treatments-xml/data/03/D1/87/03D187CDAA20FF98FF08AFB3CA56F826.xml
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<document id="4D3633EA54F3403020E5278E2C6CC779" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199386" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c4060cd-6045-477e-9f36-e7c653aebe29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199386" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460334800555" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wei, Lianmeng &amp; Zhang, Lili" docDate="2010" docId="03D187CDAA20FF98FF08AFB3CA56F826" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02683p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2683" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chrysotus Meigen" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFE8FFB5AA21FF99FF9FAE0EC877FFA3" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic study on Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from southwest China: descriptions of eleven new species belonging to the redefined C. laesus - group" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698259528598" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AF3CBD014878FC5007DBDFCC35EE6276">A taxonomic study on Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from southwest China: descriptions of eleven new species belonging to the redefined C. laesus - group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6C2FEBDFF8B763763BD05ACDC00E27">Wei, Lianmeng</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3626550AA20FF98FF08AFB3C902FE74" box="[151,373,445,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AFB3C902FE74" blockId="1.[151,373,445,471]" box="[151,373,445,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D08F81B7AA20FF98FF08AFB3C902FE74" bold="true" box="[151,373,445,471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF08AFB3C902FE74" ID-CoL="9G2FY" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[151,373,445,471]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF08AFB3C902FE74" bold="true" box="[151,373,445,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF08AFB3C966FE74" bold="true" box="[151,273,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
Meigen
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3626550AA20FF98FF08AC0BCBF6FDBF" box="[151,897,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AC0BCBF6FDBF" blockId="1.[151,897,517,540]" box="[151,897,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6811F5AA20FF98FF08AC0BCBF6FDBF" box="[151,897,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF08AC0BC9BDFDBF" ID-CoL="9G2FY" authority="Meigen, 1824: 40" authorityName="Meigen" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,458,517,540]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF08AC0BC974FDBF" box="[151,259,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD910CAAA20FF98FE95AC0BC9BDFDBF" author="Meigen" box="[266,458,517,540]" page="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1824">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B2AAA20FF98FE95AC0BC9D6FDBF" author="Meigen" box="[266,417,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vo l. 4. H a mm, xii + 434 pp., pls. 67 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1824">Meigen, 1824</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54C38879AA20FF98FE4CAC0BCA7FFDBF" box="[467,520,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FDF5AC0BCBF6FDBF" authority="Fabricius." authorityName="Fabricius." box="[618,897,517,540]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FDF5AC0BCB78FDBF" box="[618,783,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Musca nigripes</emphasis>
Fabricius.
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3626550AA20FF98FF08AC44CB03FB63" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AC44CD69FD0C" blockId="1.[151,1436,586,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF08AC44C960FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,279,586,612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Generally, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FD83AC44CAE4FDC0" box="[540,659,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FD83AC44CAE4FDC0" box="[540,659,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Guizhou are readily recognized from other
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FB46AC44CDE0FDC7" box="[1241,1431,586,612]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
, although this genus lacks distinct features, especially MSSC. It can be distinguished from closely related genera
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF73AC9BC9BDFD0C" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[236,458,661,687]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Diaphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF73AC9BC91EFD0D" box="[236,361,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diaphorus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FD9CAC9BCAB2FD0C" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[515,709,661,687]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Asyndetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FD9CAC9BCA0DFD0D" box="[515,634,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Asyndetus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, especially the former, by the following characters:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08ACEEC9C5FCBC" blockId="1.[151,1437,736,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1. Male frons usually wider than face; male face usually hidden by contiguous eyes, infrequently narrowly or widely separated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AD24CB3CFCC9" blockId="1.[151,1437,736,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2. Upper part of proepisternum bare, lower part of which above fore coxa with black setulae and black setae; claws usually visible and not fused to enlarged pulvilli.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AD7BC9C6FC7C" blockId="1.[151,1437,736,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3. Costa reaching to tip of M1+2. R2+3 straight or slightly curved towards costa, never forwardly at end. R4+5 equally bent posteriorly, which usually runs parallel to M1+2 apically, seldom very slightly divergent or convergent apically.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08ADE5CCD1FBD6" blockId="1.[151,1437,736,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4. Male sternite 8 usually without stronger setae than those on tergite 6, although some taxa with a pair of stick-like setae; lateral epandrial lobe usually short and wide, never prominent (without specific strap-like lobe, which lacks strong setae); ventral projection of epandrium indistinct; surstylus and cercus simple, not divided into two lobes; hypandrium seldom simple, usually with process at apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF08AA8ECB03FB63" blockId="1.[151,1437,736,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
5. Body smaller, with thorax and abdomen never yellow; antennae usually black (only
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FB34AA8FC977FB63" authority="Becher, 1922" authorityName="Becher" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FB34AA8FCD4CFB39" box="[1195,1339,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. gratiosus</emphasis>
Becher, 1922
</taxonomicName>
from Oriental Region with reddish yellow antennae).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3626550AA20FF98FF5AAAFECA56F826" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF5AAAFECDF0F996" blockId="1.[151,1437,1264,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF5AAAFEC948FAA9" bold="true" box="[197,319,1264,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Remarks.</emphasis>
The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FE62AAFECAE7FAA9" box="[509,656,1264,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diaphorinae">Diaphorinae</taxonomicName>
consists of 18 genera (Yang
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FC73AAFFCC56FAA9" box="[1004,1057,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 2006), in which the two major genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF66AB18C90CFA8C" box="[249,379,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Diaphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF66AB18C90CFA8C" box="[249,379,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diaphorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FE27AB18CA43FA8C" box="[440,564,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FE27AB18CA43FA8C" box="[440,564,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related and encompass more than 60% of all species in the subfamily (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B2AAA20FF98FE84AB35CA2FFAF6" author="Capellari" box="[283,600,1339,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Capellari, R. S. &amp; Amorim, D. S. (2010) Re-description and new combination of five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen, with comments on the Neotropical genus Lyroneurus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 2520, 49 - 65." type="journal article" year="2010">Capellari &amp; Amorim 2010</bibRefCitation>
). These two genera are poorly defined in relation to each other and also in relation to some other diaphorine genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B2AAA20FF98FD55AB6ECB1FFAD9" author="Bickel" box="[714,872,1376,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Bickel, D. J. (1996) Australian Asyndetus Loew and Cryptophleps Lichtwardt (Diptera: Dolichopodoidae), with notes on the Oriental and Western Pacific Faunas. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 10, 1151 - 1170." type="journal article" year="1996">Bickel 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B2AAA20FF98FCE9AB6ECBCDFAD9" author="Bickel" box="[886,954,1376,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Bickel, D. J. (2005) A new genus, Phasmaphleps, and new species of Cryptophleps Lichtwardt from the western pacific, with notes on Australasian Diaphorinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 84, 17 - 34." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
). It often becomes difficult to identify unequivocally the species of diaphorine genera, especially species of these two genera. Consequently it is a difficult task to provide the exact placement of species on the basis of correct definitions of genera in
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF08ABDEC95BFA49" box="[151,300,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diaphorinae">Diaphorinae</taxonomicName>
. Even though the above-mentioned five items delimit
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FC3EABDFCC6FFA49" box="[929,1048,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FC3EABDFCC6FFA49" box="[929,1048,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it should be emphasized that the careful examination of internal genitalic structural characters of both male and female terminalia, which were often neglected previously, is an important source of phylogenetic information (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B2AAA20FF98FBA2A815CD0DF996" author="Capellari" box="[1085,1402,1563,1589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Capellari, R. S. &amp; Amorim, D. S. (2010) Re-description and new combination of five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen, with comments on the Neotropical genus Lyroneurus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 2520, 49 - 65." type="journal article" year="2010">Capellari &amp; Amorim 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF5AA84ECBA8F969" blockId="1.[151,1437,1264,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FF5AA84EC936F9FA" box="[197,321,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF5AA84EC936F9FA" box="[197,321,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as treated in this paper, is large and poorly defined genus with worldwide distribution. In Guizhou Province, southwest
<collectingCountry id="F36F764BAA20FF98FE64A868CA33F923" box="[507,580,1638,1664]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
, more than 150 species (about half of known species of the world) have been identified from about 10,000 specimens. Sorting these species into distinct species-groups based mainly on specific characters of the male terminalia is part of on-going studies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF5AA8DBCC76F899" blockId="1.[151,1437,1264,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FF5AA8DBC95BF94C" bold="true" box="[197,300,1749,1775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Habitat.</emphasis>
Adults move about on grass and brushwood (never found on ground), especially about streams, pools and reservoirs, etc. Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FDD8A8F5CAC9F8B7" box="[583,702,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FDD8A8F5CAC9F8B7" box="[583,702,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected with yellow pan traps in or nearby conifer and broadleaf forests, which are primary, secondary or artificial growth stands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736DBAA20FF98FF5AA948CA56F826" blockId="1.[151,1437,1264,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
In Guizhou Province, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D58AA20FF98FDDDA948CACEF8FC" box="[578,697,1862,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAC9AA20FF98FDDDA948CACEF8FC" box="[578,697,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from
<quantity id="4C809B3EAA20FF98FC2FA948CB8DF8C3" box="[944,1018,1862,1888]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4C809B3EAA20FF98FB80A948CC0DF8C3" box="[1055,1146,1862,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
, but species appear to be more easily found below
<quantity id="4C809B3EAA20FF98FE5FA965CA6BF826" box="[448,540,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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