737 lines
129 KiB
XML
737 lines
129 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CCCF7947A3C5911546201E3003876F8B">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7626600" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209285944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7626600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFF73ACCF1BD9FC58" ID-CoL="4S3H3" authority="Nordgaard, 1906" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,686,942,969]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73ACCF18A4FC59" bold="true" box="[151,467,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rhamphostomella hincksi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE3EACCE1BD9FC58" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[474,686,942,969]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF73ACB218E6FC7D" blockId="51.[151,686,942,1005]" box="[151,401,978,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFF7BACB21981FC7D" box="[159,246,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFEE6ACB21843FC7D" box="[258,308,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">30G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFEA4ACB218FFFC7D" box="[320,392,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-20@92.[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 32. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella gigantea Osburn, 1952. Holotype, USNM 11033 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea). C–E. Rhamphostomella alutacea Gontar, 1993. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/44569 (Krabovaya Bight, Shikotan Island, Lesser Kuril Ridge, Pacific Ocean). F, G. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1580A (Gaspe, Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). H, I. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906. Neotype, NHMUK 1976.8.6.39pt (about 22 km westwards from Medvezhii Island, western Barents Sea). J, K. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-1696 (Waygat Islands, Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). L, M. Rhamphostomella radiatula (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1592 (Iceland). Scale bars: A, B, D–G, K, M, 250 µm; C, H, I, J, L, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544593/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">32H, I</figureCitation>
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)
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFF46AB761B69FBBF" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[162,542,1047,1071]" page="30" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFF46AB761B69FBBF" authority="Smitt, 1868 a, p. 30" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1868" box="[162,542,1047,1071]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF46AB761823FBBF" box="[162,340,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFEBFAB7618A8FBBF" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[347,479,1047,1071]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt, 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 30
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, 31 (part), pl. 28, figs 195, 196.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFF73AB571B52FBDE" author="Hincks, T." box="[151,549,1078,1102]" page="106" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1877">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFF73AB571B52FBDE" authority=": Hincks 1877, p. 106" authorityName=": Hincks" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,549,1078,1102]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73AB57183EFBDE" box="[151,329,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFEB3AB5718ADFBDE" author="Hincks, T." box="[343,474,1078,1102]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 106
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, pl. 11, figs 3, 4.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFF73AB351BC1FBFD" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,694,1108,1133]" page="31" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFF73AB351BC1FBFD" authority="Nordgaard, 1906, p. 31" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,694,1108,1133]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Ramphostomella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73AB351836FBFC" box="[151,321,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ramphostomella</emphasis>
|
||
[sic]
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFE9FAB3518B4FBFC" box="[379,451,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE2DAB351B00FBFC" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[457,631,1108,1132]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 31
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 41, pl. 4, fig. 51.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF73AB1218A3FB3A" blockId="51.[151,1436,1047,1194]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B04330EFF73AB1218A3FB3A" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFF73AB121B19FB1B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,622,1139,1163]" page="541" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1962">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFF73AB121B19FB1B" ID-CoL="4S3H3" authority=": Kluge 1962, p. 541" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="541" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,622,1139,1163]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73AB1218EBFB1B" box="[151,412,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rhamphostomella hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE4DAB121B54FB1B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[425,547,1139,1163]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 541
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 378; 1975, p. 658, fig. 378;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFC58AB121DD6FB1B" author="Powell, N. A." box="[956,1185,1139,1163]" page="2311" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFC58AB121D3DFB1B" author="Powell, N. A." box="[956,1098,1139,1163]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="2269 - 2320" refId="ref94756" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 a) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. Journal Fishery Research Board Canada, 25, 2269 - 2320. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 202" type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2311
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 10, pl. 13a;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B04330EFAA8AB12183FFB3A" author="Hayami, T." page="332" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAA8AB12198BFB3A" author="Hayami, T." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="316 - 336" refId="ref90291" refString="Hayami, T. (1970) Miocene Bryozoa from southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 79, 316 - 336." type="journal article" year="1970">Hayami 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 332
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 36, fig. 1.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF73ABAE1C7CFAB4" blockId="51.[151,1436,1231,1317]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73ABAE18F3FB77" bold="true" box="[151,388,1231,1255]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFE6DABAE1A2CFB77" ID-CoL="4S3H3" authority=": Osburn 1955, p. 38" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1955" box="[393,859,1231,1255]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFE6DABAE1BFAFB77" box="[393,653,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rhamphostomella hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFD7DABAE1A69FB77" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[665,798,1231,1255]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">Osburn 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 38
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFC80ABB11A9DFB77" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[868,1002,1231,1255]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 40;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFBD5ABAE1DCCFB77" author="Hayami, T." box="[1073,1211,1231,1255]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref90359" refString="Hayami, T. (1975) Neogene Bryozoa from northern Japan. Science Reports of the Tohuku University, Sendai, Series 2, Geology, 45, 83 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">Hayami 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAE6ABAE198BFA96" author="Sakagami, S. & Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="317 - 338" refId="ref95210" refString="Sakagami, S., Arakawa, S. & Hayami, T. (1980) Checklist and bibliography of Japanese Cenozoic fossil Ectoprocta (Bryozoa), 1935 - 1978. In: Igo, H. & Noda, H. (Eds.), Professor Saburo Kanno Memorial Volume. University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, pp. 317 - 338." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Sakagami
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFA8FABB11CE1FB77" box="[1387,1430,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 330;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFEB0AB8F18A1FA96" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[340,470,1262,1286]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 18; 1990, p. 133; 2010, p. 153; 2013, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFC2DAB8F1DAFFA96" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[969,1240,1262,1286]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 357;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFAD4AB8F198BFAB5" author="Denisenko, N. V." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39; 2008, p. 187;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFE37AA6D1B08FAB4" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[467,639,1292,1316]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 203;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFD32AA6D1D75FAB5" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[726,1026,1292,1317]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B04330EFBA8AA6C1DB0FAB5" author="Foster, N. R." box="[1100,1223,1293,1317]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B04330EFF73AA331D18F88D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF73AA331C25FA01" blockId="51.[151,1436,1362,2037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF73AA3318F6FAFC" bold="true" box="[151,385,1362,1388]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFE6DAA321C25FA01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405316" collectionCode="NHMUK, RV" county="western Barents Sea" elevation="128" latitude="74.416664" location="Ernest Holt" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="18.033333" municipality="Medvezhii Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="128" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFE6DAA321892FAFC" box="[393,485,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B04330EFE6DAA321892FAFC" box="[393,485,1363,1388]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B04330EFE10AA321B29FAFD" box="[500,606,1363,1389]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1976.8.6.39pt, three fragments from one colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B04330EFB6BAA321DC4FAFD" box="[1167,1203,1363,1389]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFB5FAA321C4AFAFD" box="[1211,1341,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFB5FAA321C4AFAFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFB5FAA321C4AFAFD" box="[1211,1341,1363,1389]" county="western Barents Sea" latitude="74.416664" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="18.033333" municipality="Medvezhii Island" name="Ernest Holt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ernest Holt</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFAA8AA321C06FAFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFAA8AA321C06FAFD" box="[1356,1393,1363,1389]" county="western Barents Sea" latitude="74.416664" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="18.033333" municipality="Medvezhii Island" name="Stn" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Stn</location>
|
||
41,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B04330EFF73AA191863FA01" box="[151,276,1399,1427]" degrees="74" direction="north" minutes="25.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="92" value="74.416664">74°25.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B04330EFEFBAA1918E2FA01" box="[287,405,1399,1427]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="02.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="92" value="18.033333">18°02.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFE0FAA161B45FA01" box="[491,562,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
westwards from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B04330EFD17AA161ACEFA01" box="[755,953,1399,1425]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Medvezhii Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B04330EFC20AA161DDCFA01" box="[964,1195,1399,1425]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">western Barents Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B04330EFAE0AA161C25FA01" box="[1284,1362,1399,1425]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFAE0AA161C39FA01" box="[1284,1358,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="128.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B04330EFAE0AA161C39FA01" box="[1284,1358,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23AAFA1D18F88D" blockId="51.[151,1436,1362,2037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFF23AAFA1C5FFA25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405325" box="[199,1320,1434,1461]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="O. Sorella & N. Nordenskjold." location="Spitsbergen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMUK 68.3" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFF23AAFA1807FA25" box="[199,368,1435,1461]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK 68.3</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.46, one colony, 1858,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFD7BAAFA1A51FA25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFD7BAAFA1A51FA25" box="[671,806,1435,1461]" name="Spitsbergen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Spitsbergen</location>
|
||
, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC49AAFA1D54FA25" box="[941,1059,1435,1461]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O. Sorella</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFB86AAFA1C5FFA25" box="[1122,1320,1435,1461]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">N. Nordenskjold.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFAD6AAFA1806FA6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405466" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Davis Strait" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMUK 1877.11" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFAD6AAFA1985FA49" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK 1877.11</specimenCode>
|
||
.28.112, two colonies encrusting pieces of the same bivalve shell,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC2FAADE1D91FA49" box="[971,1254,1471,1497]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, HMS
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFAD7AADE1CE1FA49" box="[1331,1430,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFAD7AADE1CE1FA49" box="[1331,1430,1471,1497]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Valorous</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1875,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFF07AA821806FA6D" box="[227,369,1507,1533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Davis Strait</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFE66AA821AD5FA6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405448" box="[386,930,1506,1533]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMUK 1899.5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFE66AA821B3FFA6D" box="[386,584,1506,1533]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK 1899.5</specimenCode>
|
||
.1.876, two colony fragments
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFC56AA821C54FA6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405308" box="[946,1315,1507,1533]" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Labrador" location="Hincks Collection" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B04330EFC56AA821AB3FA6D" box="[946,964,1507,1533]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFC31AA821DDEFA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFC31AA821DDEFA6D" box="[981,1193,1507,1533]" name="Hincks Collection" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hincks Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFB5EAA821C54FA6D" box="[1210,1315,1507,1533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Labrador</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFAD6AA821D7EF9B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405463" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Dundee Collection" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMUK 1963.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFAD6AA821990F9B1" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK 1963.2</specimenCode>
|
||
.12.244, three colony fragments, no locality given,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFCD5A9661D7EF9B1" box="[817,1033,1543,1569]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Dundee Collection</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFBF2A9661879F9F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405438" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="L. Lorenz Collection & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="170" location="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMW 72986" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFBF2A9661DB4F9B1" box="[1046,1219,1543,1569]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMW 72986</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony, 1884,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFF73A94A18F0F9D5" box="[151,391,1579,1605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. Lorenz Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, II
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFE48A94A1A36F9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFE48A94A1A36F9D5" box="[428,833,1579,1605]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B04330EFC3EA94A1D2EF9D5" box="[986,1113,1579,1605]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFB4FA94A1C5AF9D5" box="[1195,1325,1579,1605]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B04330EFB4FA94A1C5AF9D5" box="[1195,1325,1579,1605]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160–180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFF73A92E1879F9F9" box="[151,270,1615,1641]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFEF3A92E1A9FF91D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405386" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="L. Lorenz Collection & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="170" location="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NHMW 92534" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFEF3A92E18B5F9F9" box="[279,450,1614,1641]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMW 92534</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.48), one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC95A92E1D13F9F9" box="[881,1124,1615,1641]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. Lorenz Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, II
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFB68A92E1862F91D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFB68A92E1862F91D" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B04330EFE49A9121B5CF91D" box="[429,555,1651,1677]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFD98A9121B89F91D" box="[636,766,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B04330EFD98A9121B89F91D" box="[636,766,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160–180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC90A9121A9FF91D" box="[884,1000,1651,1677]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFC0BA912182EF945" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405302" collectingDate="1948-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Beaufort Sea & G. E. MacGinitie." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Alaska" elevation="56" location="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" municipality="Point Barrow" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="USNM 11130" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFC0BA9121DF9F91D" box="[1007,1166,1651,1677]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM 11130</specimenCode>
|
||
, nine colony fragments,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFF73A9F61B3BF921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFF73A9F61B3BF921" box="[151,588,1687,1713]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Alaska" municipality="Point Barrow" name="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Arctic Research Laboratory Collection</location>
|
||
,?
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B04330EFD85A9F61B82F921" box="[609,757,1687,1713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1948-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B04330EFD85A9F61B82F921" box="[609,757,1687,1713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1948-08">August 1948</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B04330EFCE4A9F61AE0F921" box="[768,919,1687,1713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Point Barrow</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B04330EFC44A9F61A86F921" box="[928,1009,1687,1713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Alaska</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC18A9F61DF8F921" box="[1020,1167,1687,1713]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Beaufort Sea</collectorName>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFB3BA9F71C58F921" box="[1247,1327,1686,1713]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="55.5">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B04330EFB3BA9F71C58F921" box="[1247,1327,1686,1713]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="55.5">55.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFF73A9DA182EF945" box="[151,345,1723,1749]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G.E. MacGinitie.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFE84A9DA19C2F969" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405355" collectionCode="ZIRAS" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="ZIRAS 7" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B04330EFE84A9DA18B2F945" box="[352,453,1722,1749]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZIRAS 7</specimenCode>
|
||
/50119, two colony fragments detached from broken shells of bivalve mollusc
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B04330EFADEA9DA19C2F969" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFADEA9DA1CEBF945" box="[1338,1436,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chlamys</emphasis>
|
||
sp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFF2CA9BE1AB5F88D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405476" collectingDate="1992-09-12" collectionCode="MFRT" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" elevation="80" latitude="57.603333" location="Rodino" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B04330EFF2CA9BE1865F969" box="[200,274,1759,1785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MFRT</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFEFFA9BE181BF969" box="[283,364,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFEFFA9BE181BF969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFEFFA9BE181BF969" box="[283,364,1759,1785]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="57.603333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" name="Rodino" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rodino</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B04330EFE99A9BE1B29F969" box="[381,606,1759,1785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B04330EFE99A9BE1B29F969" box="[381,606,1759,1785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-12">12 September 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFD57A9BE1B8AF969" box="[691,765,1759,1785]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B04330EFCA2A9BE1D62F969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B04330BFF73ACCF1997FC7D:8EFFC4B90B04330EFCA2A9BE1D62F969" box="[838,1045,1759,1785]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Sea of Okhotsk" latitude="57.603333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="western Kamchatka" name="Cape Hayryuzova" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cape Hayryuzova</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B04330EFBC6A9BE1C74F969" box="[1058,1283,1759,1785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">western Kamchatka</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
shelf,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B04330EFAB7A9BE198EF88D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sea of Okhotsk</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B04330EFEE0A86518F7F88D" box="[260,384,1795,1823]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="36.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="92" value="57.603333">57°36.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B04330EFE68A8651B65F88D" box="[396,530,1795,1823]" degrees="156" direction="east" minutes="09.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="92" value="156.15">156°09.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFD87A8621BBFF88D" box="[611,712,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B04330EFD87A8621BBFF88D" box="[611,712,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">78–81 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B04330EFD30A8621A4EF88D" box="[724,825,1795,1821]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">crab trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B04330EFC22A8621D1CF88D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405487" box="[966,1131,1795,1821]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grischenko" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B04330EFC22A8621AABF88D" box="[966,988,1795,1821]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B04330EFC02A8621D1CF88D" box="[998,1131,1795,1821]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Grischenko</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B043309FF23A8461BCFF9BD" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B04330EFF23A8461B60F83D" blockId="51.[151,1436,1362,2037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF23A8461809F8D1" bold="true" box="[199,382,1831,1857]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
ZIRAS 7/50119, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B04330EFD44A8461A55F8D1" box="[672,802,1831,1857]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFC03A8461DDEF8D1" box="[999,1193,1830,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15A–G, I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.77–1.35 (1.00 ± 0.14). ZW, 0.37–0.60 (0.50 ± 0.06). ZD, 0.43–0.55 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFD16A82A1A77F8F4" box="[754,768,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.15–0.28 (0.22 ± 0.03). OrW, 0.22–0.35 (0.29 ± 0.04). OeL, 0.28–0.32 (0.31 ± 0.01). OeW, 0.33–0.40 (0.37 ± 0.02). Av(s)L, 0.15–0.27 (0.20 ± 0.03). P(m)N, 7–13 (10). P(oe)N, 18–26 (25) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFE5BA8F218BAF83C" box="[447,461,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B043309FF23A8D71D5EFF45" blockId="51.[151,1436,1362,2037]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B04330EFF23A8D7182EF840" bold="true" box="[199,345,1974,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFCBFA8D61AB5F841" box="[859,962,1974,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less circular, attaining
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B04330EFAD5A8D61CF7F841" box="[1329,1408,1975,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension, reddish or burgundy when alive, pink when dry. Zooids large, hexagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B04330EFB59A8BA1C53F865" box="[1213,1316,2010,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
), widest at midlength, arranged in regular, straight rows, packed in quincunx; demarcated by fine, undulating sutures between lateral and transverse walls; sutures visible in both young and old parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AFBE1DFCFE41" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FE19AFBE1BE0FF69" box="[509,663,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15D, E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), inflated or moderately convex, smooth to weakly dimpled centrally, with series of deep areolae along zooidal margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FD22AE621A3BFE8D" box="[710,844,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
) separated by radially arranged interareolar ridges; in younger zooids, ridges relatively short, low, some connecting with cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FB29AE461C04FED1" box="[1229,1395,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In older zooids, ridges tall, thickened, elongate, often joining along zooid midline and connecting to peristomial lappet and avicularian cystid, giving strongly costate appearance to frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FC15AE0E1D00FE19" box="[1009,1143,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interior of frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FF44AEF2198BFE3D" box="[160,252,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||
) with discrete ring scar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FDC4AEF21BFCFE3D" box="[544,651,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbonuloid component occupying about 40% of length of frontal shield (44% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AEBA1B37FDAD" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Primary orifice submerged, irregularly round; rounded distally, sinuate or bisinuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FB97AEBA1DA1FE65" box="[1139,1238,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
) proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FA8BAEBA1988FD89" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15A, B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
); if bisinuate, with small process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FD98AE9E1B95FD89" box="[636,738,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal and lateral margins of primary orifice formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AD261C67FC85" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FE78AD261B68FDF1" box="[412,543,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly triangular in outline, cormidial, distally and distolaterally restricted by thickening of vertical walls of distal and distolateral zooids, laterally and proximally formed by avicularian cystid (often with small distal lappet on its rostrum) on one side and high lappet of frontal shield on opposite side; lappet triangular, straight, slightly concave or sinuous in profile, together with avicularium forming proximally broad deep V-shaped pseudosinus in secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FD60ADB61A79FD61" box="[644,782,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15C–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally, lappets connect with lateral walls of distolateral zooids; in ovicellate zooids, lappets not fused with proximolateral corners of ooecium. No oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AC7E1D94FB81" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FDD2AC7E1BB4FCA9" box="[566,707,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively small but distinct, bulbous, strongly elevated, with coarsely dimpled surface, and 1–3 (normally 2) communication pores connecting avicularian and hypostegal coeloms, asymmetrically placed to left or right side of proximal peristomial rim. Inclined frontal surface (rostral/ postmandibular areas) of avicularium converging toward or crossing zooidal midline, facing obliquely frontally. Rostrum oblong-oval, weakly curving inward, with small, hooked tip directed laterally to distolaterally and upwards, extending somewhat over orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FDFDACB21BD4FC7D" box="[537,675,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palate semielliptical to triangular, with rounded distal end; palatal foramen elongate-oval or triangular, with rounded angles; opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AB7A1881FBA5" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,502,1051,1077]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AB5E1D36FAC5" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Ovicells initially hyperstomial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FDCDAB5E1BF8FBC9" box="[553,655,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
|
||
), but ooecia rapidly becoming subimmersed by peripheral overgrowth of secondarily thickened lateral and proximal walls of distolateral and daughter zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FB6BAB021C6FFBED" box="[1167,1304,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
); thickened lateral walls plugging gaps between distal margins of peristomial lappets and proximal corners of ooecium, thus completing secondary orifice in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FD35ABCA1A21FB55" box="[721,854,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid; ooecial fold arises on colony periphery concurrently with frontal shield of distal zooid. Ooecial coelomic cavity connected with visceral coelom via communication canal opening on underside of proximal part of frontal shield as small, curved slit-like communication pore close to transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FCE6AA761A17FAA1" box="[770,864,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium with slightly concave proximal margin and numerous small, scattered circular and oval (sometimes irregular) pseudopores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AA3E1C44FA0D" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Zooids interconnecting by two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FBC9AA3E1DE6FAE9" box="[1069,1169,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Communication pores in basal part of transverse walls arranged either as horizontal “band” or forming two multiporous septula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23AAC61875F999" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Basal wall of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FE24AAC61B54FA51" box="[448,547,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 15J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B033309FDD5AAC61B14FA51" box="[561,611,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">30G</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, smooth, slightly convex, with tubular protuberances (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B033309FF53AAAA1868FA75" box="[183,287,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B033309FE56AAAA1B6DFA75" box="[434,538,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). Boundaries between zooids indicated basally by gently sinuous incisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23A9721BCFF9BD" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,696,1555,1581]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B03330BFF23A9561AECFED1" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23A9561AEAF8B9" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FF23A956184CF9C1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B033309FD79A9561A34F9C1" author="Hincks, T." box="[669,835,1591,1617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FC97A9561D4AF9C1" authorityName=": Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[883,1085,1591,1617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FC97A9561D4AF9C1" box="[883,1085,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B033309FB68A9561D96F9C1" box="[1164,1249,1591,1617]" name="Iceland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FB15A9561C13F9C1" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" box="[1265,1380,1591,1617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FB15A9561C13F9C1" box="[1265,1380,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R. hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized and redescribed as a separate species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B033309FD0BA93A1ACDF9E6" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[751,954,1627,1654]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on specimen from the Barents Sea. Still, it is rather possible that figures 195 and 196 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B033309FD3DA91E1A1BF909" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[729,876,1663,1689]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt (1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 28) show the same species. Regrettably, only a tiny, poorly preserved fragment of the presumed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FD56A9C21A68F92D" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" box="[690,799,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FD56A9C21BB4F92C" box="[690,707,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FD34A9C21A68F92D" box="[720,799,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
survived in Nordgaard’s collection in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo (E. Di Martino, pers. comm., 2020). To correct this situation, we have selected a
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B033309FF73A98A1987F895" box="[151,240,1771,1797]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for this species based on a specimen collected in the Barents Sea from the RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FBB3A98A1DAFF895" box="[1111,1240,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ernest Holt</emphasis>
|
||
. Three fragments of one colony are deposited at the Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B033309FF23A8521CFDF805" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
In having a sinuate, elevated secondary orifice formed by an asymmetrically set avicularian cystid on one side and a high triangular lappet on the opposite side, and spherical ooecia with small, evenly distributed pseudopores,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FA60A8361991F805" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FA60A8361CE2F8E0" box="[1412,1429,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FF73A81A1991F805" box="[151,230,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FE23A81A1BA4F806" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[455,723,1915,1942]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FE23A81A18AFF804" box="[455,472,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FE02A81A1B43F805" box="[486,564,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
(Smitt, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Historically, this resemblance led to some misidentifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B03330BFF23A8FE1AECFED1" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The differences between these species are as follows: 1) the frontal shield has a series of deep marginal areolae separated by tall, radially arranged ridges along the entire lateral wall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B033309FC5FA8A21D5EF84D" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" box="[955,1065,1987,2013]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FC5FA8A21ABBF84C" box="[955,972,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B033309FC3EA8A21D5EF84D" box="[986,1065,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only a few areolae separated by short ridges along the distal half of the zooid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFD3FAFF61A3EFF21" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[731,841,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD3FAFF61B9BFF20" box="[731,748,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD1FAFF61A3EFF21" box="[763,841,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) the palatal foramen of the suboral avicularium is gently curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFEBCAFDA18B0FF45" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" box="[344,455,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFEBCAFDA181EFF44" box="[344,361,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFE9CAFDA18B0FF45" box="[376,455,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFD91AFDA1B93FF45" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[629,740,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD91AFDA1BF1FF44" box="[629,646,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD72AFDA1B93FF45" box="[662,740,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) ooecia are rapidly surrounded by growing and thickening vertical walls of neighbouring zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFD84AFBE1BB9FF69" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" box="[608,718,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD84AFBE1B06FF68" box="[608,625,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFD9BAFBE1BB9FF69" box="[639,718,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFCB6AFBE1AC8FF69" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[850,959,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFCB6AFBE1A14FF68" box="[850,867,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFC95AFBE1AC8FF69" box="[881,959,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4) the primary orifice lacks a lyrula in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFA60AFBE1991FE8D" authorityName=": Osburn" authorityYear="1955" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFA60AFBE1CE2FF68" box="[1412,1429,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFF73AE621991FE8D" box="[151,230,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but may occasionally bear a very small denticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B01330BFCF0AE621A0FFE8D" box="[788,888,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[188,1399,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906.A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC15AE621DDCFE8D" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1009,1195,259,285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB53AE621C3BFE8D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1207,1356,258,285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFABCAE6219A5FED1" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF39AE47186FFED1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[221,280,294,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas a distinct lyrula is always present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFCC3AE461AE2FED1" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[807,917,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFCC3AE461A4FFED0" box="[807,824,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFCA3AE461AE2FED1" box="[839,917,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B023308FF73A9CC1AA3F875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521166/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1709,1733]" targetBox="[188,1399,181,1685]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B023308FF73A9CC1AA3F875" blockId="53.[151,1437,1709,2021]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B023308FF73A9CC1868F955" bold="true" box="[151,287,1709,1733]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B023308FEC0A9CC1BABF955" authority="Nordgaard, 1906" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[292,732,1709,1733]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B023308FEC0A9CC1B5EF955" box="[292,553,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rhamphostomella hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B023308FDCAA9CC1BABF955" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[558,732,1709,1733]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–G, I, K. ZIRAS 7/50119 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). H, J, L. USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of marginal zooids, showing primary orifices with small, slender median tooth. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D, E. Groups of non-ovicellate zooids in young parts of colony. F. Ovicellate zooids with strongly developed interareolar ridges of frontal shield in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Ovicellate zooid with suboral avicularium. I. Interior of frontal shield in three zooids, showing ring scars, areolae and ooecial communication slits (arrows). J. Basal colony surface with numerous broken tubular protuberances. K. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Lateral view of zooid, showing suboral avicularium and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, C, H, I, 100 μm; E, F, 250 μm; K, 50 μm; L, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B01330BFF23AE2A18A2FE3D" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B01330BFF23AE2A18A2FE3D" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFF23AE2A185BFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,300,331,357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFEDCAE2A1B2AFEF5" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[312,605,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFEDCAE2A1B2AFEF5" box="[312,605,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rhamphostomella hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from depts of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B01330BFC12AE2A1D19FEF5" box="[1014,1134,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="140.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="10.0">10–270 m</quantity>
|
||
, predominantly on mixed bottoms, including silt, sand and gravel overlain with broken mollusc shells. Colonies encrust mollusc shells and colonies of other bryozoans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B01330BFF23AED71997FC7D" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B01330BFF23AED718FCFC35" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFF23AED71816FE40" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a boreal-Arctic, circumpolar, sublittoral species. In the Arctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFB85AED61DB9FE41" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[1121,1230,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFB85AED61D05FE40" box="[1121,1138,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFB9BAED61DB9FE41" box="[1151,1230,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in the Barents Sea (?
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE9EAEBA1B7EFE65" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[378,521,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFDF0AEBA1BBAFE65" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[532,717,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref92835" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1896) Systematisk Fortegnelse over de i Norge hidtil observerede arter af marine Polyzoa. I. Cheilostomata. Bergens Museums Aarborg 1894 - 1895, 2, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1896">Nordgaard 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD3CAEBA1AE5FE65" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[728,914,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC79AEBA1D5CFE65" author="Waters, A. W." box="[925,1067,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="43 - 105" refId="ref96153" refString="Waters, A. W. (1900) Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896 - 1897. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Series, 28, 43 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 01745. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Waters 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFBD1AEBA1D98FE65" author="Andersson, K. A." box="[1077,1263,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref86065" refString="Andersson, K. A. (1902) Bryozoen, wahrend der schwedischen Expeditionen 1898 und 1899 unter Leitung von Professor A. G. Nathorst und 1900 unter Leitung von Conservator G. Kolthoff gesammelt. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 15, 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="1902">Andersson 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB1EAEBA1CE0FE65" author="Norman, A. M." box="[1274,1431,475,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref93254" refString="Norman, A. M. (1903) Notes on the natural history of East Finnmark. Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11, 567 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678717" type="journal article" year="1903">Norman 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF73AE9E1857FD89" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,288,511,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFECAAE9F181EFD89" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[302,361,510,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE9CAE9E1B42FD89" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[376,565,511,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD22AE9E1A26FD89" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[710,849,511,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFCBBAE9F1AEDFD89" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[863,922,510,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2021), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFAE9AE9E1CEFFD89" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1293,1432,511,537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF73AD4319A5FDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,210,546,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF06AD421800FDAD" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[226,375,547,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref88325" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1990) Bryozoa of the Laptev Sea and New Siberian shoals. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 37, 130 - 138. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1990">Gontar 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFDD7AD421BC8FDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[563,703,547,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD2AAD431A7EFDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[718,777,546,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC03AD421C48FDAD" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[999,1343,547,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFAAAAD4219A4FDF1" author="Gontar, V. I." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD61AD261A6CFDF1" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[645,795,582,609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">Osburn 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB61AD261C35FDF2" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1157,1346,583,610]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF32AD0A1805FD16" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[214,370,619,646]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFDC7AD0A1BC9FD15" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[547,702,619,645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD29AD0A1A20FD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[717,855,619,645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC81AD0B1AD7FD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[869,928,618,645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hudson Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFBBCAD0A1CE7FD15" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1112,1424,619,645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B01330BFF11ADEE181DFD39" box="[245,362,655,681]" name="Greenland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE9CADEE1B6FFD39" author="Norman, A. M." box="[376,536,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref93212" refString="Norman, A. M. (1876) Preliminary report of the biological results of a cruise in HMS ' Valorous' to Davis Strait in 1875. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 25, 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="1876">Norman 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFDC0ADEE1BCEFD39" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[548,697,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="546 - 554" refId="ref90946" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 b) Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 546 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD20ADEE1A1AFD39" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[708,877,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="545 - 634" refId="ref92231" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1914) Conspectus Faunae Groenlandicae. Bryozoa, Endoprocta, Pterobranchia og Enteropneusta. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 23, 545 - 634." type="journal article" year="1914">Levinsen 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC9DADEE1D7AFD39" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[889,1037,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="603 - 624" refId="ref93627" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1919) Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41, 603 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Osburn 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFBFCADEE1D24FD39" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1048,1107,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFBBBADEE1CE7FD39" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[1119,1424,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B01330BFF09ADD21815FD5D" box="[237,354,691,717]" name="Greenland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE94ADD21B6EFD5D" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[368,537,691,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="432 - 472" refId="ref92264" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1916) Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Gronlands Nordostkyst 1906 - 1908. Bryozoa. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 43, 432 - 472." type="journal article" year="1916">Levinsen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFDC1ADD21A23FD5D" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[549,852,691,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B01330BFC83ADD21ACEFD5D" box="[871,953,691,717]" name="Iceland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFC23ADD21D2DFD5D" author="Hincks, T." box="[967,1114,691,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB81ADD21CE7FD5D" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1125,1424,691,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B01330BFF73ADB61828FD61" box="[151,351,727,753]" name="Jan Mayen Island" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Jan Mayen Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE8BADB61B72FD62" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[367,517,727,754]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Franz Josef Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFD08ADB61ADDFD61" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[748,938,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB67ADB61C31FD62" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[1155,1350,727,754]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northern Atlantic, it is known from St Lawrence Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFCF5AD9A1AB8FC85" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[785,975,763,789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Northwestern Pacific records are from the Sea of Okhotsk, including the eastern shore of southern Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFBE7AC7E1DFAFCA9" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1027,1165,799,825]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB7EAC7E1C12FCA9" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1178,1381,798,825]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFB03AC7E1C6DFCA9" box="[1255,1306,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the western Kamchatka shelf (our data), coastal waters of Iturup and Shikotan Islands and south Kuril Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFAB2AC2219A5FC11" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF3BAC0618DFFC11" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[223,424,870,897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFECFAC061829FC11" box="[299,350,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFE50AC061B31FC11" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[436,582,871,897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only known locality in the northeastern Pacific is Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF17ACEA1808FC35" author="Foster, N. R." box="[243,383,907,933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B01330BFF23ACCE1997FC7D" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B01330BFF23ACCE184DFC59" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[199,314,943,969]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFF23ACCE19AFFC58" box="[199,216,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B01330BFF0FACCE184DFC59" box="[235,314,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been reported from Miocene and Neogene deposits in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B01330BFB47ACCE1D94FC59" box="[1187,1251,943,969]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFB13ACCE1CEFFC59" author="Hayami, T." box="[1271,1432,943,969]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="316 - 336" refId="ref90291" refString="Hayami, T. (1970) Miocene Bryozoa from southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 79, 316 - 336." type="journal article" year="1970">Hayami 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B01330BFF73ACB319A4FC7D" author="Hayami, T." box="[151,211,978,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref90359" refString="Hayami, T. (1975) Neogene Bryozoa from northern Japan. Science Reports of the Tohuku University, Sendai, Series 2, Geology, 45, 83 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |