567 lines
75 KiB
XML
567 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="76ABA0D9419FA76ED3A5C904A624CDF6" ID-CLB-Dataset="2886" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a7cdaa4-c2f2-4370-9301-c2ab339b2e0d" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788835" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639747398861" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Esselstyn, Jacob A., Achmadi, Anang S., Handika, Heru, Swanson, Mark T., Giarla, Thomas C. & Rowe, Kevin C." docDate="2021" docId="038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.454.1-108.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (454)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crocidura caudicrassa Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe 2021, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFB3CB600119E90F4F33FF82FF9DB404" masterDocTitle="Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1699472789874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D50FE5AC5BB678B4E0C8A31053AB1D0C">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD980E825EFDDCBF81BD5DA34309CA11">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5441202A922065EBC72CF49E30D1DCE5">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FBE410BE3A95321B4671CE9CBEE7DB7">Handika, Heru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="64FFC91AE4D5488D47DD2ED075443EF0">Swanson, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="413530B6585ACB064340E87BA9A2A53A">Giarla, Thomas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CCF74809244B87DACA2F56E4CB47C91">Rowe, Kevin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D77F6E3528BE3D60889CBAFA54F67A46">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="10F7D7FB18CF1E9D4054E2A5CBB7038A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="CEA13CC15F7E268919D7503DC73CC5BB">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795542" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795542" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D0D4B562015CE94A4F9DFB3DFDA4B0D3" box="[174,569,1215,1240]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015CE94A4F9DFB3DFE2CB0DC" bold="true" box="[174,433,1215,1240]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015CE94A4F9DFB3DFE37B0D3" authority="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe, 2021" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[174,426,1215,1239]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015CE94A4F9DFB3DFE37B0D3" bold="true" box="[174,426,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2646367015CE94A4E8AFB42FDA4B0D3" box="[441,569,1215,1239]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015CE94A4FC1FB71FE52B149" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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LSID:
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urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015CE94A4E22FAE5FE08B17B" box="[273,405,1383,1407]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">MZB 34795</specimenCode>
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, an
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collected on
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<date id="FF9D24CE015CE94A4FD3FA0AFE02B1A4" box="[224,415,1416,1440]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" value="2011-10-28">
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<collectingDate id="EFD9DD26015CE94A4FD3FA0AFE02B1A4" box="[224,415,1416,1440]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" value="2011-10-28">28 October 2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="26D667D8015CE94A4EFCFA0AFDD5B1A4" box="[463,584,1416,1440]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">K.C. Rowe</collectorName>
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and preserved as a cleaned skull (
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4E9BFA2BFD9DB1C5" box="[424,512,1449,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[110,152,1250,1271]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-175@73.[108,1212,224,1220]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 34. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632; and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788895/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 34B</figureCitation>
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), fluid-preserved body (
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4E33FA48FEC5B1E6" box="[256,344,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[108,149,942,963]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetId="figure-296@72.[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632 (left hind foot); and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 33B</figureCitation>
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), and tissue sample (
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015CE94A4D09FA48FF59B207" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">NMV Z21760</specimenCode>
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). External measurements are
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4D3AFA69FDFBB207" box="[521,614,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="144.0">144 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4F5DF98EFF21B220" box="[110,188,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4FE8F98EFEB4B220" box="[219,297,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4E74F98EFE0BB220" box="[327,406,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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=
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4E87F98EFE6CB220" box="[436,497,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.65" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="g" value="16.5">16.5g</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015CE94A4FBFF9ACFEB2B2CE" blockId="69.[108,637,1383,1738]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
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TYPE LOCALITY:
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<collectingCountry id="F334429E015CE94A4E66F9AFFE5BB241" box="[341,454,1581,1605]" name="Indonesia" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015CE94A4EEBF9ACFF4FB262" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Barat" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">West Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty id="62FD7A82015CE94A4FD7F9CCFE50B262" box="[228,461,1614,1638]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">Kabupaten Mamasa</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF89874015CE94A4ED3F9CDFF23B283" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">Desa Tondok Bakaru</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<location id="8EFC54D5015CE94A4FFFF9F2FE45B283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201:8EFC54D5015CE94A4FFFF9F2FE45B283" box="[204,472,1647,1672]" country="Indonesia" county="Kabupaten Mamasa" latitude="-2.84534" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.38216" municipality="Desa Tondok Bakaru" name="Kampung Rantepangko" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="West Sulawesi Province">Kampung Rantepangko</location>
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,
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<location id="8EFC54D5015CE94A4ED5F9F2FF5CB2AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201:8EFC54D5015CE94A4ED5F9F2FF5CB2AC" country="Indonesia" county="Kabupaten Mamasa" latitude="-2.84534" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.38216" municipality="Desa Tondok Bakaru" name="Mt. Gandang Dewata" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="West Sulawesi Province">Mt. Gandang Dewata</location>
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,
|
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<location id="8EFC54D5015CE94A4FFFF913FE8DB2AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201:8EFC54D5015CE94A4FFFF913FE8DB2AD" box="[204,272,1681,1705]" country="Indonesia" county="Kabupaten Mamasa" latitude="-2.84534" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.38216" municipality="Desa Tondok Bakaru" name="Post 3" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="West Sulawesi Province">Post 3</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C9015CE94A4E2EF912FE0CB2AD" box="[285,401,1680,1705]" degrees="2.84534" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" precision="1" value="-2.84534">2.84534° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C9015CE94A4EAEF912FDB0B2AC" box="[413,557,1680,1704]" degrees="119.38216" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" precision="1" value="119.38216">119.38216° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4D09F912FF23B2CD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.58" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="2610.0" valueMax="2640.0" valueMin="2580.0">
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<elevation id="000EE53D015CE94A4D09F912FF23B2CD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.58" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="2610.0" valueMax="2640.0" valueMin="2580.0">2580– 2640 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015CE94A4DFFFF60FB20B51F" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015CE94A4DFFFF60FB20B51F" blockId="69.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY:
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||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015CE94A4C56FF60FC7AB4FE" box="[869,999,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">Caudicrassa</emphasis>
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||
is Latin for “thick tail,” identifying this species’ most distinctive trait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015CE94A4DFFFEA6FB83B606" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015CE94A4DFFFEA6FB83B606" blockId="69.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498BCAC015CE94A4C2FFEC7FCD1B559" box="[796,844,325,349]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality around
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4B3EFEC7FBFEB558" box="[1037,1123,325,349]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
on Mt. Gandang Dewata and from a single specimen collected by Luis Ruedas at
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4CC6FE05FBD1B59A" box="[1013,1100,391,415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="2120.0">2120 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation from an area approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4CD6FE2AFBB6B5C4" box="[997,1067,424,448]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
ESE of Gandang Dewata in Rindingallo, of the west-central area of endemism (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4CB3FE68FC25B606" box="[896,952,490,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[108,149,869,890]" captionTargetBox="[108,1195,234,817]" captionTargetId="graphics-250@5.[107,1213,225,843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1. Maps of A, Southeast Asia and B, Sulawesi showing topographical relief and the approximate boundaries (thick black lines) between areas of endemism (sensu Evans et al., 2003). Two-letter abbreviations in dark gray typeface identify the north-east (NE), north-central (NC), north-west (NW), west-central (WC), eastcentral (EC), south-west (SW), and south-east (SE) areas of endemism. Diamonds label localities where we, or others, have collected shrew specimens since 2010 with the mountain (or locality) name. Stars indicate type localities (Temboan and Pinedapa) from Miller and Hollister (1921). The type localities for the only two Crocidura described from the island since 1921 are Mt. Rorekatimbo (west-central area of endemism) for C. musseri Ruedi (1995) and Mt. Dako (north-west area of endemism) for C. caudipilosa Esselstyn et al. (2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789141/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015CE94A4CF5FE68FB8DB606" box="[966,1040,490,514]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015CE9494DFFFD89FE71B017" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015CE94A4DFFFD89FB21B2CE" blockId="69.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: A large (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015CE94A4CFAFD89FBB4B627" box="[969,1065,523,547]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015CE94A4B08FD89FBC4B627" box="[1083,1113,523,547]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="74.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[314,980,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="TABLE 12 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Thick-Tailed Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" tableUuid="DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540">12</tableCitation>
|
||
), stocky shrew (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4C37FDAEFCCFB640" box="[772,850,556,580]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) with chocolate dorsal pelage (more reddish brown in MSB 93104 from Rindingallo), slightly grayer ventral pelage, and an unusually thick tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4CA5FD0DFC6CB6AC" box="[918,1009,655,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[108,149,942,963]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetId="figure-296@72.[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632 (left hind foot); and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal hairs are dark gray at the base, with the overall pelage color determined by the browner approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4D9EFD71FD6DB70E" box="[685,752,755,779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
tip. The tips of ventral hairs are a paler brown. The tail is shorter than head-and-body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4C35FCB7FCD9B749" box="[774,836,821,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) and holds conspicuous bristles spread along nearly its entire length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4B67FCD4FB2DB76A" box="[1108,1200,854,878]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[108,149,942,963]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetId="figure-296@72.[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632 (left hind foot); and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bristles are pigmented proximally for roughly half their length in the series from Mt. Gandang Dewata, but only for approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4B82FC3BFD44B7F6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the specimen from Rindingallo (MSB 93104). The tail varies from pale brown to dark brown dorsally and is slightly paler on the ventral surface. The overall color of the tail is largely determined by the many applied hairs that cover the tail scales. The feet are similar in color to the tail, dorsally and ventrally and both the tail and feet are slightly paler than the dorsal pelage. The feet are small relative to body mass, but not body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4C76FA86FC0DB118" box="[837,912,1284,1308]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interdigital pads are exceptionally prominent, but the thenar and hypothenar are not unusual (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4CC2FAC4FBD1B15A" box="[1009,1100,1350,1374]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[108,149,942,963]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetId="figure-296@72.[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632 (left hind foot); and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pelage is unusually thick, with hairs at the middorsum approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015CE94A4CBAFA0AFC68B1A4" box="[905,1013,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The skull is large and robust, with a broad interorbital region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4D87FA48FC95B1E6" box="[692,776,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4C24FA48FCDBB1E6" box="[791,838,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[110,152,1250,1271]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-175@73.[108,1212,224,1220]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 34. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632; and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788895/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">34B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rostrum is long relative to skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015CE94A4C75FA69FC0CB207" box="[838,913,1515,1539]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="69">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015CE94A4C91FA69FB9DB207" box="[930,1024,1515,1539]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="74.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[314,980,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="TABLE 12 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Thick-Tailed Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" pageId="69" pageNumber="69" tableUuid="DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540">table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
). From a dorsal view, the braincase appears narrow, largely from the effect of the broad interorbital region. In dorsal view, the anteriorly converging lines formed by the sinus canal, interorbital margin, and rostrum above the maxillary process are quite straight. In ventral view, the rostrum is
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C5286015FE9494D68FF60FB24B523" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" startId="70.[603,683,226,250]" targetBox="[283,1006,329,900]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494D68FF60FB24B523" blockId="70.[112,1209,226,295]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B562015FE9494D68FF60FD51B4FE" box="[603,716,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" reason="4">TABLE 10</heading>
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494F43FE93FB24B523" bold="true" box="[112,1209,273,295]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Results of Principal Components Analysis of Craniodental Measurements of the Thick-Tailed Group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494B6BFE93FB24B523" box="[1112,1209,273,295]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494B6BFE93FB24B523" bold="true" box="[1112,1209,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494D9DFECBFC52B780" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<table id="F923F0AE015F16F04E28FECBFC73B780" box="[283,1006,329,900]" colsContinueFrom="57.[283,1006,329,900]" colsContinueIn="71.[360,943,329,642]" gridcols="3" gridrows="16" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FECBFC73B558" box="[283,1006,329,348]" gridrow="0" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFECBFCB9B558" box="[686,804,329,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Component 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFECBFC73B558" box="[888,1006,329,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Component 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FEEFFC73B584" box="[283,1006,365,384]" gridrow="1" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FEEFFD9CB584" box="[283,513,365,384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Variablesa</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FE10FC73B5A1" box="[283,1006,402,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FE10FD9CB5A1" box="[283,513,402,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Condyloincisive length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFE10FCB9B5A1" box="[686,804,402,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.6837</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFE10FC73B5A1" box="[888,1006,402,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.3462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FE35FC73B5CE" box="[283,1006,439,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FE35FD9CB5CE" box="[283,513,439,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Braincase breadth</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFE35FCB9B5CE" box="[686,804,439,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.2291</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFE35FC73B5CE" box="[888,1006,439,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.3547</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FE5EFC73B5EB" box="[283,1006,476,495]" gridrow="4" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FE5EFD9CB5EB" box="[283,513,476,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFE5EFCB9B5EB" box="[686,804,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.1896</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFE5EFC73B5EB" box="[888,1006,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.2052</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FD83FC73B610" box="[283,1006,513,532]" gridrow="5" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FD83FD9CB610" box="[283,513,513,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Rostral length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFD83FCB9B610" box="[686,804,513,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.3488</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFD83FC73B610" box="[888,1006,513,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.0117</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FDA4FC73B63D" box="[283,1006,550,569]" gridrow="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FDA4FD9CB63D" box="[283,513,550,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Postpalatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFDA4FCB9B63D" box="[686,804,550,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.1309</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFDA4FC73B63D" box="[888,1006,550,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.1335</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FDC8FC73B659" box="[283,1006,586,605]" gridrow="7" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FDC8FD9CB659" box="[283,513,586,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Rostral width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFDC8FCB9B659" box="[686,804,586,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.0266</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFDC8FC73B659" box="[888,1006,586,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.0543</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FDEDFC73B686" box="[283,1006,623,642]" gridrow="8" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FDEDFD9CB686" box="[283,513,623,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Postpalatal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFDEDFCB9B686" box="[686,804,623,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.3080</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFDEDFC73B686" box="[888,1006,623,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.3563</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FD16FC73B6AC" box="[283,1006,660,680]" gridrow="9" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FD16FD9CB6AC" box="[283,513,660,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Condyle to glenoid fossa</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFD16FCB9B6AC" box="[686,804,660,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.2077</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFD16FC73B6AC" box="[888,1006,660,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.0526</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FD3BFC73B6C8" box="[283,1006,697,716]" gridrow="10" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FD3BFD9CB6C8" box="[283,513,697,716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Upper toothrow length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFD3BFCB9B6C8" box="[686,804,697,716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.2996</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFD3BFC73B6C8" box="[888,1006,697,716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.0421</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FD5CFC73B6F5" box="[283,1006,734,753]" gridrow="11" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FD5CFD9CB6F5" box="[283,513,734,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">P4 to M3 length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFD5CFCB9B6F5" box="[686,804,734,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.1698</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFD5CFC73B6F5" box="[888,1006,734,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.1337</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FC81FC73B712" box="[283,1006,771,790]" gridrow="12" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FC81FD9CB712" box="[283,513,771,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">M2 to M2 labial width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFC81FCB9B712" box="[686,804,771,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.1817</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFC81FC73B712" box="[888,1006,771,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.5521</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FCAAFC73B73F" box="[283,1006,808,827]" gridrow="13" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FCAAFD9CB73F" box="[283,513,808,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Palatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFCAAFCB9B73F" box="[686,804,808,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.1223</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFCAAFC73B73F" box="[888,1006,808,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">-0.4870</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FCCEFC73B75B" box="[283,1006,844,863]" gridrow="14" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FCCEFD9CB75B" box="[283,513,844,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Proportion of variance</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFCCEFCB9B75B" box="[686,804,844,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.7639</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFCCEFC73B75B" box="[888,1006,844,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.0682</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015F16F04E28FCF3FC73B780" box="[283,1006,881,900]" gridrow="15" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015F16F04E28FCF3FD9CB780" box="[283,513,881,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Cumulative proportion</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04D9DFCF3FCB9B780" box="[686,804,881,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.7639</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015F16F04C4BFCF3FC73B780" box="[888,1006,881,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">0.8321</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494F5FFC1EFDB2B7B4" blockId="70.[108,559,924,944]" box="[108,559,924,944]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<tableNote id="76C50380015FE9494F5FFC1EFDB2B7B4" box="[108,559,924,944]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[283,1006,329,900]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF46015FE9494F5FFC1EFFEFB7AC" attach="left" box="[108,114,924,936]" fontSize="5" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">a</superScript>
|
||
Table entries for variables are component loadings.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE5015FE9494F5FFC58FE71B017" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494F5FFC58FE71B017" blockId="70.[108,638,986,1737]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
narrow relative to the broad posterior palate. The molar row is robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015FE9494EB6FC79FE7DB017" box="[389,480,1019,1043]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[110,152,1250,1271]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-175@73.[108,1212,224,1220]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 34. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632; and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788895/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">fig. 34B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015FE9494FBFFB9EFBB7B159" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494FBFFB9EFBB7B159" blockId="70.[108,638,986,1737]" lastBlockId="70.[684,1214,986,1737]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494E07FB9EFDBDB030" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[308,544,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494E07FB9EFDBDB030" box="[308,544,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (as estimated from skull length) than most other species of shrew on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015FE9494E7BFBDCFE35B072" box="[328,424,1118,1142]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The exceptions are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494F5EFBFDFF78B093" box="[109,229,1151,1175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494F5EFBFDFF78B093" box="[109,229,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494E2EFBFDFE53B093" box="[285,462,1151,1175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494E2EFBFDFE53B093" box="[285,462,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Elongata Subgroup,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494FDBFB22FEFCB0BC" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[232,353,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494FDBFB22FEFCB0BC" box="[232,353,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Ordinary Group, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494FACFB43FE89B0DD" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[159,276,1217,1241]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494FACFB43FE89B0DD" box="[159,276,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Rhoditis Group. Among these relatively large animals,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494EF1FB61FDFDB0FE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[450,608,1250,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494EF1FB61FDFDB0FE" box="[450,608,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much stockier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494E78FA86FE23B11F" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[331,446,1284,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494E78FA86FE23B11F" box="[331,446,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all members of the Long-Tailed Group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015FE9494EA6FAA6FE41B138" box="[405,476,1316,1340]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015FE9494EDBFAA6FDAEB138" box="[488,563,1316,1340]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494F5EFAC4FF40B159" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[109,221,1349,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494F5EFAC4FF40B159" box="[109,221,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a body form nearly as robust, but it is substantially paler in pelage and skin color, particularly on the feet, and has a longer hind foot and thinner tail than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494EA2FA2BFDB0B1C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[401,557,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494EA2FA2BFDB0B1C4" box="[401,557,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015FE9494D0EFA2AFDE5B1C5" box="[573,632,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015FE9494F5FFA48FF2BB1E6" box="[108,182,1482,1506]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494FFBFA48FE2FB1E6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[200,434,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494FFBFA48FE2FB1E6" box="[200,434,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494F96FA69FE85B206" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[165,280,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494F96FA69FE85B206" box="[165,280,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite its stockier body. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494F98F98EFED1B220" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[171,332,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494F98F98EFED1B220" box="[171,332,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a wider interorbital region relative to both braincase breadth and skull length and a less robust dentition than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494FE7F9EDFED9B283" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[212,324,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494FE7F9EDFED9B283" box="[212,324,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494E63F9EDFDA7B283" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[336,570,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494E63F9EDFDA7B283" box="[336,570,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could also be mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494E58F912FD94B2AC" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[363,521,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494E58F912FD94B2AC" box="[363,521,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other member of the Thick-Tailed Group, but the latter has a less stocky body form, less prominent interdigital pads, shorter skull length, narrower rostrum and interorbital region, lesser braincase height, and less elongate interorbital region (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015FE9494BBBFBBFFD57B072" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="74.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[314,980,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="TABLE 12 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Thick-Tailed Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="DF5C52860153E9454D68FF60FCF4B540">table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
). The most distinctive feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494B60FBDCFD70B093" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494B60FBDCFD70B093" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its thick tail, which has no equal among Sulawesi’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494C11FB22FC12B0BC" box="[802,911,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494C11FB22FC12B0BC" box="[802,911,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is approached by the somewhat thick tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494C84FB43FBCFB0DD" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[951,1106,1217,1241]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494C84FB43FBCFB0DD" box="[951,1106,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015FE9494B50FB43FB2DB0DD" box="[1123,1200,1217,1241]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[108,149,942,963]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetId="figure-296@72.[113,1206,224,911]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 33. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the two members of the Thick-Tailed Group: A, Crocidura brevicauda, MVZ 237632 (left hind foot); and B, C. caudicrassa, MZB 34795 (right hind foot). In B the upper scale bar applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788893/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494C77FB61FC40B0FE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[836,989,1250,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494C77FB61FC40B0FE" box="[836,989,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thick—only those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494DFEFA86FCF4B11F" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[717,873,1283,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494DFEFA86FCF4B11F" box="[717,873,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494C9AFA86FBBCB11F" authorityName="Ruedi" authorityYear="1995" box="[937,1057,1284,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494C9AFA86FBBCB11F" box="[937,1057,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter of which is much smaller and does not have a particularly thick tail, are comparable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015FE9484DFFFAE5FE5EB1A6" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494DFFFAE5FBE4B262" blockId="70.[684,1214,986,1737]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">
|
||
COMMENTS: We tested species limits between the two Thick-Tailed species using BPP on a small dataset containing 13
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494CACFA2AFB17B1C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[927,1162,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494CACFA2AFB17B1C4" box="[927,1162,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494DEDFA48FCEEB1E6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[734,883,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494DEDFA48FCEEB1E6" box="[734,883,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Twelve of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015FE9494B12FA48FB21B1E6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[1057,1212,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="70" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015FE9494B12FA48FB21B1E6" box="[1057,1212,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens lack three of the five loci in this alignment, and thus it is only 54% complete. Nevertheless, BPP delimited these two species with posterior probability of 1.0 in all replicates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015FE9494DFFF9EDFB21B2CD" blockId="70.[684,1214,986,1737]" pageId="70" pageNumber="70">The area around Mt. Gandang Dewata is an expansive region of montane habitat that is almost entirely unexplored by mammalogists.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C5286015EE9484D68FF60FB2AB523" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" startId="71.[603,683,226,250]" targetBox="[360,943,329,642]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="71">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484D68FF60FB2AB523" blockId="71.[108,1207,226,295]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B562015EE9484D68FF60FD51B4FE" box="[603,716,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" reason="4">TABLE 11</heading>
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484F5FFE93FB2AB523" bold="true" box="[108,1207,273,295]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Results of Principal Components Analysis of External Measurements of the Thick-Tailed Group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484B60FE93FB2AB523" box="[1107,1207,273,295]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484B60FE93FB2AB523" bold="true" box="[1107,1207,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484DBEFECBFC0DB686" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<table id="F923F0AE015E16F04E5BFECBFC32B686" box="[360,943,329,642]" colsContinueFrom="70.[283,1006,329,900]" colsContinueIn="76.[281,1004,358,930]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFECBFC32B558" box="[360,943,329,348]" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFECBFC9EB558" box="[653,771,329,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Component 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFECBFC32B558" box="[825,943,329,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Component 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFEEFFC32B584" box="[360,943,365,384]" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFEEFFDB2B584" box="[360,559,365,384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Variablesa</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFE10FC32B5A1" box="[360,943,402,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFE10FDB2B5A1" box="[360,559,402,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Total</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFE10FC9EB5A1" box="[653,771,402,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.8975</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFE10FC32B5A1" box="[825,943,402,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.4228</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFE35FC32B5CE" box="[360,943,439,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFE35FDB2B5CE" box="[360,559,439,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Tail</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFE35FC9EB5CE" box="[653,771,439,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.4113</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFE35FC32B5CE" box="[825,943,439,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">-0.9001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFE5EFC32B5EB" box="[360,943,476,495]" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFE5EFDB2B5EB" box="[360,559,476,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Hind foot</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFE5EFC9EB5EB" box="[653,771,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.0584</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFE5EFC32B5EB" box="[825,943,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">-0.0341</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFD83FC32B610" box="[360,943,513,532]" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFD83FDB2B610" box="[360,559,513,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Ear</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFD83FC9EB610" box="[653,771,513,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.1018</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFD83FC32B610" box="[825,943,513,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">-0.0962</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFDA4FC32B63D" box="[360,943,550,569]" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFDA4FDB2B63D" box="[360,559,550,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Mass</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFDA4FC9EB63D" box="[653,771,550,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.1072</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFDA4FC32B63D" box="[825,943,550,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.0238</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFDC8FC32B65A" box="[360,943,586,606]" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFDC8FDB2B65A" box="[360,559,586,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Proportion of variance</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFDC8FC9EB65A" box="[653,771,586,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.6588</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFDC8FC32B65A" box="[825,943,586,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.1931</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C015E16F04E5BFDEDFC32B686" box="[360,943,623,642]" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<th id="76C26930015E16F04E5BFDEDFDB2B686" box="[360,559,623,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Cumulative proportion</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04DBEFDEDFC9EB686" box="[653,771,623,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.6588</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930015E16F04C0AFDEDFC32B686" box="[825,943,623,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">0.8519</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484F5FFD18FDB2B6AA" blockId="71.[108,559,666,686]" box="[108,559,666,686]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<tableNote id="76C50380015EE9484F5FFD18FDB2B6AA" box="[108,559,666,686]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[360,943,329,642]" targetPageId="71">
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF46015EE9484F5FFD18FFEFB6A2" attach="left" box="[108,114,666,678]" fontSize="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">a</superScript>
|
||
Table entries for variables are component loadings.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE5015EE9484F5FFD51FE5EB1A6" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484F5FFD51FDAAB76B" blockId="71.[107,637,723,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Although we describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484E52FD51FDD3B6EF" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[353,590,723,747]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484E52FD51FDD3B6EF" box="[353,590,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a montane endemic, it may have a somewhat larger geographic range in this area. The single specimen from Rindingallo (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015EE9484EF3FCB5FD96B74A" box="[448,523,822,847]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
from Mt. Gandang Dewata) hints at this possibility.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484FBFFCFBFE5EB1A6" blockId="71.[107,637,723,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
We inferred a sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484D75FCFBFE83B7B6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484D75FCFBFE83B7B6" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Crocidura caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015EE9484E63FC18FE40B7B6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[336,477,922,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484E63FC18FE40B7B6" box="[336,477,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our analyses of UCEs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015EE9484FE2FC39FE8DB7D6" box="[209,272,955,979]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015EE9484E29FC39FEBAB7D7" box="[282,295,955,979]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and nuclear exons (supplementary data S6), but not in our analyses of mitochondrial DNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015EE9484FC2FC7FFEA8B011" box="[241,309,1021,1045]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[109,149,1509,1530]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@16.[133,929,224,1532]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789143/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015EE9484E70FC7FFECFB011" box="[323,338,1021,1045]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[108,150,1596,1617]" captionTargetBox="[111,1203,227,1567]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@18.[111,872,237,1559]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. Maximum likelihood estimate of the mitochondrial gene tree derived from an analysis of 14,007 characters (representing protein-coding and rRNA genes) from 83 samples. Bootstrap support values <95 are shown at nodes. Tips are labeled with the species, locality, and voucher number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788845/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). These two phenotypically similar species each appear to be montane endemics restricted to neighboring areas of high elevation, and thus we suspect that our UCE inferences reflect the correct relationship. Jukes-Cantor cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015EE9484F5DFB20FFE6B0BE" box="[110,123,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">b</emphasis>
|
||
distances between these two species averaged 0.12, close to the mode of interspecific divergences among
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015EE9484F8DFB66FE85B0F8" box="[190,280,1252,1276]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
shrews and more than twice the median of intraspecific differences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015EE9484ED9FA87FDBFB119" box="[490,546,1285,1309]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[686,728,775,796]" captionTargetBox="[686,1177,245,672]" captionTargetId="graphics-584@19.[793,1190,245,670]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 6. Distribution of Jukes-Cantor distances from a character matrix with 812 samples, 312 nucleotides of cytochrome b, and no missing data. Character sampling, and to a lesser extent taxon sampling, was reduced to eliminate missing data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788851/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
; supplementary data S4). Their morphological differences and presumed isolation by lowland habitats between Mts. Gandang Dewata and Latimojong further support their distinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015EE9484FBFFA29FE16B201" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015EE9484FBFFA29FE16B201" blockId="71.[107,637,723,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB015EE9484FBFFA29FE1EB1C7" box="[140,387,1451,1475]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853015EE9484EA0FA29FE6CB1E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079378" collectionCode="MZB" location="Mt Gandang Dewata" municipality="Mt Gandang Dewata" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="MZB 34792-34798, 34801-34805" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF89874015EE9484EA0FA29FDE1B1C6" box="[403,636,1451,1475]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Mt Gandang Dewata</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015EE9484F40FA4EFEDAB1E0" box="[115,327,1484,1508]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">MZB 34792–34798</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015EE9484E62FA4EFE7BB1E0" box="[337,486,1484,1508]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">34801–34805</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853015EE9484EC4FA4EFE16B201" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079408" collectionCode="MSB" location="Tana Toraja" municipality="Rindingallo" pageId="71" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="MSB 93104" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF89874015EE9484EC4FA4EFDE5B1E0" box="[503,632,1484,1508]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Rindingallo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5015EE9484F5FFA6FFF71B201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015CE9484F9DFB3DFE16B201:8EFC54D5015EE9484F5FFA6FFF71B201" box="[108,236,1517,1541]" municipality="Rindingallo" name="Tana Toraja" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">Tana Toraja</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015EE9484FC8FA6FFEE2B201" box="[251,383,1517,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="71">MSB 93104</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |