770 lines
94 KiB
XML
770 lines
94 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F303ECE7F2DF386F9B8EBD5E39B6F545">Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of † Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A029D0BCD8527052AE610B2361E53E5D">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3D929D6A5789A3B9489F090A298ABDB">Richter, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B61FF59777C93CE0ACE6EB4FA3D9B907">Katzke, Julian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5DF4BB54FCB93756938F93F177201E4">Chaul, Júlio C. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8215DB59B11FE157A9848D2E081DE77F">Keller, Roberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC17FD36B398E2B570726891A9BA2138">Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2DBDAA5054ADA3E70B2DA402A7DBB0A">Beutel, Rolf Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="573329BE5D9ABBC7F35DE22E052300D8">Yamamoto, Shûhei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8B405F8BF3B48CA31F4EC9069DF5DA2C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7DD230A3F7C14CE769B64386A5D9FE2C">2022-02-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F04B36A45FE8B00666A3EFB2314EFEE2">195</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14C2586CDB778409F6080B0B4EC6B643" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038287F4FFE7AA21D101F8B5FE289177" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6986096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199312766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6986096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287F4FFE7AA21D101F8B5FE289177" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287F4FFE7AA21D101F8B5FE289177" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1363" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361">
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<subSubSection id="C3316569FFE7AA2ED101F8B5FA14971E" box="[822,1411,1827,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE7AA2ED101F8B5FA14971E" blockId="6.[822,1411,1827,1852]" box="[822,1411,1827,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361">
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<heading id="D0DC818EFFE7AA2ED101F8B5FA14971E" box="[822,1411,1827,1852]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" reason="2">
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GENUS †
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE7AA2ED1ADF8B5FA14971E" authority="NEL & PERRAULT, 2004" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[922,1411,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE7AA2ED1ADF8B5FBF89718" box="[922,1135,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361">GERONTOFORMICA</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE7AA2ED642F8B5FA14971E" author="Nel A & Perrault G & Perrichot V & Neraudeau D" box="[1141,1411,1827,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref24827" refString="Nel A, Perrault G, Perrichot V, Neraudeau D. 2004. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente- Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta 2: 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">NEL & PERRAULT, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316569FFE7AA2ED11EF8DAFB5A97A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE7AA2ED11EF8DAFB5A97A2" blockId="6.[809,1424,1867,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361">
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||
= †
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE7AA2ED179F8DDFAD69743" authority="Engel & Grimaldi, 2005" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[846,1345,1867,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE7AA2ED179F8DDFB8D9742" box="[846,1050,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE7AA2ED615F8DDFAD69743" author="Engel MS & Grimaldi DA" box="[1058,1345,1867,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23909" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
junior syn.:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE7AA2ED153F8FCFB1897A2" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[868,1167,1898,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref22888" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 518.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316569FFE6AA21D2E3FF52FE289177" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1364" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2E3FF52FD4D90F9" blockId="7.[212,730,196,221]" box="[212,730,196,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
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||
<heading id="D0DC818EFFE6AA2FD2E3FF52FD4D90F9" box="[212,730,196,221]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" reason="2">
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||
TAXONOMIC SYNOPSIS OF †
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD032FF52FD4D90F9" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[517,730,196,219]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD032FF52FD4D90F9" box="[517,730,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">GERONTOFORMICA</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD28EFF6BFD8B9112" blockId="7.[185,778,252,305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
I. Species group of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD381FF6BFD8D9130" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[438,538,253,274]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD381FF6BFD8D9130" box="[438,538,253,274]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">cretacica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(newly recognized) (
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2E9FE8DFECB9112" box="[222,348,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Charentese</emphasis>
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amber) [Note 1]:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FECCFD03918E" blockId="7.[195,779,346,460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
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||
1. †
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FECCFD3C914D" authority="Nel & Perrault, 2004" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[239,683,346,368]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FECCFEE8914D" box="[239,383,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. cretacica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD3A3FECCFD3C914D" author="Nel A & Perrault G & Perrichot V & Neraudeau D" box="[404,683,346,368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref24827" refString="Nel A, Perrault G, Perrichot V, Neraudeau D. 2004. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente- Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta 2: 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">Nel & Perrault, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD088FECCFEAB91AF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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||
(new status) [Note 2] –
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<typeStatus id="54908840FFE6AA2FD06CFEEFFD0491AC" box="[603,659,377,398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Type</typeStatus>
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species of †
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FE01FD03918E" authority="Nel & Perrault, 2004" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[239,660,407,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FE01FE08918E" box="[239,415,407,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD391FE01FD03918E" author="Nel A & Perrault G & Perrichot V & Neraudeau D" box="[422,660,407,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref24827" refString="Nel A, Perrault G, Perrichot V, Neraudeau D. 2004. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente- Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta 2: 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">Nel & Perrault, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FE20FD0191E9" blockId="7.[195,779,346,460]" box="[195,662,438,460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
2. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FE20FD0191E9" authority="(Perrichot et al., 2008)" box="[239,662,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FE20FE0391E9" box="[239,404,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD394FE20FD1991E9" author="Perrichot V & Nel A & Neraudeau D & Lacau S & Guyot T" box="[419,654,438,460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref25043" refString="Perrichot V, Nel A, Neraudeau D, Lacau S, Guyot T. 2008. New fossil ants in French Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 95: 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Perrichot
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD024FE20FDDC91E9" box="[531,587,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294FE73FE8C923B" blockId="7.[163,778,484,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
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II. Species group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD349FE72FE4491DB" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[382,467,484,505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD349FE72FE4491DB" box="[382,467,484,505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(newly recognized) (
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD08EFE72FC9D91DB" box="[697,778,484,505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE6AA2FD08EFE72FC9D91DB" box="[697,778,484,505]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Kachin</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
amber):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FDA4FD0D9265" blockId="7.[195,779,562,676]" box="[195,666,562,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
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3. †
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FDA4FD0D9265" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,666,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FDA4FEF49265" box="[239,355,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. gracilis</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD345FDA4FD049265" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[370,659,562,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FDC6FD0C9247" blockId="7.[195,779,562,676]" box="[195,667,592,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
4. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FDC7FD0C9247" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,667,592,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FDC7FEF39247" box="[239,356,592,614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD344FDC6FD039247" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[371,660,592,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FDF9FC9C9281" blockId="7.[195,779,562,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
5. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FDF9FD0C92A6" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,667,623,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FDF9FEF392A6" box="[239,356,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD344FDF9FD0392A6" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[371,660,623,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Note 3] 6. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FD18FD3C9281" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,683,654,676]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FD18FEED9281" box="[239,378,654,675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. subcuspis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD3BFFD18FD339281" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[392,676,654,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Note 3]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294FD2BFD0192F0" blockId="7.[163,662,700,722]" box="[163,662,700,722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<heading id="D0DC818EFFE6AA2FD294FD2BFD0192F0" box="[163,662,700,722]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" reason="2">
|
||
III. Species group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD3A5FD2AFE4192F3" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[402,470,700,721]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD3A5FD2AFE4192F3" box="[402,470,700,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD3D1FD2AFDA092F3" box="[486,567,700,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE6AA2FD3D1FD2AFDA092F3" box="[486,567,700,721]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
amber):
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FD7DFD979322" blockId="7.[184,667,747,861]" box="[195,512,747,768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
7. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FD7DFE319322" authority="Boudinot & Richter & Katzke & Chaul & Keller & Economo & Beutel & Yamamoto, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Richter & Katzke & Chaul & Keller & Economo & Beutel & Yamamoto" authorityYear="2022" box="[239,422,747,768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternorhabda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FD7DFE319322" box="[239,422,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. sternorhabda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C578BFFE6AA2FD39AFD7DFD979322" box="[429,512,747,768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FC9CFD0C933D" blockId="7.[184,667,747,861]" box="[195,667,778,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
8. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FC9CFD0C933D" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,667,778,800]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contega">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FC9CFEF4933D" box="[239,355,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. contega</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD345FC9CFD04933D" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[370,659,778,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD2F4FCBEFD03931F" blockId="7.[184,667,747,861]" box="[195,660,808,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
9. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2D8FCBFFD03931F" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[239,660,808,830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2D8FCBFFECA931C" box="[239,349,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. magna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD35CFCBEFD1B931F" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[363,652,808,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD28FFCD1FD18937E" blockId="7.[184,667,747,861]" box="[184,655,839,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
10. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2C3FCD1FD18937E" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[244,655,839,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2C3FCD1FEC0937E" box="[244,343,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD351FCD1FD10937E" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[358,647,839,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294FCE0FEEC9388" blockId="7.[163,778,886,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
IV.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2F9FCE0FEE293A9" box="[206,373,886,907]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2F9FCE0FEE293A9" box="[206,373,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species group within genus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2FCFC02FE8B938B" box="[203,284,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE6AA2FD2FCFC02FE8B938B" box="[203,284,916,937]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
amber):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD292FC55FD509434" blockId="7.[165,779,963,1046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
(11.) †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2DBFC55FD2393FA" authority="(Engel & Grimaldi, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[236,692,963,985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2DBFC55FEEB93FA" box="[236,380,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD3B8FC55FD3B93FB" author="Engel MS & Grimaldi DA" box="[399,684,963,985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23909" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD088FC52FEAE93D5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
(new status) [Note 4] –
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE6AA2FD06DFC74FD0593D5" box="[602,658,994,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2DBFB96FD509434" authority="Engel & Grimaldi, 2005" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[236,711,1024,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2DBFB96FE279437" box="[236,432,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD380FB96FD509434" author="Engel MS & Grimaldi DA" box="[439,711,1024,1046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23909" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD292FBB9FDB99441" blockId="7.[165,778,1071,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
(12.) †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2DBFBB9FD269466" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[236,689,1071,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2DBFBB9FEC89467" box="[236,351,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD343FBB9FD3E9466" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[372,681,1071,1093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD088FBA6FEAE9441" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
(new status) [Note 5]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD292FBEAFDC29493" blockId="7.[165,778,1148,1201]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
(13.) †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2DBFBEBFD2794B3" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[236,688,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2DBFBEBFECF94B3" box="[236,344,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD358FBEAFD3F94B3" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[367,680,1148,1170]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD088FBEBFEAE9492" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
(new status) [Notes 5, 6]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294FB69FE239534" blockId="7.[163,436,1278,1302]" box="[163,436,1278,1302]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<heading id="D0DC818EFFE6AA2FD294FB69FE239534" box="[163,436,1278,1302]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294FB69FE239534" box="[163,436,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Notes on classification</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294FABEFDC395D7" blockId="7.[163,779,1319,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294FABEFF65951E" box="[163,242,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Note 1:</emphasis>
|
||
Under the label of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD3ECFAB1FDD0951E" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[475,583,1319,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD3ECFAB1FDD0951E" box="[475,583,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group’,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD095FAB1FED0957E" author="Boudinot BE & Perrichot V & Chaul JCM" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23443" refString="Boudinot BE, Perrichot V, Chaul JCM. 2020 b. † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005: 21 - 55." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294FAD0FF769579" box="[163,225,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
previously united the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD050FAD0FD449579" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[615,723,1350,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD050FAD0FD449579" box="[615,723,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD294FAF2FF6A955B" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[163,253,1380,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294FAF2FF6A955B" box="[163,253,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups with the species †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD00DFAF3FD59955B" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[570,718,1380,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD00DFAF3FD59955B" box="[570,718,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD294FA12FE9D95BB" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[163,266,1412,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294FA12FE9D95BB" box="[163,266,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD370FA15FE0895BA" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[327,415,1411,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD370FA15FE0895BA" box="[327,415,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups are here divided based on the distinct forms of their petioles. The species †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD298FA57FEAF95F7" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[175,312,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD298FA57FEAF95F7" box="[175,312,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of insufficient preservation for specieslevel identification (see Note 4 below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD294F9B8FB0791F2" blockId="7.[163,779,1582,1880]" lastBlockId="7.[827,1443,197,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD294F9B8FF6E9661" box="[163,249,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Note 2:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE6AA2FD30AF9B8FE339666" box="[317,420,1582,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD3ECF9B8FC9C9661" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[475,779,1582,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD3ECF9B8FC9C9661" box="[475,779,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly preserved, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD013F9DAFF7C96A3" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref22888" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with obvious distortions and elongation of the scapes and flagella, and little detail of the body visible. Due to this unfortunate circumstance, we newly consider †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD325F951FE0496FF" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[274,403,1735,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD325F951FE0496FF" box="[274,403,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD3D5F95EFD1C96FE" box="[482,651,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
. It remains in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD2C2F970FEF796D9" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[245,352,1766,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD2C2F970FEF796D9" box="[245,352,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group of †
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD070F970FC9D96D9" box="[583,778,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD070F970FC9196D9" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[583,774,1766,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gerontoformica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
because it is the type species of the genus. However, it will be highly desirable to clarify the identity of this species through examination and description of more Charentese ants. At present, the only distinction between †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD199FF72FBA590DB" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[942,1074,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD199FF72FBA590DB" box="[942,1074,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the co-eval †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD6CBFF72FA3490DB" box="[1276,1443,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD6CBFF72FA3490DB" box="[1276,1443,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is not apparently affected by preservation is body size, with the former having a longer mesosoma than the latter (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B07FFE6AA2FD1F5FED6FB8A9177" box="[962,1053,320,341]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B07FFE6AA2FD667FED6FB3A9177" box="[1104,1197,320,341]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively). Body size is, of course, highly variable among nestmates of crown ants, thus is a weak diagnostic trait when used in isolation and without the quantification of variation across conspecific individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA2FD10CFD94FBEC95EF" blockId="7.[827,1445,513,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD10CFD94FC189234" box="[827,911,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Note 3:</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD19EFD97FB539234" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[937,1220,513,534]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD19EFD97FB539234" box="[937,1220,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD739FD97FA349234" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1294,1443,513,534]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD739FD97FA349234" box="[1294,1443,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. subcuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were difficult to separate in the present study based on the available anatomical evidence and may be conspecific. Specifically, we observe that, in addition to conditions outlined in the key (see that section below), the two species are highly similar in the following conditions, which we only roughly characterize here: (1) proportions and fine details of the head, including frontal carina shape; (2) the degree of mesonotal, metanotal and propodeal convexity; (3) the width of separation between the meso- and metanota plus metanotum and propodeum; (4) the shape and proportions of the petiolar node; and (5) the form of the third abdominal (first ‘gastral’) segment. It is possible that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD1D5FC39FBCE93E1" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[994,1113,942,964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD1D5FC39FBCE93E1" box="[994,1113,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD6A8FC39FABA93E1" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1183,1325,942,964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD6A8FC39FABA93E1" box="[1183,1325,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. subcuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent the smaller and larger ranges of body size of a single species, with the former reported to have a total body length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B07FFE6AA2FD19DFB9CFBDA9402" box="[938,1101,1034,1056]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.72" metricValueMax="5.22" metricValueMin="4.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" unit="mm" value="4.72" valueMax="5.22" valueMin="4.22">4.22–5.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the latter
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B07FFE6AA2FD6C8FB9CFA349402" box="[1279,1443,1034,1056]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.555" metricValueMax="5.76" metricValueMin="5.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" unit="mm" value="5.555" valueMax="5.76" valueMin="5.35">5.35–5.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD174FBBFFBE3941C" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[835,1140,1065,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our focal uncertainties relate to the shapes and setational patterns of the tarsi of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD197FBF1FBB89459" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[928,1071,1126,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD197FBF1FBB89459" box="[928,1071,1126,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. subcuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the form of the subpetiolar process and prora of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD60AFB13FB2194B8" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1085,1206,1157,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD60AFB13FB2194B8" box="[1085,1206,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A potential feature separating the two species is the distance of the toruli from the posterior clypeal margin, which appears to be narrower in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD1EFFB77FBD994D4" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[984,1102,1249,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD1EFFB77FBD994D4" box="[984,1102,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relative to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD6D7FB77FAF994D4" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1248,1390,1249,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD6D7FB77FAF994D4" box="[1248,1390,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. subcuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this could be a visual artefact caused by the apparent light distortion in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE6AA2FD619FA88FB189516" box="[1070,1167,1310,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
image of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD734FA89FAE19511" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1283,1398,1310,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD734FA89FAE19511" box="[1283,1398,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We recommend further re-evaluation of these two species, ideally using µ-CT and additional light photography to resolve the uncertainties of the tarsi, toruli and sternal processes of the metasoma. See also Note 1 on the diagnosis of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD637FA2EFBE395EE" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1024,1140,1463,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD637FA2EFBE395EE" box="[1024,1140,1463,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE6AA20D10CFA64FF669193" blockId="7.[827,1444,1521,1880]" lastBlockId="8.[145,761,197,433]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1363" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD10CFA64FC1D9624" box="[827,906,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Note 4:</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD194FA67FB519624" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[931,1222,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD194FA67FB519624" box="[931,1222,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE6AA2FD6C9FA67FAB89624" box="[1278,1327,1521,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD170F999FB999606" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[839,1038,1551,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD170F999FB999606" box="[839,1038,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is identifiable as †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD6C7F986FA349607" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1264,1443,1552,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD6C7F986FA349607" box="[1264,1443,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relative to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD1E3F9B8FA349666" authority="Wilson & Brown, 1967" authorityName="Wilson & Brown" authorityYear="1967" box="[980,1443,1582,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD1E3F9B8FB179661" box="[980,1152,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Sphecomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
Wilson & Brown, 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of the anteromedian clypeal process and presence of traction setae/ chaetae along the anterior clypeal margin, as recognized in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD1F0F93FFB46969D" author="Engel MS & Grimaldi DA" box="[967,1233,1705,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23909" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE6AA2FD10CF951FBD596FF" author="Boudinot BE & Perrichot V & Chaul JCM" box="[827,1090,1735,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23443" refString="Boudinot BE, Perrichot V, Chaul JCM. 2020 b. † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005: 21 - 55." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD19CF95EFC7396FE" box="[939,996,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD6DCF95EFA0A96FF" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1259,1437,1736,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD6DCF95EFA0A96FF" box="[1259,1437,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the species †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE6AA2FD1ECF970FBE496D9" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[987,1139,1766,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE6AA2FD1ECF970FBE496D9" box="[987,1139,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1362">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unidentifiable due to poor preservation. No details of the head are clearly observable, except for the antenna, mandibles and anterior clypeal margin, while the mesosoma appears strongly distorted, the petiole is obscured, and the metasoma is mostly disarticulated.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D072FF72FF7F913A" author="Boudinot BE & Perrichot V & Chaul JCM" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23443" refString="Boudinot BE, Perrichot V, Chaul JCM. 2020 b. † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005: 21 - 55." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D08BFF73FD6E90DB" box="[700,761,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D379FE95FE4B9135" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[334,476,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D379FE95FE4B9135" box="[334,476,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D006FE94FD089135" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[561,671,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D006FE94FD089135" box="[561,671,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group along with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE9AA20D3BDFEB4FE2B9115" box="[394,444,290,311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D071FEB7FD6E9114" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[582,761,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D071FEB7FD6E9114" box="[582,761,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the absence of the cinctus of abdominal segment IV. As a more refined placement is not possible, we newly consider this species to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D09AFEE8FF7D9193" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA20D2A6FE4DFD2C935D" blockId="8.[145,761,474,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2A6FE4DFF7291D2" box="[145,229,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Note 5:</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D337FE4DFD8491D2" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[256,531,475,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D337FE4DFD8491D2" box="[256,531,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D068FE4DFD5E91CD" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[607,713,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D068FE4DFD5E91CD" box="[607,713,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are newly considered as
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D3B2FE6CFDBD922C" box="[389,554,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">nomina dubia</emphasis>
|
||
due to their poor preservation, being strongly desiccated and thus distorted. Both species appear to have some degree of abdominal segment III petiolation, as observed in the three confirmed members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D056FDE2FD3092AB" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[609,679,628,649]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D056FDE2FD3092AB" box="[609,679,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, but it cannot be determined whether this is natural or exaggerated due to preservation. It is possible, but not yet determinable, that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D3D5FD46FDC392C7" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[482,596,720,741]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D3D5FD46FDC392C7" box="[482,596,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conspecific with †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D2E0FD79FEDD9321" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[215,330,750,772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2E0FD79FEDD9321" box="[215,330,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D3A9FD79FD9E9326" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[414,521,751,772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D3A9FD79FD9E9326" box="[414,521,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D00EFD79FD0B9321" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[569,668,750,772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D00EFD79FD0B9321" box="[569,668,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do have sculptured integument remains possible but requires substantiation via additional material of these species. We note that little surface texture variation has been explicitly documented among stem ants thus far.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA20D2A6FC3EFEFB9626" blockId="8.[145,761,936,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2A6FC3EFF7A939F" box="[145,237,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Note 6:</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D33DFC3EFDBE939F" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[266,553,936,957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D33DFC3EFDBE939F" box="[266,553,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D2A6FC50FE7A93FE" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[145,493,966,988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as having a medial clypeal lobe. This anteromedian lobe not only bears traction setae/chaetae, as previously observed, but is also lateromedially broader and proximodistally shorter than that of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D3A4FBD7FDAD9474" authorityName="Wilson & Brown" authorityYear="1967" box="[403,570,1089,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D3A4FBD7FDAD9474" box="[403,570,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given the poor preservation, it is possible that the apparent lobate form may be due to distortion of the amber matrix, as the lobe consists of the entire medial portion of the clypeus, which is distinct from the lateral clypeal lobes. Based on direct examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE9AA20D040FB4CFD4C94D2" box="[631,731,1242,1264]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, it appears that there is a transverse mesonotal carina in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D2F7FA8EFEBB950F" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[192,300,1304,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2F7FA8EFEBB950F" box="[192,300,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this also requires re-evaluation. Without additional specimens having an exaggerated and broadly, medially lobate clypeus, we remain uncertain about the identity of the species. A state of potential value for confirming the identity of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D2AAFA27FE9295E4" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[157,261,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2AAFA27FE9295E4" box="[157,261,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from additional material is the absence of teeth on the pretarsal claws, as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D094FA46FEF29621" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA20D2A6F9ABFF699677" blockId="8.[145,254,1597,1621]" box="[145,254,1597,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2A6F9ABFF699677" box="[145,254,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA20D2A6F9F3FB8492AA" blockId="8.[145,760,1637,1904]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
The genus †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D302F9F3FE6A9658" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[309,509,1637,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D302F9F3FE6A9658" box="[309,509,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently consists of 13 species, including the newly described †
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D2A9F935FEE79695" box="[158,368,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D2A9F935FEFA9695" authorityName="Boudinot & Richter & Katzke & Chaul & Keller & Economo & Beutel & Yamamoto" authorityYear="2022" box="[158,365,1698,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternorhabda">G. sternorhabda</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE9AA20D384F934FDBE969A" box="[435,553,1698,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of nine of these species are sufficiently preserved for species-level identification, with eight of these being sufficiently defined given the potential synonymy of two (see Note 3 above). At the generic level, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D074F88BFD6F9710" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[579,760,1821,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D074F88BFD6F9710" box="[579,760,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D303F8AAFE4B9773" authorityName="Wilson & Brown" authorityYear="1967" box="[308,476,1852,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D303F8AAFE4B9773" box="[308,476,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by presence of traction setae/chaetae along the anterior clypeal margin and absence of a narrow anteromedian clypeal lobe. These two conditions were used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D643FF72FA0690D8" author="Engel MS & Grimaldi DA" box="[1140,1425,228,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23909" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to establish the genus †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D677FE94FA9E9135" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[1088,1289,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D677FE94FA9E9135" box="[1088,1289,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was synonymized under †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D618FEB7FB7C9114" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1071,1259,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D618FEB7FB7C9114" box="[1071,1259,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D72DFEB7FC7C9174" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref22888" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
after examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE9AA20D71DFED6FA079174" box="[1322,1424,320,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the type species of the latter taxon. Collectively, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D101FEEBFC6691B0" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[822,1009,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D101FEEBFC6691B0" box="[822,1009,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D609FEEBFA9A91B0" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[1086,1293,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D609FEEBFA9A91B0" box="[1086,1293,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been revised piecemeal after the former’s establishment by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D17AFE2CFB9C91F2" author="Nel A & Perrault G & Perrichot V & Neraudeau D" box="[845,1035,442,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref24827" refString="Nel A, Perrault G, Perrichot V, Neraudeau D. 2004. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente- Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta 2: 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D149FE2DFC2E91ED" box="[894,953,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Specifically,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D69CFE2CFCE091CC" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="93627" refId="ref22858" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 9: e 93627." type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added nine species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D685FE4FFBF5922C" authority=", Barden & Grimaldi (2016)" authorityName=", Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D685FE4FFA1E91CC" box="[1202,1417,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D11EFE6EFBF5922C" author="Barden P & Grimaldi D" box="[809,1122,504,526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref22888" refString="Barden P, Grimaldi D. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transferred all species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D102FD80FC6A9209" authorityName=", Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" box="[821,1021,534,555]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D102FD80FC6A9209" box="[821,1021,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D606FD80FB729209" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1073,1253,534,555]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D606FD80FB729209" box="[1073,1253,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D711FD80FC289269" author="Boudinot BE & Perrichot V & Chaul JCM" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23443" refString="Boudinot BE, Perrichot V, Chaul JCM. 2020 b. † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys 1005: 21 - 55." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D11EFDA0FCF59268" box="[809,866,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved one species to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D6FCFDA0FAC99269" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[1227,1374,566,587]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D6FCFDA0FAC99269" box="[1227,1374,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Myanmyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and recognized two morphologically defined groups of species in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA20D176FD04FAC19584" blockId="8.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
To understand the shifting boundaries of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D102FD26FC7292E7" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[821,997,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D102FD26FC7292E7" box="[821,997,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the light of the present µ-CT-driven study, we detail the species-level history of the genus. Species attributed to the genus are distributed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE9AA20D708FD7BFA069321" box="[1343,1425,749,771]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber (11 total) and Charentese amber (two total). The Charentese species, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D62BFCBDFB089362" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1052,1183,811,832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D62BFCBDFB089362" box="[1052,1183,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D6D1FCBDFA1C931D" box="[1254,1419,810,832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D6D1FCBDFA1C931D" box="[1254,1419,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were described four years apart by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D6E6FCDFFA06937C" author="Nel A & Perrault G & Perrichot V & Neraudeau D" box="[1233,1425,841,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref24827" refString="Nel A, Perrault G, Perrichot V, Neraudeau D. 2004. The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente- Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta 2: 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D734FCDCFAA9937C" box="[1283,1342,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B13FFE9AA20D157FCFEFBF8935F" author="Perrichot V & Nel A & Neraudeau D & Lacau S & Guyot T" box="[864,1135,872,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref25043" refString="Perrichot V, Nel A, Neraudeau D, Lacau S, Guyot T. 2008. New fossil ants in French Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 95: 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Perrichot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D1ECFCFEFB8E935F" box="[987,1049,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively. Perrichot
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D11EFC11FCCC93B9" box="[809,859,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. described the smaller-bodied †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D6FEFC11FAE793B9" box="[1225,1392,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D6FEFC11FAE793B9" box="[1225,1392,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D102FC33FC689398" authorityName=", Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" box="[821,1023,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphecomyrmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D102FC33FC689398" box="[821,1023,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Sphecomyrmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in comparison to the type species of that genus – †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D1C3FC52FB1093FB" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1012,1159,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D1C3FC52FB1093FB" box="[1012,1159,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE9AA20D6E6FC52FAB193F8" box="[1233,1318,964,986]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber – without comparison to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D67DFC75FB4393DA" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1098,1236,995,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D67DFC75FB4393DA" box="[1098,1236,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, given the current status of morphological knowledge, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54908840FFE9AA20D161FBB6FC529414" box="[854,965,1056,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of both †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D604FBB6FB559417" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1075,1218,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D604FBB6FB559417" box="[1075,1218,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D73DFBB6FA069417" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1290,1425,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D73DFBB6FA069417" box="[1290,1425,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are too poorly preserved to allow for confident specieslevel identification. However, both Charentese species uniquely share a distinct, nearly squamiform petiolar shape, with the node being anteroposteriorly narrow and dorsoventrally tall; this indicates that the Charentese species are closely related to one another, relative to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE9AA20D1D6FB60FBA0952E" box="[993,1079,1270,1292]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
species. For this reason, we group †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D14AFA83FC699509" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[893,1022,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D14AFA83FC699509" box="[893,1022,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D676FA83FB739508" box="[1089,1252,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D676FA83FB739508" box="[1089,1252,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D11EFAA2FC1A956B" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[809,909,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D11EFAA2FC1A956B" box="[809,909,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. It is possible that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D738FAA2FA06956B" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1295,1425,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D738FAA2FA06956B" box="[1295,1425,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. cretacica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D151FAC5FB9D9545" box="[870,1034,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D151FAC5FB9D9545" box="[870,1034,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspecific, but any taxonomic action should wait for the accumulation and processing of more material from the Charentese formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436E2FFE9AA21D176FA38FE289177" blockId="8.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="9.[163,779,197,342]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1364" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
The identifiable
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE9AA20D1C8FA38FBC695E6" box="[1023,1105,1454,1476]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
species of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D6EDFA38FA1C95E1" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[1242,1419,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D6EDFA38FA1C95E1" box="[1242,1419,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. excluding †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D1E6FA5BFBCB95C0" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[977,1116,1485,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D1E6FA5BFBCB95C0" box="[977,1116,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D642FA5BFB7695C1" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1141,1249,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D642FA5BFB7695C1" box="[1141,1249,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D710FA5BFA1C95C0" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1319,1419,1485,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tendir">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D710FA5BFA1C95C0" box="[1319,1419,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. tendir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are evenly distributed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D64BFA7AFB669623" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1148,1265,1516,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D64BFA7AFB669623" box="[1148,1265,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D71BFA7AFA069623" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1324,1425,1516,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D71BFA7AFA069623" box="[1324,1425,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups, with four species each. All species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D77AF99CFA06963D" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1357,1425,1546,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D77AF99CFA06963D" box="[1357,1425,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are highly distinct in body form and setation, with †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D142F9DEFBA0967E" authorityName="Boudinot & Richter & Katzke & Chaul & Keller & Economo & Beutel & Yamamoto" authorityYear="2022" box="[885,1079,1607,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternorhabda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D142F9DEFBA0967E" box="[885,1079,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. sternorhabda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being an outlier, having the smallest body size and least pronounced constriction of the fourth abdominal segment, in addition to other defining features (see the species diagnosis below). In contrast, species of the newly recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D11EF977FC1696D4" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[809,897,1761,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D11EF977FC1696D4" box="[809,897,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are all largely similar to one another, without easily recognizable diagnostic structures. The most distinct
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF800FFE9AA20D1FBF888FBB79716" box="[972,1056,1822,1844]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D6E7F888FABF9711" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1232,1320,1822,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D6E7F888FABF9711" box="[1232,1320,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE9AA20D101F8ABFC259770" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[822,946,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE9AA20D101F8ABFC259770" box="[822,946,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1363">G. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a boxy mesosoma, with the meso- and metanota forming a nearly linear dorsal margin in lateral view. The other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE8AA21D081FF53FC9C90F8" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[694,779,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE8AA21D081FF53FC9C90F8" box="[694,779,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1364">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have a multi-humped profile due to the bulgelike development of the meso- and metanota and are otherwise similar to one another (see Note 1 on the diagnosis of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D61FFE8AA21D30BFED6FE279177" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[316,432,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF0FFE8AA21D30BFED6FE279177" box="[316,432,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1364">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |