175 lines
19 KiB
XML
175 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="B667E09A7D92CE01521E0DF483F85562" ID-CLB-Dataset="31177" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a141fa76-cc88-4901-944a-306171e41413" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1114473" ID-ZooBank="86DE1B94-63AE-4ABF-B28A-0ECEA22D2F10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513152258038" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mcfadden, Catherine S. & Van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2017" docId="038A07766C182869FF245CEEFC6848F8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4363.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4363 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Circularius Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen 2017, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="470" masterDocId="FFB37F0E6C0A287AFFB35C76FF964E2E" masterDocTitle="Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="469" updateTime="1698509335316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D1BEDD620A8E49D234143ABA15D95BA0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D6DA40B5B9685EAFBE9610A7AADBC461">
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<mods:title id="91FCAF7A08A99D94B9CE8FF54D46035E">Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="15C25D2A485D4BC136C735A4DC023E04" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EEA3391632AF01D87FA8F843A07CED77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D3896EA4D3ED8D7B8399058AAABC5E64">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="BABDD341D4F993C4A8FE5E4DF4727DC8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E7224675375D8E7A45FEA8F7D8DF89E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DA87B83CD0B3A23CBD39535DF394247">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2CCCF6BFB9BCFE9653257D01F7915258">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="742264197E5DF81C1C6AC4F8EAC0EBEE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2963BECD5988F335C5A740B157AD89EB">
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<mods:date id="CF368CB8DE6855C48677632756AE5719">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EFFD8155178E1AA17086C4EF06D1EF65">2017-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E80E83BDD00CD24069CDF6EF97EB0D3B">4363</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B3D014958FE79C8B3B8911CF037B524E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="01214876205128CCC6D534D78ACA4E2E">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FD08F56B102193C5A0D2D28805401E94">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B1E613F5C462062C93C64F6F79120BFA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A07766C182869FF245CEEFC6848F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5613940" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137679941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5613940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C182869FF245CEEFC6848F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A07766C182869FF245CEEFC6848F8" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C182868FF245CEEFE144E9C" box="[151,386,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C182868FF245CEEFE144E9C" blockId="18.[151,386,152,178]" box="[151,386,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<heading id="D0D4010C6C182868FF245CEEFE144E9C" bold="true" box="[151,386,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FF245CEEFE144E9C" bold="true" box="[151,386,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C182868FF245CEEFEB74E9C" authority="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,289,152,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FF245CEEFEB74E9C" bold="true" box="[151,289,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Circularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C182868FE835CEEFE144E9C" box="[304,386,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C182868FF245CA8FC5E4ED9" box="[151,968,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C182868FF245CA8FC5E4ED9" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,391]" box="[151,968,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FF245CA8FEBD4ED9" bold="true" box="[151,299,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Type species</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C182868FE8A5CA8FD294ED9" authority="Thomson, 1921" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1921" box="[313,703,222,247]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FE8A5CA8FD9F4ED9" box="[313,521,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Alcyonium wilsoni</emphasis>
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Thomson, 1921
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C182868FF745D74FE944FA9" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C182868FF745D74FE944FA9" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FF745D74FEAC4F35" bold="true" box="[199,314,258,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Colonies lobate, lobes often arising from encrusting, membranous base. Polyps retractile. Sclerites predominantly spindles and clubs. Some radiates may be present in base of colony. Polyps with spindles arranged to form collaret and points. Small rods in tentacles. Interior of colony with same sclerite types as surface. Sclerites colorless.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5CE6E86C182868FF245BD7FE8549F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114553/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" targetBox="[151,1436,443,1931]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C182868FF245BD7FE8549F8" blockId="18.[151,1435,1953,2006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FF245BD7FEB54999" bold="true" box="[151,291,1953,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C182868FE9E5BD7FE624999" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[301,500,1953,1975]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C182868FE9E5BD7FE624999" box="[301,500,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Circularius wilsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C182868FE4D5BD4FDCD4999" box="[510,603,1953,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448). a, polyp sclerites; b, sclerites from surface of polyparium.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF5CE6E86C192869FF245965FB5E4B07" box="[151,1224,1299,1321]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114555/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" targetBox="[164,1422,193,1277]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245965FB5E4B07" blockId="19.[151,1224,1299,1321]" box="[151,1224,1299,1321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245965FE884B07" bold="true" box="[151,286,1299,1321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FE975965FE714B07" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[292,487,1299,1321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FE975965FE714B07" box="[292,487,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius wilsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FE5D5962FDD04B07" box="[494,582,1299,1321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448). Sclerites of membranous base.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C192869FF745923FC1F4BBF" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF745923FC1F4BBF" blockId="19.[151,1436,1365,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF745923FED04B40" bold="true" box="[199,326,1365,1390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Etymology</emphasis>
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. From the Latin
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FDBD5923FDF14B40" box="[526,615,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">circulor</emphasis>
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meaning to gather a group around oneself, in reference to the species’ tendency to occur as aggregations of small colonies. Gender: masc.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C192869FF7459EBFC6848F8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF7459EBFC6848F8" blockId="19.[151,1436,1365,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF7459EBFEA24B98" bold="true" box="[199,308,1437,1462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Remarks</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FEF159EBFE554B98" authority="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,451,1437,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FEF159EBFE554B98" box="[322,451,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FE7959EBFD8C4B98" box="[458,538,1437,1462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FE7959EBFD8C4B98" bold="true" box="[458,538,1437,1462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. gen.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is distinguished from other genera in family Leptophytidae by the arrangement of sclerites in the polyps, which form a collaret and points. Species in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FBFE59B7FAFC4BF4" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[1101,1386,1473,1498]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FBFE59B7FB534BF4" box="[1101,1221,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Alcyonium</emphasis>
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(Alcyoniidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FF245990FE3A4BD0" box="[151,428,1509,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245990FE924BD3" box="[151,260,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Gersemia</emphasis>
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(Nephtheidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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also have a collaret and points.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FC935990FC1B4BD3" box="[800,909,1510,1533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FC935990FC1B4BD3" box="[800,909,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Gersemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, lacks clubs, and has predominantly radiates in the colony surface and few or no sclerites in the colony interior.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FBA95A7FFB04480C" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[1050,1170,1545,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FBA95A7FFB04480C" box="[1050,1170,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Alcyonium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the coenenchymal sclerites arranged in two distinct layers. In contrast, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FD4F5A5BFCEA4868" authority="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[764,892,1581,1606]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FD4F5A5BFCEA4868" box="[764,892,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FC305A5BFC444868" box="[899,978,1581,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FC305A5BFC444868" bold="true" box="[899,978,1581,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. gen.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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the same sclerite
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<typeStatus id="549808C26C192869FB295A58FB434868" box="[1178,1237,1582,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">types</typeStatus>
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occur throughout the polyps, surface and interior of the colony. The growth form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FC345A27FB914844" authority="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[903,1031,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FC345A27FB914844" box="[903,1031,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FBBC5A27FBC84844" box="[1039,1118,1617,1642]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FBBC5A27FBC84844" bold="true" box="[1039,1118,1617,1642]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. gen.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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superficially resembles that of the northern hemisphere genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FDAA5A03FC2B48A0" authority="McFadden & Hochberg" authorityName="McFadden & Hochberg" authorityYear="2003" box="[537,957,1653,1678]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Discophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FDAA5A03FD3148A0" box="[537,679,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Discophyton</emphasis>
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McFadden & Hochberg
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</taxonomicName>
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, but in that genus the polyps lack sclerites and the coenenchymal sclerites are large, irregular forms. Molecular analyses place
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FBFD5AEFFB58489C" authority="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[1102,1230,1689,1714]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FBFD5AEFFB58489C" box="[1102,1230,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FB655AEFFAB0489C" box="[1238,1318,1689,1714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FB655AEFFAB0489C" bold="true" box="[1238,1318,1689,1714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in a clade with other genera endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334F6F06C192869FE565ACBFDE148F8" box="[485,631,1725,1750]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FCA35ACBFC0A48F8" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[784,924,1725,1750]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FCA35ACBFC0A48F8" box="[784,924,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Leptophyton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C192869FC1F5ACBFC7B48F8" box="[940,1005,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[171,1407,217,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Octocorallia based on combined, partitioned analysis of 28S rDNA, COI and 16S mtDNA.South African species and clades are identified in blue. Filled circles indicate nodes with>70% bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities>0.95 (shown for South African clades only). Strongly supported clades (bootstrap 70%) with no South African members have been collapsed to facilitate readability. Phylogenetic position of Protodendron repens indicated with *." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114481/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |