464 lines
62 KiB
XML
464 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="5E87960529FCA43CD180A5794BD07D2F" ID-CLB-Dataset="2886" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a7cdaa4-c2f2-4370-9301-c2ab339b2e0d" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788835" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639747398861" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Esselstyn, Jacob A., Achmadi, Anang S., Handika, Heru, Swanson, Mark T., Giarla, Thomas C. & Rowe, Kevin C." docDate="2021" docId="038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.454.1-108.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (454)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crocidura parva Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe 2021, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="8C7D230C-7F04-4FE0-9896-5921A8574315" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFB3CB600119E90F4F33FF82FF9DB404" masterDocTitle="Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1699472789874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5AF3A2E45846B4D52002FC5E8BB4F441">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFB0A2CD06ADEB1BF3151A599AA266D4">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5ED39B1BD7FB1E442523B46E8E5FE9DE">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F8C7F2C9C921E516B47A85DB2C88CCD">Handika, Heru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D7F60365EE2BAD15687C2DC12249B62">Swanson, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6348E29A36BC68CE3470F096EB977842">Giarla, Thomas C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ADFE68422DA025B3E8BC74234A91847A">Rowe, Kevin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8A01172216D26135B1110089CFEEE9B3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="89B16FF9B415173C3FF2A1023F44940F">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FABCEB5B064762665D01A63AAB03DF45">
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<mods:date id="6ADC1E1B775F61DB976973BA81A669D9">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="C08EEFBB1B848F8EBA2077FEB7DF96DE">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795538" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795538" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C7D230C-7F04-4FE0-9896-5921A8574315" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4FFCFB98FD84B036" box="[207,537,1050,1074]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4FFCFB98FD84B036" blockId="66.[207,537,1050,1074]" box="[207,537,1050,1074]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0D4B562015BE94D4FFCFB98FD84B036" box="[207,537,1050,1074]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4FFCFB98FE0CB036" bold="true" box="[207,401,1050,1074]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015BE94D4FFCFB98FE17B035" authority="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe, 2021" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[207,394,1050,1074]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4FFCFB98FE17B035" bold="true" box="[207,394,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2646367015BE94D4EABFB99FD84B036" box="[408,537,1050,1074]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4FC1FBCEFE5BB0A2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4FC1FBCEFE5BB0A2" blockId="66.[171,573,1100,1190]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0D4B562015BE94D4FC1FBCEFE5BB0A2" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" reason="4">
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LSID:
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<uri id="FFB20E0C015BE94D4E0BFBCEFE5BB0A2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
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<uuid id="FF8538DB015BE94D4FCBFBEFFE5BB0A2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">8C7D230C-7F04-4FE0-9896- 5921A8574315</uuid>
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</uri>
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<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4FBFFB42FEB2B2C3" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853015BE94D4FBFFB42FEB2B2C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079389" accessionNumber="MZB 43008" collectingDate="2016-10-18" collectionCode="MZB, MVZ" collectorName="H. Handika. The" country="Indonesia" county="Sinjai" elevation="1734" latitude="-5.286815" location="Gunung Perak Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.9614" municipality="Sinjai Barat" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="MZB 43008, MVZ 237577" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4FBFFB42FDC7B247" blockId="66.[108,637,1215,1735]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC015BE94D4FBFFB42FE9FB0DC" box="[140,258,1216,1240]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015BE94D4E23FB42FE0CB0DC" box="[272,401,1216,1240]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">MZB 43008</specimenCode>
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(=
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015BE94D4E8AFB42FDD2B0D3" box="[441,591,1215,1239]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">MVZ 237577</specimenCode>
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), an adult female collected on
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<date id="FF9D24CE015BE94D4EB6FB63FDA7B0FC" box="[389,570,1248,1273]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" value="2016-10-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFD9DD26015BE94D4EB6FB63FDA7B0FC" box="[389,570,1248,1273]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" value="2016-10-18">18 October 2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="26D667D8015BE94D4D51FB63FE99B11E" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">H. Handika. The</collectorName>
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specimen is preserved as a study skin, cleaned skull (
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||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4E78FAA1FE38B13F" box="[331,421,1315,1339]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="64.[104,146,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[105,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-65@64.[104,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIG. 31. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the three members of the Small- Bodied Group that are not from the northern peninsula: A, Crocidura levicula, FMNH 213362; B, C. mediocris, FMNH 210603; and C, C. parva, MVZ 237577." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788891/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 31C</figureCitation>
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) and skeleton, and frozen tissues. External measurements recorded in the field from the type are:
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4E86FAE7FD8DB178" box="[437,528,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="101.0">101 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4D1DFAE7FDE1B178" box="[558,636,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
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||
×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4FB0FA04FF5FB199" box="[131,194,1414,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4FEDFA04FE80B199" box="[222,285,1414,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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=
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4E0AFA04FEF3B19A" box="[313,366,1414,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.9" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="g" value="3.9">3.9 g</quantity>
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. Hind-foot length for the holotype was erroneously recorded as
|
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4D3FFA25FDD2B1BA" box="[524,591,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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; the true value is almost certainly
|
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4ED7FA4AFDA3B1E4" box="[484,574,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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||
. The voucher specimen and a tissue sample will be permanently curated at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB015BE94D4EB5F989FE5CB226" box="[390,449,1547,1570]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
, while an additional tissue sample will be retained at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB015BE94D4D24F9AEFDCBB247" box="[535,598,1580,1603]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4FBFF9CFFEB2B2C3" blockId="66.[108,637,1215,1735]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
|
||
TYPE LOCALITY:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334429E015BE94D4E74F9CEFE29B260" box="[327,436,1612,1636]" name="Indonesia" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015BE94D4EF1F9CEFDE5B260" box="[450,632,1612,1636]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Sulawesi Selatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FD7A82015BE94D4F5FF9EFFF31B281" box="[108,172,1645,1669]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Sinjai</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF89874015BE94D4F89F9EFFEA3B281" box="[186,318,1645,1669]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Sinjai Barat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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||
<location id="8EFC54D5015BE94D4E7FF9EFFDDAB281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A:8EFC54D5015BE94D4E7FF9EFFDDAB281" box="[332,583,1645,1669]" country="Indonesia" county="Sinjai" latitude="-5.286815" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.9614" municipality="Sinjai Barat" name="Gunung Perak Village" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Gunung Perak Village</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5015BE94D4D65F9ECFF62B2A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A:8EFC54D5015BE94D4D65F9ECFF62B2A2" country="Indonesia" county="Sinjai" latitude="-5.286815" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.9614" municipality="Sinjai Barat" name="Mt. Bawakaraeng" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Mt. Bawakaraeng</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C9015BE94D4E3AF90CFE15B2A3" box="[265,392,1678,1703]" degrees="5.286815" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-5.286815">5.286815° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C9015BE94D4EA0F90CFDB2B2A2" box="[403,559,1678,1702]" degrees="119.961406" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="119.9614">119.961406° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4D0AF90DFF23B2C3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7335" metricValueMax="1.754" metricValueMin="1.713" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1733.5" valueMax="1754.0" valueMin="1713.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000EE53D015BE94D4D0AF90DFF23B2C3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7335" metricValueMax="1.754" metricValueMin="1.713" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1733.5" valueMax="1754.0" valueMin="1713.0">1713– 1754 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4DFEFF60FC27B538" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4DFEFF60FC27B538" blockId="66.[684,1215,226,1738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4C5AFF60FC34B4FD" box="[873,937,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Parva</emphasis>
|
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is Latin (feminine) for “tiny,” used in recognition of the diminutive body size of this species.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4DFFFEC7FB3BB682" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4DFFFEC7FB3BB682" blockId="66.[684,1215,226,1738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This animal was extremely abundant on Mt. Bawakaraeng of the south-west area of endemism (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015BE94D4B23FE05FC93B5C4" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">South Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4C28FE2AFCFEB5C4" box="[795,867,424,448]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[110,152,1054,1075]" captionTargetId="graphics-333@53.[275,1045,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 25. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Small-Bodied Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). We did not encounter it anywhere else and it may be endemic to this region. All specimens were collected between 1700 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4D9DFD89FC9FB627" box="[686,770,523,547]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015BE94D4CB3FD89FC52B627" box="[896,975,523,547]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Habitat destruction has eliminated low- and middle-elevation forests in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015BE94D4DFFFDCFFCEBB661" box="[716,886,589,613]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which may have altered the natural elevational distribution of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94D4DFFFD12FCE4B28C" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94D4DFFFD12FCE4B28C" blockId="66.[684,1215,226,1738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015BE94D4C69FD0DFB89B6A3" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[858,1044,655,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4C69FD0DFB89B6A3" box="[858,1044,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is among the smallest shrews on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015BE94D4CB5FD32FC7EB6CC" box="[902,995,688,712]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and it has the narrowest average braincase breadth of any species on the island (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015BE94D4C64FD71FC2EB70F" box="[855,947,755,779]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015BE94D4CF0FD71FC4FB70F" box="[963,978,755,779]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="56.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1198,358,1166]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="TABLE 8 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Small-Bodied Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860121E9374D52FF60FC1DB540" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="DF5C52860121E9374D52FF60FC1DB540">8</tableCitation>
|
||
). For a shrew of its head-and-body length, it has a rather delicate build (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4DC1FCB7FCA4B749" box="[754,825,821,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015BE94D4C7FFCB7FC66B749" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[844,1019,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4C7FFCB7FC66B749" box="[844,1019,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a gray-brown to dark brown pelage, with a slightly grayer venter. The fur is not particularly dense, and individual hairs on the middorsum are only about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4B9CFC1AFD47B7D5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, despite all specimens coming from mid to high elevation. Overall, the color of the skin on the feet, ears, lips, and tail match that of the surrounding pelage. The mystacial vibrissae are short (most <
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015BE94D4C9BFBBFFC60B051" box="[936,1021,1085,1109]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and pigmented proximally for no more than half of their length. The tail length is short absolutely, and less than head-and-body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4C83FB22FC76B0BD" box="[944,1003,1184,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015BE94D4CC4FB22FBD9B0BD" box="[1015,1092,1184,1209]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Tail bristles are relatively abundant and are present along about two-thirds of the proximal tail length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4BAAFB61FD40B118" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[108,150,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[104,1610,589,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-10@59.[104,1610,589,1228]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 29. Images showing the ventral surface of the left hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the three members of the Small-Bodied Group that are not from the northern peninsula: A, Crocidura levicula, FMNH 213271; B, C. mediocris, FMNH 210566; and C, C. parva, MVZ 237583. Where two scale bars are present within a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788887/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 29C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The skull is short, but also quite narrow at the braincase, giving it an elongate and dorsoventrally compressed overall appearance. The lambdoidal ridge is indistinct. The width of the interorbital region is middling relative to skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4C32FA2BFCD5B1C5" box="[769,840,1449,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the maxillary process is not prominent. Rostral length forms a relatively small proportion of skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4B1CFA69FBE1B207" box="[1071,1148,1515,1539]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The molar row is crowded on the narrow palate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015BE94D4BAAF98EFD40B241" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="64.[104,146,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[105,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-65@64.[104,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIG. 31. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the three members of the Small- Bodied Group that are not from the northern peninsula: A, Crocidura levicula, FMNH 213362; B, C. mediocris, FMNH 210603; and C, C. parva, MVZ 237577." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788891/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the upper cheek teeth, the metacone is unusually prominent relative to the protocone, particularly on P4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015BE94C4DFFF913FF67B0BD" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015BE94C4DFFF913FF67B0BD" blockId="66.[684,1215,226,1738]" lastBlockId="67.[108,638,226,1738]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015BE94D4CB5F912FBD5B2AC" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[902,1096,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015BE94D4CB5F912FBD5B2AC" box="[902,1096,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller than all known
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC015BE94D4C89F930FB85B2CE" box="[954,1048,1714,1738]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="66" pageNumber="66">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
shrews except other members of the Small-Bodied Group. Externally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FD5FE81FEDFB51E" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[230,322,259,282]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FD5FE81FEDFB51E" box="[230,322,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather uniform in color, as are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FA5FEA6FE94B538" box="[150,265,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FA5FEA6FE94B538" box="[150,265,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. levicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4E2AFEA6FE1DB538" box="[281,384,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baletei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4E2AFEA6FE1DB538" box="[281,384,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. baletei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EF1FEA6FDD5B538" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[450,584,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EF1FEA6FDD5B538" box="[450,584,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. tenebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but other species have paler feet than bodies, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FA6FEE4FF4CB57A" box="[149,209,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FA6FEE4FF4CB57A" box="[149,209,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to a lesser extent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EF7FEE4FDDAB57A" box="[452,583,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EF7FEE4FDDAB57A" box="[452,583,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The overall color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4E27FE05FEEDB59B" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[276,368,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4E27FE05FEEDB59B" box="[276,368,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly darker than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D57FE05FF4EB5C4" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D57FE05FF4EB5C4" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and considerably darker than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D05FE2AFDEBB5C4" box="[566,630,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D05FE2AFDEBB5C4" box="[566,630,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tail has more bristles than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EDEFE4BFDE8B5E5" box="[493,629,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EDEFE4BFDE8B5E5" box="[493,629,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but fewer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4E27FE69FE18B606" box="[276,389,490,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4E27FE69FE18B606" box="[276,389,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. levicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4EA7FE68FE40B606" box="[404,477,490,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[108,150,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[104,1610,589,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-10@59.[104,1610,589,1228]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 29. Images showing the ventral surface of the left hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the three members of the Small-Bodied Group that are not from the northern peninsula: A, Crocidura levicula, FMNH 213271; B, C. mediocris, FMNH 210566; and C, C. parva, MVZ 237583. Where two scale bars are present within a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788887/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pelage is shorter than in other species, except that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D57FD8EFF4FB640" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D57FD8EFF4FB640" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar. The skull of the tiny
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D12FDAFFDE1B640" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[545,636,557,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D12FDAFFDE1B640" box="[545,636,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly smaller overall than seen in any of the other very small taxa (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B5015AE94C4E68FDECFE39B683" box="[347,420,622,647]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="56.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1198,358,1166]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="TABLE 8 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Small-Bodied Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860121E9374D52FF60FC1DB540" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="DF5C52860121E9374D52FF60FC1DB540">table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
) and relative rostral length (RL/CIL) is less than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EFEFD12FDC8B6A3" box="[461,597,655,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EFEFD12FDC8B6A3" box="[461,597,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D57FD12FF2FB6CC" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baletei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D57FD12FF2FB6CC" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. baletei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FC0FD33FEE4B6CC" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[243,377,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FC0FD33FEE4B6CC" box="[243,377,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. tenebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4EBAFD32FE4EB6CD" box="[393,467,688,713]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most distinctively, the braincases of the other species are more dorsoventrally inflated, particularly in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FF1FC96FE9EB728" box="[194,259,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FF1FC96FE9EB728" box="[194,259,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flat braincase of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D32FC96FDFCB72F" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[513,609,788,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D32FC96FDFCB72F" box="[513,609,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrower than in all other Small-Bodied species, but the range of values overlaps with those from
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4F5EFCF5FEA7B78B" box="[109,314,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4F5EFCF5FF2EB78B" box="[109,179,887,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">C. lea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FF1FCF5FEA7B78B" box="[194,314,887,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levicula">C. levicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EB2FCF5FD93B78B" box="[385,526,887,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EB2FCF5FD93B78B" box="[385,526,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4D11FCF5FDEDB78B" box="[546,624,887,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="54.[108,150,816,837]" captionTargetBox="[109,1204,234,787]" captionTargetId="graphics-423@54.[179,547,225,728]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIG. 26. Bivariate plots showing A, variation in the condyloincisive length and braincase breadth and B, the first two axes from a principal components analysis of 12 cranial measurements among all members of the Small-Bodied Group. Loadings and variance explained are given in table 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788881/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bivariate plots of cranial length versus width and the first two axes from a PCA of 12 cranial dimensions show
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4E03FC59FE10B7F6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[304,397,987,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4E03FC59FE10B7F6" box="[304,397,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occupy largely distinct morphometric space, but to overlap some with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4F90FB9FFF7DB030" box="[163,224,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4F90FB9FFF7DB030" box="[163,224,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FDFFB9FFEC6B030" box="[236,347,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FDFFB9FFEC6B030" box="[236,347,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. levicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EA4FB9FFD81B030" box="[407,540,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EA4FB9FFD81B030" box="[407,540,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4D1AFB9EFDEDB030" box="[553,624,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="54.[108,150,816,837]" captionTargetBox="[109,1204,234,787]" captionTargetId="graphics-423@54.[179,547,225,728]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIG. 26. Bivariate plots showing A, variation in the condyloincisive length and braincase breadth and B, the first two axes from a principal components analysis of 12 cranial measurements among all members of the Small-Bodied Group. Loadings and variance explained are given in table 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788881/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4FDBFBBCFED7B051" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[232,330,1086,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4FDBFBBCFED7B051" box="[232,330,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the upper molariform teeth, the protocone is relatively low, compared with those of the other Small-Bodied shrews (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4F47FB22FF59B0BD" box="[116,196,1184,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="58.[104,146,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[104,1608,442,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-10@58.[104,1608,442,1398]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIG. 28. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from the three members of the Small-Bodied Group that are from the northern peninsula:A, Crocidura baletei, LSUMZ 36959; B, C. lea, LSUMZ 38262; and C, C. tenebrosa, LSUMZ 39272." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788885/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">figs. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4FE3FB23FF70B0BD" box="[208,237,1185,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="64.[104,146,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[105,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-65@64.[104,1612,439,1407]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIG. 31. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of the three members of the Small- Bodied Group that are not from the northern peninsula: A, Crocidura levicula, FMNH 213362; B, C. mediocris, FMNH 210603; and C, C. parva, MVZ 237577." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788891/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">31</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015AE94C4FBFFB40FBF9B683" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015AE94C4FBFFB40FBF6B559" blockId="67.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="67.[684,1213,226,878]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">
|
||
COMMENTS: We found this species only on Mt. Bawakaraeng, but our nearest sample sites are on Mt. Latimojong (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4EB3FA86FE56B118" box="[384,459,1284,1308]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[110,152,1054,1075]" captionTargetId="graphics-333@53.[275,1045,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 25. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Small-Bodied Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), some
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB015AE94C4D15FA86FDE1B118" box="[550,636,1284,1308]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="215.0">215 km</quantity>
|
||
away. Much of the intervening habitat between Mts. Bawakaraeng and Latimojong is low elevation and dry, with the lowest area (the Tempe Depression) considered a barrier to many vertebrate taxa. Nevertheless, sampling additional sites in the south-west area of endemism may extend the known range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4EAFFA69FDD6B207" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[412,587,1515,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4EAFFA69FDD6B207" box="[412,587,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We interpret this probable isolation as additional support for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4E9FF9ACFD8CB241" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[428,529,1582,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4E9FF9ACFD8CB241" box="[428,529,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4D57F9ACFF4EB262" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4D57F9ACFF4EB262" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is phenotypically similar. These two species are sister taxa in our mitogenome phylogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4FDFF912FEBAB2AC" box="[236,295,1680,1704]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[108,150,1596,1617]" captionTargetBox="[111,1203,227,1567]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@18.[111,872,237,1559]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. Maximum likelihood estimate of the mitochondrial gene tree derived from an analysis of 14,007 characters (representing protein-coding and rRNA genes) from 83 samples. Bootstrap support values <95 are shown at nodes. Tips are labeled with the species, locality, and voucher number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788845/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), but each is paraphyletic with respect to the other in our UCE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4ED7F930FDB4B2CD" box="[484,553,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B015AE94C4D05F930FDD9B2CE" box="[566,580,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and nuclear exon phylogenies (supplementary data S6). Because of the slow evolutionary rate of UCEs and exons, we do not consider this to be strong evidence against their distinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015AE94C4DFFFEE4FBF9B683" blockId="67.[684,1213,226,878]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">
|
||
We tested species limits in BPP between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4BBEFEE4FCA0B59B" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4BBEFEE4FCA0B59B" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4C4DFE05FB96B59B" box="[894,1035,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4C4DFE05FB96B59B" box="[894,1035,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4B97FE05FD77B5C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4B97FE05FD77B5C4" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4DC4FE2AFCE1B5C4" box="[759,892,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4DC4FE2AFCE1B5C4" box="[759,892,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4C8BFE2AFBA8B5C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[952,1077,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4C8BFE2AFBA8B5C4" box="[952,1077,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The former analysis employed 20 individuals of each species and the matrix is 95% complete. The second analysis used the same dataset, but with the addition of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C987015AE94C4DCFFDAEFC12B640" box="[764,911,556,580]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D015AE94C4C87FDAFFBADB640" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[948,1072,556,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C015AE94C4C87FDAFFBADB640" box="[948,1072,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This matrix is 94% complete. All analyses supported each species with a posterior probability of 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185015AE94C4DFFFD12FCE8B76A" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E015AE94C4DFFFD12FCE8B76A" blockId="67.[684,1213,226,878]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853015AE94C4DFFFD12FBBBB6EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079369" accessionNumber="MZB 43008, Z57156, Z56280, Z56302, Z56314, Z56319, Z56995, Z57008, Z57012, Z57045, Z57046, Z57047, Z57057, Z57064, Z57103, Z57129, Z57208" collectionCode="SPECIMENS, EXAMINED, MZB, NMV" location="Mt. Bawakaraeng" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="MVZ 237575, 237576, 237578-237581, 237583, 237584, 237600-237609" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5015AE94C4CDFFD12FB26B6A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB318015BE94C4FFCFB98FCE8B76A:8EFC54D5015AE94C4CDFFD12FB26B6A3" box="[1004,1211,655,679]" name="Mt. Bawakaraeng" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Mt. Bawakaraeng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D87FD33FCFAB6CC" box="[692,871,688,713]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">MVZ 237575</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CB0FD32FC41B6CC" box="[899,988,688,712]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">237576</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CCBFD32FB2AB6CC" box="[1016,1207,688,712]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">237578–237581</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D9FFD53FC9DB6ED" box="[684,768,721,745]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">237583</specimenCode>
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,
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,
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;
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4B1CFD50FB25B6EE" box="[1071,1208,722,746]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">MZB 43008</specimenCode>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853015AE94C4D9FFD71FCEFB76A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079354" accessionNumber="MZB 43008, Z57156, Z56280, Z56302, Z56314, Z56319, Z56995, Z57008, Z57012, Z57045, Z57046, Z57047, Z57057, Z57064, Z57103, Z57129, Z57208" collectionCode="SPECIMENS, EXAMINED, MZB, NMV" location="Mt. Bawakaraeng" pageId="67" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="NMV Z57156, Z56280, Z56302, Z56314, Z56319, Z56995, Z57008, Z57012, Z57045, Z57046, Z57047, Z57057, Z57064, Z57103, Z57129, Z57208" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D9FFD71FCC0B70F" box="[684,861,755,779]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">NMV Z57156</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4C45FD71FC4DB70F" box="[886,976,755,779]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z56280</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CDAFD71FBD9B70F" box="[1001,1092,755,779]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z56302</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4B6EFD71FB2BB70F" box="[1117,1206,755,779]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z56314</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D9FFC96FC98B728" box="[684,773,788,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z56319</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4C2AFC96FCEFB728" box="[793,882,788,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z56995</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CB6FC96FC42B728" box="[901,991,788,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57008</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CC1FC96FBD6B728" box="[1010,1099,788,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57012</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4B6DFC96FB2AB728" box="[1118,1207,788,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57045</specimenCode>
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,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D9FFCB7FC98B749" box="[684,773,821,845]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57046</specimenCode>
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,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4C2AFCB7FCEFB749" box="[793,882,821,845]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57047</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CB6FCB7FC42B749" box="[901,991,821,845]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57057</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4CC1FCB7FBD6B749" box="[1010,1099,821,845]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57064</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4B6DFCB7FB2AB749" box="[1118,1207,821,845]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57103</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4D9FFCD4FC9EB76A" box="[684,771,854,878]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57129</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75015AE94C4C23FCD4FCF4B76A" box="[784,873,854,878]" pageId="67" pageNumber="67">Z57208</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |