241 lines
31 KiB
XML
241 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="1676AC70FF086024B02C8FA2D8F78842" ID-CLB-Dataset="21316" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7974bcf-11e7-4d1b-b09d-530dc2dbd54f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983782" ID-ZooBank="AA9F66B3-EF8C-4F6B-8F35-0BCBEE5122ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597351967001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H. & Wong, Victoria L." docDate="2020" docId="131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4753.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4753 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Complicatella neili Shear & Richart & Wong 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="EF24FF97FFA9FF98FF4B5F01FFFFFF9E" masterDocTitle="The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698844398316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="102D105A334064B1D35EFC35579D5713">
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<mods:title id="B7970C0540DFDB1BFA787A9DD1744D7F">The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0291A2FBD8B691762026486A642EE6E1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4A32172B62A3BFDB2E9DFAF637735A18">
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<mods:roleTerm id="464923D636F7EEAECEFD9360149A062B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="669C9201916D6EC006AFD8A28C5D43C6">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B295A3F1AD6C5ED30C7516B7B5C96772">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9B12989B22D1835661E2231AA6037EA4">Richart, Casey H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="87F48D9DE0A9401743BEAD15F0591826" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCDE327E9EE51E8B88706073BAF741C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F636B79C826265BD0AEF927261AEE624">Wong, Victoria L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ED5707E84A01827CA2DC1883AD52FA9C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1E94CF2124CDCEF1E4394EC20D88A5AA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="41B00D9655B2C4C302CEE87774BED00C">
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<mods:date id="7342E84D4FADFF7098BDA43BF424BC43">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3E57491C1674D65D8C9507671E91B164">2020-03-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B76370EF51233D9305C57FB0FD0B55E3">4753</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="398D93E49FE8DA620685F847329EE23E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6E8E43D4E0C8752BF52E03A6D19FECBC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2BE981DAFFE9C8523AB26FB3B14A62C2" type="CLB-Dataset">21316</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1CE27F6AD7E4747D8149129BE7CC2C67" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D9D27CF20CD126D896691B983A3DEEEA" type="GBIF-Dataset">f7974bcf-11e7-4d1b-b09d-530dc2dbd54f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0DD91864698FD146160B8E6E611379C6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F370C7E609D3DC04E0819462D33FB16F" type="Zenodo-Dep">3983782</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A49F19F93775E19103CC0FB42748C18" type="ZooBank">AA9F66B3-EF8C-4F6B-8F35-0BCBEE5122ED</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4341555" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166240506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4341555" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFDE4FEF9" box="[151,539,333,360]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFDE4FEF9" blockId="50.[151,539,333,395]" box="[151,539,333,360]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="C0438195FF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFDE4FEF9" bold="true" box="[151,539,333,360]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFDE4FEF9" bold="true" box="[151,539,333,360]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFE83FEF6" ID-CoL="97c974c3-4f22-4196-b35f-a66de0f9818e" authority="Shear & Richart & Wong, 2020" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,380,333,360]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neili" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFFDC5E4CFE83FEF6" bold="true" box="[151,380,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Complicatella neili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2F35790FF9BFFAAFEC05E4CFDE4FEF9" box="[395,539,333,359]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFAAFFDC5E70FBB5FE69" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFFDC5E70FE58FE15" blockId="50.[151,539,333,395]" box="[151,423,369,395]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFFDC5E70FEC6FE15" box="[151,313,369,395]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="49.[151,212,1538,1563]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGS. 194–197. Complicatella spp. Figs. 194, 195. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 194.Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 195. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 196, 197. Complicatella neili. Fig. 196. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 197. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983836/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 196, 197</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFE0E5E70FE58FE15" box="[325,423,369,395]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="51.[151,212,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[248,1344,353,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[236,1352,345,1885]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGS. 198–203. Complicatella spp. Figs. 198–201. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 198. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 199. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 200. Left posterior gonopod coxite and prefemur, posterior view. Fig. 201. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 202, 203. Complicatella neili. Fig. 202. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 203. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983838/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">202, 203</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFFDC5EB8FBB5FE69" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFFDC5EB8FF23FE4D" bold="true" box="[151,220,441,467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Types</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="2BDC3CA4FF9BFFAAFFA65EB8FBBAFE69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831262379" collectingDate="2008-08-19" county="Pershing Co." elevation="2660" latitude="40.5551" location="Dragon's Gate Cave" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.1601" municipality="Male" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingMunicipality id="7B6FAC83FF9BFFAAFFA65EB8FED8FE4D" box="[237,295,441,467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Male</collectingMunicipality>
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<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFE7B5EB8FE6DFE4D" box="[304,402,441,467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and male and female
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<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFDD95EB8FD02FE4D" box="[658,765,441,467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFC0E5EB8FC43FE4D" box="[837,956,441,467]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">NEVADA</collectingRegion>
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:
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFC825EB9FB9DFE4D" bold="true" box="[969,1122,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingCounty id="726A4E75FF9BFFAAFC825EB9FB9DFE4D" box="[969,1122,440,467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Pershing Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<location id="9E6B6022FF9BFFAAFB395EB8FAA4FE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9:9E6B6022FF9BFFAAFB395EB8FAA4FE4D" box="[1138,1371,441,467]" county="Pershing Co." latitude="40.5551" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.1601" municipality="Male" name="Dragon's Gate Cave" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Nevada">Dragon’s Gate Cave</location>
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, elev.
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<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFFDC5EDCFF0EFE69" box="[151,241,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="2660.0">
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||
<elevation id="1099D1CAFF9BFFAAFFDC5EDCFF0EFE69" box="[151,241,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="2660.0">2660 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate id="FE80503EFF9BFFAAFE4A5EDDFE81FE69" box="[257,382,476,503]" degrees="40.5551" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5" value="40.5551">40.5551°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate id="FE80503EFF9BFFAAFED85EDCFDDEFE69" box="[403,545,477,503]" degrees="118.1601" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5" value="-118.1601">118.1601°W</geoCoordinate>
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, collected
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<date id="EF0A1039FF9BFFAAFDD35EDCFCB3FE69" box="[664,844,477,503]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008-08-19">
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<collectingDate id="FF4EE9D1FF9BFFAAFDD35EDCFCB3FE69" box="[664,844,477,503]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008-08-19">19 August 2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, by Neil Marchington
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFAAFF8C5D01FE9BFD19" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5D01FE9BFD19" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFF8C5D01FEC5FD85" bold="true" box="[199,314,512,539]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Unlike the other two species of
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFDE45D00FC50FD85" box="[687,943,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9BFFAAFDE45D00FCAFFD85" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[687,848,513,539]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Complicatella</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9BFFAAFC175D00FC50FD85" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[860,943,513,539]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neili">C. neili</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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has anterior gonopods with an anterior process that is almost as long as the body of the gonopod. The posterior gonopod coxites have the characteristic basally arising, sheathed flagellum but only two pseudoflagella. The ocelli are poorly formed and metazonital shoulders are practically absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFAAFF8C5D90FEF7FD51" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5D90FEF7FD51" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFF8C5D90FEB7FD35" bold="true" box="[199,328,657,683]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology</emphasis>
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: The species is named for the collector, Neil Marchington, an indefatigable explorer of northwestern caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFAAFF8C5DD9FCD8FBA9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5DD9FD2AFB8D" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFF8C5DD9FEAEFD6D" bold="true" box="[199,337,728,755]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:
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<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFE285DD8FDEFFD6D" box="[355,528,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
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Male
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<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFEEC5DD8FDF5FD6D" box="[423,522,729,755]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Length,
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<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFD315DD9FD29FD6D" box="[634,726,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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. Ocelli
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<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFC795DD9FC67FD6D" box="[818,920,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
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||
oblong patch, poorly formed and pigmented (some
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<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFFAA5DFCFEB3FC89" box="[225,332,765,791]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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have as few as 10 ocelli). Metazonites with no visible shoulders, segmental setae very long, curved, acute. Color white, with some very faint tan shading ventrally on few anterior segments. Legpairs one and two reduced, legpair three enlarged with swollen femur; legpairs four to seven only a little more robust than postgonopodal legs, lacking femoral knobs. Anterior gonopods (
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<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFDB65C68FC93FC1D" box="[765,876,873,899]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="49.[151,212,1538,1563]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGS. 194–197. Complicatella spp. Figs. 194, 195. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 194.Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 195. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 196, 197. Complicatella neili. Fig. 196. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 197. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983836/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 196</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFC375C68FC57FC1D" box="[892,936,873,899]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="51.[151,212,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[248,1344,353,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[236,1352,345,1885]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGS. 198–203. Complicatella spp. Figs. 198–201. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 198. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 199. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 200. Left posterior gonopod coxite and prefemur, posterior view. Fig. 201. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 202, 203. Complicatella neili. Fig. 202. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 203. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983838/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">202</figureCitation>
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) strongly clavate, apically cupped distal to distinct shoulder, with clavate, large, anterior branch. Posterior gonopod coxites (
|
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<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFB6D5C8CFB6EFC39" box="[1062,1169,909,935]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="49.[151,212,1538,1563]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[340,1247,453,1513]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGS. 194–197. Complicatella spp. Figs. 194, 195. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 194.Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 195. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 196, 197. Complicatella neili. Fig. 196. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 197. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983836/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 197</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="038F2A7CFF9BFFAAFBD65C8CFB37FC39" box="[1181,1224,909,935]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="51.[151,212,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[248,1344,353,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[236,1352,345,1885]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGS. 198–203. Complicatella spp. Figs. 198–201. Complicatella pectenifera. Fig. 198. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 199. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 200. Left posterior gonopod coxite and prefemur, posterior view. Fig. 201. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 202, 203. Complicatella neili. Fig. 202. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 203. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983838/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">201</figureCitation>
|
||
) complex, body of coxa swollen, long, thin flagellum arises mesally near the base, curving sigmoidally into sheathing branch, two long pseudoflagella present, small pore at base of apical expansion of main branch. Coxa 10 not enlarged, with gland. Prefemur 11 with basal process projecting dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5B1CFCD8FBA9" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" box="[199,807,1053,1079]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Female 8.0 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3AE6572FF9BFFACFF8C5B41FDC1FEF9" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5B41FD0DFBC5" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" box="[199,754,1088,1115]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFF8C5B41FEA6FBC5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1088,1115]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFD2A5B40FD6EFBC5" box="[609,657,1089,1115]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5B64FCC7FA91" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFF8C5B64FEF5FBE1" bold="true" box="[199,266,1125,1151]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
: This species is distant in its location from the others of the genus and its placement may be doubtful. We put it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9BFFAAFE685B88FE3DFB3D" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[291,450,1161,1187]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFE685B88FE3DFB3D" box="[291,450,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Complicatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the similarities of the gonopods with
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9BFFAAFC9D5B88FB83FB3D" box="[982,1148,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9BFFAAFC9D5B88FB88FB3D" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Shear" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[982,1143,1161,1187]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">C. complicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It was totally unexpected to find a troglobiotic conotylid in the circumstances of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="440F885BFF9BFFAAFC635BACFCA7FB59" box="[808,856,1197,1223]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, a barren mountaintop in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFB995BACFAD7FB59" box="[1234,1320,1197,1223]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
in a range surrounded by sagebrush desert. However, its appearance there may be somewhat explained by these habitat notes supplied by Neil Marchington (pers. comm. to WAS, 2018):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5A18FA7DF9B1" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
“The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFE4D5A18FEA3FAAD" box="[262,348,1305,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens, collected
|
||
<date id="EF0A1039FF9BFFAAFD185A18FD18FAAD" box="[595,743,1305,1331]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008-08-19">19 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
, came from a small cave called Dragon’s Pit in the Humboldt Range of Pershing County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFE865A3CFDDCFAC9" box="[461,547,1341,1367]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFD0E5A3CFD51FAC9" box="[581,686,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6462736" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="ft" value="8682.0">8682 feet</quantity>
|
||
elevation. The specimens were clinging to a soft, wet calcite paste on the ceiling of the cave about
|
||
<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFD4E5A60FD82FAE5" box="[517,637,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="ft" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 feet</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance. The cave is
|
||
<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFCAF5A61FBACFAE5" box="[996,1107,1376,1403]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6898112" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mi" value="105.0">105 miles</quantity>
|
||
NE of Reno or
|
||
<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFA415A61FA94FAE5" box="[1290,1387,1376,1403]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.632704" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mi" value="35.0">35 miles</quantity>
|
||
SW of Winnemucca. The cave is on a nearly barren limestone peak with scattered sage, gooseberry, rice grass and (strangely) stunted mountain maple. There are stunted juniper growing about
|
||
<quantity id="5C4C9B1CFF9BFFAAFB435AA8FB9BFA5D" box="[1032,1124,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 feet</quantity>
|
||
lower in elevation than the cave. The Humboldt Range was likely nearly an island during the Pleistocene. The projected levels of glacial Lake Lahontan show only a narrow land bridge at the south end of the range connecting to any other land. The confirmed and studied shoreline puts at least 50% of the range as a shoreline area (the west and north sides were for sure).”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFAAFF8C5938FDFBF8ED" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
“The climate history of the region can be summarized fairly easily. About 4 million years ago, the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFA0C5938FA62F9CD" box="[1351,1437,1593,1619]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
Range started to rapidly uplift forming a massive fault block. The peaks started increasingly taking more of the Pacific moisture. This process led to the massive desert regions such as Carson, Great Basin and Mohave. The Ice Age’s lower temps allowed the water that did get through to exceed evaporation in the Great Basin and Mohave. Giant lakes like Lahontan filled most of the basins, and crept over modern passes, forming vast waterways surrounding many mountain ranges entirely. The Humboldt Range was a giant island in this lake. We know from archaeological sites the region had vast marshlands where the natives hunted ducks and other animals. Tule reeds were used in many native artifacts, such as duck decoys, baskets, and sandals. Many of the higher peaks were glaciated, particularly the eastern Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFED05858FE08F8ED" box="[411,503,1881,1907]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9BFFABFF8C587CFBE5FEDD" blockId="50.[151,1437,440,2015]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1436,153,323]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
“Around 14,000 years ago, the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9BFFAAFD67587CFD5EF809" box="[556,673,1917,1943]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
Glaciation was waning. As temperatures rose, the basins gradually started to lose water each year. There were at least pockets of ice age megafauna, such as short-nosed bears, lurking in the mountains as recently as ~8000 years ago, but most of the population was probably gone around 10,000 years ago. The desertification of the area seems to be continuing and possibly accelerating. There are studies monitoring plant communities moving to higher elevations in the region. Most of the Ponderosa groves in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9AFFABFB885FBCFAE6FF49" box="[1219,1305,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
are of 200-year-old trees, with nothing younger present. Even 500 years ago, Ponderosa were growing in lower areas in the Mohave, where only cacti grow today. Douglas Fir cones have been found in 30,000 year old middens throughout areas of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9AFFABFFBF5E28FEAEFEDD" box="[244,337,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9AFFABFE165E28FE4AFEDD" box="[349,437,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5970F81BFF9AFFABFEBB5E28FDD9FEDD" box="[496,550,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
where there are only cacti or juniper today.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CFCB6671FF9AFFABFFDC5877FD63F865" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983838/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,212,1910,1935]" targetBox="[248,1344,353,1874]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9AFFABFFDC5877FD63F865" blockId="51.[151,1437,1910,2043]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9AFFABFFDC5877FEC2F811" bold="true" box="[151,317,1910,1935]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGS. 198–203.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9AFFABFE095876FE2DF811" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[322,466,1911,1935]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9AFFABFE095876FE2DF811" box="[322,466,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Complicatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Figs. 198–201.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9AFFABFDEA5876FC57F811" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[673,936,1911,1935]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9AFFABFDEA5876FC57F811" box="[673,936,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Complicatella pectenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fig. 198. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 199. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 200. Left posterior gonopod coxite and prefemur, posterior view. Fig. 201. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 202, 203.
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C0EAEBFF9AFFABFD9758BEFC59F849" box="[732,934,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB44D7AFF9AFFABFD9758BEFC5DF849" authorityName="Shear & Richart & Wong" authorityYear="2020" box="[732,930,1983,2007]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Complicatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neili">Complicatella neili</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 202. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 203. Left posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9DFFACFF8C5F98FB4FFF2A" blockId="52.[151,1436,153,359]" box="[199,1200,153,180]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The geological and climatic history of Lake Lahontan is summarized in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF254B08FF9DFFACFCA45F98FB52FF2A" author="Morrison, R. B." box="[1007,1197,153,180]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref43916" refString="Morrison, R. B. (1963) Lake Lahontan: geology of southern Carson Desert, Nevada. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 401, 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 401" type="journal article" year="1963">Morrison (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0B36F9FF9DFFACFF8C5FBCFDC1FEF9" blockId="52.[151,1436,153,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">So the clear suggestion is, as with so many other arthropods now limited to caves, that the ancestors of the present population lived on the surface during a moist glacial maximum, and were also able to occupy caves. With the drying and warming starting 140 centuries ago, surface populations were gradually extinguished, leaving only those in the hospitable, buffered environment of the caves. Subsequently the remnant population developed the modest troglobiotic adaptations we see today.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |