168 lines
17 KiB
XML
168 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="293AF0DC65A0FDEB3C1F1EC13CA09324" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.8SLASH11175" ID-CLB-Dataset="32935" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4aa3de43-bd81-41d0-986c-898f286dbacd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892456" ID-ZooBank="C7F0C9FC-D3A9-45C6-96F1-1F628479AAA7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1496132963209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pikart, Tiago G., Costa, Valmir A., Hansson, Christer, De Cristo, Sandra C. & Vitorino, Marcelo D." docDate="2017" docId="03D187E1FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFBC6F973" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4272.3.8SLASH11175.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4272 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Horismenus Walker" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="431" masterDocId="FFE8FF99FFF5EF35FFC1FFF9FFB2FFAD" masterDocTitle="A survey for potential biological control agents of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Brazil reveals two new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)" masterLastPageNumber="438" masterPageNumber="430" pageNumber="431" updateTime="1698440081018" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="95939207A9B445B1E12C162ABCBF1F57" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="57A96D459EBD5D5BAEB9A3A9AE480208">
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<mods:title id="2FEB2A3DB80B88B8E1470433AFFA2660">A survey for potential biological control agents of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Brazil reveals two new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="939756D4E6141D80AD2DE5ADEA3C744D">Pikart, Tiago G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E24306D883BD57C8401E7D137A4FC53">Costa, Valmir A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1727ECF675E72AFD146F7A670A00FED9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="71B792F590D0F63445874E66F9B0EB6A">Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3CFA348F80447AF12FFEAA5F2034DCDA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C44B5D8E1FA28839DA9F0D0C1FC7B44D">De Cristo, Sandra C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3599D693163DC339986221ED7D97E333">Vitorino, Marcelo D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E9E0127883A8A41790DA0A066EF03B1B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5613DCA8F52F8F1B942A8D65FA7C5688">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CA4D68AEC36A2E1B2C6F373D7C2F7D29">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EED164BE82499A1A68AD66A919DB5CAC">4272</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D187E1FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFBC6F973" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6050979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131810912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6050979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187E1FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFBC6F973" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187E1FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFBC6F973" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">
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<subSubSection id="C362657CFFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE3DFAA0" box="[151,399,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC736F7FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE3DFAA0" blockId="1.[151,399,1266,1293]" box="[151,399,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">
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<heading id="D08F819BFFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE3DFAA0" bold="true" box="[151,399,1266,1293]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE3DFAA0" ID-CoL="4YS9" ID-ENA="108656" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[151,399,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE3DFAA0" bold="true" box="[151,399,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FF56FB0BFE99FAA1" bold="true" box="[151,299,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus</emphasis>
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Walker
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C362657CFFF4EF34FF56FAC3FBC6F973" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC736F7FFF4EF34FF56FAC3FB8DF987" blockId="1.[151,1437,1337,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FF56FAC3FEC4FAFF" ID-CoL="4YS9" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[151,374,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FF56FAC3FEACFAFC" box="[151,286,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus</emphasis>
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Walker
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the largest genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FD18FAC0FCEAFAFF" ID-CoL="9XP" box="[729,856,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
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with 414 known species, of which most were only recently described (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FEB4FAA7FDAEFADB" author="Hansson" box="[373,540,1374,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C. (2009) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3, the genus Horismenus. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="2009">Hansson 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FDE9FAA7FCBCFADB" author="Hansson" box="[552,782,1373,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C., Lachaud, J. P. & Perez-Lachaud, G. (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys, 134, 65 - 82." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Hansson
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FD50FAA7FD79FAD8" box="[657,715,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FCDAFAA4FBA4FADB" author="Narendran" box="[795,1046,1373,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Narendran, T. C., Girish Kumar, P. & Kazmi, S. I. (2011) A new record of the New World genus Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) from India with description of a new species. Journal of Environment & Sociobiology, 8, 173 - 176." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Narendran
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FC5BFAA7FC66FAD8" box="[922,980,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FBE2FAA7FABBFADB" author="Hansson" box="[1059,1289,1373,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C., Padua, D. G., Schoeninger, K., Agudelo, A. A. & Oliveira, M. L. (2014) A new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from ootheca of Liturgusa Saussure (Mantodea, Liturgusidae) from Central Amazonas, Brazil. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 37, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Hansson
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FB4DFAA7FB74FAD8" box="[1164,1222,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FAD6FAA4FF66FA37" author="Pikart" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Pikart, T. G., Costa, V. A., Hansson, C., Zanuncio, J. C. & Serrao, J. E. (2015) Three new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with seed pods of Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae). Zootaxa, 3994 (4), 565 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3994.4.5" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Pikart
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FAA3FAA7FA2EFAD8" box="[1378,1436,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus occurs almost exclusively in the New World, except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FC0FFA7BFE88FA13" authority="Narendran & Girish Kumar" authorityName="Narendran & Girish Kumar" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absonus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FC0FFA7BFB05FA34" box="[974,1207,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus absonus</emphasis>
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Narendran & Girish Kumar (India)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FEB2FA5FFCF2FA13" authority="(Erdos) (Europe)" authorityName="Erdos" baseAuthorityName="Erdos" box="[371,832,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FEB2FA5FFDC4FA10" box="[371,630,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus specularis</emphasis>
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(Erdös) (Europe)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FC91FA5FFC45FA13" author="Hansson" box="[848,1015,1446,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C. (2009) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3, the genus Horismenus. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="2009">Hansson 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FBC2FA5CFAB2FA13" author="Narendran" box="[1027,1280,1445,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Narendran, T. C., Girish Kumar, P. & Kazmi, S. I. (2011) A new record of the New World genus Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) from India with description of a new species. Journal of Environment & Sociobiology, 8, 173 - 176." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Narendran
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FB43FA5FFB0EFA10" box="[1154,1212,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FAD5FA5FFA29FA10" ID-CoL="4YS9" box="[1300,1435,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FAD5FA5FFA29FA10" box="[1300,1435,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are endoparasitoids with host records known for 25% of the species, which include eggs and larvae of several families of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FEB6FA14FDE9F9AB" ID-CoL="C2L" authority="Diptera" authorityName="Diptera" box="[375,603,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera, Diptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FDA8FA17FAD7F9AB" ID-CoL="HYM" authority="Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Neuroptera and Orthoptera" authorityName="Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Neuroptera and Orthoptera" box="[617,1381,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Neuroptera and Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and eggs/egg sacs of spiders (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FE72F9EBFDEAF987" author="Hansson" box="[435,600,1554,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C. (2009) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3, the genus Horismenus. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="2009">Hansson 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FDA2F9EBFCF6F987" author="Hansson" box="[611,836,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C., Lachaud, J. P. & Perez-Lachaud, G. (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys, 134, 65 - 82." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Hansson
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FD0AF9EBFCB1F984" box="[715,771,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FC8EF9EBFB81F987" author="Hansson" box="[847,1075,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C., Padua, D. G., Schoeninger, K., Agudelo, A. A. & Oliveira, M. L. (2014) A new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from ootheca of Liturgusa Saussure (Mantodea, Liturgusidae) from Central Amazonas, Brazil. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 37, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Hansson
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FC76F9EBFC5DF984" box="[951,1007,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736F7FFF4EF34FF06F9CFFBC6F973" blockId="1.[151,1437,1337,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FF06F9CFFEFCF9E0" ID-CoL="4YS9" box="[199,334,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAE5FFF4EF34FF06F9CFFEFCF9E0" box="[199,334,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="431">Horismenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the most commonly collected groups of eulophids in tropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D74FFF4EF34FB41F9CCFA2EF9E3" ID-CoL="TPL" authority="Hansson 2009" authorityName="Hansson" authorityYear="2009" box="[1152,1436,1589,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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America (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FB31F9CFFA27F9E3" author="Hansson" box="[1264,1429,1590,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C. (2009) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3, the genus Horismenus. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="2009">Hansson 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and also one of the most characteristic, being easily recognized and separated from other genera by the following features: pronotal carina present; scuto-scutellar suture with a fovea; scutellum usually with a median groove and with lateral mesh-rows; propodeum with anterolateral foveae, median carina, submedian grooves and plicae.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B06FFF4EF34FF56F93FFEFBF973" author="Hansson" box="[151,329,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="431" refString="Hansson, C. (2009) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 3, the genus Horismenus. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="2009">Hansson (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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recently revised the genus and provided a key for species identification.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |