treatments-xml/data/03/89/06/0389064BFFBA3D2C3EEEE79DFE1CB8F4.xml

<document id="54DEAA8256FAB539109129B5C95468CA" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4215.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37169" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4215.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0087fa4c-a4f0-45d9-a2de-d433d7885753" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272923" ID-ZooBank="B91D1782-C11A-4CDC-96B6-76104FEE51BD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484878627754" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mamo, Briony L." docDate="2016" docId="0389064BFFBA3D2C3EEEE79DFE1CB8F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4215.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4215 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parasorites" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFB07E33FFFA3D6E3E79E345FFCDBB18" masterDocTitle="Benthic Foraminifera from the Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698435982981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="89181894E63EB77EC697A3AB1B4ACC44">Benthic Foraminifera from the Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA8F8770AA4125D0A79943369B8A09B">Mamo, Briony L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="44B4EDB76C723ECDDAD441F53968F6E1">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0389064BFFBA3D2C3EEEE79DFE1CB8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6067795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127642420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6067795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0389064BFFBA3D2C3EEEE79DFE1CB8F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0389064BFFBA3D2C3EEEE79DFE1CB8F4" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C33AE4D6FFBA3D2E3EEEE79DFE8DBE0D" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFBA3D2E3EEEE79DFE8DBE0D" blockId="64.[151,341,1240,1301]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3EEEE79DFED7BFE9" ID-CoL="7PS9H" box="[151,282,1240,1265]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3EEEE79DFED7BFE9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (
<figureCitation id="131BABD8FFBA3D2E3EE6E7B9FF39BE0D" box="[159,244,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 15. (Unless otherwise specified all scale bars = 100 µm). 1 – 5. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål, 1775). 1 – 3. QM # G 465896 from ST / HW 10, lateral (1, 2) and oral (3) views. 4 – 5. QM # G 465805 from T 2 – 3, lateral (4) and oral (5) views. 6 – 7. Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798) QM # G 465995 from T 1 – 10, lateral (6) and oral (7) views. Scale bar = 500 µm. 8 – 13. Parasorites sp. 1. 8 – 9. QM # G 465802 from T 2 – 3, lateral (8) and oral (9) views. Scale bar = 200 µm. 10. QM # G 465781 from ST / HW 2, lateral view. Scale bar = 200 µm. 11 – 13. QM # G 465982 from OTI 54, lateral (11), close up of intradermal plates (12) and oral (13) views. Scale bar for 12 = 50 µm. 14 – 20. Marginopora vertebralis Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830. 14 – 16. QM # G 465793 from T 2 – 1, lateral view (14), scale bar = 200 µm. 15. Oral view. 16. Close-up oral view, scale bar = 50 µm. 17 – 18. QM # G 466030 from T 2 – 5, lateral (17) and close-up oral (18) views. Scale bar for 17 = 1 mm. 19 – 20. QM # G 466020 from T 1 – 2, lateral (19), oral (20) views. Scale bar for 19 = 2 mm. Scale bar for 20 = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272938/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
: 8–13)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AE4D6FFBA3D2E3EEEE601FB1FBC3B" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFBA3D2E3EEEE601FEB2BD49" blockId="64.[151,1437,1348,2001]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3EEEE601FEC6BE45" bold="true" box="[151,267,1348,1373]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3C46E600FD0FBE44" box="[575,706,1349,1372]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3C46E600FD0FBE44" box="[575,706,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the embryonic apparatus with a proloculus and flexostyle, and possession of peneropline chamber arrangement during the initial test development that becomes reniform to discoidal with annular final chambers (
<figureCitation id="131BABD8FFBA3D2E3C21E6CFFD62BEBB" box="[600,687,1418,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 15. (Unless otherwise specified all scale bars = 100 µm). 1 – 5. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål, 1775). 1 – 3. QM # G 465896 from ST / HW 10, lateral (1, 2) and oral (3) views. 4 – 5. QM # G 465805 from T 2 – 3, lateral (4) and oral (5) views. 6 – 7. Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798) QM # G 465995 from T 1 – 10, lateral (6) and oral (7) views. Scale bar = 500 µm. 8 – 13. Parasorites sp. 1. 8 – 9. QM # G 465802 from T 2 – 3, lateral (8) and oral (9) views. Scale bar = 200 µm. 10. QM # G 465781 from ST / HW 2, lateral view. Scale bar = 200 µm. 11 – 13. QM # G 465982 from OTI 54, lateral (11), close up of intradermal plates (12) and oral (13) views. Scale bar for 12 = 50 µm. 14 – 20. Marginopora vertebralis Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830. 14 – 16. QM # G 465793 from T 2 – 1, lateral view (14), scale bar = 200 µm. 15. Oral view. 16. Close-up oral view, scale bar = 50 µm. 17 – 18. QM # G 466030 from T 2 – 5, lateral (17) and close-up oral (18) views. Scale bar for 17 = 1 mm. 19 – 20. QM # G 466020 from T 1 – 2, lateral (19), oral (20) views. Scale bar for 19 = 2 mm. Scale bar for 20 = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272938/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
:8, 9). Specimens collected from the CG have an imperforate test with depressed sutures between the discoidally layered chambers. Pitting increases from a nearly imperforate test at the suture to distinct, scattered perforations before the next suture marked by a sharp contact. The apertures consist of a single row of rounded, rimmed openings that become more vertically elongate as the test expands during growth. Internally, the chambers are divided by robust intradermal plates (
<figureCitation id="131BABD8FFBA3D2E3A63E553FBBFBD37" box="[1050,1138,1558,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 15. (Unless otherwise specified all scale bars = 100 µm). 1 – 5. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål, 1775). 1 – 3. QM # G 465896 from ST / HW 10, lateral (1, 2) and oral (3) views. 4 – 5. QM # G 465805 from T 2 – 3, lateral (4) and oral (5) views. 6 – 7. Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798) QM # G 465995 from T 1 – 10, lateral (6) and oral (7) views. Scale bar = 500 µm. 8 – 13. Parasorites sp. 1. 8 – 9. QM # G 465802 from T 2 – 3, lateral (8) and oral (9) views. Scale bar = 200 µm. 10. QM # G 465781 from ST / HW 2, lateral view. Scale bar = 200 µm. 11 – 13. QM # G 465982 from OTI 54, lateral (11), close up of intradermal plates (12) and oral (13) views. Scale bar for 12 = 50 µm. 14 – 20. Marginopora vertebralis Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830. 14 – 16. QM # G 465793 from T 2 – 1, lateral view (14), scale bar = 200 µm. 15. Oral view. 16. Close-up oral view, scale bar = 50 µm. 17 – 18. QM # G 466030 from T 2 – 5, lateral (17) and close-up oral (18) views. Scale bar for 17 = 1 mm. 19 – 20. QM # G 466020 from T 1 – 2, lateral (19), oral (20) views. Scale bar for 19 = 2 mm. Scale bar for 20 = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272938/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
:12) in the final, annular chambers of the test.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFBA3D2E3EBEE519FB1FBC3B" blockId="64.[151,1437,1348,2001]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Similar taxa have been published by various authors under differing names, but none directly match the specimens collected from the CG. 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3C64E5C5FD6DBD8F" box="[541,672,1664,1687]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3C64E5C5FD6DBD8F" box="[541,672,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3C8FE5C5FB98BD8F" authority="Hofker 1930" authorityName="Hofker" authorityYear="1930" box="[758,1109,1662,1687]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3C8FE5C5FCC9BD8F" box="[758,772,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3D6AE53BFC64BD8F" box="[787,937,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">orbitolitoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFBA3D2E3DC3E53BFB81BD8F" author="Hofker" box="[954,1100,1662,1687]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Hofker, J. (1930) Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Part 2: Families Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Reophacidae, Anomalinidae, Peneroplidae. In: Siboga-Expeditie. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 79 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hofker 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Ningaloo Reef (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFBA3D2E3B28E53BFF1CBDA2" author="Parker" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Parker, J. H. (2009) Taxonomy of Foraminifera from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, Canberra, 810 pp." type="book" year="2009">Parker 2009</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3F6FE5E6FE01BDA2" box="[278,460,1697,1722]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3F6FE5E6FE01BDA2" box="[278,460,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. orbitolitoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from New Caledonia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFBA3D2E3CA5E5E4FC4BBDA2" author="Debenay" box="[732,902,1697,1722]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Debenay, J. P. (2012) A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia. IRD Editions, Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Marseille, 378 pp." type="book" year="2012">Debenay 2012</bibRefCitation>
) both have a similar chamber arrangement to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3EEEE583FED7BDC5" box="[151,282,1734,1757]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3EEEE583FED7BDC5" box="[151,282,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1, but the Ningaloo and New Caledonian specimens are far less pitted and the annular stage of test development is far more variable than specimens collected from the CG. In addition, the Ningaloo and New Caledonian specimens have more annular rings than the 3–4 usually found in the CG specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AE4D6FFBA3D2C3EBEE46BFC41BA04" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFBA3D2E3EBEE46BFF0BBCC9" blockId="64.[151,1437,1348,2001]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3EBEE46BFD55BC5E" ID-CoL="8378Z" authority="Hofker 1930" authorityName="Hofker" authorityYear="1930" box="[199,664,1837,1862]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3EBEE46BFE27BC5E" box="[199,490,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites orbitolitoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFBA3D2E3F82E468FD42BC5E" author="Hofker" box="[507,655,1837,1862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Hofker, J. (1930) Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Part 2: Families Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Reophacidae, Anomalinidae, Peneroplidae. In: Siboga-Expeditie. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 79 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hofker 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFBA3D2E3D45E468FBA2BC5E" author="Loeblich" box="[828,1135,1837,1862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Loeblich, A. R. &amp; Tappan, H. (1987) Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, 2031 pp." type="book" year="1987">Loeblich &amp; Tappan (1987)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F337F7CDFFBA3D2E3AC0E46BFA89BC5E" box="[1209,1348,1837,1862]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, Rivera and 
<collectingCountry id="F337F7CDFFBA3D2E3EBFE415FEFEBC71" box="[198,307,1872,1897]" name="Indonesia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
have large, distinct pitting and an extensive annular test development compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3AA4E414FAADBC70" ID-CoL="7PS9H" box="[1245,1376,1873,1896]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3AA4E414FAADBC70" box="[1245,1376,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 from the CG. The apertures along the peripheral margin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBA3D2E3D28E431FBCABC94" ID-CoL="8378Z" box="[849,1031,1907,1932]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3D28E431FC92BC93" box="[849,863,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBA3D2E3D08E436FBCABC94" box="[881,1031,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">orbitolitoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an alternating “upper-lower” arrangement that are occasionally merged to become elongate apertures that lie horizontally to, or parallel with, the test.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5FE7D5FFBB3D2F3EEEE59CFB01BCFD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272938/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[248,1332,193,1727]" targetPageId="65">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFBB3D2F3EEEE59CFB01BCFD" blockId="65.[151,1437,1753,2021]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EEEE59CFEEABDF7" bold="true" box="[151,295,1753,1775]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
(Unless otherwise specified all scale bars = 100 µm). 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3DE0E59CFC08BDF7" bold="true" box="[921,965,1753,1775]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBB3D2F3DADE59CFA93BDF7" ID-CoL="76H6R" authority="Forskal, 1775" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[980,1374,1753,1775]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Peneroplidae" genus="Peneroplis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3DADE59CFB67BDF7" bold="true" box="[980,1194,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Peneroplis pertusus</emphasis>
(Forskål, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3B09E59CFA51BDF7" bold="true" box="[1392,1436,1753,1775]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1–3.</emphasis>
QM#G465896 from ST/HW 10, lateral (1, 2) and oral (3) views. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3D55E5BDFC94BC16" bold="true" box="[812,857,1784,1806]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">4–5.</emphasis>
QM#G465805 from T2–3, lateral (4) and oral (5) views. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EEEE452FF0EBC35" bold="true" box="[151,195,1815,1837]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">6–7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBB3D2F3EB2E452FD5FBC35" ID-CoL="76H73" authority="Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798" authorityName="Fichtel &amp; Moll" authorityYear="1798" box="[203,658,1815,1837]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Peneroplidae" genus="Peneroplis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="planatus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EB2E452FE50BC35" bold="true" box="[203,413,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Peneroplis planatus</emphasis>
(Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
QM#G465995 from T1–10, lateral (6) and oral (7) views. Scale bar = 500 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EB5E470FDC4BC53" bold="true" box="[204,521,1845,1867]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
8–13. 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBB3D2F3F68E470FE45BC53" ID-CoL="7PS9H" box="[273,392,1845,1867]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3F68E470FE45BC53" bold="true" box="[273,392,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1. 8–9.
</emphasis>
QM#G465802 from T2–3, lateral (8) and oral (9) views. Scale bar = 200 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3B05E470FA51BC53" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1845,1867]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">10.</emphasis>
QM#G465781 from ST/HW 2, lateral view. Scale bar = 200 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3D4FE411FCB6BC72" bold="true" box="[822,891,1876,1898]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">11–13.</emphasis>
QM#G465982 from OTI 54, lateral (11), close up of intradermal plates (12) and oral (13) views. Scale bar for 12 = 50 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3D2EE436FC51BC91" bold="true" box="[855,924,1907,1929]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">14–20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFBB3D2F3DDBE436FA54BC91" ID-CoL="3Y5Y6" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1830" box="[930,1433,1907,1929]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Marginopora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3DDBE436FB6FBC91" bold="true" box="[930,1186,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marginopora vertebralis</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EEEE4D4FF11BCBF" bold="true" box="[151,220,1937,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">14–16.</emphasis>
QM#G465793 from T2–1, lateral view (14), scale bar = 200 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3DF8E4D4FC6CBCBF" bold="true" box="[897,929,1937,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">15.</emphasis>
Oral view. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3A61E4D4FBF5BCBF" bold="true" box="[1048,1080,1937,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">16.</emphasis>
Close-up oral view, scale bar = 50 µm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3EB4E4F5FEDEBCDE" bold="true" box="[205,275,1968,1990]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">17–18.</emphasis>
QM#G466030 from T2–5, lateral (17) and close-up oral (18) views. Scale bar for 17 = 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFBB3D2F3B2FE4F5FA51BCDE" bold="true" box="[1366,1436,1968,1990]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">19–20.</emphasis>
QM#G466020 from T1–2, lateral (19), oral (20) views. Scale bar for 19 = 2 mm. Scale bar for 20 = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFB83D2C3EBEE3D2FC41BA04" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Similarly, 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3F44E3DDFD15BBA8" ID-CoL="7WW8F" authority="Hofker 1930" authorityName="Hofker" authorityYear="1930" box="[317,728,151,176]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Sorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3F44E3DDFDE1BBA8" box="[317,556,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sorites orbitolitoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3C45E3D2FD02BBA8" author="Hofker" box="[572,719,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hofker, J. (1930) Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Part 2: Families Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Reophacidae, Anomalinidae, Peneroplidae. In: Siboga-Expeditie. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 79 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hofker 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3D02E3D2FBBDBBA8" author="Gudmundsson" box="[891,1136,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Gudmundsson, G. (1994) Phylogeny, ontogeny and systematicss of Recent Soritacea Ehrenberg, 1839 (Foraminiferida)." type="book chapter" year="1994">Gudmundsson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
from the Caribbean has a similar chamber arrangement to the CG tests, but again the Caribbean specimens have a far more extensive annular test stage and also bear apertures which align parallel with, or horizontal, to the test as opposed to the vertical or perpendicular orientation of CG specimen apertures (
<figureCitation id="131BABD8FFB83D2C3C92E241FCF2BA05" box="[747,831,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[248,1332,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 15. (Unless otherwise specified all scale bars = 100 µm). 1 – 5. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål, 1775). 1 – 3. QM # G 465896 from ST / HW 10, lateral (1, 2) and oral (3) views. 4 – 5. QM # G 465805 from T 2 – 3, lateral (4) and oral (5) views. 6 – 7. Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798) QM # G 465995 from T 1 – 10, lateral (6) and oral (7) views. Scale bar = 500 µm. 8 – 13. Parasorites sp. 1. 8 – 9. QM # G 465802 from T 2 – 3, lateral (8) and oral (9) views. Scale bar = 200 µm. 10. QM # G 465781 from ST / HW 2, lateral view. Scale bar = 200 µm. 11 – 13. QM # G 465982 from OTI 54, lateral (11), close up of intradermal plates (12) and oral (13) views. Scale bar for 12 = 50 µm. 14 – 20. Marginopora vertebralis Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1830. 14 – 16. QM # G 465793 from T 2 – 1, lateral view (14), scale bar = 200 µm. 15. Oral view. 16. Close-up oral view, scale bar = 50 µm. 17 – 18. QM # G 466030 from T 2 – 5, lateral (17) and close-up oral (18) views. Scale bar for 17 = 1 mm. 19 – 20. QM # G 466020 from T 1 – 2, lateral (19), oral (20) views. Scale bar for 19 = 2 mm. Scale bar for 20 = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272938/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
:9; 13).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AE4D6FFB83D2C3EBEE262FAA3B820" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFB83D2C3EBEE262FD93B9B0" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Specimens described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3FA4E262FDBEBA58" author="Brady" box="[477,627,295,320]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Brady, H. B. (1884) Report on the foraminifera dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 9 (21), 1 - 814." type="journal article" year="1884">Brady (1884)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3CE1E262FB83BA58" authority="Lamarck (1816)" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[664,1102,295,320]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Orbitolites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="marginalis">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3CE1E262FC5CBA58" box="[664,913,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Orbitolites marginalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3DE1E262FB83BA58" author="Lamarck" box="[920,1102,295,320]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentat les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leur familles, les genres, et la citation de principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentials de l'Animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Verdiere, Paris 612 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Honolulu Reefs and 
<collectingCountry id="F337F7CDFFB83D2C3EEEE209FF0CBA7D" box="[151,193,332,357]" name="Fiji" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, have the same vertically-oriented, elongate apertures along the peripheral margin as the CG specimens. However, the initial stage of test development appears to coil into several whorls before the chambers expand and flare into the style of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3FE6E2D0FDEFBAB4" box="[415,546,405,428]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3FE6E2D0FDEFBAB4" box="[415,546,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the chambers are raised above the reniform and annular test sections. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3F7AE2F2FE62BAC8" author="Lacroix" box="[259,431,439,464]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Lacroix, E. (1940) Les Orbitolites de la Baie de Cauda (Indochine). Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 787, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Lacroix (1940)</bibRefCitation>
reassigned Brady’s (1884, pl. 15, figs 1–5) specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3A21E2FDFB22BAC8" box="[1112,1263,439,464]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Orbitolites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="marginalis">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3A21E2FDFBABBAD7" box="[1112,1126,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3A0EE2F2FB22BAC8" box="[1143,1263,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">marginalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3B62E2FCFE08BAEC" authority="Hofker 1930" authorityName="Hofker" authorityYear="1930" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Praesorites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3B62E2FCFEE3BAED" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Praesorites orbitolitoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3F4DE299FE08BAEC" author="Hofker" box="[308,453,476,501]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hofker, J. (1930) Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Part 2: Families Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Reophacidae, Anomalinidae, Peneroplidae. In: Siboga-Expeditie. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 79 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hofker 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="549B09FFFFB83D2C3F81E298FDE5BAED" box="[504,552,477,501]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
species for 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3CD4E298FCFDBAEC" box="[685,816,477,500]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3CD4E298FCFDBAEC" box="[685,816,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Then after noting a distinct difference in the initial test structure, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3F72E2BAFE74B900" author="Lacroix" box="[267,441,511,536]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Lacroix, E. (1940) Les Orbitolites de la Baie de Cauda (Indochine). Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 787, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Lacroix (1940)</bibRefCitation>
reassigned some of Brady’s (1884, pl. 15, figs 1–3, 5) specimens to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3A8AE145FEFCB924" authority="Lacroix 1940" authorityName="Lacroix" authorityYear="1940" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Sorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="hofkeri">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3A8AE145FA51B900" box="[1267,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sorites hofkeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3EEEE161FEFCB924" author="Lacroix" box="[151,305,548,573]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Lacroix, E. (1940) Les Orbitolites de la Baie de Cauda (Indochine). Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 787, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Lacroix 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the remaining specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3CE1E161FC07B925" author="Brady" box="[664,970,548,573]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Brady, H. B. (1884) Report on the foraminifera dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 9 (21), 1 - 814." type="journal article" year="1884">Brady 1884, pl. 15, fig. 5</bibRefCitation>
) to 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3D86E160FEFDB978" authority="Hofker 1930" authorityName="Hofker" authorityYear="1930" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Sorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="subSpecies" species="hofkeri" subSpecies="orbitolitoides">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3D86E160FB6AB925" box="[1023,1191,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sorites hofkeri</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3B7CE161FA51B925" box="[1285,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">orbitolitoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3EEEE102FEFDB978" author="Hofker" box="[151,304,583,608]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hofker, J. (1930) Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Part 2: Families Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Reophacidae, Anomalinidae, Peneroplidae. In: Siboga-Expeditie. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 79 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hofker 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3FC1E102FDA5B978" author="Lacroix" box="[440,616,583,608]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Lacroix, E. (1940) Les Orbitolites de la Baie de Cauda (Indochine). Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 787, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Lacroix (1940)</bibRefCitation>
noted Brady’s (1884) specimens possessed a different test structure compared to his own specimens from Indochina, 
<collectingCountry id="F337F7CDFFB83D2C3CB8E129FCE5B99D" box="[705,808,620,645]" name="Australia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Australia</collectingCountry>
and east Africa, he considered such differences to be of varietal significance only (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1CAACFFB83D2C3FB9E1CAFD9FB9B0" author="Barker" box="[448,594,655,680]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Barker, R. W. (1960) Taxonomic Notes on the Species Figured by H. B. Brady in his Report on the Foraminifera Dredged by H. M. S. Challenger During the Years 1873 - 1876. The Collegiate Press, George Banta Company Inc, Menasha, Wisconsin, 240 pp." type="book chapter" year="1960">Barker 1960</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFB83D2C3EBEE1F0FAA3B820" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">It is clear from examining previous synonymy lists for this genus that a confident identification of the CG specimens remains quite difficult. The specimens from the CG lack a well-developed annular test stage and this may be due to a dominance of juvenile specimens, but additional material is required to determine the true scope of intraspecific variation displayed by this taxon. Without this, a definitive species identification cannot be made.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AE4D6FFB83D2C3EBEE001FE1CB8F4" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9FB75DFFB83D2C3EBEE001FE1CB8F4" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3EBEE001FD85B845" bold="true" box="[199,584,836,861]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Distribution within study area.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3C2CE000FD15B844" box="[597,728,837,860]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3C2CE000FD15B844" box="[597,728,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 was found in low abundance with only one to three specimens being collected per site. This taxon was most common at site 
<quantity id="4CD81AB8FFB83D2C3DA1E02DFBDFB898" box="[984,1042,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
One Tree Lagoon 3 and site 
<quantity id="4CD81AB8FFB83D2C3B1BE02DFA50B898" box="[1378,1437,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="38.0">38 in</quantity>
One Tree Lagoon 1. Specimens were also collected at three sites from Heron Reef flat and Heron Lagoon and was only found at site 
<quantity id="4CD81AB8FFB83D2C3F09E0F5FE60B8D0" box="[368,429,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
Wistari Lagoon. 
<taxonomicName id="4C20CCDEFFB83D2C3C02E0F4FD33B8D0" box="[635,766,945,968]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Parasorites" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9546B4FFFB83D2C3C02E0F4FD33B8D0" box="[635,766,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parasorites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 was not collected from Sykes Reef, or the channel between Wistari and Heron.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>