535 lines
74 KiB
XML
535 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="2E925BBF98412776A1EE7902D24F9A4A" ID-CLB-Dataset="2886" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a7cdaa4-c2f2-4370-9301-c2ab339b2e0d" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788835" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639747398861" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Esselstyn, Jacob A., Achmadi, Anang S., Handika, Heru, Swanson, Mark T., Giarla, Thomas C. & Rowe, Kevin C." docDate="2021" docId="038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.454.1-108.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (454)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crocidura rhoditis Miller and Hollister 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFB3CB600119E90F4F33FF82FF9DB404" masterDocTitle="Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1699472789874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1590E2C671B1D12A2F98873130C616DF">
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<mods:title id="2913AD0E044BF05BB102F9128370579E">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="290CB254348E078EC586F791F803E22D">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58D315A62788A68D834F1483AFC45499">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CA52A2048A232F4847791B8AE34772E">Handika, Heru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9523C1E1BEC4CE9DB5EDE429DDB02641">Swanson, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1D6FB67B7A6158A7019BCF37DE2C4B4">Giarla, Thomas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CB0C3E6C42118D48880174EB332BB87">Rowe, Kevin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4E918EA4C583168FDC64CB8AB736865E">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C2AE4CC6FB224DF793B183902DE93649">
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<mods:date id="B4B9FC2E78E02D4045E126A5C215FF7C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5CC3C155EBE06EB8D46727072A2ACD0B">2021-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CF80556E4564551E612D0930055B0A1C">454</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="33F72B70B040E8087F3E07F3D4432D03">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-454/issue-1/0003-0090.454.1.1/Fourteen-New-Endemic-Species-of-Shrew-Genus-Crocidura-from-Sulawesi/10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1.full</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795524" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795524" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C33951850133E9254DF1FA23FB3BB1BD" box="[706,1190,1441,1465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0133E9254DF1FA23FB3BB1BD" blockId="42.[706,1190,1441,1465]" box="[706,1190,1441,1465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0D4B5620133E9254DF1FA23FB3BB1BD" box="[706,1190,1441,1465]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0133E9254DF1FA23FB3BB1BD" ID-CoL="ZK7D" authority="Miller and Hollister, 1921" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[706,1190,1441,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0133E9254DF1FA23FC18B1BD" box="[706,901,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
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Miller and Hollister, 1921
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33951850133E9254D9FFA55FC6FB215" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0133E9254D9FFA55FC6FB215" blockId="42.[684,1166,1495,1553]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0133E9254D9FFA55FC9BB215" ID-CoL="ZK7D" authority="Miller and Hollister, 1921: 102" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0133E9254D9FFA55FCF1B1EB" box="[684,876,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
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Miller and Hollister, 1921: 102
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</taxonomicName>
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. Original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33951850133E9234DFFF9AFFDA6B240" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0133E9254DFFF9AFFBDAB2CD" blockId="42.[684,1212,1581,1737]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530133E9254DFFF9AFFBDAB2CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079302" collectingDate="1916-08-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="H. C. Raven. Prepared" county="Miller" elevation="650" latitude="0.979" location="Temboan" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="USNM 217550" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="North Sulawesi Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0133E9254DFFF9AFFCDFB241" box="[716,834,1581,1605]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB85AA750133E9254C7DF9AFFC6CB241" box="[846,1009,1581,1605]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 217550</specimenCode>
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, an
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<specimenCount id="9D25C9870133E9254B28F9AFFBCFB241" box="[1051,1106,1581,1605]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="9D25C9870133E9254B6BF9AFFB11B241" box="[1112,1164,1581,1605]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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collected
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<date id="FF9D24CE0133E9254DC0F9CCFC13B262" box="[755,910,1614,1638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" value="1916-08-03">
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<collectingDate id="EFD9DD260133E9254DC0F9CCFC13B262" box="[755,910,1614,1638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" value="1916-08-03">3 August 1916</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="26D667D80133E9254C87F9CCFB3DB262" box="[948,1184,1614,1638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="42">H.C. Raven. Prepared</collectorName>
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as a skin and skull. External measurements from the type are
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0133E9254C0CF912FC03B2AC" box="[831,926,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="153.0">153 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0133E9254CF1F912FB89B2AC" box="[962,1044,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
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||
×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0133E9254B0BF912FB11B2AC" box="[1080,1164,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="42" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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; ear length and weight were not recorded.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5C52860132E9244F5FFA5BFC7CB260" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" startId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" targetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" targetPageId="43">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0132E9244F5FFA5BFC7CB260" blockId="43.[108,1212,1495,1636]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group:
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244CA5FA76FC33B208" bold="true" box="[918,942,1524,1548]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">A,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0132E9244C85FA76FB21B208" authority=", MVZ" authorityName="MVZ" box="[950,1212,1524,1548]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244C85FA76FBEBB208" box="[950,1142,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Crocidura australis</emphasis>
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, MVZ
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</taxonomicName>
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237610 (right hind foot);
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244E45F990FE11B22E" bold="true" box="[374,396,1554,1578]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">B,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0132E9244EA1F990FDD1B22D" authority=", FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[402,588,1554,1578]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244EA1F990FE69B22E" box="[402,500,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">C. pallida</emphasis>
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, FMNH
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</taxonomicName>
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210582 (left hind foot);
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244C7EF993FCF9B22D" bold="true" box="[845,868,1553,1577]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">C,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0132E9244C59F990FBEAB22E" authority=", LSUMZ" authorityName="LSUMZ" box="[874,1143,1554,1578]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244C59F990FB84B22E" box="[874,1049,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
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, LSUMZ
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</taxonomicName>
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39040 (right hind foot); and
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244E60F9ADFEF6B243" bold="true" box="[339,363,1583,1607]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">D,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0132E9244E40F9ADFDA1B243" authority=", LSUMZ" authorityName="LSUMZ" box="[371,572,1583,1607]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0132E9244E40F9ADFE40B243" box="[371,477,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
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, LSUMZ
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</taxonomicName>
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39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF5C52860135E9234F5EFB71FEFFB147" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" startId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" targetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" targetPageId="44">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0135E9234F5EFB71FEFFB147" blockId="44.[109,1212,1265,1347]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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||
FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group:
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234DB7FA8CFD01B122" bold="true" box="[644,668,1294,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">A,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0135E9234D91FA8CFC25B122" authority=", LSUMZ" authorityName="LSUMZ" box="[674,952,1294,1318]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234D91FA8CFCC7B122" box="[674,858,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
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||
, LSUMZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
39050 and
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234B06FA8CFBD6B122" bold="true" box="[1077,1099,1294,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">B,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0135E9234B62FA8CFE8AB147" authority=", LSUMZ" authorityName="LSUMZ" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234B62FA8CFF24B147" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
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, LSUMZ
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</taxonomicName>
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39310.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0135E9234FBFFAE4FDA6B240" blockId="44.[108,637,1381,1736]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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TYPE LOCALITY: “Temboan, northeastern Celebes” (Miller and Hollister, 1921: 102;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0135E9234EDCFA04FDAEB19B" box="[495,563,1414,1439]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50135E9234D77FA05FF3FB1BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED:8EFC54D50135E9234D77FA05FF3FB1BB" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="Temboan" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="North Sulawesi Province">Temboan</location>
|
||
is located at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90135E9234E0EFA2AFE3DB1BB" box="[317,416,1448,1472]" degrees="0.979" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" precision="55" value="0.979">0.979° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90135E9234E9DFA25FDBBB1BB" box="[430,550,1447,1471]" degrees="124.605" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" precision="55" value="124.605">124.605° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0135E9234D07FA25FDE0B1BB" box="[564,637,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000EE53D0135E9234D07FA25FDE0B1BB" box="[564,637,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation in the
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50135E9234E1CFA4AFDE4B1E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED:8EFC54D50135E9234E1CFA4AFDE4B1E5" box="[303,633,1480,1505]" county="Miller" latitude="0.979" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="124.605" municipality="Hollister" name="Southeast Minahasa Regency" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="North Sulawesi Province">Southeast Minahasa Regency</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0135E9234F5FFA68FEF2B206" box="[108,367,1514,1538]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2E1B2C0135E9234E4BFA68FDAAB240" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0135E9234E4BFA68FE33B206" box="[376,430,1514,1538]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Kalait. See the gazetteer (appendix) for a detailed explanation of our interpretation of Raven’s type locality
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850135E9234FBFF9CFFC28B281" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0135E9234FBFF9CFFC28B281" blockId="44.[108,637,1381,1736]" lastBlockId="44.[684,1214,1381,1736]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the north-east area of endemism (Temboan and Mt. Ambang,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0135E9234E09F90DFDD0B2A3" box="[314,589,1679,1703]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0135E9234D69F90DFF17B2CC" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0135E9234FADF932FEB2B2CC" author="Ruedi, M." box="[158,303,1712,1736]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported specimens from Mt. Rorekatimbo, but mitochondrially (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0135E9234B06FAE7FD78B19B" author="Ruedi, M. & M. Auberson & V. Savolainen" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="567 - 571" refId="ref60802" refString="Ruedi, M., M. Auberson, and V. Savolainen. 1998. Biogeography of Sulawesian shrews: testing for their origin with a parametric bootstrap on molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 567 - 571." type="journal article" year="1998">Ruedi et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these match the sister taxon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0135E9234B7CFA04FCDAB1BB" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234B7CFA04FCDAB1BB" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0135E9234C67FA2AFC6CB1C4" author="Musser, G. G." box="[852,1009,1448,1472]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="73 - 91" refId="ref59714" refString="Musser, G. G. 1987. The mammals of Sulawesi. In T. C. Whitmore (editor), Biogeographical evolution of the Malay archipelago: 73 - 91. Oxford: Clarendon Press." type="book chapter" year="1987">Musser (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0135E9234B6FFA2AFD58B1E4" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234B6FFA2AFD58B1E4" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southwestern and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0135E9234CEBFA4AFB16B1E4" box="[984,1163,1480,1504]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">central Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but those records likely represent other taxa. We recorded this species between 1400 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0135E9234B5AF989FB21B226" box="[1129,1212,1547,1571]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
on Mt. Ambang (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0135E9234C4DF9AEFC57B240" box="[894,970,1580,1604]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[104,146,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[104,1603,469,1356]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@31.[188,1530,466,1251]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 13. Elevational records of all species of Crocidura known from Sulawesi. Each point represents a specimen. For specimens associated with a minimum and maximum elevation, we used the center of the given elevational range. Sample sizes are given above the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788859/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50135E9234CEFF9AEFBB0B240" box="[988,1069,1580,1604]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from Temboan are from low elevation habitat, probably around
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25C9870135E9234C5AF9ECFC28B281" box="[873,949,1646,1670]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0135E9234C5AF9ECFC2CB281" box="[873,945,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850135E9224DFFF90DFE59B0BD" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0135E9224DFFF90DFE59B0BD" blockId="44.[684,1214,1381,1736]" lastBlockId="45.[108,637,226,1738]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
|
||
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0135E9234CE1F90DFB03B2A3" box="[978,1182,1679,1703]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0135E9234CE1F90DFB03B2A3" box="[978,1182,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the larger shrews on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0135E9234CE5F932FBAEB2CC" box="[982,1075,1712,1736]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50135E9234B73F932FB08B2CC" box="[1088,1173,1712,1736]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50135E9234BACF932FB33B2CC" box="[1183,1198,1712,1736]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">7</tableCitation>
|
||
), with a stocky build (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224E60FF60FE00B4FE" box="[339,413,226,250]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its overall color is paler than most species on the island, with a medium gray dorsal pelage and slightly paler venter, often with cinnamon highlights. The feet are pale, especially the forefeet. The digits of the hand are nearly white or pale pink colored, but those of the hind feet are off-white. The tail is slightly shorter than head-and-body length, thick at the base, and similar in color to the pelage. Tail bristles are present, but sparse along the proximal half of the tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224EB4FDAEFE7BB640" box="[391,486,556,580]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lips are paler than the surrounding pelage and the rhinarium is also generally pale, but the upper margins of each nostril have a dark rim. The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224F5EFD33FF43B6CC" box="[109,222,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224F5EFD33FF43B6CC" box="[109,222,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is large, with the rostral length making up an unusually large proportion of skull length (RL/CIL;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224E16FD71FEF0B70F" box="[293,365,755,779]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The braincase is wider than expected for a shrew of this size, but the interorbital region is narrow relative to the braincase breadth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224E21FCD4FEF7B76A" box="[274,362,854,878]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224E4FFCD4FE32B76A" box="[380,431,854,878]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">22A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lambdoidal ridge is fairly prominent and the squamosalparietal suture also forms a ridge that extends horizontally from above the internal ear to above the glenoid fossa. This ridge is visible from a dorsal aspect and highlights the tapering shape of the anterior portion of the braincase margin. The angle at which the braincase narrows anteriorly is similar to the tapered shape of the interorbital region. The dentition is robust, occupying a large portion of the palate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224E6FFB22FE24B0BD" box="[348,441,1184,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850134E9224FBFFB40FC49B1A4" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0134E9224FBFFB40FC49B1A4" blockId="45.[108,637,226,1738]" lastBlockId="45.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E73FB40FD92B0DE" box="[320,527,1218,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E73FB40FD92B0DE" box="[320,527,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than all
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0134E9224FF0FB61FE82B0FF" box="[195,287,1251,1275]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E15FB61FE0CB0FF" box="[294,401,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E15FB61FE0CB0FF" box="[294,401,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Crocidura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224ED1FB61FDC5B0FF" box="[482,600,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224ED1FB61FDC5B0FF" box="[482,600,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224D57FB61FE9CB118" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224D57FB61FE9CB118" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E20FA86FE16B11F" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[275,395,1284,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E20FA86FE16B11F" box="[275,395,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the two Thick- Tailed Group members,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224EBBFAA7FDBEB139" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[392,547,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224EBBFAA7FDBEB139" box="[392,547,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224D57FAA7FF7BB15A" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224D57FAA7FF7BB15A" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its mass-to-HBL ratio is greater than in all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224EBBFAE5FDBCB17B" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[392,545,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224EBBFAE5FDBCB17B" box="[392,545,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224D1CFAE5FDEEB17B" box="[559,627,1383,1407]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its relative rostral length (RL/CIL) is greater than in all other species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224EB9FA2BFE4EB1C5" box="[394,467,1449,1473]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224D57FA2BFF20B1E6" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224D57FA2BFF20B1E6" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much shorter absolutely and relative to body length than in members of the Long-Tailed Group, but longer absolutely than in all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E38F9ACFE59B241" box="[267,452,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E38F9ACFE59B241" box="[267,452,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224EE2F9AFFD97B241" box="[465,522,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[108,150,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[137,1192,224,1561]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@24.[203,1191,224,1433]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 9. Box plots showing variation in external measurements from all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick- Tailed Group). All measurements in mm. HBL = head-and-body length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788853/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224FCDF9CDFEF2B262" box="[254,367,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224FCDF9CDFEF2B262" box="[254,367,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in color to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224D57F9CDFF58B283" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224D57F9CDFF58B283" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, darker than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E6AF9F2FD95B283" box="[345,520,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E6AF9F2FD95B283" box="[345,520,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and paler than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224F96F913FE85B2AC" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[165,280,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224F96F913FE85B2AC" box="[165,280,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The feet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224E96F913FD8BB2AC" box="[421,534,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224E96F913FD8BB2AC" box="[421,534,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are paler than those of most other species, with the excep- tions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C2FFF60FCF8B4FE" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[796,869,226,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C2FFF60FCF8B4FE" box="[796,869,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. lea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(much smaller),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B75FF60FB21B4FE" box="[1094,1212,226,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B75FF60FB21B4FE" box="[1094,1212,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(smaller),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C19FE81FC2DB51F" box="[810,944,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C19FE81FC2DB51F" box="[810,944,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer tail), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B97FE81FCA2B538" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B97FE81FCA2B538" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer tail). Within the Rhoditis Group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C34FEC7FCE2B559" box="[775,895,325,349]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C34FEC7FCE2B559" box="[775,895,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B97FEC7FCDAB57A" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B97FEC7FCDAB57A" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its apparent sister species, but it is larger in all dimensions than the other two members of the Rhoditis Group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B27FE2AFB10B5C4" box="[1044,1165,424,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B27FE2AFB10B5C4" box="[1044,1165,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224D9EFE4BFC89B5E5" box="[685,788,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224D9EFE4BFC89B5E5" box="[685,788,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C6EFE4BFC51B5E5" box="[861,972,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C6EFE4BFC51B5E5" box="[861,972,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B30FE4BFB21B5E5" box="[1027,1212,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B30FE4BFB21B5E5" box="[1027,1212,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a pale integument, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224CDBFE69FBC4B606" box="[1000,1113,490,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224CDBFE69FBC4B606" box="[1000,1113,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger, slightly paler, and has a narrower thenar pad on the hind foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224C67FDAEFC02B640" box="[852,927,556,580]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although differences in body length are modest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224CF8FDCFFB88B661" box="[971,1045,589,613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@46.[325,392,795,927]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from Crocidura rhoditis and C. pseudorhoditis are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B1FFDCCFB3DB661" box="[1068,1184,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B1FFDCCFB3DB661" box="[1068,1184,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stockier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C77FDEDFC62B682" box="[836,1023,622,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C77FDEDFC62B682" box="[836,1023,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224B3EFDECFBCEB683" box="[1037,1107,622,647]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and size differences are apparent in condyloincisive length and braincase breadth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224CC5FD32FBA1B6CD" box="[1014,1084,688,713]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@46.[325,392,795,927]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from Crocidura rhoditis and C. pseudorhoditis are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50134E9224B75FD32FB0DB6CD" box="[1094,1168,688,713]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the greater relative rostral length mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224CB3FD71FC6BB70F" box="[896,1014,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224CB3FD71FC6BB70F" box="[896,1014,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a lesser relative interorbital width (IOW/CIL) than all other members of the Rhoditis Group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224B55FCB7FB32B749" box="[1126,1199,821,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The narrowness of the interorbital region is also reflected in that it is lesser relative to braincase breadth (IOW/BB) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224CADFC1AFB90B7B4" box="[926,1037,920,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224CADFC1AFB90B7B4" box="[926,1037,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B96FC1AFCD4B7D5" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B96FC1AFCD4B7D5" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas braincase breadth relative to skull length (BB/CIL) does not differ appreciably between the two species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224B51FC79FB2AB017" box="[1122,1207,1019,1043]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224D9FFB9EFD56B030" box="[684,715,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224C49FB9FFC6CB030" box="[890,1009,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C49FB9FFC6CB030" box="[890,1009,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a prominent ridge at the suture of the squamosal and parietal bones. This ridge is present, but less conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224DF9FB02FC19B093" box="[714,900,1151,1175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224DF9FB02FC19B093" box="[714,900,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A PCA of cranial measurements largely separates these two taxa along the first axis, which represents size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224B22FB40FBC4B0DE" box="[1041,1113,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[108,150,842,863]" captionTargetBox="[111,1207,230,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-658@40.[614,961,223,766]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 19. Bivariate plots showing the first two principal components from analyses of 12 cranial variables in the Rhoditis Group. Panel A shows analysis of individuals sampled syntopically on Mt. Ambang (C. pseudorhoditis and C. rhoditis) and panel B shows individuals sampled across the island. Loadings and variance explained by component axes are presented in table 6." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788869/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50134E9224B56FB40FB2CB0DE" box="[1125,1201,1218,1242]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="38.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,900]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="TABLE 6 Results of Principal Components Analysis of Craniodental Measurements of the Rhoditis Group of Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C5286013FE9294D51FF60FB2FB523" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF5C5286013FE9294D51FF60FB2FB523">table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). The differences in size measurements between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0134E9224B97FB61FD60B118" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224B97FB61FD60B118" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its sister species are somewhat more pronounced when only syntopically sampled specimens from Mt. Ambang are considered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224BAAFAC4FD54B17B" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@46.[325,392,795,927]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from Crocidura rhoditis and C. pseudorhoditis are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), perhaps indicating a role for character displacement in these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850134E9214DFFFA2BFC49B627" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0134E9224DFFFA2BFB26B2CE" blockId="45.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">
|
||
COMMENTS: Mitochondrial sequences from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0134E9224DEFFA49FC91B1E7" box="[732,780,1483,1507]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750134E9224C5EFA48FB83B1E6" box="[877,1054,1482,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">USNM 217550</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750134E9224B1CFA48FB1FB1E6" box="[1071,1154,1482,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">217552</specimenCode>
|
||
, and 217554, and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750134E9224C0FFA6EFC44B207" box="[828,985,1515,1539]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH 43858</specimenCode>
|
||
) are all very similar to cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0134E9224C5DF98EFCE6B220" box="[878,891,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences from our
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50134E9224BA6F98FFC94B241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED:8EFC54D50134E9224BA6F98FFC94B241" county="Parapatrically" municipality="Jukes-Cantor" name="Mt. Ambang" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Mt. Ambang</location>
|
||
specimens, with maximum intraspecific
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740134E9224D9FF9CCFCA3B262" box="[684,830,1614,1638]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Jukes-Cantor</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
distances ≤0.011 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0134E9224B28F9CCFBC7B263" box="[1051,1114,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[109,149,1509,1530]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@16.[133,929,224,1532]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789143/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; supplementary data S5).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FD7A820134E9224CA2F9EDFBB1B283" box="[913,1068,1647,1671]" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Parapatrically</collectingCounty>
|
||
distributed, phenotypically similar specimens with distinct mitochondrial sequences (mean Jukes-Cantor
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214D9FFF60FC49B627" blockId="46.[684,1213,226,745]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
distance = 0.08) and smaller skulls are described below as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214C22FE81FB80B51F" box="[785,1053,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214C22FE81FB80B51F" box="[785,1053,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the morphological differences between these two species are slight, the fairly large mitochondrial divergence, corroborating inferences from nuclear exons and UCEs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0137E9214CFEFE05FB8EB59A" box="[973,1043,391,415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0137E9214B2CFE05FBB0B59B" box="[1055,1069,391,415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">8</figureCitation>
|
||
; supplementary data S6), and their syntopy on Mt. Ambang (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0137E9214D86FE4BFC9DB5E5" box="[693,768,457,481]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly support their recognition as distinct taxa. See the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214B36FE69FB21B606" box="[1029,1212,490,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214B36FE69FB21B606" box="[1029,1212,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for results of BPP analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F40FF78FF22B526" blockId="46.[115,599,250,576]" box="[115,191,250,347]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">LENGTH 100</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F40FEE0FF5CB5B9" blockId="46.[115,599,250,576]" box="[115,193,354,555]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">HEAD-AND-BODY 80</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F9AFED9FDCAB62A" blockId="46.[115,599,250,576]" box="[169,599,347,578]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
90 70 N = 5
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E7CFDACFEC1B644" box="[335,348,558,576]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 74
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E92FDB2FE30B646" box="[417,429,560,578]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 49
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214EFAFDB2FE48B646" box="[457,469,560,578]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 94
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214D33FDACFD91B644" box="[512,524,558,576]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 18
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214D14FDACFDAEB644" box="[551,563,558,576]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 27
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850137E9214DFFFDAEFCC8B6ED" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214DFFFDAEFCC8B6ED" blockId="46.[684,1213,226,745]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530137E9214CF8FDAFFB21B6AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079328" collectionCode="LSUMZ, NMV, C" location="Mt. Ambang" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="LSUMZ 39032, 39033, 39037, 39038, 39050, 39053- 39055, 39062, 39064, 39065, 39068, 39284, 39296, 39319, 39321, NMV C38022, C38031" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50137E9214CF8FDAFFBC8B640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180133E9214DF1FA23FCC8B6ED:8EFC54D50137E9214CF8FDAFFBC8B640" box="[971,1109,556,580]" name="Mt. Ambang" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Mt. Ambang</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B51FDAEFD6FB661" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">LSUMZ 39032</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C36FDCFFCD6B661" box="[773,843,589,613]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39033</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C6DFDCFFC39B661" box="[862,932,589,613]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39037</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C8BFDCFFC63B661" box="[952,1022,589,613]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39038</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B22FDCFFBCAB661" box="[1041,1111,589,613]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39050</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B59FDCFFD6FB682" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39053– 39055</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C34FDECFCD0B682" box="[775,845,622,646]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39062</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C51FDECFC35B682" box="[866,936,622,646]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39064</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C8FFDECFB9FB682" box="[956,1026,622,646]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39065</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B24FDECFBC0B682" box="[1047,1117,622,646]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39068</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B41FDEDFB25B683" box="[1138,1208,623,647]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39284</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214D9FFD0DFD6CB6A3" box="[684,753,655,679]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39296</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C33FD12FCD8B6AC" box="[768,837,656,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39319</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C60FD12FC05B6AC" box="[851,920,656,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">39321</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C94FD12FBD4B6AC" box="[935,1097,656,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">NMV C38022</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B6BFD12FB2DB6AC" box="[1112,1200,656,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C38031</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530137E9214D9FFD32FCC8B6ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079346" collectionCode="USNM, FMNH" location="Temboan" municipality="Temboan" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="USNM 217550, 217552, 217554, FMNH 43858" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740137E9214D9FFD32FC8BB6CC" box="[684,790,688,712]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Temboan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214C1CFD33FC78B6CC" box="[815,997,688,713]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">USNM 217550</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214CC9FD32FBD3B6CC" box="[1018,1102,688,712]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">217552</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214B57FD32FB2AB6CC" box="[1124,1207,688,712]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">217554</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750137E9214D9FFD50FCD4B6ED" box="[684,841,721,745]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">FMNH 43858</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |