632 lines
123 KiB
XML
632 lines
123 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="33D632D6028AB4E745BAF32070CF3FB4">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF73AD761B60FDA2" bold="true" box="[151,535,535,562]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFDFAAD791AB8FDA2" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[542,975,536,562]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFF7BAD5D1981FDC6" box="[159,246,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFEE6AD5D1859FDC6" box="[258,302,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">30F</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF73ADE118AEFD08" box="[151,473,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFE04ADE11A3DFD09" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[480,842,640,665]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 44
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, pl. 4, fig. 34.
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF73ADFE18ACFD27" box="[151,475,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
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:
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, p. 430
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, pl. 50, fig. 4;
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, p. 172
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 103;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B07330DFB23ADFE1CEFFD27" author="Hayami, T." box="[1223,1432,671,695]" page="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1973">
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, p. 51
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; 1975, p. 89, pl. 17, fig.4.
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|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF73AD9A18FFFC83" bold="true" box="[151,392,763,787]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B07330DFE75AD9A1A86FC83" ID-CoL="4S3GZ" authority=": Kluge et al. 1959, p. 213" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1959" box="[401,1009,763,787]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFE75AD9A1BA1FC83" box="[401,726,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFD01AD9A1AE8FC83" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[741,927,763,787]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFCC8AD9D1A2CFC83" box="[812,859,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 213
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFC1AAD9A1D0DFC83" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1022,1146,763,787]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 141;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFB3DAD9A1C24FC83" author="Lukin, V. I." box="[1241,1363,763,787]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="11 - 60" refId="ref92381" refString="Lukin, V. I. (1979) Macrobenthic communities of the upper subtidal zone off Simushir Island. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the Shelf of the Kuril Islands. Nauka, Moscow, USSR, pp. 11 - 60. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Lukin 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 37;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFF23AC7B183FFCA2" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[199,328,794,818]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="234 - 248" refId="ref88158" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1979) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata in shallow water off Simushir Island. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the Shelf of the Kuril Islands. Nauka, Moscow, USSR, pp. 234 - 248 [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Gontar 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 246; 1980, p. 13; 1992, p. 197; 1993b, p. 202;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFCD3AC7B1D7BFCA2" author="Sakagami, S. & Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T." box="[823,1036,794,818]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="317 - 338" refId="ref95210" refString="Sakagami, S., Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T. (1980) Checklist and bibliography of Japanese Cenozoic fossil Ectoprocta (Bryozoa), 1935 - 1978. In: Igo, H. & Noda, H. (Eds.), Professor Saburo Kanno Memorial Volume. University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, pp. 317 - 338." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Sakagami
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFC44AC7A1ABBFCA2" box="[928,972,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 330;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFB84AC7B1C78FCA2" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[1120,1295,794,818]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 175; 2002, p. 115;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B07330DFEF7AC5918CCFCC1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[275,443,824,849]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="178 - 188" refId="ref87447" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2013) Phylum Bryozoa. Check-list of species of free-living invertebrates of the Russian Far Eastern Seas. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 75, 178 - 188." type="journal article" year="2013">Denisenko 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 184.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B07330DFF73AC1F1D1AFA6E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF73AC1F1B4CFC72" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF73AC1F18F3FC08" bold="true" box="[151,388,894,920]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFE6BAC1E1B4CFC72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405398" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="C. H. O'Donoghue Collection" location="Vancouver Island" municipality="North America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="NHMUK 1964.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFE6BAC1E188BFC08" box="[399,508,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B07330DFE6BAC1E188BFC08" box="[399,508,895,920]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B07330DFDEAAC1E1BA4FC09" box="[526,723,895,921]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFDEAAC1E1B0FFC09" box="[526,632,895,921]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1964.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.2.7, single colony detached from sponge, fractured into three fragments (mounted on two
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFE34ACC21B7DFC2D" box="[464,522,931,957]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stubs),
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFDBBACC21ADDFC2D" box="[607,938,931,957]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C.H. O’Donoghue Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFB80ACC21C7DFC2D" box="[1124,1290,931,957]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">North America</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(presumably
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFF73ACA6182AFC71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFF73ACA6182AFC71" box="[151,349,967,993]" municipality="North America" name="Vancouver Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="British Columbia">Vancouver Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B07330DFE8CACA61B47FC72" box="[360,560,967,994]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF23AC8A1BECFA01" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFF23AC8A1836FBDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405306" collectingDate="1992-08-10" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Oshurkov" country="American Samoa" county="Bering Sea" elevation="46" latitude="54.746666" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B07330DFF23AC8A18FDFB95" box="[199,394,1002,1029]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFF23AC8A1846FB95" box="[199,305,1003,1029]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2010.2
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.9.5, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFD4FAC8A1A70FB95" box="[683,775,1003,1029]" collectionName="KIENM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFCE9AC8A1AF2FB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFCE9AC8A1AF2FB95" box="[781,901,1003,1029]" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Collection" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFC6AAC8A1AC4FB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFC6AAC8A1AC4FB95" box="[910,947,1003,1029]" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Stn" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stn</location>
|
||
152,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFC0BAC8A1DD6FB95" box="[1007,1185,1003,1029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-08-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B07330DFC0BAC8A1DD6FB95" box="[1007,1185,1003,1029]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-08-10">10 August 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFB4EAC8A1C33FB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFB4EAC8A1C33FB95" box="[1194,1348,1003,1029]" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Cape Gladkiy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cape Gladkiy</location>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFEE2AB6E18D4FBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFEE2AB6E18D4FBB9" box="[262,419,1039,1065]" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Medny Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Medny Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFE4BAB6E1BE5FBB9" box="[431,658,1039,1065]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B07330DFD7AAB6E1A6BFBB9" box="[670,796,1039,1065]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFCCCAB711AD3FBB9" box="[808,932,1039,1067]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="44.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="54.746666">54°44.8ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFC54AB711D41FBB9" box="[944,1078,1039,1067]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="45.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="167.755">167°45.3ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFB6CAB6E1DB4FBB9" box="[1160,1219,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="46.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B07330DFB6CAB6E1DB4FBB9" box="[1160,1219,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="46.0">46 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFB2BAB6E1C58FBB9" box="[1231,1327,1039,1065]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFF73AB5219DCFBDD" box="[151,171,1075,1101]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFF4BAB5219B4FBDD" box="[175,195,1075,1101]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFF28AB52184BFBDD" box="[204,316,1075,1101]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Oshurkov</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFEA1AB52185EFB05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405341" collectingDate="1992-08-10" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Oshurkov" country="American Samoa" county="Bering Sea" elevation="46" latitude="54.746666" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFEA1AB5218D8FBDD" box="[325,431,1075,1101]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2013.10.21.8b, one colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFD0CAB521A7BFBDD" box="[744,780,1075,1101]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFCF6AB521AF2FBDC" box="[786,901,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFCF6AB521AF2FBDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFCF6AB521AF2FBDC" box="[786,901,1075,1100]" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.77" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.42667" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Norseman" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norseman</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFC76AB521AC0FBDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFC76AB521AC0FBDD" box="[914,951,1075,1101]" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.77" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.42667" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Stn" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stn</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B07330DFC5FAB521A94FBDD" box="[955,995,1075,1101]" name="American Samoa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
–1,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFBECAB521DEFFBDD" box="[1032,1176,1075,1101]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-07-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B07330DFBECAB521DEFFBDD" box="[1032,1176,1075,1101]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-07-17">17 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFA84AB5219A9FBE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFA84AB5219A9FBE1" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.77" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.42667" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Adak Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Adak Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFF03AB3618C0FBE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFF03AB3618C0FBE1" box="[231,439,1111,1137]" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="51.77" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.42667" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="Andreanof Islands" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Andreanof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFE24AB361B0FFBE1" box="[448,632,1111,1137]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B07330DFD66AB361A57FBE1" box="[642,800,1111,1137]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFCCFAB391AD1FBE1" box="[811,934,1111,1139]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="46.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="51.77">51°46.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFC54AB391D4AFBE1" box="[944,1085,1111,1139]" degrees="176" direction="west" minutes="25.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="-176.42667">176°25.6ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFB6FAB361DB2FBE1" box="[1163,1221,1111,1137]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B07330DFB6FAB361DB2FBE1" box="[1163,1221,1111,1137]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFB34AB361C47FBE1" box="[1232,1328,1111,1137]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFF73AB1A185EFB05" box="[151,297,1147,1173]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. Kuklinski.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFED4AB1A1B64FB4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405404" collectingDate="1992-08-10" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="V. V. Oshurkov" country="American Samoa" county="Bering Sea" elevation="46" latitude="54.746666" location="Cape Gladkiy" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="1/50115" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFED4AB1A18F6FB05" box="[304,385,1147,1173]" collectionName="ZIRAS" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B07330DFE6DAB1B1891FB05" box="[393,486,1146,1173]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">1/50115</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFD0FAB1A1A30FB05" box="[747,839,1147,1173]" collectionName="KIENM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection, Stn 152,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFBDDAB1A1D98FB05" box="[1081,1263,1147,1173]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-08-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B07330DFBDDAB1A1D98FB05" box="[1081,1263,1147,1173]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-08-10">10 August 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFB1FAB1A1CEFFB05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFB1FAB1A1CEFFB05" box="[1275,1432,1147,1173]" country="American Samoa" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Cape Gladkiy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cape Gladkiy</location>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFEB8ABFE188CFB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFEB8ABFE188CFB29" box="[348,507,1183,1209]" country="American Samoa" county="Bering Sea" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Medny Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Medny Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFDE3ABFE1B9CFB29" box="[519,747,1183,1209]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B07330DFD13ABFE1A01FB29" box="[759,886,1183,1209]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFC66ABC11A88FB29" box="[898,1023,1183,1211]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="44.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="54.746666">54°44.8ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFBEFABC11DE5FB29" box="[1035,1170,1183,1211]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="45.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="167.755">167°45.3ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFB01ABFE1C56FB29" box="[1253,1313,1183,1209]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="46.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B07330DFB01ABFE1C56FB29" box="[1253,1313,1183,1209]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="46.0">46 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock face, SCUBA, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFE8DABA21B78FB4D" box="[361,527,1219,1245]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">V.V. Oshurkov</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFDFDABA21AE9FAB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405428" collectingDate="1991-09-10" collectingMethod="Sigsbee trawl" collectionCode="ZIRAS, PIBOC" collectorName="A. V. Smirnov" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="103" latitude="54.746666" location="Akademik Oparin" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Lesser Kuril Ridge" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="2/50116" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFDFDABA21B1DFB4D" box="[537,618,1219,1245]" collectionName="ZIRAS" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B07330DFD94ABA31BBAFB4D" box="[624,717,1218,1245]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">2/50116</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFC2FABA21D6AFB4D" box="[971,1053,1219,1245]" collectionName="PIBOC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFB34ABA21CE2FB4D" box="[1232,1429,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFB34ABA21CE2FB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFB34ABA21CE2FB4D" box="[1232,1429,1219,1245]" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Lesser Kuril Ridge" name="Akademik Oparin" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Akademik Oparin</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 14th
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFF37AB861826FA91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFF37AB861826FA91" box="[211,337,1255,1281]" country="American Samoa" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="Lesser Kuril Ridge" name="Expedition" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Expedition</location>
|
||
, Stn 91,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B07330DFE5EAB861BEBFA91" box="[442,668,1255,1281]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1991-09-10">
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFE5EAB861BEBFA91" box="[442,668,1255,1281]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1991-09-10">10 September 1991</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, coastal waters of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFC46AB861DF7FA91" box="[930,1152,1255,1281]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lesser Kuril Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B07330DFB6AAB861C47FA91" box="[1166,1328,1255,1281]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFADAAB8919D9FAB5" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="25.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="43.421665">43°25.3ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFF5FAA6D1835FAB5" box="[187,322,1291,1319]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="25.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="146.42334">146°25.4ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFE72AA6A1897FAB5" box="[406,480,1291,1317]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="103.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B07330DFE72AA6A1897FAB5" box="[406,480,1291,1317]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="103.0">103 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B07330DFE09AA6A1BFFFAB5" box="[493,648,1291,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sigsbee trawl</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFD19AA6A1AEDFAB5" box="[765,922,1291,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A.V. Smirnov</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFC42AA6A1BE0FA01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405304" collectingDate="2011-07-26" collectingMethod="Sigsbee trawl" collectionCode="ZIRAS, IMB" collectorName="A. P. Tsurpalo & A. V. Chernyshev" country="American Samoa" county="Sea of Okhotsk" elevation="0" latitude="54.746666" location="Akademik Oparin" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="South Kuril Islands" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="4/50547" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFC42AA6A1A80FAB5" box="[934,1015,1291,1317]" collectionName="ZIRAS" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B07330DFC1BAA6B1D2AFAB5" box="[1023,1117,1290,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">4/50547</specimenCode>
|
||
, ten colony fragments,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFA83AA6A1CEBFAB5" box="[1383,1436,1291,1317]" collectionName="IMB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">IMB</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFEADAA4E1B66FAD9" box="[329,529,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFEADAA4E1B66FAD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFEADAA4E1B66FAD9" box="[329,529,1327,1353]" country="American Samoa" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="South Kuril Islands" name="Akademik Oparin" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Akademik Oparin</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 41st Expedition, Stn 55/47,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B07330DFC86AA4E1A8FFAD9" box="[866,1016,1327,1353]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-07-26">
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFC86AA4E1A8FFAD9" box="[866,1016,1327,1353]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1947-07-26">26 July 2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, westward from
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B07330DFB5DAA4E1C39FAD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B07330DFB5DAA4E1C39FAD9" box="[1209,1358,1327,1353]" country="American Samoa" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="54.746666" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.755" municipality="South Kuril Islands" name="Iturup Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Iturup Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B07330DFABFAA4E185CFAFD" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">South Kuril Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B07330DFED2AA321892FAFD" box="[310,485,1363,1389]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sea of Okhotsk</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFE0BAA351B1CFAFD" box="[495,619,1363,1391]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="01.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="45.02">45°01.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B07330DFD92AA351B8DFAFD" box="[630,762,1363,1391]" degrees="147" direction="east" minutes="00.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="92" value="147.015">147°00.9ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
– 45°01.5ʹ N, 147°01.3ʹ E, depth 150–
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B07330DFB4EAA331D84FAFD" box="[1194,1267,1362,1389]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFB4EAA331D84FAFD" box="[1194,1267,1362,1389]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="150.0">350 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B07330DFB1AAA321CEFFAFD" box="[1278,1432,1363,1389]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sigsbee trawl</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFEEDAA1618D6FA01" box="[265,417,1399,1425]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A.P. Tsurpalo</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B07330DFE31AA161BE0FA01" box="[469,663,1399,1425]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A.V. Chernyshev</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF23AAFB1D1AFA6E" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF23AAFB18CCFA24" bold="true" box="[199,443,1434,1460]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFE27AAFA1D07FA49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405367" collectionCode="IMB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="37">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B07330DFE27AAFA1B29FA25" box="[451,606,1435,1461]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFD8EAAFA1BE8FA25" box="[618,671,1435,1461]" collectionName="IMB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">IMB</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1972) Stn 31/93; (1973) Stns 108/284, 173/408; (2011) Stns
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B07330DFF34AADE1874FA49" box="[208,259,1471,1497]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-12-07">11/7</date>
|
||
, 16/12, 18/14, 22/17, 29/24, 31/26, 37/32, 39/34, 43/38, 48/42, 55/47, 56/48;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFB9DAADE1990FA6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405390" collectionCode="PIBOC" municipality="Collection" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFB9DAADE1DBCFA49" box="[1145,1227,1471,1497]" collectionName="PIBOC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1991) Stn 17;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B07330DFF0AAA821D1EFA6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405473" box="[238,1129,1506,1534]" collectionCode="KIENM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B07330DFF0AAA82183DFA6D" box="[238,330,1507,1533]" collectionName="KIENM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1992) Stns 127, 142, 150, 152 (see Appendix 1 for details)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B07330FFF23A9661BCFF909" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF23A9661B77F91D" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF23A9661809F9B1" bold="true" box="[199,382,1543,1569]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK 1964.1.2.7, Pacific coast of North America (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFC13A9661DD0F9B1" box="[1015,1191,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 14A, F, K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFB50A9661D93F9B1" box="[1204,1252,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">30F</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.64–0.95 (0.81 ± 0.08). ZW, 0.35–0.56 (0.44 ± 0.06). ZD, 0.34–0.37 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFCDBA94A1A3AF9D4" box="[831,845,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.17–0.25 (0.22 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.20–0.28 (0.24 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.21–0.28 (0.24 ± 0.02). OeW, 0.30–0.40 (0.36 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.17–0.36 (0.27 ± 0.05). P(m)N, 11–16 (14). P(oe)N, 11–17 (15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF23A9F618BBF88D" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
ZIRAS 1/50115, Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFC4EA9F61D30F921" box="[938,1095,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14D, E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.87–1.38 (1.11 ± 0.14). ZW, 0.37–0.63 (0.50 ± 0.07). ZD, 0.35–0.39 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFD79A9DA1BDCF944" box="[669,683,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.18–0.32 (0.24 ± 0.05). OrW, 0.20–0.35 (0.27 ± 0.04). OeL, 0.23–0.32 (0.28 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.27–0.42 (0.33 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.29–0.55 (0.43 ± 0.07). P(m)N, 12–20 (16). P(oe)N, 9–16 (15) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFE90A86218F5F88C" box="[372,386,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330DFF23A8461B85F83D" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
ZIRAS 4/50547, Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFC9BA8461DDFF8D1" box="[895,1192,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14B, C, G, H, J, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 1.05–1.58 (1.30 ± 0.15). ZW, 0.52–0.70 (0.60 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.46–0.52 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFD0BA82A1B8AF8F4" box="[751,765,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.24–0.31 (0.27 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFB6AA82A1DEBF8F4" box="[1166,1180,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). OrW, 0.24–0.29 (0.26 ± 0.01) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFEA5A80E1838F818" box="[321,335,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). OeL, 0.31–0.38 (0.35 ± 0.02). OeW, 0.35–0.44 (0.40 ± 0.02). Av(s)L, 0.39–0.53 (0.46 ± 0.03). P(m)N, 18–26 (22). P(oe), 13–20 (18) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFD7EA8F21BDFF83C" box="[666,680,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B07330FFF23A8D71BA6FF45" blockId="48.[151,1437,894,2037]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B07330DFF23A8D7182EF840" bold="true" box="[199,345,1974,2000]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B07330DFC82A8D61AA7F841" box="[870,976,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less circular, attaining
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B07330DFAAFA8D71CEAF841" box="[1355,1437,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension; red, bright-orange to yellow when alive, light-orange or beige when dry. Zooids oblong, hexagonal to pyriform or irregular in shape, arranged in checkered pattern and demarcated by fine sutures between lateral walls in both young and old parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B06330CFF73A9461B24F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" targetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B06330CFF73A9461B24F860" blockId="49.[151,1437,1575,2032]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B06330CFF73A9461856F9AF" bold="true" box="[151,289,1575,1599]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B06330CFECDA9461A82F9AF" authority="(O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[297,1013,1575,1599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B06330CFECDA9461B1BF9AF" box="[297,620,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B06330CFD9FA9461A9BF9AF" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[635,1004,1575,1599]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, F, K.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B06330CFBBDA9491DCCF9AF" box="[1113,1211,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lectotype</emphasis>
|
||
, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23AFBE1A81FE41" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFE1AAFBE1BEBFF69" box="[510,668,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14A, D, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, slightly convex, with either dimpled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFB6FAFBE1C58FF69" box="[1163,1327,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14A, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or finely granulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFEF8AE621893FE8D" box="[284,484,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B, C, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) surface and angular areolae along zooidal margins, separated by short and relatively narrow interareolar ridges. In older zooids, areolae can be very large with thick, elongate interareolar ridges that sometimes fuse along zooidal midline, giving a costate appearance to zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFBEAAE2A1D02FEF5" box="[1038,1141,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbonuloid component extensive, occupying about 70% of length of frontal shield (67% in one measured zooid), with distinct parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFDC9AEF21BDBFE3D" box="[557,684,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ring scar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFCDFAEF21AE8FE3D" box="[827,927,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14L</figureCitation>
|
||
) discrete, forming regular boundary between umbonuloid exterior wall and extra-umbonuloid interior wall microstructure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23AEBA1AEEFD39" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFE65AEBA1B55FE65" box="[385,546,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14A, B, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) submersed, quadrangular; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall bearing prominent shelf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFD1FAE9E1AF5FD89" box="[763,898,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and forming very low, blunt condyles laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFF44AD421855FDAD" box="[160,290,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of orifice shallowly rounded, proximal margin with central anvil-shaped lyrula with acute tips directed distolaterally, laterally or proximally, and distinct triangular, round-tipped process on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFF44AD0A184EFD15" box="[160,313,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B, J, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some colonies, marginal zooids and those from the zone of astogenetic change bearing pair of short, hollow, ephemeral oral spines at distolateral corners of orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23ADD21D1CFC35" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Secondary orifice transversely oval to irregularly triangular, cormidial, distally and distolaterally restricted by arch-like extensions of vertical walls of distal and distolateral zooids forming subcircular or semioval “collar” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFA8BADB619BCFC85" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
); proximal part of secondary orifice formed by asymmetrically placed cystid of suboral avicularium and narrow lappet derived from frontal shield. In ovicellate zooids, extensions of lateral walls of distolateral zooids grow as narrow lobes towards each other over central part of ectooecium and above avicularian cystid, forming peristome of two symmetrical arches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFE34AC061B2FFC11" box="[464,600,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), conferring to secondary orifice a circular, transversely oval to irregularly triangular outline with large suboral slit between frontal shield and avicularian rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23ACCE1C35FB31" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium of moderate to large size, elevated, situated proximolateral to zooidal orifice on left or right side, with dimpled or granulated surface having gymnocystal rim and 1–2 communication pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFF44AC96185AFB81" box="[160,301,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum long, curved or straight, elongate triangular, sometimes with short hooked tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFACCAC961CF9FB81" box="[1320,1422,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
), reaching or sometimes fusing with peristomial lappet on opposite side of peristome, directed distolaterally and angled so as to conceal most of palate. Avicularian frontal surface (rostral/postmandibular areas) crossing zooidal midline, facing obliquely proximally and frontally. Palate elongate triangular, with pointed distal end and rounded tip, foramen elongate oval, bordered by narrow cryptocystal shelf; opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23ABCA1881FB55" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,502,1195,1221]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23ABAE1C5DFA0D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Ovicells initially prominent, later becoming subimmersed, with ooecium peripherally overgrown by secondary calcification proceeding from daughter and neighbouring lateral zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFC24AB921DBCFA9D" box="[960,1227,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B, E, F, G, H, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid at colony periphery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFD97AA761A74FAA1" box="[627,771,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), its coelomic cavity connected with visceral coelom via communication canal that opens on underside of proximal part of frontal shield of distal zooid as straight slit-like communication pore about mid-distance between transverse wall and ring scar. Ooecium with straight or concave proximal margin and circular to oval or slit-like pseudopores, some occluded by secondary calcification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23AAC61DA4FA75" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by three mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFBDEAAC61DD2FA51" box="[1082,1189,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14M</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two multiporous septula (sometimes with individual pores inbetween) in basal half of transverse walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFBBBAAAA1DB1FA75" box="[1119,1222,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23AA8E183CF9E5" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Basal wall of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFE2EAA8E1B4DF999" box="[458,570,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[242,1346,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhamphostomella curvirostrata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923). A, F, K. Lectotype, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America, presumably Vancouver Island, British Columbia). B, C, G, H, J, L, M. ZIRAS 4/50547 (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk). D, E, I. ZIRAS 1/50115 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with zooids developing above sponge spicules; developing ooecia visible near lower margin of image (arrows). B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with median lyrula and lateral processes. C. Details of suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids close to colony periphery. E. Two zooids with ooecia embedded in secondary calcification, and enlarged, deep marginal areolae separated by strongly elongate interareolar ridges. F. Frontal view of ovicellate zooid. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Lateral view of distal part of ovicellate zooid, showing details of ooecium and suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, ring scar, and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula, lateral processes and condyles. K. Basal surface of colony growing over sponge (spicules are evident). L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing ooecium, suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars:A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, H, 250 μm; C, E, F, I, J, 100 μm; L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521162/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 14K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B05330FFDADAA8E1B01F999" box="[585,630,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">30F</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, smooth, slightly convex, often with elongate tubular protuberances (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B05330FFE65A9731894F9BD" box="[385,483,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B05330FFDC3A9731BBEF9BD" box="[551,713,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.285" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). Occasionally basal protuberances strongly elongate (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B05330FFF0DA9571826F9C1" box="[233,337,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.55">1.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), with multiply divaricated, terminal “rootlets”. Boundaries between zooids indicated by sinuous sutures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23A91E1BCFF909" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,696,1663,1689]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B05330EFF23A9C21C13FF69" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330FFF23A9C21C0AF895" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B05330FFF23A9C2184CF92D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1699,1725]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B05330FFEA6A9C21BD2F92C" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[322,677,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B05330FFEA6A9C21BD2F92C" box="[322,677,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from congeners in the large suboral avicularium with curved or straight rostrum overhanging the proximal half of the orifice.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B05330FFC00A9A61DF2F971" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[996,1157,1734,1761]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 430) mentioned that “occasionally the avicularium is wanting and two lateral lappets extend towards each other across the aperture”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B05330EFF23A86E1C13FF69" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A specimen from the South Kuril Islands (ZIRAS 4/50547), while similar in zooid morphology and size to the other colonies studied, differs in having a finely granulated surface of the frontal shield and avicularian cystid, and smaller and more rounded areolae with relatively short interareolar ridges. In this specimen, the avicularian rostrum is normally straight, differing from the more or less curved shape in other colonies examined. The proximal margin of the ooecium is also straight, with a slightly raised edge. The overgrowth and subsequent immersion of ooecia by secondary calcification are less prominent in this specimen. The proximal margin of the primary orifice is bisinuate, with a lyrula having the tips directed distolaterally or laterally. In contrast, they are directed proximally in a colony from the Commander Islands (ZIRAS 1/50115). These various differences may indicate either considerable phenotypic variability or a sibling species. More specimens need to be studied to determine which is the case.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B04330EFF23AE6218C4FE3D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23AE6218C4FE3D" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFF23AE6218C0FED1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405433" collectionCode="CMNI" collectorName="Cat. No." location="The Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="CMNI 1988-0131" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFF23AE621B32FE8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B04330EFF23AE621B32FE8D" box="[199,581,259,285]" name="The Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="British Columbia">The Canadian Museum of Nature</location>
|
||
contains a dried specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFC79AE621D26FE8C" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[925,1105,259,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFC79AE621AD9FE8C" box="[925,942,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFC5AAE621D26FE8C" box="[958,1105,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B04330EFB7DAE621C2BFE8D" box="[1177,1372,259,285]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFA89AE6219B6FED1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cat. No.</collectorName>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFF3BAE4618D8FED1" box="[223,431,295,321]" collectionCode="CMNI" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CMNI 1988-0131</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFE27AE4618D8FE3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405317" collectorName="C. H. O'Donoghue Collection" location="Vancouver Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
Unfortunately, there are no images, and the specimen is not mentioned as a type in the On-line Collection Data of the Museum. Accordingly, we selected a
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B04330EFC46AE2A1D7EFEF5" box="[930,1033,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFBB4AE2A1CEAFEF5" box="[1104,1437,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C.H. O’Donoghue Collection</collectorName>
|
||
deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. This colony likely came from the waters around
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFAC0AE0E19A9FE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B07330EFF73AD761DC7FCCD:8EFFC4B90B04330EFAC0AE0E19A9FE3D" name="Vancouver Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="British Columbia">Vancouver Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B04330EFF0EAEF218D8FE3D" box="[234,431,403,429]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B04330EFF23AED61D0CFE65" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23AED61D0CFE65" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF23AED6185BFE41" bold="true" box="[199,300,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFED6AED61BE2FE40" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[306,661,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFED6AED61BE2FE40" box="[306,661,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rhamphostomella curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs predominantly on rocky bottoms at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFB93AED71D90FE41" box="[1143,1255,438,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" metricValueMax="5.66" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="288.0" valueMax="566.0" valueMin="10.0">10–566 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Colonies encrust pebbles, polychaete tubes, shells of gastropod and bivalve molluscs and sponges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B04330EFF23AE9F1DC7FCCD" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23AE9F1834FCA9" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF23AE9F1816FD88" bold="true" box="[199,353,510,536]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a Pacific boreal, sublittoral to upper bathyal species, widely distributed across the North Pacific Rim. In the western Pacific, it has been recorded from the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAFDAD4219A5FDF1" author="Grischenko, A. V." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002; our data); along the shelf and slope of the Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFBDCAD261DCBFDF1" author="Lukin, V. I." box="[1080,1212,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="11 - 60" refId="ref92381" refString="Lukin, V. I. (1979) Macrobenthic communities of the upper subtidal zone off Simushir Island. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the Shelf of the Kuril Islands. Nauka, Moscow, USSR, pp. 11 - 60. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Lukin 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFB22AD261C23FDF1" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1222,1364,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="234 - 248" refId="ref88158" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1979) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata in shallow water off Simushir Island. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the Shelf of the Kuril Islands. Nauka, Moscow, USSR, pp. 234 - 248 [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Gontar 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAB9AD261CEFFDF1" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1373,1432,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFF73AD0A1996FD15" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[151,225,619,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="200 - 203" refId="ref88450" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1993 b) Phylum Bryozoa. List of invertebrate species of the continental slope of the Kuril Islands. Exploration of the Fauna of the Seas, 46, 200 - 203. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">1993b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data); Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B04330EFE4FAD0A1899FD15" box="[427,494,619,645]" name="Japan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the western shore of southern Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFB97AD0A1C45FD15" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[1139,1330,618,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="90 - 204" refId="ref86122" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1958) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 5, 90 - 204. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Androsova 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAD9AD0A1983FD39" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFA6CAD0A19DAFD39" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Moneron Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE11ADEE1B08FD3A" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[501,639,655,682]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); along the Pacific side of northern Honshu Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B04330EFB26ADEE1C75FD39" box="[1218,1282,655,681]" name="Japan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAF4ADEE1980FD5D" author="Sakagami, S. & Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="317 - 338" refId="ref95210" refString="Sakagami, S., Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T. (1980) Checklist and bibliography of Japanese Cenozoic fossil Ectoprocta (Bryozoa), 1935 - 1978. In: Igo, H. & Noda, H. (Eds.), Professor Saburo Kanno Memorial Volume. University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, pp. 317 - 338." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Sakagami
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFA6CADEE19DAFD5D" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the eastern Pacific it has been documented from the coastal waters of Adak Island, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands (our data), and the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island (our data), and Northumberland Channel, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFDA5AD9A1AA5FC85" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[577,978,763,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and southwards to southern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFF7BAC7E1841FCA9" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[159,310,798,825]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23AC221DC7FCCD" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,1200,834,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFF23AC22181DFCCD" author="Hayami, T." box="[199,362,835,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref90325" refString="Hayami, T. (1973) The recent Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Kyuroku-Scima, Northern Honshu, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, 42, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="1973">Hayami (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE92AC2318D8FCCD" author="Hayami, T." box="[374,431,834,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref90359" refString="Hayami, T. (1975) Neogene Bryozoa from northern Japan. Science Reports of the Tohuku University, Sendai, Series 2, Geology, 45, 83 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFDC7AC221BA2FCCC" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue & O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[547,725,835,861]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFDC7AC221B43FCCC" box="[547,564,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFDA6AC221BA2FCCC" box="[578,725,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Neogene deposits in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B04330EFB8DAC221DDBFCCD" box="[1129,1196,835,861]" name="Japan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |