742 lines
132 KiB
XML
742 lines
132 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A1FC2C767751E09681235E0115893ED4">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209285974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7628949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FF73A9451BE2F9AF" ID-CoL="4S3HC" authority="Lorenz, 1886" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,661,1572,1599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A945189CF9AF" bold="true" box="[151,491,1572,1599]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FE16A9441BE2F9AF" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[498,661,1573,1599]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7D3377FF73A92818E5F9F4" blockId="74.[151,661,1572,1636]" box="[151,402,1609,1636]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7D3377FF7BA9281981F9F3" box="[159,246,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7D3377FEE6A9281844F9F4" box="[258,307,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-497@80.[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ancestrulae with periancestrular zooids in colonies of three Rhamphostomella species. A. R. scabra, A.V. Grischenko Collection (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk). B. R. sibirica, P. Kuklinski Collection (Beringian coastal waters of Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, western Aleutian Islands). C. R. spinigera, Paralectotype, NHMW 92536 (Jan Mayen), initial part of colony. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544578/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">25C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7D3377FEDAA92818FCF9F4" box="[318,395,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,211,1557]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 33. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella and Mixtoscutella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella sibirica (Kluge, 1929). Lectotype, ZIRAS 1/50730 (Laptev Sea). C, D. Rhamphostomella tatarica (Androsova, 1958). Paratype, ZIRAS 2/3852 (Tatar Strait, Sea of Japan). E, F. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92535 (Jan Mayen). G. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-9303 (Red Bay, west Spitsbergen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). H. Mixtoscutella ussowi (Kluge, 1908). Lectotype, ZIRAS 4/2331 (estuary of Mezen River, White Sea). Scale bars: A–F, H, 250 µm; G, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544595/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">33E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FF73A9EC1B63F936" authority=": Smitt 1868 a, p. 30" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,532,1677,1702]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A9EC183EF935" box="[151,329,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FEB3A9EC18A3F935" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[343,468,1677,1701]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 30
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, 31 (part), pl. 28, fig. 192.
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FF73A9CD1BF3F954" ID-CoL="4S3HC" authority="Lorenz, 1886, p. 12" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,644,1708,1732]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A9CD18C3F954" box="[151,436,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FE5FA9CC1B33F954" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[443,580,1708,1732]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 12
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FF73A9AA1BD9F973" ID-CoL="4S3HC" authority=": Nordgaard 1906, p. 32" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,686,1739,1763]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A9AA18C2F973" box="[151,437,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FE27A9AA1B1BF973" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[451,620,1739,1763]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 32
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 41, pl. 4, figs 52–55;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B7D3377FC72A9AA1D1CF973" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[918,1131,1739,1763]" page="429" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" year="1952">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FC72A9AA1D6AF973" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[918,1053,1739,1763]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 429
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 51, fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FAE0A9AA1C09F973" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1284,1406,1739,1763]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
542, fig. 379; 1975, p. 659, fig. 379;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FDA7A9881BB8F892" author="Hayami, T." box="[579,719,1769,1794]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="316 - 336" refId="ref90291" refString="Hayami, T. (1970) Miocene Bryozoa from southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 79, 316 - 336." type="journal article" year="1970">Hayami 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 332, pl. 36, fig. 11; 1975, p. 89, pl. 17, fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FB2FA9881CEFF892" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1227,1432,1769,1794]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Gostilovskaya 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 228, fig. 144.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7D3377FF73A8461DACF8AF" blockId="74.[151,1437,1677,1855]" box="[151,1243,1831,1855]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FF73A8461B1FF8AF" ID-CoL="4S3H7" authority=": Waters 1900, p. 92" authorityName=": Waters" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,616,1831,1855]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A84618EDF8AF" box="[151,410,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FE4CA8461B5EF8AF" author="Waters, A. W." box="[424,553,1831,1855]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="43 - 105" refId="ref96153" refString="Waters, A. W. (1900) Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896 - 1897. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Series, 28, 43 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 01745. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Waters 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 92
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 11, figs 28, 29;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FCD5A8461AAEF8AF" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[817,985,1831,1855]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 171, pl. 5, figs 14, 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7D3377FF73A8051B6EF867" blockId="74.[151,1437,1892,2039]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FF73A80518F3F8EC" bold="true" box="[151,388,1892,1916]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7D3377FE6EA8051A1FF8EC" ID-CoL="4S3HC" authority=": Kluge 1906, p. 46" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1906" box="[394,872,1892,1916]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FE6EA8051BD1F8EC" box="[394,678,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FD56A8051A5DF8EC" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[690,810,1892,1916]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="31 - 55" refId="ref90813" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1906) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Untersuchungsfahrt des Deutschen Seefischerei-Vereins nach der Bareninsel und Westspitzbergen, ausgefurt im Sommer 1898 auf S. M. S. ' Olga'. VIII. Erganzungsbericht uber die von der ' Olga' - Expedition gesammelten Bryozoen. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Neue Folge, 8, 31 - 55." type="journal article" year="1906">Kluge 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 46
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1907, p. 196; 1908b, p. 553; 1915, p. 386; 1964, p. 190;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FF23A8E2183AF80B" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[199,333,1923,1947]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542; 1955, p. 38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FDC0A8E21B86F80B" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[548,753,1923,1947]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 455; 1964, p. 219;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FC30A8E21D2BF80B" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[980,1116,1923,1947]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 42;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FB42A8E21C08F80B" author="Sakagami, S. & Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T." box="[1190,1407,1923,1947]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="317 - 338" refId="ref95210" refString="Sakagami, S., Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T. (1980) Checklist and bibliography of Japanese Cenozoic fossil Ectoprocta (Bryozoa), 1935 - 1978. In: Igo, H. & Noda, H. (Eds.), Professor Saburo Kanno Memorial Volume. University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, pp. 317 - 338." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Sakagami
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FAF5A8E51C4AF80B" box="[1297,1341,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 330;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FF1EA8C018D5F82A" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[250,418,1953,1978]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 13; 1990, p. 39; 2013, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FD13A8C31D72F82A" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[759,1029,1953,1978]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 359;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FBB8A8C01C7BF82A" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[1116,1292,1953,1978]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 174; 2002, p. 115; 2003b, p. 237;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FE55A8A11B18F848" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[433,623,1984,2008]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7D3377FE1BA8A01B5AF848" box="[511,557,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 195;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FD2EA8A11A8BF848" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[714,1020,1984,2008]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 118;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FBB1A8A11C74F848" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[1109,1283,1984,2008]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 203;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FAB9A8A0198BF867" author="Foster, N. R." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7D3377FEA3A8BE18BFF867" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[327,456,2015,2039]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 153.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B7C3376FF73A90E1B1EF860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" targetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7C3376FF73A90E1B1EF860" blockId="75.[151,1437,1647,2032]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7C3376FF73A90E1856F917" bold="true" box="[151,289,1647,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7C3376FECCA90E1BAEF917" authority="Lorenz, 1886" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[296,729,1647,1671]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7C3376FECCA90E1B30F917" box="[296,583,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7C3376FDAAA9111BAEF917" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[590,729,1647,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B7B3371FF73AFF71DE7FC86" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF73AFF71987FED1" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FF73AFF718F7FF20" bold="true" box="[151,384,150,176]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FE63AFF61879FF69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405393" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="170" location="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="NHMW 92535" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FE63AFF61883FF20" box="[391,500,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B7B3371FE63AFF61883FF20" box="[391,500,151,176]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B7B3371FDE6AFF61BDDFF21" box="[514,682,150,177]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">NHMW 92535</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.51), single colony encrusting shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7B3371FB22AFF61871FF45" authority=", L. Lorenz" authorityName="L. Lorenz" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="islandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FB22AFF61CE1FF21" box="[1222,1430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Chlamys islandica</emphasis>
|
||
, L. Lorenz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FEEBAFDA18F0FF45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FEEBAFDA18F0FF45" box="[271,391,187,213]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FE77AFDA1A36FF45" box="[403,833,187,213]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7B3371FC3EAFDA1D2EFF45" box="[986,1113,187,213]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FB4FAFDA1C5AFF45" box="[1195,1325,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B7B3371FB4FAFDA1C5AFF45" box="[1195,1325,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160–180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FF73AFBE1879FF69" box="[151,270,223,249]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FEF3AFBE1987FED1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405416" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="170" location="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="NHMW 92536" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FEF3AFBE18C3FF69" box="[279,436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B7B3371FEF3AFBE18C3FF69" box="[279,436,223,249]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B7B3371FE21AFBE1B07FF69" box="[453,624,222,249]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">NHMW 92536</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.51), single colony encrusting shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7B3371FB45AFBE1991FE8D" authority=", L. Lorenz" authorityName="L. Lorenz" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="islandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FB45AFBE1C03FF69" box="[1185,1396,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Chlamys islandica</emphasis>
|
||
, L. Lorenz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FF0BAE621810FE8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FF0BAE621810FE8D" box="[239,359,259,285]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FE97AE621A55FE8D" box="[371,802,259,285]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7B3371FC58AE621D4CFE8D" box="[956,1083,259,285]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FB6AAE621C67FE8D" box="[1166,1296,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B7B3371FB6AAE621C67FE8D" box="[1166,1296,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160–180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FA6CAE621987FED1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23AE2A1BC5FD39" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FF23AE2A1B30FE3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405478" collectionCode="NHMUK, NHML" collectorName="Svalbard & Jan Mayen" location="west Spitsbergen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FF23AE2A1846FEF5" box="[199,305,331,357]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(1911.10.1.1585
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FE1BAE2A1B21FEF5" box="[511,598,331,357]" country="Libya" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">NHML</collectionCode>
|
||
), two colonies, ex
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FCD2AE2A1C43FEF5" box="[822,1332,331,357]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Vienna Museum Natural History Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FA60AE2A199EFE19" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">L. Lorenz</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FF17AE0E1B66FE19" box="[243,529,367,393]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, Jan Mayen. SMNH-131116, one colony,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FC03AE0E1C60FE19" box="[999,1303,367,393]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Swedish Arctic Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1858,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FA8DAE0E1869FE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FA8DAE0E1869FE3D" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="west Spitsbergen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">west Spitsbergen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7B3371FECFAEF21B30FE3D" box="[299,583,403,429]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FDB0AEF21AD4FE3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405445" box="[596,931,402,429]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="ZIRAS 25" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B7B3371FDB0AEF21BBFFE3D" box="[596,712,402,429]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">ZIRAS 25</specimenCode>
|
||
/50111, one colony
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FC54AEF2186CFE65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405454" collectingDate="1991-07-22" collectionCode="KIENM" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="20" latitude="55.021667" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="166.10333" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FC54AEF21D7BFE3D" box="[944,1036,403,429]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FBF1AEF21DFAFE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FBF1AEF21DFAFE3D" box="[1045,1165,403,429]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="55.021667" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="166.10333" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FB7DAEF21DC9FE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FB7DAEF21DC9FE3D" box="[1177,1214,403,429]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="55.021667" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="166.10333" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Stn" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Stn</location>
|
||
208,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B7B3371FAE5AEF21CE0FE3D" box="[1281,1431,403,429]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1991-07-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B7B3371FAE5AEF21CE0FE3D" box="[1281,1431,403,429]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1991-07-22">22 July 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FF73AED61819FE41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FF73AED61819FE41" box="[151,366,439,465]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="55.021667" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="166.10333" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Podutesnaya Bight" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Podutesnaya Bight</location>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FDA5AED61BABFE41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FDA5AED61BABFE41" box="[577,732,439,465]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="55.021667" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="166.10333" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Bering Island" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bering Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B7B3371FD0CAED61ABAFE41" box="[744,973,439,465]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B7B3371FC3DAED61D0EFE41" box="[985,1145,439,465]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FB62AED91C74FE41" box="[1158,1283,439,467]" degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="01.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="55.021667">55°01.3ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FAF4AED91CE0FE41" box="[1296,1431,439,467]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="06.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="166.10333">166°06.2ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FF3AAEBA186CFE65" box="[222,283,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B7B3371FF3AAEBA186CFE65" box="[222,283,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FECCAEBA18FFFE65" box="[296,392,475,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FE1BAEBA1BD0FE65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405481" box="[511,679,475,501]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Oshurkov" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FE1BAEBA1B64FE65" box="[511,531,475,501]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FDF3AEBA1B5CFE65" box="[535,555,475,501]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FDD3AEBA1BD0FE65" box="[567,679,475,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Oshurkov</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FD57AEBA1A29FDAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405332" collectingDate="1992-07-16" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Bering Sea" elevation="15" latitude="54.69" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.78667" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="ZIRAS 26" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B7B3371FD57AEBA1A5FFE65" box="[691,808,474,501]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">ZIRAS 26</specimenCode>
|
||
/50112, one colony encrusting bivalve shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7B3371FAA4AEBA1838FD89" authority=", KIENM" authorityName="KIENM" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FAA4AEBA1992FD88" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Hiatella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
, KIENM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FEB1AE9E18BAFD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FEB1AE9E18BAFD89" box="[341,461,511,537]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.69" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.78667" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FE33AE9E188BFD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FE33AE9E188BFD89" box="[471,508,511,537]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.69" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.78667" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Stn" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Stn</location>
|
||
91,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B7B3371FDC8AE9E1BC9FD89" box="[556,702,511,537]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1992-07-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B7B3371FDC8AE9E1BC9FD89" box="[556,702,511,537]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1992-07-16">16 July 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FD2CAE9E1AE8FD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FD2CAE9E1AE8FD89" box="[712,927,511,537]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.69" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.78667" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Korabelnaya Bight" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Korabelnaya Bight</location>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FB8EAE9E1C70FD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FB8EAE9E1C70FD89" box="[1130,1287,511,537]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.69" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.78667" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Medny Island" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Medny Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B7B3371FAF6AE9E199EFDAD" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B7B3371FF18AD4218F5FDAD" box="[252,386,547,573]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FE72AD451B6DFDAD" box="[406,538,547,575]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="41.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="54.69">54°41.4ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FDC9AD451BCCFDAD" box="[557,699,547,575]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="47.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="167.78667">167°47.2ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FCF8AD431A29FDAD" box="[796,862,546,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B7B3371FCF8AD431A29FDAD" box="[796,862,546,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FC96AD421AA5FDAD" box="[882,978,547,573]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FBB1AD421C57FDAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405328" box="[1109,1312,547,573]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Shalukhanov" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FBB1AD421D1BFDAD" box="[1109,1132,547,573]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.I.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FB68AD421C57FDAD" box="[1164,1312,547,573]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Shalukhanov</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FAD6AD421CEBFDAD" box="[1330,1436,547,573]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2013.10.21.7b, one colony encrusting oyster shell,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B7B3371FD36AD261836FD39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405396" collectingDate="2011-07-16" collectionCode="RV" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="11" latitude="51.74" location="Norseman" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FD36AD261B81FDF1" box="[722,758,583,609]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FD19AD261A07FDF0" box="[765,880,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FD19AD261A07FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FD19AD261A07FDF0" box="[765,880,583,608]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Norseman" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Norseman</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FC9AAD261AD4FDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FC9AAD261AD4FDF1" box="[894,931,583,609]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Stn" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Stn</location>
|
||
AST–2,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B7B3371FBE3AD261DEEFDF1" box="[1031,1177,583,609]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="2011-07-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B7B3371FBE3AD261DEEFDF1" box="[1031,1177,583,609]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="2011-07-16">16 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, reef in middle of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FA82AD2619B2FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FA82AD2619B2FD15" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Boot Bay" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Boot Bay</location>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FE73AD0A1B54FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FE73AD0A1B54FD15" box="[407,547,619,645]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Adak Island" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Adak Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B7B3371FDCAAD0A1A77FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B7D3370FF73A9451997F971:8EFFC4B90B7B3371FDCAAD0A1A77FD15" box="[558,768,619,645]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Andreanof Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Andreanof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B7B3371FCEFAD0A1AB1FD15" box="[779,966,619,645]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B7B3371FC36AD0A1D05FD15" box="[978,1138,619,645]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FB9BAD0D1D8AFD15" box="[1151,1277,619,647]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="44.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="51.74">51°44.4ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B7B3371FAEDAD0D1CEFFD15" box="[1289,1432,619,647]" degrees="176" direction="west" minutes="30.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="92" value="-176.505">176°30.3ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FF38ADEE1836FD39" box="[220,321,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B7B3371FF38ADEE1836FD39" box="[220,321,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FEA9ADEE18DAFD39" box="[333,429,655,681]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B7B3371FDC6ADEE1BC5FD39" box="[546,690,655,681]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. Kuklinski.</collectorName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23ADD31DE7FC86" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FF23ADD318CCFD5C" bold="true" box="[199,443,690,716]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B7B3371FE26ADD21B1BFD5D" box="[450,620,691,717]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="generic">131 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FD93ADD21BA4FD5D" box="[631,723,691,717]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1991) Stns 186, 210, 225; (1992) Stns 4, 5, 37, 38, 39, 54, 58, 64, 88, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98, 99, 126, 127, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145, 147, 150, 151;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FB2AADB61C57FD61" box="[1230,1312,727,753]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1991) Stns 17, 20; A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B7B3371FE69AD9A18D4FC85" box="[397,419,763,789]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Grischenko Collection (1991) Stn 17 (see Appendix 1 for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B7B3370FF23AC7E1DBBFCCD" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23AC7E1DA0FC35" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FF23AC7E1809FCA9" bold="true" box="[199,382,799,825]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
ZIRAS 26/50112, Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FB9AAC7E1C28FCA9" box="[1150,1375,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23A–F, H, I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.52–0.88 (0.67 ± 0.09). ZW, 0.33–0.48 (0.39 ± 0.04). ZD, 0.34–0.40 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FC52AC221AB3FCCC" box="[950,964,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.12–0.20 (0.16 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.15–0.21 (0.19 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.20–0.33 (0.27 ± 0.04). OeW, 0.30–0.40 (0.35 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.08–0.25 (0.16 ± 0.04). Sp(or)L, 0.24–0.90 (0.51 ± 0.17) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FDBBACEA1B1AFC34" box="[607,621,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). P(m)N, 9–13 (10). P(oe)N, 21–29 (25) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FB9BACEA1DFAFC34" box="[1151,1165,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23ACCE1DFDFBA5" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
NHMUK 2013.10.21.7b, Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, Pacific Ocean. ZL, 0.37–0.72 (0.52 ± 0.07). ZW, 0.20–0.43 (0.33 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.32–0.38 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FD87ACB21B06FC7C" box="[611,625,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.14–0.20 (0.16 ± 0.01). OrW, 0.14–0.23 (0.19 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.20–0.48 (0.25 ± 0.05) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FE54AC9618C9FB80" box="[432,446,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23). OeW, 0.22–0.56 (0.30 ± 0.06) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FC8AAC961A0BFB80" box="[878,892,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 25). Av(s)L, 0.11–0.36 (0.18 ± 0.06). Sp(or)L, 0.05–0.10 (0.08 ± 0.01) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FE55AB7A18C8FBA4" box="[433,447,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 16). P(m)N, 6–15 (10) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FD0CAB7A1B81FBA4" box="[744,758,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15). P(oe)N, 12–27 (24) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FBD6AB7A1D37FBA4" box="[1074,1088,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23AB5E1855FBED" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
NHMW 1884.II.51,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7B3371FE4EAB5E1B54FBC9" box="[426,547,1087,1113]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDD5AB5E1BE0FBC9" box="[561,663,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-497@80.[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ancestrulae with periancestrular zooids in colonies of three Rhamphostomella species. A. R. scabra, A.V. Grischenko Collection (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk). B. R. sibirica, P. Kuklinski Collection (Beringian coastal waters of Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, western Aleutian Islands). C. R. spinigera, Paralectotype, NHMW 92536 (Jan Mayen), initial part of colony. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544578/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||
). AnL, 0.44 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FCCDAB5E1A40FBC8" box="[809,823,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). AnW, 0.34 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FC19AB5E1D7CFBC8" box="[1021,1035,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). AnOpL, 0.30 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FB08AB5E1D8DFBC8" box="[1260,1274,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). AnOpW, 0.24 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FF3DAB021990FBEC" box="[217,231,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23ABE71B28FA9D" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7B3371FF23ABE7182EFB30" bold="true" box="[199,345,1158,1184]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FCB9ABE61AB2FB31" box="[861,965,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
), small, more or less circular, attaining
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7B3371FA65ABE619B4FB55" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension, red to bright brown when alive, light brown to pale-yellow when dry. Zooids mediumsized, hexagonal to oval, arranged in quincunx, demarcated by fine sutures between transverse and lateral walls; sutures less visible in older colony parts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23AA761DEBFA51" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDE4AA761B0AFAA1" box="[512,637,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, moderately convex, covered with small pointed tubercles giving reticulate appearance to zooids. Oval and round areolae along zooidal margins separated by low, short interareolar ridges in distal half of marginal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDBEAA3E1BB4FAE9" box="[602,707,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
); these ridges absent or strongly reduced in older parts of colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FF44AAE2185FFA0D" box="[160,296,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interior of frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDBFAAE21BC1FA0D" box="[603,694,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23I</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows relatively small umbonuloid component, occupying about 30% of length of frontal shield (31% in one measured zooid). Ring scar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FC2CAAC61D59FA51" box="[968,1070,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23K</figureCitation>
|
||
) discrete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23AAAA1D82F971" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FE61AAAA1B58FA75" box="[389,559,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) irregularly quadrangular to transversely oval, with gently straight sides and broadly rounded angles; its distal and lateral margins formed by upper part of distal transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FAEBAA8E19DDF9BD" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23A, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of orifice almost straight or shallow rounded, proximal margin bisinuate, with prominent, median lyrula, normally bifurcate, but sometimes trifid or with four tips. Two triangular acute processes lateral to lyrula. Condyles absent. Four articulated oral spines, medial two of smaller diameter, located around distal curvature of orifice in non-ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FE1BA91E1BF4F909" box="[511,643,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Normally only two lateral spines found in ovicellate zooids, adjoining proximolateral corners of ooecia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDF5A9C21BE0F92D" box="[529,663,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
); 3–4 spines can be seen in some zooids with developing ooecia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FA8BA9C219BCF971" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral spines usually short in young zooids, and strongly elongated and thicker in older zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7B3371FF23A98A1BA9F829" blockId="76.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Secondary orifice transversely oval, cormidial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FD06A98A1A1AF895" box="[738,877,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B–H</figureCitation>
|
||
); its distolateral curvature slightly above primary orifice, being formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FC2AA86E1D4EF8B9" box="[974,1081,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterally and proximally it is constructed by thin-walled low peristome consisting of two roundly triangular flared lappets, one incorporating cystid of suboral avicularium and forming broad, deep U-shaped, asymmetrically placed pseudosinus in secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FF16A81A182BF805" box="[242,348,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23G</figureCitation>
|
||
); distally, lappets mounted to lateral walls of distolateral zooids, not fused with proximolateral corners of ooecia in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7B3371FDACA8FE1BA5F829" box="[584,722,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23B–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AFF61B70FEF5" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FDA6AFF61BA3FF21" box="[578,724,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, strongly elevated, with dimpled surface and single communication pore, asymmetrically situated on left or right near orifice margin. Frontal surface (rostral/ postmandibular areas) slightly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FD85AFBE1B9DFF69" box="[609,746,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), crossing zooidal midline, facing proximolaterally. Rostrum oblong oval, tapering distally, or triangular, pointed, occasionally hooked terminally, directed ditstolaterally and frontalwards. Palate semielliptical to triangular, with rounded distal end; foramen triangular with acute tip; opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AE0E1881FE19" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" box="[199,502,367,393]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AEF21DD9FD89" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FE2EAEF21B1BFE3D" box="[458,620,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23F–H, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), ooecium not overgrown by secondary calcification. Ooecium formed by distal autozooid; ooecial fold developing at colony periphery concurrently with formation of frontal shield of distal zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FF01AEBA1839FE65" box="[229,334,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium narrowing at proximolateral corners, with straight or weakly concave proximal margin that may have several minor wrinkles. Ectooecium with scattered small circular pseudopores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AD421C40FDF1" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by two mural pore chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FCFDAD421A0CFDAD" box="[793,891,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23L</figureCitation>
|
||
) in each distolateral wall. Communication pores spread through basal part of transverse walls either as horizontal “band” or form two multiporous septula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AD0A1853FD5D" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Basal surface of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FE0EAD0A1B3DFD15" box="[490,586,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-17@75.[213,1374,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 23. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. A–F, H, I, L. ZIRAS 26/50112 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). G, J, K. ZIRAS 25/50111 (Bering Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia. B. Orifice with two pairs of oral spines, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and suboral avicularium. C. Zooidal orifice with developing ooecium (partially seen), one pair of oral spines and suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate autozooids (number of oral spines varies from two to four). E. Non-ovicellate zooid (upper right corner) and two zooids with partially developed ooecia, possibly “aborted”. F. Zooids with developing ooecia. G. Ovicellate zooids, some with detached articulated oral spines (colony partially cleaned). H. Frontal view of distal part of ovicellate zooid. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing umbo, ring scar and areolae. J. Basal surface of colony. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar around exterior-wall microstructure of umbonuloid component, and lyrula with lateral denticles. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, oral spines, peristomial lappet and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, J, 500 μm; B, C, E, F, H, I, 100 μm; D, G, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544574/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 23J</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, smooth, inflated, lacking white spots and protuberances. Boundaries between zooids indicated basally by deep undulating grooves laterally and indistinct sutures transversely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23ADB61DBBFCCD" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Ancestrula tatiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B7A3370FE56ADB61B6FFD61" box="[434,536,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-497@80.[151,1436,1389,1793]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ancestrulae with periancestrular zooids in colonies of three Rhamphostomella species. A. R. scabra, A.V. Grischenko Collection (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk). B. R. sibirica, P. Kuklinski Collection (Beringian coastal waters of Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, western Aleutian Islands). C. R. spinigera, Paralectotype, NHMW 92536 (Jan Mayen), initial part of colony. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544578/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||
), longitudinally oval, with fully calcified basal wall. Opesia longitudinally oval, with eight periopesial spines evenly distributed around opesial margin. Ancestrula budding triplet of periancestrular zooids distally and distolaterally (right zooid undeveloped); periancestrular zooids similar to but smaller than subsequent zooids, bearing four hollow articulated oral spines around distal curvature of orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B7A3370FF23AC061A23FC35" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23AC061A23FC35" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF23AC06184CFC11" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the constant presence of long oral spines
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FCD4AC061ACEFC10" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[816,953,871,897]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FCD4AC061A36FC10" box="[816,833,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FCABAC061ACEFC10" box="[847,953,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FBD3AC061DC1FC11" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[1079,1206,871,897]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="echinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FBD3AC061D3FFC10" box="[1079,1096,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FBB2AC061DC1FC11" box="[1110,1206,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">echinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FB5AAC061D8AFC11" bold="true" box="[1214,1277,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267F30B0B7A3370FB5AAC061D8AFC11" box="[1214,1277,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but differs in having the frontal shield tuberculate vs tessellated in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B7A3370FF23ACCE1AD9FB55" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23ACCE1D92FBED" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF23ACCE185BFC59" bold="true" box="[199,300,943,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FED1ACCE1B05FC58" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[309,626,943,969]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FED1ACCE1B05FC58" box="[309,626,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B7A3370FC77ACCE1A8EFC59" box="[915,1017,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.205" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="0.06999999999999999" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="120.5" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="7.0">7–234 m</quantity>
|
||
depth on hard bottoms such as rock faces (including crevices), boulders and blocks, encrusting shells of bivalve molluscs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FB68ACB21C36FC7C" box="[1164,1345,979,1005]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FB68ACB21C36FC7C" box="[1164,1345,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Hiatella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FAB7ACB2185AFB81" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Bivalvia" family="Anomiidae" genus="Monia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macrochisma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FAB7ACB2185AFB81" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Monia macrochisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc.), gastropods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FDEEAC961A54FB80" box="[522,803,1015,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Naticidae" genus="Cryptonatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jantostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FDEEAC961A54FB80" box="[522,803,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cryptonatica jantostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and others), barnacles, tubes of serpulid and spirorbid polychaetes, bryozoans (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FE49AB7A1BEFFBA5" baseAuthorityName="Kluge" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[429,664,1051,1077]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriapora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FE49AB7A1BEFFBA5" box="[429,664,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Myriapora orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lichenoporid cyclostomes) and calcareous red algae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FB13AB7A19CEFBC9" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hapalidiaceae" genus="Lithothamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FB13AB7A1CEBFBA5" box="[1271,1436,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Lithothamnion</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is also known as a component of the cryptic community met in the cavities formed by the crustose coralline red alga
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FF1CAB021B23FBEC" authorityName="Lebednik" authorityYear="1977" box="[248,596,1123,1149]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hapalidiaceae" genus="Clathromorphum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="nereostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF1CAB021B23FBEC" box="[248,596,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Clathromorphum nereostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has been found on the brown alga
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FBE8AB021DA8FBED" box="[1036,1247,1123,1149]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Costariaceae" genus="Agarum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="clathratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FBE8AB021DA8FBED" box="[1036,1247,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Agarum clathratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23ABE61AD9FB55" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF23ABE6182BFB31" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[199,348,1159,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE88ABE718D2FB31" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[364,421,1158,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) noted that colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FD21ABE61A24FB30" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[709,851,1159,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FD21ABE61BA1FB30" box="[709,726,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FD0DABE61A24FB30" box="[745,851,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
loosely overgrow the substratum. In contrast, we observed colonies of this species tightly attached to various substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B7A3370FF23ABAF1997F971" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23ABAF1DE1F90A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF23ABAF1816FB78" bold="true" box="[199,353,1230,1256]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a high-boreal-Arctic, sublittoral species. Numerous Arctic records were summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF73AB921853FA9D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,292,1267,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FEC9AB931811FA9D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[301,358,1266,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE7BAB921BA2FA9D" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[415,725,1267,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the Arctic it has been reported from the Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FACBAB9219A8FAA1" author="Bidenkap, O." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF0FAA76180BFAA1" author="Waters, A. W." box="[235,380,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="43 - 105" refId="ref96153" refString="Waters, A. W. (1900) Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896 - 1897. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Series, 28, 43 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 01745. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Waters 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE6DAA761B32FAA1" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[393,581,1302,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FDB6AA761BADFAA1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[594,730,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="31 - 55" refId="ref90813" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1906) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Untersuchungsfahrt des Deutschen Seefischerei-Vereins nach der Bareninsel und Westspitzbergen, ausgefurt im Sommer 1898 auf S. M. S. ' Olga'. VIII. Erganzungsbericht uber die von der ' Olga' - Expedition gesammelten Bryozoen. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Neue Folge, 8, 31 - 55." type="journal article" year="1906">Kluge 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD03AA761A55FAA1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[743,802,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FCCAAA771A1EFAA1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[814,873,1302,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FC93AA761D45FAA1" author="Kuznetsov, V. V." box="[887,1074,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="114 - 139" refId="ref92017" refString="Kuznetsov, V. V. (1941) The dynamic of the biocenoses Microporella ciliata in the Barents Sea. Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 7, 114 - 139. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1941">Kuznetsov 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FBA4AA761D8CFAA1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1088,1275,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FAE3AA761C34FAA1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1287,1347,1303,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), White Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF35AA5A182CFAC5" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[209,347,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="181 - 204" refId="ref90875" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1907) Kritische Erorterungen zu den Bryozoologischen Arbeiten von K. Chworostansky. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 181 - 204." type="journal article" year="1907">Kluge 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE8EAA5A1B39FAC5" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[362,590,1338,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FDB8AA5A1BE0FAC5" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[604,663,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD41AA5A1A8BFAC5" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[677,1020,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FB6FAA5A1C3DFAC5" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1163,1354,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref93080" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1912) Bryozoaires. Duc d'Orleans Campagne Arctiques de 1907. Charles Bulens, Bruxelles, 43 pp." type="book" year="1912">Nordgaard 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FABCAA5A19A5FAE9" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF39AA3F186FFAE9" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[221,280,1374,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2021), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD99AA3E1ADCFAE9" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[637,939,1375,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FBBFAA3E1D99FAE9" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1115,1262,1375,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE7CAAE21B47FA0D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[408,560,1410,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FDD9AAE31B0FFA0D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[573,632,1410,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FC02AAE21DD3FA0D" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[998,1188,1411,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FB55AAE21C30FA0D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1201,1351,1411,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">Osburn 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FAB0AAE21CE7FA0E" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1364,1424,1411,1438]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FEC6AAC618CCFA52" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[290,443,1447,1474]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD80AAC61B9BFA51" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[612,748,1447,1473]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD1CAAC71A44FA51" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[760,819,1446,1473]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FCDBAAC61AA0FA52" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[831,983,1447,1474]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Labrador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FB84AAC61CE7FA51" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1120,1424,1447,1473]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7A3370FF1CAAAA181AFA75" box="[248,365,1483,1509]" name="Greenland" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Henning 1896;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FDD0AAAA1BBCFA75" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[564,715,1483,1509]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="546 - 554" refId="ref90946" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 b) Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 546 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FD3DAAAA1A06FA75" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[729,881,1483,1509]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FC9BAAAA1DCFFA75" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[895,1208,1483,1509]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7A3370FACCAAAA1CEAFA75" box="[1320,1437,1483,1509]" name="Greenland" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF7BAA8E183FF999" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[159,328,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="432 - 472" refId="ref92264" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1916) Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Gronlands Nordostkyst 1906 - 1908. Bryozoa. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 43, 432 - 472." type="journal article" year="1916">Levinsen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FEB6AA8E1B09F999" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[338,638,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7A3370FD74AA8E1A72F999" box="[656,773,1519,1545]" name="Greenland" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FCA4AA8E1D1DF999" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[832,1130,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7A3370FB9FAA8E1C49F999" box="[1147,1342,1519,1545]" name="Jan Mayen Island" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Jan Mayen Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FAAFAA8E19A4F9BE" author="Lorenz, L. von" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Norwegian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE40A9721BA1F9BD" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[420,726,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Franz Josef Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FC59A9721D0FF9BD" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[957,1144,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FAA9A9721866F9C1" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar et
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF57A95619BEF9C1" box="[179,201,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FEF9A95618AAF9C2" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[285,477,1591,1618]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Pacific it has been documented in the Bering Sea from the shelf of the Commander Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FE28A93A1BE7F9E5" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[460,656,1627,1653]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002, 2003b; our data). Northeastern Pacific localities include Canoe Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF37A91E181DF909" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[211,362,1662,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Cook Inlet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FDE7A91E1BFBF909" author="Foster, N. R." box="[515,652,1663,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska (our data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B7A3370FF23A9C21997F971" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B7A3370FF23A9C21823F92C" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[199,340,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF23A9C219AFF92C" box="[199,216,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B7A3370FF0EA9C21823F92C" box="[234,340,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been reported from Miocene and Neogene deposits in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B7A3370FB43A9C21D90F92D" box="[1191,1255,1699,1725]" name="Japan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FB1DA9C21CEFF92D" author="Hayami, T." box="[1273,1432,1699,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="316 - 336" refId="ref90291" refString="Hayami, T. (1970) Miocene Bryozoa from southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 79, 316 - 336." type="journal article" year="1970">Hayami 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B7A3370FF73A9A719A4F971" author="Hayami, T." box="[151,211,1734,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref90359" refString="Hayami, T. (1975) Neogene Bryozoa from northern Japan. Science Reports of the Tohuku University, Sendai, Series 2, Geology, 45, 83 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |