676 lines
84 KiB
XML
676 lines
84 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3913267F242323350D22658DBA7C91B9">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0B9BE7A57B7E8874CB1D971F63FD3E4">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE2DD6ACF7DCCB1A2CA5928220182257">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="44BFDBB6599F5FC809B42365A55D2298">Handika, Heru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AEF486F4A80A734F5D1584F95E9B5E38">Swanson, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9005BED44677933E442A625B85093062">Giarla, Thomas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E62AC34C3DD53DB811DE9D648FB405F">Rowe, Kevin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="473684B6DF27D3137485A2E489540925">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4BDBC5711FD9AF09E90F014E96F317A">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795548" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0157E9414DCDFA68FC46B206" authority="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe, 2021" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[766,987,1514,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0157E9414DCDFA68FC46B206" bold="true" box="[766,987,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Crocidura normalis</emphasis>
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,
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LSID:
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urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
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:
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43010 (=
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213437
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), an adult male, collected by
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on 27 March 2011. The specimen was prepared as a study skin, cleaned skull (
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fig. 41
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) and skeleton, and frozen tissues. External measurements from the
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are:
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×
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0156E9404D36F9CCFDCFB261" box="[517,594,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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×
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=
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. The voucher specimen and a tissue sample will be permanently curated at
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, with an additional tissue sample retained at
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<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0156E9404D3DF930FDFDB2CD" box="[526,608,1714,1737]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0156E9404DFFFA69FCEAB207" box="[716,887,1515,1539]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0156E9404DFFFA69FC9EB206" box="[716,771,1515,1538]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY
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</collectionCode>
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:
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<location id="8EFC54D50156E9404CA6F98EFB25B220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D50156E9404CA6F98EFB25B220" box="[917,1208,1548,1572]" country="Indonesia" county="Poso" municipality="Huasa" name="Lore Lindu National Park" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Sulawesi Tengah">Lore Lindu National Park</location>
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,
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;
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,
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,
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.
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|
||
FIG. 37. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of two darkly pigmented members of the Ordinary Group:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0156E9404C21FA05FCB7B19B" bold="true" box="[786,810,1415,1439]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0156E9404C03FA05FBA1B19B" authority=", FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[816,1084,1415,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0156E9404C03FA05FC7BB19B" box="[816,998,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Crocidura musseri</emphasis>
|
||
, FMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
213255; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0156E9404F5FFA27FF1FB1B9" bold="true" box="[108,130,1445,1469]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0156E9404FBAFA27FED7B1B8" authority=", FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[137,330,1445,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0156E9404FBAFA27FF6EB1B9" box="[137,243,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
, FMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
210611.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850156E9404DFFF9CCFBC0B2CD" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0156E9404DFFF9CCFBC0B2CD" blockId="79.[684,1212,1515,1737]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0156E9404C57F9CCFC5AB262" box="[868,967,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Normalis</emphasis>
|
||
is Latin for “normal,” used in recognition that this is yet another species of shrew with no striking phenotypic traits worthy of attaching a descriptive name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860149E95F4F5FFCDEFDC1B7EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788903/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" startId="80.[108,149,860,881]" targetBox="[115,1207,224,833]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0149E95F4F5FFCDEFDC1B7EC" blockId="80.[108,1212,858,1000]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
FIG. 38. Bivariate plot of the first two principal components from an analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4CBFFCD8FC39B776" bold="true" box="[908,932,858,882]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">A,</emphasis>
|
||
five external measurements and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4FAAFCFAFF32B794" bold="true" box="[153,175,888,912]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">B,</emphasis>
|
||
12 cranial variables from across the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4C08FCFAFC6EB78B" box="[827,1011,888,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4C08FCFAFC6EB78B" box="[827,1011,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Sulawesi. Specimens coded as
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4E3AFC17FE10B7A9" box="[265,397,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
C. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4E73FC14FE10B7A9" box="[320,397,918,941]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">nigripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are those from the northern peninsula and specimens from all other areas were designated as
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4FCAFC31FEF4B7CE" box="[249,361,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">C. n. lipara</emphasis>
|
||
, per the designations of Miller and Hollister (1921) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0149E95F4C90FC30FBB7B7CE" author="Ruedi, M." box="[931,1066,946,970]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Loadings and variance explained are given in tables 15 and 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850149E95F4FBFFB9EFE4FB15A" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0149E95F4FBFFB9EFE4FB15A" blockId="80.[108,638,1052,1738]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: We recorded this species at relatively high-elevation sites in Sulawesi’s west-central (Mt. Gandang Dewata,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0149E95F4F5FFB02FEE1B093" box="[108,380,1151,1175]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Barat" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">West Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Mts. Latimojong and Rorekatimbo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0149E95F4E38FB22FDAEB0BC" box="[267,563,1184,1208]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), eastcentral (Mt. Katopasa,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0149E95F4E45FB40FF01B0FF" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and south-east areas of endemism (Mt. Mekongga,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0149E95F4FD9FA86FD82B118" box="[234,543,1284,1308]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tenggara" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Southeast Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4D19FA86FDE5B118" box="[554,632,1284,1308]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[104,146,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[104,1603,469,1356]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@31.[188,1530,466,1251]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 13. Elevational records of all species of Crocidura known from Sulawesi. Each point represents a specimen. For specimens associated with a minimum and maximum elevation, we used the center of the given elevational range. Sample sizes are given above the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788859/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4F5FFAA7FF17B139" box="[108,138,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="83.[108,150,1052,1073]" captionTargetId="graphics-267@83.[275,1045,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIG. 39. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Ordinary Group. To maintain clarity of presentation, the widespread Crocidura nigripes is not included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">39</figureCitation>
|
||
). We found this species at sites ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0149E95F4F5DFAC4FE84B159" box="[110,281,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2600.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400 to 2600 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4E1BFAC4FEF2B15A" box="[296,367,1350,1374]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[104,146,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[104,1603,469,1356]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@31.[188,1530,466,1251]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 13. Elevational records of all species of Crocidura known from Sulawesi. Each point represents a specimen. For specimens associated with a minimum and maximum elevation, we used the center of the given elevational range. Sample sizes are given above the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788859/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50149E95F4E49FAC4FE58B15A" box="[378,453,1350,1374]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850149E95F4FBFFAE5FC49B207" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0149E95F4FBFFAE5FC49B207" blockId="80.[108,638,1052,1738]" lastBlockId="80.[684,1213,1052,1738]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4E21FAE5FE7FB17B" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[274,482,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4E21FAE5FE7FB17B" box="[274,482,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crocidura normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a mediumsized shrew (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50149E95F4FCAFA0AFECDB1A4" box="[249,336,1416,1440]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50149E95F4E6FFA0AFEE4B1A4" box="[348,377,1416,1440]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="77.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1190,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="TABLE 14 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Ordinary Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540">14</tableCitation>
|
||
), with a light build (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4D6AFA0AFF15B1C5" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and dark brown pelage, feet, lips, pinna, and tail. Dorsoventrally, the color is relatively uniform. The mystacial vibrissae are short relative to body length and darkly pigmented proximally for about half of their length. The tail can be as long as head-and-body length but is usually shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4FFEF9EDFE91B28C" box="[205,268,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is relatively densely covered with bristles, many of which are darkly pigmented from the base of the tail along approxi- mately two-thirds of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4B2FFB9EFBE0B030" box="[1052,1149,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="84.[104,146,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[104,1612,588,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-10@84.[104,1612,588,1258]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIG. 40. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from three members of the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura normalis, FMNH 213174 (left hind foot); B, C. ordinaria, FMNH 218726 (right hind foot); and C, C. solita, FMNH 213015 (left hind foot). Upper scale bar for foot, lower bar corresponds to both tail images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788905/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 40A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The small, applied hairs that typically cover the tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4D9FFBDCFC85B072" box="[684,792,1118,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4D9FFBDCFC85B072" box="[684,792,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less distinctly noticeable than in many other species. The feet are brown to black, usually uniformly so, including the digits and the thenar and hypothenar are subequal in area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4BAAFB40FD42B0FF" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="84.[104,146,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[104,1612,588,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-10@84.[104,1612,588,1258]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIG. 40. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from three members of the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura normalis, FMNH 213174 (left hind foot); B, C. ordinaria, FMNH 218726 (right hind foot); and C, C. solita, FMNH 213015 (left hind foot). Upper scale bar for foot, lower bar corresponds to both tail images." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788905/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 40A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The claws are translucent. The skull is relatively gracile, being narrow across its entire length for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4C04FAA7FC3FB139" box="[823,930,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4C04FAA7FC3FB139" box="[823,930,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of this size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4B01FAA7FBE6B139" box="[1074,1147,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50149E95F4BBBFAA7FD57B15A" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="77.[603,683,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1190,358,1139]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="TABLE 14 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Ordinary Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="DF5C52860154E9424D68FF60FCC5B540">table 14</tableCitation>
|
||
). Rostral length makes up a comparatively small proportion of skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4B1CFAE5FBE1B17B" box="[1071,1148,1383,1407]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The maxillary process is not prominent, the palate is narrow, and the occlusal surface area of the dentition is small relative to skull size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0149E95F4B14FA48FB1FB1E6" box="[1063,1154,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="85.[104,146,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[130,1585,465,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-10@85.[130,1585,465,1409]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIG. 41. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of three species belonging to the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura normalis, FMNH 213457; B, C. ordinaria, FMNH 218726; and C, C. solita, FMNH 213044." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788907/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">fig. 41A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The maxillary bridge is narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850149E95E4DFFF98EFE00B283" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0149E95F4DFFF98EFB21B2CE" blockId="80.[684,1213,1052,1738]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4C44F98EFBD4B220" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[887,1097,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4C44F98EFBD4B220" box="[887,1097,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crocidura normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than all members of the Long-Tailed, Thick- Tailed, and Rhoditis groups, and larger than all members of the Small-Bodied Group. As the smallest member of the Ordinary Group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4B42F913FD78B2CE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4B42F913FD78B2CE" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0149E95F4B34F930FB17B2CE" box="[1031,1162,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0149E95F4B34F930FB17B2CE" box="[1031,1162,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C52860148E95E4D6BFF60FBE8B522" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" startId="81.[600,680,226,250]" targetBox="[322,976,329,900]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0148E95E4D6BFF60FBE8B522" blockId="81.[179,1141,225,295]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE50148E95E4D6BFF60FD52B4FD" box="[600,719,225,250]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" type="multiple">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B5620148E95E4D6BFF60FD52B4FD" box="[600,719,225,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" reason="4">TABLE 15.</heading>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B5620148E95E4F80FE93FBE8B522" box="[179,1141,273,295]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4F80FE93FBE8B522" bold="true" box="[179,1141,273,295]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Results of Principal Components Analysis of Craniodental Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4C8EFE93FBE8B522" box="[957,1141,273,295]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4C8EFE93FBE8B522" bold="true" box="[957,1141,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0148E95E4D9BFECBFC2CB780" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<table id="F923F0AE014816F04E71FECBFC4DB780" box="[322,976,329,900]" colsContinueFrom="76.[281,1004,358,930]" colsContinueIn="82.[362,936,329,642]" gridcols="3" gridrows="16" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FECBFC4DB558" box="[322,976,329,348]" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04D9BFECBFC83B558" box="[680,798,329,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Component 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04C6AFECBFC4DB558" box="[857,976,329,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Component 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FEEFFC4DB584" box="[322,976,365,384]" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FEEFFDB5B584" box="[322,552,365,384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Variablesa</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FE10FC4DB5A1" box="[322,976,402,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FE10FDB5B5A1" box="[322,552,402,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Condyloincisive length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFE10FC83B5A1" box="[680,798,402,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.7122</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFE10FC4DB5A1" box="[857,976,402,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2664</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FE35FC4DB5CE" box="[322,976,439,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FE35FDB5B5CE" box="[322,552,439,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Braincase breadth</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFE35FC83B5CE" box="[680,798,439,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2566</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFE35FC4DB5CE" box="[857,976,439,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.4890</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FE5EFC4DB5EB" box="[322,976,476,495]" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FE5EFDB5B5EB" box="[322,552,476,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFE5EFC83B5EB" box="[680,798,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.1374</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFE5EFC4DB5EB" box="[857,976,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.2795</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FD83FC4DB610" box="[322,976,513,532]" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FD83FDB5B610" box="[322,552,513,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Rostral length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFD83FC83B610" box="[680,798,513,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2880</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFD83FC4DB610" box="[857,976,513,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2761</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FDA4FC4DB63D" box="[322,976,550,569]" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FDA4FDB5B63D" box="[322,552,550,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Postpalatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFDA4FC83B63D" box="[680,798,550,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.0902</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFDA4FC4DB63D" box="[857,976,550,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.1729</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FDC8FC4DB65A" box="[322,976,586,606]" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FDC8FDB5B65A" box="[322,552,586,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Rostral width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFDC8FC83B65A" box="[680,798,586,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.0631</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFDC8FC4DB65A" box="[857,976,586,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.1442</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FDEDFC4DB686" box="[322,976,623,642]" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FDEDFDB5B686" box="[322,552,623,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Postpalatal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFDEDFC83B686" box="[680,798,623,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.3172</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFDEDFC4DB686" box="[857,976,623,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.2060</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FD16FC4DB6AC" box="[322,976,660,680]" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FD16FDB5B6AC" box="[322,552,660,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Condyle to glenoid fossa</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFD16FC83B6AC" box="[680,798,660,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2488</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFD16FC4DB6AC" box="[857,976,660,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.1090</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FD3BFC4DB6C8" box="[322,976,697,716]" gridrow="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FD3BFDB5B6C8" box="[322,552,697,716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Upper toothrow length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFD3BFC83B6C8" box="[680,798,697,716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.3039</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFD3BFC4DB6C8" box="[857,976,697,716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.2937</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FD5CFC4DB6F5" box="[322,976,734,753]" gridrow="11" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FD5CFDB5B6F5" box="[322,552,734,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">P4 to M3 length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFD5CFC83B6F5" box="[680,798,734,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.1800</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFD5CFC4DB6F5" box="[857,976,734,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.0828</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FC81FC4DB712" box="[322,976,771,790]" gridrow="12" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FC81FDB5B712" box="[322,552,771,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">M2 to M2 labial width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFC81FC83B712" box="[680,798,771,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.1518</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFC81FC4DB712" box="[857,976,771,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.5245</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FCA5FC4DB73F" box="[322,976,807,827]" gridrow="13" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FCA5FDB5B73F" box="[322,552,807,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Palatal width</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFCA5FC83B73F" box="[680,798,807,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.0511</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFCA5FC4DB73F" box="[857,976,807,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">-0.2497</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FCCEFC4DB75B" box="[322,976,844,863]" gridrow="14" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FCCEFDB5B75B" box="[322,552,844,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Proportion of variance</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFCCEFC83B75B" box="[680,798,844,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.7867</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFCCEFC4DB75B" box="[857,976,844,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.0681</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014816F04E71FCF3FC4DB780" box="[322,976,881,900]" gridrow="15" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014816F04E71FCF3FDB5B780" box="[322,552,881,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Cumulative proportion</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04D9BFCF3FC83B780" box="[680,798,881,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.7867</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014816F04C6AFCF3FC4DB780" box="[857,976,881,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">0.8548</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0148E95E4F5FFC1EFDB2B7B4" blockId="81.[108,559,924,944]" box="[108,559,924,944]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tableNote id="76C503800148E95E4F5FFC1EFDB2B7B4" box="[108,559,924,944]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" targetBox="[322,976,329,900]" targetPageId="81">
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF460148E95E4F5FFC1EFFEFB7AC" attach="left" box="[108,114,924,936]" fontSize="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">a</superScript>
|
||
Table entries for variables are component loadings.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE50148E95E4F5FFC58FE00B283" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" type="results">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0148E95E4F5FFC58FE00B283" blockId="81.[108,637,986,1737]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
largest member of the Small-Bodied Group). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E31FC79FE12B017" box="[258,399,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E31FC79FE12B017" box="[258,399,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a darker, denser pelage (individual hairs approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0148E95E4D5CFB9EFF04B050" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at middorsum) and longer tail both absolutely and relative to HBL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4E9AFBDCFE75B072" box="[425,488,1118,1142]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within the Ordinary Group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E02FBFDFE39B093" box="[305,420,1151,1175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E02FBFDFE39B093" box="[305,420,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. musseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider braincase relative to skull length, more robust body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4F47FB43FF21B0DD" box="[116,188,1217,1241]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), longer rostrum relative to skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4F47FB60FF20B0FE" box="[116,189,1250,1274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and paler feet than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E81FB61FDAFB0FE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[434,562,1250,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E81FB61FDAFB0FE" box="[434,562,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4D72FB61FE9DB11F" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4D72FB61FE9DB11F" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a short tail, like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4D02FA86FF3AB138" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4D02FA86FF3AB138" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is substantially larger, usually has darker feet, and the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E9AFAC4FD81B159" box="[425,540,1350,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E9AFAC4FE27B159" box="[425,442,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4EFAFAC4FD81B159" box="[457,540,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a more prominent dentition, longer rostrum, and narrower interorbital region relative to skull length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4F8CFA2AFE9BB1C5" box="[191,262,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E2AFA2AFE6DB1C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,496,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordinaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E2AFA2AFE6DB1C4" box="[281,496,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Crocidura ordinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4D16FA2BFDE0B1C4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[549,637,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4D16FA2BFDE0B1C4" box="[549,637,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. solita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4E5CFA48FE70B1E6" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[367,493,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4E5CFA48FE70B1E6" box="[367,493,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have longer tails, both absolutely and relative to HBL, have hypothenar pads larger than thenar pads, and have greater relative rostral lengths (RL/CIL), braincase breadths (BB/CIL), and interorbital widths (IOW/CIL) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4E7BF9EDFE0DB283" box="[328,400,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850148E95D4FBFF912FF72B016" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0148E95E4FBFF912FCCAB2CD" blockId="81.[108,637,986,1737]" lastBlockId="81.[684,1212,986,1737]" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">
|
||
COMMENTS: In addition to the coalescent species delimitation analyses described above in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4DC9FC58FC2EB7F5" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[762,947,986,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4DC9FC58FC2EB7F5" box="[762,947,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">Crocidura parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
account, we used BPP to test species limits between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4B35FC79FB15B017" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[1030,1160,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4B35FC79FB15B017" box="[1030,1160,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4D9FFB9EFCABB030" box="[684,822,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4D9FFB9EFCABB030" box="[684,822,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dataset consisted of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C9870148E95E4B64FB9EFD75B050" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4C22FBBFFC00B051" box="[785,925,1085,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediocris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4C22FBBFFC00B051" box="[785,925,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. mediocris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 36 individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4B97FBBFFC90B072" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4B97FBBFFC90B072" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sequence alignment is 93% complete. All replicates supported these species with 1.0 posterior probability. Unfortunately, we do not have nuclear exon data from the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C9870148E95E4BA0FB40FCBCB0FE" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4C7AFB61FC56B0FE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[841,971,1250,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4C7AFB61FC56B0FE" box="[841,971,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mt. Mekongga, which formed a clade independent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4B58FA86FD7AB138" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4B58FA86FD7AB138" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other localities in the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4D9FFAC7FD24B159" box="[684,697,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">b</emphasis>
|
||
and mitogenome gene trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4B2CFAC7FBF4B159" box="[1055,1129,1349,1373]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[109,149,1509,1530]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@16.[133,929,224,1532]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789143/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4B49FAC7FB17B159" box="[1146,1162,1349,1373]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[108,150,1596,1617]" captionTargetBox="[111,1203,227,1567]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@18.[111,872,237,1559]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. Maximum likelihood estimate of the mitochondrial gene tree derived from an analysis of 14,007 characters (representing protein-coding and rRNA genes) from 83 samples. Bootstrap support values <95 are shown at nodes. Tips are labeled with the species, locality, and voucher number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788845/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). In our UCE inferences, the Mekongga specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4DF8FA0AFCD0B19B" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[715,845,1415,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4DF8FA0AFCD0B19B" box="[715,845,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are represented and the species is monophyletic in both our species tree and concatenated estimates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4C8FFA48FB9DB1E5" box="[956,1024,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4B3FFA48FB86B1E6" box="[1036,1051,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). If specimens from additional localities from the south-east and west-central areas of endemism are collected, reexamining these populations would be worthwhile. In both UCE estimates,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4B5CF9CCFD7AB283" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4B5CF9CCFD7AB283" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of a clade comprising several Small-Bodied Group members and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0148E95E4B70F912FD4AB2CD" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="81" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudipilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0148E95E4B70F912FD4AB2CD" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">C. caudipilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4DD4F933FCB0B2CD" box="[743,813,1713,1737]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0148E95E4C09F933FCD4B2CD" box="[826,841,1713,1737]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="81">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C5286014BE95D4D69FF60FBC1B522" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" startId="82.[602,682,226,250]" targetBox="[362,936,329,642]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E014BE95D4D69FF60FBC1B522" blockId="82.[202,1116,226,295]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE5014BE95D4D69FF60FD56B4FE" box="[602,715,226,250]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B562014BE95D4D69FF60FD56B4FE" box="[602,715,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" reason="4">TABLE 16</heading>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<heading id="D0D4B562014BE95D4FF9FE93FBC1B522" box="[202,1116,273,295]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4FF9FE93FBC1B522" bold="true" box="[202,1116,273,295]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Results of Principal Components Analysis of External Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D014BE95D4C90FE93FBC1B522" box="[931,1116,273,295]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4C90FE93FBC1B522" bold="true" box="[931,1116,273,295]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Crocidura nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E014BE95D4DB1FECBFC14B686" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<table id="F923F0AE014B16F04E59FECBFC35B686" box="[362,936,329,642]" colsContinueFrom="81.[322,976,329,900]" colsContinueIn="88.[283,1007,329,900]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FECBFC35B558" box="[362,936,329,348]" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FECBFD65B558" box="[642,760,329,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Component 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04C02FECBFC35B558" box="[817,936,329,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Component 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FEEFFC35B584" box="[362,936,365,384]" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FEEFFDACB584" box="[362,561,365,384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Variablesa</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FE10FC35B5A1" box="[362,936,402,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FE10FDACB5A1" box="[362,561,402,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Total</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FE10FD65B5A1" box="[642,760,402,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.8466</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FE10FC35B5A1" box="[817,936,402,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.4999</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FE35FC35B5CE" box="[362,936,439,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FE35FDACB5CE" box="[362,561,439,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Tail</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FE35FD65B5CE" box="[642,760,439,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.5281</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FE35FC35B5CE" box="[817,936,439,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">-0.8149</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FE5EFC35B5EB" box="[362,936,476,495]" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FE5EFDACB5EB" box="[362,561,476,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Hind foot</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FE5EFD65B5EB" box="[642,760,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.0580</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FE5EFC35B5EB" box="[817,936,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">-0.0325</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FD83FC35B610" box="[362,936,513,532]" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FD83FDACB610" box="[362,561,513,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Ear</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FD83FD65B610" box="[642,760,513,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.0135</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FD83FC35B610" box="[817,936,513,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.1058</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FDA4FC35B63D" box="[362,936,550,569]" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FDA4FDACB63D" box="[362,561,550,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mass</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FDA4FD65B63D" box="[642,760,550,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.0277</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FDA4FC35B63D" box="[817,936,550,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.2717</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FDC8FC35B65A" box="[362,936,586,606]" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FDC8FDACB65A" box="[362,561,586,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Proportion of variance</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FDC8FD65B65A" box="[642,760,586,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.7943</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FDC8FC35B65A" box="[817,936,586,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.1463</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3513004C014B16F04E59FDEDFC35B686" box="[362,936,623,642]" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C26930014B16F04E59FDEDFDACB686" box="[362,561,623,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Cumulative proportion</th>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04DB1FDEDFD65B686" box="[642,760,623,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.7943</td>
|
||
<td id="76C26930014B16F04C02FDEDFC35B686" box="[817,936,623,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">0.9406</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E014BE95D4F58FD18FDB3B6AA" blockId="82.[107,558,666,686]" box="[107,558,666,686]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tableNote id="76C50380014BE95D4F58FD18FDB3B6AA" box="[107,558,666,686]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[362,936,329,642]" targetPageId="82">
|
||
<superScript id="7C56AF46014BE95D4F58FD18FFECB6A2" attach="left" box="[107,113,666,678]" fontSize="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">a</superScript>
|
||
Table entries for variables are component loadings.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC1BE5014BE95D4FBFFD70FF72B016" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" type="results">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E014BE95D4FBFFD70FF72B016" blockId="82.[107,638,754,1340]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF014BE95D4FBFFD70FE87B70E" author="Ruedi, M." box="[140,282,754,778]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C987014BE95D4E4CFD70FDB2B70E" box="[383,559,754,778]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(IZEA 4393, 4394, 4042) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D014BE95D4E5EFC91FD9AB72F" box="[365,519,787,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4E5EFC91FD9AB72F" box="[365,519,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Crocidura lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF014BE95D4F5FFCB6FEACB748" author="Ruedi, M. & M. Auberson & V. Savolainen" box="[108,305,820,844]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" pagination="567 - 571" refId="ref60802" refString="Ruedi, M., M. Auberson, and V. Savolainen. 1998. Biogeography of Sulawesian shrews: testing for their origin with a parametric bootstrap on molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 567 - 571." type="journal article" year="1998">Ruedi et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
sequenced a fragment of cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4FFDFCD7FF46B769" box="[206,219,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">b</emphasis>
|
||
in one of these individuals (IZEA 4394). That sequence is identical to our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D014BE95D4D1DFCF5FF3BB7AB" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4D1DFCF5FF3BB7AB" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4E72FC15FED3B7AB" box="[321,334,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences from Mt. Rorekatimbo. Although we have not examined these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C987014BE95D4F5FFC58FEBDB7F6" box="[108,288,986,1010]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, we presume they all represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D014BE95D4F5FFC79FF74B017" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[108,233,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C014BE95D4F5FFC79FF74B017" box="[108,233,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">C. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3395185014BE95D4FBFFB9EFD8FB138" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E014BE95D4FBFFB9EFD8FB138" blockId="82.[107,638,754,1340]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB014BE95D4FBFFB9EFE1CB030" box="[140,385,1052,1076]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4EA3FB9EFD80B051" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079398" collectionCode="MZB" location="Mt. Gandang Dewata" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MZB 34809, 34810, 34812, 34821" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5014BE95D4EA3FB9EFDE1B037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D5014BE95D4EA3FB9EFDE1B037" box="[400,636,1052,1076]" name="Mt. Gandang Dewata" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mt. Gandang Dewata</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4F45FBBFFE95B051" box="[118,264,1085,1109]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">MZB 34809</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E2EFBBFFEFEB051" box="[285,355,1085,1109]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">34810</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E4BFBBFFE23B051" box="[376,446,1085,1109]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">34812</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4EE0FBBFFD84B051" box="[467,537,1085,1109]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">34821</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4D1EFBBFFF57B093" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079399" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="FMNH 218604-218613, 218652-218658, 218973- 218975" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4D1EFBBFFEBBB072" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">FMNH 218604–218613</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E70FBDCFE61B072" box="[323,508,1118,1142]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">218652–218658</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4D2AFBDCFF22B093" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">218973– 218975</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4FE3FBFDFD8BB093" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079387" box="[208,534,1151,1175]" collectionCode="NMV" location="Mt. Katopasa" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="NMV Z61813" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5014BE95D4FE3FBFDFEC2B092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D5014BE95D4FE3FBFDFEC2B092" box="[208,351,1151,1174]" name="Mt. Katopasa" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mt. Katopasa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E5EFBFDFD96B093" box="[365,523,1151,1175]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">NMV Z61813</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4D2FFBFDFEE0B0FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079315" collectionCode="FMNH, MVZ" location="Mt. Latimojong" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="FMNH 213006-213008, 213010, 213011, 213013, 213014, 213030, 213032, MVZ 237595, 237622-237624" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5014BE95D4D2FFBFDFF59B0BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D5014BE95D4D2FFBFDFF59B0BC" name="Mt. Latimojong" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mt. Latimojong</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4FD0FB22FD9AB0BC" box="[227,519,1184,1208]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">FMNH 213006–213008</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4D11FB22FDEAB0BC" box="[546,631,1184,1208]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213010</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4F5FFB43FF20B0DD" box="[108,189,1217,1241]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213011</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4FF9FB43FE86B0DD" box="[202,283,1217,1241]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213013</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E14FB43FEE5B0DD" box="[295,376,1217,1241]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213014</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4EB6FB43FE4BB0DD" box="[389,470,1217,1241]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213030</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4ED0FB43FDA9B0DD" box="[483,564,1217,1241]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213032</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4D73FB40FF21B0FE" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">MVZ 237595</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4FF6FB60FEEFB0FE" box="[197,370,1250,1274]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">237622–237624</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4EB1FB61FF6CB11F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079426" collectionCode="MWFB" location="Mt. Mekongga" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MWFB 8151, 8154" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5014BE95D4EB1FB61FD80B0FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D5014BE95D4EB1FB61FD80B0FE" box="[386,541,1250,1274]" name="Mt. Mekongga" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mt. Mekongga</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4D1AFB60FF3CB11F" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">MWFB 8151</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4F9DFA81FF7BB11F" box="[174,230,1283,1307]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">8154</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B0853014BE95D4FC9FA86FD8FB138" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079355" collectionCode="FMNH, MZB" location="Mt. Rorekatimbo" pageId="82" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="FMNH 213174- 213189, 213257, 213438, MZB 43010" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D5014BE95D4FC9FA86FE28B11F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180157E95D4DCDFA68FD8FB138:8EFC54D5014BE95D4FC9FA86FE28B11F" box="[250,437,1283,1307]" name="Mt. Rorekatimbo" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">Mt. Rorekatimbo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4EF6FA81FF20B138" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">FMNH 213174– 213189</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4FFBFAA6FE84B138" box="[200,281,1316,1340]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213257</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4E17FAA6FEE8B138" box="[292,373,1316,1340]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">213438</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA75014BE95D4EB3FAA7FD9BB138" box="[384,518,1316,1340]" pageId="82" pageNumber="82">MZB 43010</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |