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<mods:title id="411A76B59CD9FB09CA11F9F15372D2D9">Plio-Pleistocene Amphibians And Reptiles From Central Turkey: New Faunas And Faunal Records With Comments On Their Biochronological Position Based On Small Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="823943E2644A23A9AD9A76740A816C83">Syromyatnikova, Elena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0B8C31A273631FEA0E69ED9B6CC96A4E">A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, 117647 Moscow, Russia; e-mails: esyromyatnikova @ gmail. com, sev @ paleo. ru. &amp; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D095D0323DF359583F8E8D60137E703E">Tesakov, Alexey</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A3C99EECFD2167F27D9716391D00C4AD">Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: tesak @ ginras. ru.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="54E4F8B2616526536ED2AB30FFB3BA4A">Mayda, Serdar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3713D7912C53A63BDA4EA01F7F2AE55F">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; e-mail: serdar. mayda @ ege. edu. tr. &amp; Ege University, Natural History Museum, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6F5727E9E9C828F61BFDD03BBC89D79">Ege University, Natural History Museum, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="721A81C8E81B845C3055D1F10B164AF8">Sunar Sokak No: 3 / 3 Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FF2AFC120ACAFC39" blockId="8.[168,682,898,923]" box="[168,682,898,923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
<heading id="D0ED81C1DF60FFA3FF2AFC120ACAFC39" box="[168,682,898,923]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF2AFC120ACAFC39" bold="true" box="[168,682,898,923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FF2AFC120A6AFC38" ID-CoL="NPMS" authority="(LAURENTI, 1768)" baseAuthorityName="LAURENTI" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[168,522,898,923]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF2AFC120927FC38" bold="true" box="[168,327,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Bufotes viridis</emphasis>
(LAURENTI, 1768)
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species group
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<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FEEEFC330986FC19" blockId="8.[364,486,931,955]" box="[364,486,931,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
<figureCitation id="13212A28DF60FFA3FEEEFC330986FC19" box="[364,486,931,955]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1401,1422]" captionTargetBox="[155,1445,169,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-209@7.[617,994,719,1004]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Amphibians: a, b Latonia sp. from Nasrettinhoca 2: a left ilium in lateral (a1) and medial (a2) views, and junctura ilioischiadica (a3), EUNHM PV-13223; b left ilium in lateral (b1) and medial (b2) views, EUNHM PV-13224; c right angular of Palaeobatrachus sp. from Mercan 1, in medial (c1) and dorsal (c2) views, EUNHM PV-13225; d left ilium of Pelobates sp. from Nasrettinhoca 2 in lateral (d1) and medial (d2) views, EUNHM PV-13226; e right ilium of Bufotes viridis s. l. from Nasrettinhoca 2, in lateral (e1) and medial (e2) views, EUNHM PV-13227; f left angular of Pelophylax sp. from Mercan 1, in dorsal view, EUNHM PV-13228; g right ilium of Pelophylax sp. from Mercan 1, in lateral (g1) and medial (g2) views, EUNHM PV-13229; h right ilium of Pelophylax sp. from Hoyhoytepe 1, in lateral (h1) and medial (h2) views, EUNHM PV-13234; i left angular of Ranidae indet. from Hamamkarahisar A, in dorsal view, EUNHM PV-13237. Scale equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Text-fig. 5e</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FF12FC420A89FC48" blockId="8.[106,745,978,1034]" box="[144,745,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">M a t e r i a l. One ilium, EUNHM PV-13227,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FFE8FC620A78FBA8" blockId="8.[106,745,978,1034]" box="[106,536,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Nasrettinhoca 2, early Pliocene, MN 14.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FF12FBB20A4EFA9B" blockId="8.[106,745,1057,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
D e s c r i p t i o n. The specimen is represented by a fragmentary right ilium with complete acetabular portion and posterior part of the iliac shaft. The iliac shaft is thick and rod-like. It is devoid of a dorsal crest (= crista dorsalis) as in all bufonids. The dorsal tubercle (= tuber superior) is high and symmetrical. It is not divided into two tubercles as occurs in some taxa of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FEA1FB7209E5FB5B" baseAuthorityName="LAURENTI" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[291,389,1249,1273]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FEA1FB7209E5FB5B" box="[291,389,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">B. viridis</emphasis>
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species group. The preacetabular fossa (= fossa praeacetabularis) is well-developed. The pars ascendens and descendens are very narrow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536ADDF60FFA3FF12FAC10A33F94B" blockId="8.[106,745,1360,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
R e m a r k s. The specimen is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FDCFFAC00ADCFACA" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1825" box="[589,700,1360,1384]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FF13FAE10893FA2A" baseAuthorityName="LAURENTI" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[145,243,1392,1416]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF13FAE10893FA2A" box="[145,243,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">B. viridis</emphasis>
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species group based on the absence of a dorsal crest, presence of a distinct dorsal tubercle, and presence of a well-developed preacetabular fossa. The
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FD98FA210AF6FA6B" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[538,662,1457,1481]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FD98FA210AF6FA6B" box="[538,662,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Bufo viridis</emphasis>
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species group (or
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FF66FA410908FA4B" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[228,360,1489,1513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF66FA410908FA4B" box="[228,360,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Bufo viridis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D57C4DF60FFA3FEF5FA410989FA4B" box="[375,489,1489,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
) is widely distributed extending from Central Europe to Central Asia. The green toads from the Balkans,
<collectingCountry id="F30D763DDF60FFA3FEE9F98109A7F98B" box="[363,455,1553,1577]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
and Caucasus are assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FF07F9A109CEF9EB" authority="(PALLAS, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="PALLAS" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[133,430,1585,1609]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF07F9A10968F9EB" box="[133,264,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">B. variabilis</emphasis>
(PALLAS, 1769)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B5CDF60FFA3FE67F9A10AF9F9EB" author="Stock, M. &amp; Moritz, C. &amp; Hickerson, M. &amp; Frynta, D. &amp; Dujsebayeva, T. &amp; Eremchenko, V. &amp; Macey, J. R. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. &amp; Wake, D. B." box="[485,665,1585,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="663 - 689" refId="ref14021" refString="Stock, M., Moritz, C., Hickerson, M., Frynta, D., Dujsebayeva, T., Eremchenko, V., Macey, J. R., Papenfuss, T. J., Wake, D. B. (2006): Evolution of mitochondrial relationships and biogeography of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with insights in their genomic plasticity. - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41: 663 - 689. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.05.026" type="journal article" year="2006">Stöck et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B5CDF60FFA3FD26F9A10ABEF9EB" author="Stock, M. &amp; Sicilia, A. &amp; Belfiore, N. M. &amp; Buckley, D. &amp; Lo Valvo, M. &amp; Arculeo, M." box="[676,734,1585,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" refId="ref14123" refString="Stock, M., Sicilia, A., Belfiore, N. M., Buckley, D., Lo Brut- to, S., Lo Valvo, M., Arculeo, M. (2008): Post-Messinian evolutionary relationships across the Sicilian channel: mitochondrial and nuclear markers link a new green toad from Sicily to African relatives. - BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8: 56 (19 pp.). https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 56" type="book" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
). But there are no osteological characters allowing the specific identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FE9DF9E109C5F92B" baseAuthorityName="PALLAS" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[287,421,1649,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FE9DF9E109C5F92B" box="[287,421,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">B. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other recognized species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FF2DF9010972F90B" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[175,274,1681,1705]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FF2DF9010972F90B" box="[175,274,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">B. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Due to this situation and the fragmentary material from Nasrettinhoca 2, we assign the specimen to the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D2EDF60FFA3FE9AF94109D3F94B" baseAuthorityName="LAURENTI" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[280,435,1745,1769]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B96EEABFDF60FFA3FE9AF94109D3F94B" box="[280,435,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Bufotes viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
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