriana, K. P. Aplin, and K. M. Helgen. 2018. A new species of Halmaheramys (Rodentia: Muridae) from Bisa and Obi islands (North Maluku Province, Indonesia). Journal of Mammalogy 99: 187 - 208." type="journal article" year="2018">Fabre et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This latter record is based solely on the similarity of cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474C8DFBFCFC56B092" box="[958,971,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0151E9474B95FBFCFD60B0B2" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0151E9474B95FBFCFD60B0B2" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a single specimen from Obi; we have not examined the Obi specimen. On
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474B0BFB42FB08B0DC" box="[1080,1173,1216,1240]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we recorded this species from the north-east (Mt. Ambang, Temboan, and Lembeh,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474B2AFA80FC92B13F" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), north-central (Toraut,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474B2BFAA1FC93B158" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), north-west (Mt. Buliohuto,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474B7DFAC6FC96B179" country="Indonesia" name="Gorontalo" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Gorontalo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Mt. Dako,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474CF3FAE7FD40B19A" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), west-central (Mts. Balease, Rorekatimbo, and Torompupu, Toare, Tolai, and Sungai Miu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474D9FFA4AFC5AB1E4" box="[684,967,1480,1504]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Mt. Gandang Dewata (including our lowland sample area at Salu Tiwo),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474D9FF989FC2BB226" box="[684,950,1546,1570]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Barat" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">West Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and east-central areas of endemism (Mt. Katopasa and Peleng Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0151E9474D9FF9CEFC52B260" box="[684,975,1612,1636]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Notably, we did not record the species from the south-west or southeast areas of endemism. Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0151E9474B12F90DFB20B2A3" author="Musser, G. G." box="[1057,1213,1679,1703]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" pagination="73 - 91" refId="ref59714" refString="Musser, G. G. 1987. The mammals of Sulawesi. In T. C. Whitmore (editor), Biogeographical evolution of the Malay archipelago: 73 - 91. Oxford: Clarendon Press." type="book chapter" year="1987">Musser (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species only from the west-central area of endemism and northern peninsula. The full elevational extent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0150E9464E42FA05FE7DB19A" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[369,480,1415,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464E42FA05FE7DB19A" box="[369,480,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records across these areas extends from near sea level to just over
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0150E9464F5FFA4BFF21B1E4" box="[108,188,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464FF9FA4AFE92B1E5" box="[202,271,1480,1505]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[104,146,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[104,1603,469,1356]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@31.[188,1530,466,1251]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 13. Elevational records of all species of Crocidura known from Sulawesi. Each point represents a specimen. For specimens associated with a minimum and maximum elevation, we used the center of the given elevational range. Sample sizes are given above the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788859/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50150E9464E28FA4AFEFEB1E5" box="[283,355,1480,1505]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860150E9464F5DFB60FEF7B137" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788895/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" startId="73.[110,152,1250,1271]" targetBox="[108,1212,224,1219]" targetPageId="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0150E9464F5DFB60FEF7B137" blockId="73.[108,1213,1248,1331]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
|
||
FIG. 34. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464D8AFB7FFD4CB111" bold="true" box="[697,721,1277,1301]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0150E9464DE9FB7CFC67B111" authority=", MVZ" authorityName="MVZ" box="[730,1018,1278,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464DE9FB7CFC29B112" box="[730,948,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Crocidura brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
, MVZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
237632; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464BB4FB7CFB00B112" bold="true" box="[1159,1181,1278,1302]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0150E9464B95FB7CFEBDB136" authority=", MZB" authorityName="MZB" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464B95FB7CFF43B137" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
, MZB
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
34795.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850150E9464FBFFA68FCC8B261" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0150E9464FBFFA68FCC8B261" blockId="73.[108,637,1381,1736]" lastBlockId="73.[684,1215,1381,1736]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
|
||
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS: A medium-sized shrew (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50150E9464F40F989FF55B227" box="[115,200,1547,1571]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50150E9464FE2F989FF71B227" box="[209,236,1547,1571]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="77.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1190,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="TABLE 14 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Ordinary Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540">14</tableCitation>
|
||
) with a medium build and uniformly dark pelage, feet, and tail (light chocolate to black;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464F80F9CFFF64B261" box="[179,249,1613,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="78.[107,149,902,923]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,872]" captionTargetId="figure-292@78.[108,1212,224,872]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIG. 36. Images showing the ventral surface of the right hind foot and dorsal surface of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from two darkly pigmented members of the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura musseri, FMNH 213267; and B, C. nigripes, LSUMZ 37018. Scale bars apply to all images in panel A and to foot (upper) and tail (lower) in panel B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788899/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tail is shorter than head-andbody length. The hind foot is somewhat short relative to head-and-body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464EC2F90DFDA1B2A3" box="[497,572,1679,1703]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), and usually dark brown to black. The skull is broad, and quite angular, with a prominent maxillary process, broad palate, and dentition with a large occlusal area relative to palatal area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464B66FA25FB2CB1C4" box="[1109,1201,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="79.[108,150,1388,1409]" captionTargetBox="[108,1209,224,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-121@79.[108,1209,224,1362]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIG. 37. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of two darkly pigmented members of the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura musseri, FMNH 213255; and B, C. nigripes, FMNH 210611." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788901/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interorbital region is unusually narrow, which enhances the prominence of the braincase breadth and maxillary process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464B3DF989FBC5B227" box="[1038,1112,1547,1571]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostral length makes up a large proportion of skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0150E9464C33F9CFFCD5B261" box="[768,840,1613,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850150E9454DFFF9ECFC5BB262" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0150E9464DFFF9ECFB21B2CC" blockId="73.[684,1215,1381,1736]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0150E9464C46F9ECFBA5B282" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[885,1080,1646,1670]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0150E9464C46F9ECFBA5B282" box="[885,1080,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally very dark in color with a short tail and moderate body size, but there is substantial variation in size
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" ID-Table-UUID="DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" startId="74.[603,683,226,250]" targetBox="[314,980,358,1139]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9454D68FF60FD51B4FE" blockId="74.[265,1055,226,324]" box="[603,716,226,250]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B5620153E9454D68FF60FD51B4FE" box="[603,716,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" reason="4">TABLE 12</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9454E3AFE93FCF4B540" blockId="74.[265,1055,226,324]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454E3AFE93FE41B523" bold="true" box="[265,476,273,295]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Descriptive Statistics</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF460153E9454EEFFE92FE7EB51A" attach="left" box="[476,483,272,286]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">a</superScript>
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454EDAFE93FCF4B540" bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Thick-Tailed Group of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0153E9454D94FEACFD60B540" box="[679,765,302,324]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454C36FEACFCF4B540" box="[773,873,302,324]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454C36FEACFCF4B540" bold="true" box="[773,873,302,324]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9454D4FFEE4FC57B077" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<table id="F923F0AE015316F04E09FEE4FC49B077" box="[314,980,358,1139]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FEE4FC49B57D" box="[314,980,358,377]" gridrow="0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04D40FEE4FD64B57D" box="[627,761,358,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454D4FFEE4FD6DB57D" box="[636,752,358,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454D4FFEE4FD6DB57D" box="[636,752,358,377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04C76FEE4FC49B57D" box="[837,980,358,377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454C63FEE4FC55B57D" box="[848,968,358,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454C63FEE4FC55B57D" box="[848,968,358,377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FE09FC49B5BD" box="[314,980,395,441]" gridrow="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FE09FD93B5BD" box="[314,526,395,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Condyloincisive length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FE09FD64B5BD" box="[627,761,395,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">22.68 ± 0.368 (22.42–23.31) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FE09FC49B5BD" box="[837,980,395,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">23.29 ± 0.548 (22.33–24.19) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FE48FC49B5FC" box="[314,980,458,504]" gridrow="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FE48FD93B5FC" box="[314,526,458,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Braincase breadth</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FE48FD64B5FC" box="[627,761,458,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">10.2 ± 0.243 (9.92–10.48) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FE48FC49B5FC" box="[837,980,458,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">10.5 ± 0.193 (10.25–10.84) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FD88FC49B63C" box="[314,980,522,568]" gridrow="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FD88FD93B63C" box="[314,526,522,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FD88FD64B63C" box="[627,761,522,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">5.2 ± 0.088 (5.07–5.29) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FD88FC49B63C" box="[837,980,522,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">5.42 ± 0.194 (5.14–5.7) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FDCBFC49B673" box="[314,980,585,631]" gridrow="4" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FDCBFD93B673" box="[314,526,585,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Rostral length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FDCBFD64B673" box="[627,761,585,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">9.43 ± 0.215 (9.21–9.71) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FDCBFC49B673" box="[837,980,585,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">9.75 ± 0.287 (9.4–10.17) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FD0BFC49B6B3" box="[314,980,649,695]" gridrow="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FD0BFD93B6B3" box="[314,526,649,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Postpalatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FD0BFD64B6B3" box="[627,761,649,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">3.95 ± 0.072 (3.87–4.02) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FD0BFC49B6B3" box="[837,980,649,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">4.12 ± 0.123 (3.96–4.36) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FD4AFC49B6F2" box="[314,980,712,758]" gridrow="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FD4AFD93B6F2" box="[314,526,712,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Rostral width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FD4AFD64B6F2" box="[627,761,712,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">2.89 ± 0.102 (2.75–3.03) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FD4AFC49B6F2" box="[837,980,712,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">2.92 ± 0.144 (2.72–3.17) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FC8AFC49B732" box="[314,980,776,822]" gridrow="7" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FC8AFD93B732" box="[314,526,776,822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Postpalatal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FC8AFD64B732" box="[627,761,776,822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">10.1 ± 0.325 (9.81–10.66) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FC8AFC49B732" box="[837,980,776,822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">10.4 ± 0.267 (10.0–11.04) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FCC5FC49B771" box="[314,980,839,885]" gridrow="8" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FCC5FD93B771" box="[314,526,839,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Condyle to glenoid fossa</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FCC5FD64B771" box="[627,761,839,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">8.51 ± 0.073 (8.43–8.63) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FCC5FC49B771" box="[837,980,839,885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">8.75 ± 0.195 (8.44–9.07) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FC05FC49B7B1" box="[314,980,903,949]" gridrow="9" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FC05FD93B7B1" box="[314,526,903,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Upper toothrow length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FC05FD64B7B1" box="[627,761,903,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">9.92 ± 0.121 (9.81–10.09) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FC05FC49B7B1" box="[837,980,903,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">10.2 ± 0.26 (9.78–10.67) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FC44FC49B7F0" box="[314,980,966,1012]" gridrow="10" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FC44FD93B7F0" box="[314,526,966,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">P4 to M3 length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FC44FD64B7F0" box="[627,761,966,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">5.57 ± 0.045 (5.53–5.63) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FC44FC49B7F0" box="[837,980,966,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">5.76 ± 0.147 (5.48–6.02) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FB84FC49B030" box="[314,980,1030,1076]" gridrow="11" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FB84FD93B030" box="[314,526,1030,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">M2 to M2 labial width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FB84FD64B030" box="[627,761,1030,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">6.34 ± 0.098 (6.19–6.46) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FB84FC49B030" box="[837,980,1030,1076]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">6.63 ± 0.191 (6.41–6.95) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015316F04E09FBC4FC49B077" box="[314,980,1094,1139]" gridrow="12" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015316F04E09FBC4FD93B077" box="[314,526,1094,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Palatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04D40FBC4FD64B077" box="[627,761,1094,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">2.84 ± 0.07 (2.77–2.94) 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015316F04C76FBC4FC49B077" box="[837,980,1094,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">3.17 ± 0.119 (3.03–3.36) 11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9454F5FFB09FC49B09A" blockId="74.[108,980,1163,1183]" box="[108,980,1163,1183]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<tableNote id="76C503800153E9454F5FFB09FC49B09A" box="[108,980,1163,1183]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" targetBox="[314,980,358,1139]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF460153E9454F5FFB09FFEFB093" attach="left" box="[108,114,1163,1175]" fontSize="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">a</superScript>
|
||
The sample mean ± one standard deviation, the observed range in parentheses, and the sample size.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE50153E9454F5FFB61FC5BB262" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9454F5FFB61FC5BB262" blockId="74.[108,638,1251,1738]" lastBlockId="74.[684,1213,1251,1738]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
and color. The feet are often nearly black, which will, in most cases, distinguish this species from all
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0153E9454F5FFAA7FF58B139" box="[108,197,1317,1341]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
shrews except the darkest members of the Small-Bodied Group, which are much smaller. Typically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454FE7FAE5FEDDB17B" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[212,320,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454FE7FAE5FEDDB17B" box="[212,320,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454ED4FAE5FDC5B17B" box="[487,600,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454ED4FAE5FDC5B17B" box="[487,600,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454D56FAE5FF6AB1A4" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454D56FAE5FF6AB1A4" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454E30FA0AFE08B1A4" box="[259,405,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454E30FA0AFE08B1A4" box="[259,405,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454EFCFA0AFDA4B1A4" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[463,569,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454EFCFA0AFDA4B1A4" box="[463,569,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comparable in size to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454E12FA2BFE50B1C5" box="[289,461,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microelongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454E12FA2BFE50B1C5" box="[289,461,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. microelongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454EEAFA2BFF1EB1E6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454EEAFA2BFF1EB1E6" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454FA3FA49FE83B1E6" box="[144,286,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454FA3FA49FE83B1E6" box="[144,286,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454E6FFA49FE53B1E6" box="[348,462,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454E6FFA49FE53B1E6" box="[348,462,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and larger than the remaining species known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0153E9454EDEFA69FDD4B207" box="[493,585,1515,1539]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is the largest species in the Ordinary Group. These size differences can be observed using measures of skull length, head-and-body length, mass, or hind foot length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0153E9454FC3F9EDFEACB28C" box="[240,305,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0153E9454E0EF9F2FEC4B28C" box="[317,345,1648,1672]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail length is shorter than head-and-body length, which will distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454D56F913FF26B2CD" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454D56F913FF26B2CD" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all similarly sized shrews (as judged by HBL, CIL, etc.) except the two Thick-Tailed species, which have greater relative hind-foot lengths (HF/HBL) and stockier bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0153E9454B3EFAA7FBCFB139" box="[1037,1106,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0153E9454B52FAA7FBE0B139" box="[1121,1149,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">17</figureCitation>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454C37FAC4FCEEB15A" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[772,883,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454C37FAC4FCEEB15A" box="[772,883,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more angular braincase, more prominent maxillary process (enhanced by the narrow interorbital region), and more robust dentition (larger occlusal surface area) than all other
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0153E9454DC1FA48FCD0B1E6" box="[754,845,1482,1506]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
shrews. The relative interorbital width (IOW/CIL) is substantially less than in all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454CBBF98FFC61B220" box="[904,1020,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454CBBF98FFC61B220" box="[904,1020,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454B07F98FFD45B241" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454B07F98FFD45B241" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0153E9454DD5F9AFFCB7B241" box="[742,810,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), two species with much longer skulls, tails, hind feet, and bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850153E9444DFEF9F2FBF4B0DC" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0153E9444DFEF9F2FE47B138" blockId="74.[684,1213,1251,1738]" lastBlockId="75.[108,637,1018,1737]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
COMMENTS: Phylogenetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0153E9454B79F9EDFD62B2AC" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0153E9454B79F9EDFD62B2AC" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more closely related to shrew species endemic to Sundaland than to any others that live on Sulawesi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0152E9444E18FC78FE6DB016" author="Ruedi, M. & M. Auberson & V. Savolainen" box="[299,496,1018,1042]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" pagination="567 - 571" refId="ref60802" refString="Ruedi, M., M. Auberson, and V. Savolainen. 1998. Biogeography of Sulawesian shrews: testing for their origin with a parametric bootstrap on molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 567 - 571." type="journal article" year="1998">Ruedi et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Esselstyn et al., 2009, 2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0152E9444E25FB99FE6FB037" author="Hinckley, A." box="[278,498,1051,1075]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" refId="ref58146" refString="Hinckley, A., et al. 2021. Evolutionary history of Sundaland shrews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae: Crocidura) with a focus on Borneo. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 045]" type="book" year="2021">Hinckley et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our phylogenetic analyses conducted on far more species than previous studies reinforce this conclusion. We placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444FD2FBFDFECDB092" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[225,336,1151,1174]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444FD2FBFDFECDB092" box="[225,336,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444EFFFBFDFDE8B092" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1934" box="[460,629,1150,1174]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444EFFFBFDFDE8B092" box="[460,629,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. palawanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species endemic to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0152E9444E4BFB1DFE4FB0B3" box="[376,466,1183,1207]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island group in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334429E0152E9444E1CFB42FE34B0DC" box="[303,425,1216,1240]" name="Philippines" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0152E9444E8AFB42FE63B0DC" box="[441,510,1216,1240]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0152E9444D39FB43FD84B0DD" box="[522,537,1217,1241]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0152E9444D1CFB42FE86B0FE" author="Hinckley, A." pageId="75" pageNumber="75" refId="ref58146" refString="Hinckley, A., et al. 2021. Evolutionary history of Sundaland shrews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae: Crocidura) with a focus on Borneo. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 045]" type="book" year="2021">Hinckley et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444EA6FB60FD94B0FD" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[405,521,1250,1273]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444EA6FB60FD94B0FD" box="[405,521,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a close relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444FDBFA81FEC8B11F" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[232,341,1283,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foetida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444FDBFA81FEC8B11F" box="[232,341,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. foetida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Bornean endemic that was not included in our analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860152E9444F5FFC2EFBB1B7E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788897/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" startId="75.[108,150,940,961]" targetBox="[213,1113,224,913]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0152E9444F5FFC2EFBB1B7E4" blockId="75.[108,1212,938,992]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">FIG. 35. Bivariate plot showing the results of principal components analysis of 12 cranial measurements from the five species in the Ordinary Group. Loadings and variance explained are given in table 13.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0152E9444FBFFAC7FDE1B2CC" blockId="75.[108,637,1018,1737]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Miller and Hollister (1921) described two subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444FC9FAE4FDAAB17A" authority="nigripes" box="[250,567,1382,1406]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigripes" subSpecies="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444FC9FAE4FDAAB17A" box="[250,567,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Crocidura nigripes nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Temboan and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444E29FA05FE39B19B" box="[282,420,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. n. lipara</emphasis>
|
||
from Gimpoe, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0152E9444F5FFA2AFE23B1C4" box="[108,446,1448,1472]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0152E9444EE5FA2AFDE6B1C4" author="Ruedi, M." box="[470,635,1448,1472]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated northern peninsula populations as
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444D57FA4BFF7FB206" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
C. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444FB8FA69FF7FB206" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[139,226,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">nigripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and specimens from other parts of the island as
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444E37F98EFE1FB227" box="[260,386,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C. n. lipara</emphasis>
|
||
. He noted size differences with this geographic division, but also highlighted the limited sample of available specimens. We treat
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444E68F9EDFEF6B282" box="[347,363,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444E49F9EDFE15B282" box="[378,392,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444EABF9ECFE44B282" box="[408,473,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">lipara</emphasis>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444FBEF912FE95B2A3" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[141,264,1680,1703]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444FBEF912FF03B2A3" box="[141,158,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444F83F912FE95B2A3" box="[176,264,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because we have not identified any geographically partitioned morphological
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0152E9444D9FFC78FBF4B0DC" blockId="75.[684,1214,1018,1737]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0152E9444D87FC78FD62B016" box="[692,767,1018,1042]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="80.[108,149,860,881]" captionTargetBox="[115,1207,224,833]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIG. 38. Bivariate plot of the first two principal components from an analysis of A, five external measurements and B, 12 cranial variables from across the geographic distribution of Crocidura nigripes on Sulawesi. Specimens coded as C. n. nigripes are those from the northern peninsula and specimens from all other areas were designated as C. n. lipara, per the designations of Miller and Hollister (1921) and Ruedi (1995). Loadings and variance explained are given in tables 15 and 16." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788903/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50152E9444C38FC78FCEDB016" box="[779,880,1018,1042]" captionStart="TABLE 15" captionStartId="81.[600,680,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[322,976,329,900]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="TABLE 15. Results of Principal Components Analysis of Craniodental Measurements of Crocidura nigripes" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">tables 15</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50152E9444C4FFC78FC05B016" box="[892,920,1018,1042]" captionStart="TABLE 16" captionStartId="82.[602,682,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[362,936,329,642]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="TABLE 16 Results of Principal Components Analysis of External Measurements of Crocidura nigripes" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">16</tableCitation>
|
||
) or genetic diversity with our improved sampling. Jukes-Cantor cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444C3EFBBEFC87B050" box="[781,794,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
|
||
distances between specimens sampled from across
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0152E9444CB1FBDFFC79B071" box="[898,996,1117,1141]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
are <0.01 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0152E9444B46FBDFFB2AB071" box="[1141,1207,1117,1141]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[109,149,1509,1530]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@16.[133,929,224,1532]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789143/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; supplementary data S3). As such, we see no reason to maintain the subspecific distinction between
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444C21FB43FC35B0DC" box="[786,936,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
C. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0152E9444C62FB43FC35B0DC" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[849,936,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">nigripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444CD6FB43FC68B0DC" box="[997,1013,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444B30FB43FB8CB0DC" box="[1027,1041,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0152E9444B12FB42FBFFB0DC" box="[1057,1122,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">lipara</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850152E9434DFFFB60FD86B13F" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0152E9434DFFFB60FD86B13F" blockId="75.[684,1214,1018,1737]" lastBlockId="76.[107,637,1017,1339]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0152E9444DFFFB60FC21B0FE" box="[716,956,1250,1274]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444CF9FB60FC07B11F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079428" collectionCode="LSUMZ" location="Mt. Ambang" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="LSUMZ 39044, 39279, 39320" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444CF9FB60FBC9B0FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444CF9FB60FBC9B0FE" box="[970,1108,1250,1274]" name="Mt. Ambang" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Ambang</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B57FB60FD73B11F" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">LSUMZ 39044</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444DCFFA81FCA3B11F" box="[764,830,1283,1307]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">39279</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C78FA81FC12B11F" box="[843,911,1283,1307]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">39320</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444C97FA81FB84B138" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079435" collectionCode="MZB, FMNH" location="Mt. Balease" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="MZB 38491, FMNH 210593, 210595, 210611" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444C97FA81FBBFB11F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444C97FA81FBBFB11F" box="[932,1058,1283,1307]" name="Mt. Balease" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Balease</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B00FA81FB25B11F" box="[1075,1208,1283,1307]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">MZB 38491</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D9FFAA6FCC9B138" box="[684,852,1316,1340]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">FMNH 210593</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C52FAA6FC2DB138" box="[865,944,1316,1340]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">210595</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C8DFAA6FB92B138" box="[958,1039,1316,1340]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">210611</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444B10FAA6FBDFB17A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079318" collectionCode="LSUMZ, NMV" location="Mt. Buliohuto" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="LSUMZ 38279-38281, 38283, 38286, 38287, 38292-38295, 38297, NMV C37778" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444B10FAA6FB21B138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444B10FAA6FB21B138" box="[1059,1212,1316,1340]" name="Mt. Buliohuto" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Buliohuto</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D80FAC7FC2CB159" box="[691,945,1349,1373]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">LSUMZ 38279–38281</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444CF7FAC7FB95B159" box="[964,1032,1349,1373]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">38283</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B2FFAC7FBFDB159" box="[1052,1120,1349,1373]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">38286</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B47FAC7FB25B159" box="[1140,1208,1349,1373]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">38287</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D9FFAE4FCA1B17A" box="[684,828,1382,1406]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">38292–38295</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C78FAE4FC10B17A" box="[843,909,1382,1406]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">38297</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444CAFFAE4FBA6B17A" box="[924,1083,1382,1406]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">NMV C37778</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444B61FAE4FBBEB1E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079313" collectionCode="LSUMZ, NMV, C" location="Mt. Dako" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="LSUMZ 37017-37019, 37022, 37025-37029, 37032, 37035-37049, NMV C37257, C37265, C37307, C37318, C37368, C37369" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444B61FAE4FB20B17A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444B61FAE4FB20B17A" box="[1106,1213,1382,1406]" name="Mt. Dako" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Dako</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D80FA05FC2EB19B" box="[691,947,1415,1439]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">LSUMZ 37017–37019</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444CF9FA05FB93B19B" box="[970,1038,1415,1439]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">37022</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B17FA05FB25B19B" box="[1060,1208,1415,1439]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">37025–37029</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D9FFA2AFD6DB1C4" box="[684,752,1448,1472]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">37032</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C30FA2AFC0BB1C4" box="[771,918,1448,1472]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">37035–37049</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C99FA2BFBD3B1C4" box="[938,1102,1448,1472]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">NMV C37257</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B51FA2AFB2AB1C4" box="[1122,1207,1448,1472]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C37265</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D9FFA4BFD62B1E5" box="[684,767,1481,1505]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C37307</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C39FA4BFCC0B1E5" box="[778,861,1481,1505]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C37318</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C5AFA4BFC21B1E5" box="[873,956,1481,1505]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C37368</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444CF4FA4BFB86B1E5" box="[967,1051,1481,1505]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C37369</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444B1CFA48FC48B206" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079418" collectionCode="FMNH" location="Mt. Gandang Dewata" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="FMNH 218708" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444B1CFA48FD63B206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444B1CFA48FD63B206" name="Mt. Gandang Dewata" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Gandang Dewata</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C26FA68FC57B206" box="[789,970,1514,1538]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">FMNH 218708</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444CD7FA68FC51B227" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079368" collectionCode="USNM" location="Gimpu" municipality="Gimpoe" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="USNM 219444, 219446" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740152E9444CD7FA68FBA1B206" box="[996,1084,1514,1538]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Gimpoe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444B50FA68FB29B206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444B50FA68FB29B206" box="[1123,1204,1514,1538]" municipality="Gimpoe" name="Gimpu" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Gimpu</location>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D80F989FCC2B227" box="[691,863,1547,1571]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">USNM 219444</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C5CF989FC5CB227" box="[879,961,1547,1571]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">219446</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444CEAF989FCF8B240" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079402" collectionCode="USNM" location="Lake Lindu" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="USNM 218668, 501223" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444CEAF989FBC7B227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444CEAF989FBC7B227" box="[985,1114,1547,1571]" name="Lake Lindu" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Lake Lindu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B5EF989FD66B240" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">USNM 218668</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C3AF9AEFCC7B240" box="[777,858,1580,1604]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">501223</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444C43F9AFFBB3B261" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079347" collectionCode="LSUMZ, NMV, C" location="Mt. Katopasa" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="LSUMZ 40925, NMV C40227, C40229, C40230" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444C43F9AFFB9CB240" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444C43F9AFFB9CB240" box="[880,1025,1581,1604]" name="Mt. Katopasa" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Mt. Katopasa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B20F9AEFB25B240" box="[1043,1208,1580,1604]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">LSUMZ 40925</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444D9FF9CCFCD2B261" box="[684,847,1613,1637]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">NMV C40227</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C50F9CFFC24B261" box="[867,953,1613,1637]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C40229</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444CF8F9CFFBBFB261" box="[971,1058,1613,1637]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">C40230</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444B0EF9CFFC25B282" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079333" collectionCode="FMNH" location="Kulawi" municipality="Koelawi" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="FMNH 47361" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740152E9444B0EF9CFFB09B261" box="[1085,1172,1613,1637]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Koelawi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444D9FF9ECFD65B282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444D9FF9ECFD65B282" box="[684,760,1646,1670]" municipality="Koelawi" name="Kulawi" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Kulawi</location>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C3CF9EDFC31B282" box="[783,940,1646,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">FMNH 47361</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444CF2F9ECFB20B2A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079353" collectionCode="AMNH" location="Kuala Navusu" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="AMNH 226105, 226106, 226108, 226109, 226110, 226112" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444CF2F9ECFBCAB282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444CF2F9ECFBCAB282" box="[961,1111,1646,1670]" name="Kuala Navusu" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Kuala Navusu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B54F9EDFD67B2A3" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">AMNH 226105</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C37F90DFCCFB2A3" box="[772,850,1679,1703]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">226106</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C68F90DFC34B2A3" box="[859,937,1679,1703]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">226108</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C80F90DFB9CB2A3" box="[947,1025,1679,1703]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">226109</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B39F90DFBC5B2A3" box="[1034,1112,1679,1703]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">226110</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444B51F90DFB2FB2A3" box="[1122,1202,1679,1703]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">226112</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9444D9EF932FC67B2CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079337" box="[685,1018,1712,1737]" collectionCode="AMNH" location="Peleng Island" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="AMNH 109215" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444D9EF932FCA5B2CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444D9EF932FCA5B2CC" box="[685,824,1712,1736]" name="Peleng Island" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Peleng Island</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9444C76F933FC72B2CC" box="[837,1007,1712,1737]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">AMNH 109215</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530152E9434B32F932FF56B015" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079439" collectionCode="USNM" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" location="Pinedapa" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="USNM 219435" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50152E9444B32F932FBFFB2CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50152E9444B32F932FBFFB2CC" box="[1025,1122,1712,1736]" name="Pinedapa" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Pinedapa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750152E9434B43F933FF5DB015" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
|
||
USNM
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE50155E9434F5FFC7BFF5DB015" box="[108,192,1017,1041]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="results">219435</subSection>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434FEDFC78FEB0B036" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079373" collectionCode="FMNH" location="Mt. Rorekatimbo" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="FMNH 213190, 213191, 213252" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434FEDFC78FE3AB015" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434FEDFC78FE3AB015" box="[222,423,1017,1041]" name="Mt. Rorekatimbo" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Mt. Rorekatimbo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434EF2FC7BFDE5B015" box="[449,632,1017,1041]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">FMNH 213190</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434F5FFB98FF21B036" box="[108,188,1050,1074]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">213191</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434FFCFB98FEBFB036" box="[207,290,1050,1074]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">213252</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434E0FFB98FE0EB057" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079364" collectionCode="FMNH, MZB" location="Salu Tiwo" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="FMNH 218703, 218704, MZB 38488, 38489" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434E0FFB98FE2CB036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434E0FFB98FE2CB036" box="[316,433,1050,1074]" name="Salu Tiwo" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Salu Tiwo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434EF4FB98FDE4B036" box="[455,633,1050,1074]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">FMNH 218703</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434F5FFBB9FF24B057" box="[108,185,1083,1107]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">218704</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434FF2FBBEFEA0B057" box="[193,317,1083,1107]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">MZB 38488</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E75FBB9FE15B057" box="[326,392,1083,1107]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">38489</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434EA4FBBEFD8AB070" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079310" collectionCode="RMNH, IZEA" location="Toraut" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="RMNH 38389, IZEA 4413, 38390, IZEA 4415" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434EA4FBBEFE46B057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434EA4FBBEFE46B057" box="[407,475,1084,1107]" name="Toraut" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Toraut</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434ED4FBB9FDE0B057" box="[487,637,1083,1107]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">RMNH 38389</specimenCode>
|
||
[=
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434FBDFBDEFE97B070" box="[142,266,1116,1140]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">IZEA 4413</specimenCode>
|
||
],
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E2DFBDEFEC3B070" box="[286,350,1116,1140]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">38390</specimenCode>
|
||
[=
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434EB8FBDEFD95B070" box="[395,520,1116,1140]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">IZEA 4415</specimenCode>
|
||
])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434D17FBDEFE82B091" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079427" collectionCode="FMNH" location="Lembeh" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="FMNH 31844" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434D17FBDEFDE6B070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434D17FBDEFDE6B070" box="[548,635,1116,1140]" name="Lembeh" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Lembeh</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434F40FBFFFE89B091" box="[115,276,1149,1173]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">FMNH 31844</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434E18FBFFFDE1B091" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079305" box="[299,636,1149,1173]" collectionCode="AMNH" location="Sungai Miu" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 223989" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434E18FBFFFE31B091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434E18FBFFFE31B091" box="[299,428,1149,1173]" name="Sungai Miu" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Sungai Miu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E8CFBFFFDEFB091" box="[447,626,1149,1173]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 223989</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434F5FFB1CFDE0B0B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079332" box="[108,637,1182,1207]" collectionCode="AMNH" location="Tolai" municipality="Sungai Tolewonu" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 226537-226539" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740155E9434F5FFB1CFEBFB0B2" box="[108,290,1182,1206]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Sungai Tolewonu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434E1EFB1CFEFCB0B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434E1EFB1CFEFCB0B2" box="[301,353,1182,1206]" municipality="Sungai Tolewonu" name="Tolai" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Tolai</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E5DFB1DFDEFB0B2" box="[366,626,1182,1207]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 226537–226539</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434F5EFB3DFF5BB0FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079445" collectionCode="FMNH, USNM" location="Temboan" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="FMNH 43859, USNM 217536, 217541- 217545" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434F5EFB3DFF4DB0D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434F5EFB3DFF4DB0D3" box="[109,208,1215,1239]" name="Temboan" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Temboan</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434FEEFB42FEEEB0D3" box="[221,371,1215,1240]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">FMNH 43859</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E4FFB42FD86B0D3" box="[380,539,1215,1240]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">USNM 217536</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434D17FB3DFF26B0FC" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">217541– 217545</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434FF9FB63FDE1B11E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079342" collectionCode="FMNH, USNM" location="Tuare or Toware" municipality="Toare" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="FMNH 47362, USNM 219434, 219437-219440, 219443, 219447" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740155E9434FF9FB63FE98B0FC" box="[202,261,1249,1272]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Toare</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434E14FB63FE4CB0FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434E14FB63FE4CB0FD" box="[295,465,1249,1273]" municipality="Toare" name="Tuare or Toware" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Tuare or Toware</location>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434ED7FB63FDE4B0FC" box="[484,633,1248,1273]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">FMNH 47362</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434F58FA80FE91B11E" box="[107,268,1282,1306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">USNM 219434</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E24FA80FE20B11E" box="[279,445,1282,1306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">219437–219440</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434EFBFA80FD8BB11E" box="[456,534,1282,1306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">219443</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434D12FA80FDECB11E" box="[545,625,1282,1306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">219447</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530155E9434F5DFAA1FD86B13F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079345" box="[110,539,1315,1339]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" location="Mt. Torompupu" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="LSUMZ 39469-39474" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50155E9434F5DFAA1FE8BB13E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015EE9434DF2F9D1FD86B13F:8EFC54D50155E9434F5DFAA1FE8BB13E" box="[110,278,1315,1338]" name="Mt. Torompupu" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Mt. Torompupu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750155E9434E10FAA1FD8DB13F" box="[291,528,1315,1339]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">LSUMZ 39469–39474</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |