1218 lines
164 KiB
XML
1218 lines
164 KiB
XML
<document id="23C72F833DA61A23C68A4CEEE31DBD40" ID-CLB-Dataset="5611" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f0dd4e6-1af0-457d-81c0-29f2c9955376" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914977" ID-ZooBank="3DBA821B-D43C-43E3-9E5D-8060AC2150C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623196303861" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Piraino, Stefano, Aglieri, Giorgio, Martell, Luis, Mazzoldi, Carlotta, Melli, Valentina, Milisenda, Giacomo, Scorrano, Simonetta & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2014" docId="F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03794p468.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3794 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pelagia benovici Piraino, Aglieri, Scorrano & Boero 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="0D79FFDDFFEEED2D2F297F520B3DFFC3" masterDocTitle="Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="455" pageNumber="458" updateTime="1699006143628" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7C7C5D9329029B3057CC4D358CD4DA13">Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="587181D3B40372C959B75FDA0E1C1AA2">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E85A62893FF69C21D3AC536A289FA2E">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A26AD7AC0CAB30F1074F2F0923E2083">Aglieri, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CD78602D8210EC47A47DA84DBBEE5D3">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6B80C62036FB7C01EAD61D8067C37792">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F34C40427327B470B877B2988F4866C">Mazzoldi, Carlotta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A90E825CBE2202AAED5A0B7219029A78">Dipartimento di Biologia e Stazione Idrobiologica Umberto D’Ancona, Chioggia, Università di Padova.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2A0A6432AEA37C4C79531F6D8A0A3CC0">Melli, Valentina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D14D5EBFC179BA205F95E4940AF40663">Dipartimento di Biologia e Stazione Idrobiologica Umberto D’Ancona, Chioggia, Università di Padova.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="489CA19587F95864C7B47EB3F8A5A0FA">Milisenda, Giacomo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBE556D0FB790176DC3A43B419CECD46">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="725713FE8093F9598B930F6514BE7746">Scorrano, Simonetta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="365983B8087AC853E4BFE71F4BCB02D4">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4C7AACB50FA593E9AD4559A1464800FE">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2BAFFF575B5CA0A4B44558BD2AD78D6">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma & CNR - Istituto di Scienze Marine, Genova</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9C3DF8EB4316FEB34D6F010ABE258666">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0618524310EC2344350FFA2AAB43926C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0C0795A48B362F62D0927CA5B19A338B">
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<mods:date id="3F0B0AE80EE22D95B7595FA4C7F3DBE0">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FF8A22CB1075E2C3700F9351D2F77F9A">2014-05-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="73568B56609F7F792764C0BA82525B38">3794</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8938256983147DC9A14F1213D887F5BC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5082767" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5082767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
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<paragraph id="795636B3FFEDED2E2FBE7D850842FD31" blockId="3.[151,895,727,754]" box="[151,895,727,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
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<heading id="221E81DFFFEDED2E2FBE7D850842FD31" bold="true" box="[151,895,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEDED2E2FBE7D850842FD31" bold="true" box="[151,895,727,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEDED2E2FBE7D850826FD31" ID-CoL="6TY26" authority="Piraino, Aglieri, Scorrano & Boero" authorityName="Piraino, Aglieri, Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,795,727,754]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEDED2E2FBE7D850A63FD32" bold="true" box="[151,350,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
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Piraino, Aglieri, Scorrano & Boero
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFEDED2E2C0B7D8A0842FD31" box="[802,895,728,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31F36538FFEDED2E2FBE7C4C09CBFBBD" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="795636B3FFEDED2E2FBE7C4C09D1FCBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,798,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
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<materialsCitation id="C9813CEEFFEDED2E2FBE7C4C09D1FCBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319783304" collectingDate="2013-11" collectionCode="CN" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" location="Gulf of Venice" municipality="University of Padova" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="CN54" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2FBE7C4C0A39FCF4" box="[151,260,798,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male specimen (adult), collected from
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2D957C4C0862FCF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2D957C4C0862FCF4" box="[700,863,798,823]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Gulf of Venice" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Gulf of Venice</location>
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(
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2C477C4C08E7FCF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2C477C4C08E7FCF4" box="[878,986,798,823]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Chioggia" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Chioggia</location>
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),
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<date id="0D571073FFEDED2E2CC47C4C0F98FCF4" box="[1005,1189,798,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">
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<collectingDate id="1D13E99BFFEDED2E2CC47C4C0F98FCF4" box="[1005,1189,798,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">November 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 46 mm bell diameter.
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7C100A34FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7C100A34FC98" box="[151,265,834,859]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Deposited" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Deposited</location>
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in the
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2E417C100AE0FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2E417C100AE0FC98" box="[360,477,834,859]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Collection</location>
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of the
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2D177C110F65FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2D177C110F65FC98" box="[574,1112,834,859]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Museum of Adriatic Zoology Giuseppe Olivi" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Museum of Adriatic Zoology Giuseppe Olivi</location>
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(
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2B447C100E20FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2B447C100E20FC98" box="[1133,1309,834,859]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Palazzo Grassi" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Palazzo Grassi</location>
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,
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2A077C100EA5FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2A077C100EA5FC98" box="[1326,1432,834,859]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Chioggia" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Chioggia</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="9932ACC9FFEDED2E2FBE7C340AB7FCBC" box="[151,394,870,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">University of Padova</collectingMunicipality>
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).
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<collectingCounty id="90374E3FFFEDED2E2EB57C340932FCBC" box="[412,527,870,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Accession</collectingCounty>
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number:
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<specimenCode id="294F9EC8FFEDED2E2D527C340982FCBC" box="[635,703,870,895]" collectionCode="CN" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">CN54</specimenCode>
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<collectingCountry id="01FE7623FFEDED2E2DE97C3409D5FCBC" box="[704,744,870,895]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">CH</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="795636B3FFEDED2E2FEE7CD909CBFBBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,798,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
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<materialsCitation id="C9813CEEFFEDED2E2FEE7CD909CAFC28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319783301" collectingDate="2013-11" collectionCode="CN" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" location="Gulf of Venice" municipality="University of Padova" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="CN55" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2FEE7CD90A14FC60" box="[199,297,907,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
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I: female specimen (adult),
|
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<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2DAB7CD8080EFC60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2DAB7CD8080EFC60" box="[642,819,906,931]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Gulf of Venice" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Gulf of Venice</location>
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(
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2C617CD80889FC60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2C617CD80889FC60" box="[840,948,906,931]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Chioggia" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Chioggia</location>
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),
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<date id="0D571073FFEDED2E2CE47CD80FB6FC60" box="[973,1163,906,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">
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<collectingDate id="1D13E99BFFEDED2E2CE47CD80FB6FC60" box="[973,1163,906,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">November 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
, 50 mm bell diameter.
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7CFC0A34FC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7CFC0A34FC04" box="[151,265,942,967]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Deposited" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Deposited</location>
|
||
in the
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2E417CFC0AE0FC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2E417CFC0AE0FC04" box="[360,477,942,967]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Collection</location>
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of the
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2D177CFD0F65FC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2D177CFD0F65FC04" box="[574,1112,942,967]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Museum of Adriatic Zoology Giuseppe Olivi" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Museum of Adriatic Zoology Giuseppe Olivi</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2B447CFC0E20FC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2B447CFC0E20FC04" box="[1133,1309,942,967]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Palazzo Grassi" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Palazzo Grassi</location>
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||
,
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2A077CFC0EA5FC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2A077CFC0EA5FC04" box="[1326,1432,942,967]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Padova" name="Chioggia" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Chioggia</location>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9932ACC9FFEDED2E2FBE7C800AB2FC28" box="[151,399,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">University of Padova</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="90374E3FFFEDED2E2E8C7C800925FC28" box="[421,536,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Accession</collectingCounty>
|
||
number:
|
||
<specimenCode id="294F9EC8FFEDED2E2DA07C8009F3FC28" box="[649,718,978,1003]" collectionCode="CN" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">CN55</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01FE7623FFEDED2E2DE77C8009CAFC28" box="[718,759,978,1003]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C9813CEEFFEDED2E2C2D7C800A72FBCC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319783302" collectingDate="2013-11" collectorName="Other" country="Switzerland" location="Gulf of Venice" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" specimenCount="10">
|
||
<collectorName id="D41C5365FFEDED2E2C2D7C800879FC28" box="[772,836,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Other</collectorName>
|
||
material:
|
||
<specimenCount id="6FEFFD3AFFEDED2E2C927C800F64FC28" box="[955,1113,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2B4E7C800E2FFC28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2B4E7C800E2FFC28" box="[1127,1298,978,1003]" country="Switzerland" name="Gulf of Venice" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Gulf of Venice</location>
|
||
(Chioggia),
|
||
<date id="0D571073FFEDED2E2FBE7CA40A72FBCC" box="[151,335,1014,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1D13E99BFFEDED2E2FBE7CA40A72FBCC" box="[151,335,1014,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-11">November 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C9813CEEFFEDED2E2E717CA409CBFBBD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319783303" collectingDate="2013-12-05" collectionCode="UNIS" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" location="Deposited" municipality="University of Salento" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2E717CA40AE9FBCD" box="[344,468,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="32.0">32–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range of bell diameter).
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2DD67CA4084CFBCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2DD67CA4084CFBCC" box="[767,881,1014,1039]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Salento" name="Deposited" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Deposited</location>
|
||
in the
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2CEF7CA40E6FFBCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2CEF7CA40E6FFBCC" box="[966,1362,1014,1039]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Salento" name="Collection of Marine Invertebrates" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Collection of Marine Invertebrates</location>
|
||
at the
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7B480A93FBF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2FBE7B480A93FBF0" box="[151,430,1050,1075]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Salento" name="Laboratory of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Laboratory of Zoology</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="7C366068FFEDED2E2ED27B48098AFBF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F14087A5FFEDED262FBE7D850A2DFC2C:7C366068FFEDED2E2ED27B48098AFBF0" box="[507,695,1050,1075]" country="Switzerland" county="Accession" municipality="University of Salento" name="Marine Biology" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Marine Biology</location>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9932ACC9FFEDED2E2C017B480F13FBF0" box="[808,1070,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">University of Salento</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(Lecce).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="90374E3FFFEDED2E2B877B480E1CFBF0" box="[1198,1313,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Accession</collectingCounty>
|
||
numbers:
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FF8AE76FFEDED2E2FBE7B6C0BE7FB94" box="[151,218,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">UNIS</collectionCode>
|
||
_SCY_001–10.
|
||
<collectorName id="D41C5365FFEDED2E2EA67B6C0AFCFB94" box="[399,449,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Five</collectorName>
|
||
specimens photographed in the field, but not collected, by
|
||
<collectorName id="D41C5365FFEDED2E2B5C7B6D0E43FB95" box="[1141,1406,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Mr. Fabrizio Marcuzzo</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectorName id="D41C5365FFEDED2E2FBE7B340A14FBBD" box="[151,297,1125,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Punta Sottile</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="D41C5365FFEDED2E2E1C7B370AB1FBBD" box="[309,396,1125,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Muggia</collectorName>
|
||
(Trieste) on
|
||
<date id="0D571073FFEDED2E2D357B3709CBFBBD" box="[540,758,1122,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-12-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1D13E99BFFEDED2E2D357B3709CBFBBD" box="[540,758,1122,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" value="2013-12-05">
|
||
December 5
|
||
<superScript id="8E9C9BFBFFEDED2E2D8D7B30098DFBB3" attach="none" box="[676,688,1122,1136]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31F36538FFEDED2E2FEE7BDB0A27F81D" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEDED2E2FEE7BDB0A8EF88D" blockId="3.[151,1437,798,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEDED2E2FEE7BDB09E4FB61" box="[199,729,1161,1186]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEDED2E2FEE7BDB0A6CFB61" bold="true" box="[199,337,1161,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2EE47BDB0912FB61" box="[461,559,1161,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2D4E7BDB09F0FB61" box="[615,717,1161,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved medusa almost flat, with thin transparent mesogleal jelly. Live specimens hemispherical during active swimming strokes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2C8B7BFF08C1FB05" box="[930,1020,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Exumbrella yellow-ochre in colour, homogeneously covered by prominent cnidocyst warts of various shapes, from rounded to oval to pointed, with whitish refringent tip of wart. Sixteen marginal lappets, rectangular, with rounded corners (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2BBC7BA70E27FACD" box="[1173,1306,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Figs. 2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2A0F7BA70E76FACD" box="[1318,1355,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-230@5.[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of P. noctiluca (left) compared with absence from P. benovici tentacles (right). Drawings after Krasinska, 1914 (modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eight adradial, hollow, white and transparent tentacles, up to three times the diameter of umbrella in length. Large tentacle bases laterally compressed to ovoid, with medio-peripheral main axis, distally tapering into cylindrical shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2FCF7A330A50FAB9" box="[230,365,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Figs. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E5E7A330AA0FAB9" box="[375,413,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-230@5.[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of P. noctiluca (left) compared with absence from P. benovici tentacles (right). Drawings after Krasinska, 1914 (modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Absence of longitudinal muscular foldings in tentacle mesoglea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2BA07A330FDCFAB9" box="[1161,1249,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-230@5.[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of P. noctiluca (left) compared with absence from P. benovici tentacles (right). Drawings after Krasinska, 1914 (modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eight marginal sensory organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E7D7AD70A8CFA5D" box="[340,433,1413,1438]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking ocelli, each located in a shallow pit formed by ectodermal outgrowth of the umbrellar margin and by overlapping sides of marginal lappets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2CB87AFB08CCFA01" box="[913,1009,1449,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Well-developed coronal muscle on subumbrellar surface. Simple radial septa terminating between sense organs and tentacles, dividing the gastrovascular sinus into 8 tentacular and 8 rhopalial separate pouches, tentacular pouches slightly larger than rhopalial ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E6179470A9FF9ED" box="[328,418,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stomach without gastric septa, with bundles of gastric filaments arranged in interradial groups, originating at the transition between stomach and gastrovascular sinus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2B4B796B0FFEF991" box="[1122,1219,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four interradial, elongated milky white, ribbon-like gonochoric gonads (
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2C0D790F08B1F9B5" box="[804,908,1629,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: male;
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2CCC790C0F77F9B5" box="[997,1098,1630,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: female), horse-shoe shaped, convex; ribbon protrudes out of subumbrellar surface at periphery of gastric pouches; each ribbon spans two tentacular and one intermediate rhopaliar pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2D9279F70823F97D" box="[699,798,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2C0079F70870F97D" box="[809,845,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-230@5.[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of P. noctiluca (left) compared with absence from P. benovici tentacles (right). Drawings after Krasinska, 1914 (modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2C7179F7089DF97D" box="[856,928,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">4B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Manubrium whitish, transparent, ≤1.5 times the diameter of umbrella in length, with very short oral tube and long delicate oral arms with frilled edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2A4D799B0BCCF8C5" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[151,1436,193,1399]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Figs. 2A,B,D</figureCitation>
|
||
), covered by colourless cnidocyst warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2DC079BF0874F8C5" box="[745,841,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Perradial subumbrellar surfaces between gonads covered by brownish cnidocyst warts, smaller than exumbrellar warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2C9678430F07F8E9" box="[959,1082,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), also scattered over the gonad foldings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E2B78670A66F88D" box="[258,347,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E4F78670A9BF88D" box="[358,422,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[151,1436,193,1331]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A–B) Cnidocyst warts (or cnidocyst clubs) of different sizes scattered over the subumbrellar gonads. Oocytes (oo) of different sizes and maturity are shown. (C) Discharged microbasic eurytele (eu). (D) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (is) and microbasic eurytele (eu). (E) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (o-is). (F) Microbasic eurytele (eu) and third type of cnidocyst (birh), provisionally identified as heterotrichous microbasic birhopaloid II type (sensu Ostman 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914987/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">5A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEDED2E2FEE780B0A27F81D" blockId="3.[151,1437,798,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEDED2E2E17780B0A8BF8B1" box="[318,438,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[151,1436,193,1331]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A–B) Cnidocyst warts (or cnidocyst clubs) of different sizes scattered over the subumbrellar gonads. Oocytes (oo) of different sizes and maturity are shown. (C) Discharged microbasic eurytele (eu). (D) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (is) and microbasic eurytele (eu). (E) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (o-is). (F) Microbasic eurytele (eu) and third type of cnidocyst (birh), provisionally identified as heterotrichous microbasic birhopaloid II type (sensu Ostman 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914987/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">Fig. 5C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). At least 3 cnidocyst
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2D9A780809CFF8B1" box="[691,754,1882,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: holotrichous O-isorhizas (spherical, length
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2BCE780B0E6DF8B1" box="[1255,1360,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11 µm</quantity>
|
||
; width
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2FBE782F0BCAF855" box="[151,247,1917,1942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11µm</quantity>
|
||
), microbasic euryteles (ovoid, length
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2D9F782F082BF855" box="[694,790,1917,1942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11µm</quantity>
|
||
; width
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2C5B782F08EFF855" box="[882,978,1917,1942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 µm</quantity>
|
||
), and a third larger
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2BEC782C0FC5F855" box="[1221,1272,1918,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, provisionally identified by light microscopy as heterotrichous microbasic birhopaloid II
|
||
<typeStatus id="A6528811FFEDED2E2CDB78F00F1FF879" box="[1010,1058,1954,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="458">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(ovoid, length
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2BFC78F30E73F879" box="[1237,1358,1953,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.0">16–24 µm</quantity>
|
||
; width
|
||
<quantity id="BE119B56FFEDED2E2FBE78970A33F81D" box="[151,270,1989,2014]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFEAED292FBE7ADE0825FA1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914981/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" startId="4.[151,250,1420,1442]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1399]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEAED292FBE7ADE0825FA1C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1420,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292FBE7ADE0A28FA62" bold="true" box="[151,277,1420,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292E377ADE0AF6FA61" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[286,459,1420,1442]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292E377ADE0AF6FA61" box="[286,459,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292EFD7ADF091AFA61" bold="true" box="[468,551,1421,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFEAED292EFD7ADF091AFA61" box="[468,551,1421,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Lateral view. (B) Sublateral view. (C) Aboral view, with prominent exumbrellar cnidocyst warts. (D) Oral view, showing the distinctive horse-shoe shaped white gonads, and overall subumbrellar morphology. rh: rhopalia, rs: radial septa (for clarity, only few labels added).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31F36538FFEAED292FEE795509ECF987" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEAED292FEE795509ECF987" blockId="4.[151,1436,1543,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292FEE79550A73F9E3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1543,1568]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the late Prof. Adam Benovic, who dedicated his life to the study of gelatinous plankton, especially in the Adriatic Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31F36538FFEAED282FEE791D082AFBEC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEAED292FEE791D08AFF9AB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1543,2036]" box="[199,914,1615,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292FEE791D0A58F9AB" bold="true" box="[199,357,1615,1640]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" reason="1">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Gulf of Venice, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEAED292FEE79210A34F844" blockId="4.[151,1436,1543,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292FEE79210A8FF94F" bold="true" box="[199,434,1651,1676]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" reason="1">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
Seven COI sequences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292C2B792608BDF948" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[770,896,1651,1675]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292C2B792608BDF948" box="[770,896,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were identical to each other (mean within-species pairwise K2P distance = 0.001, S.E. = 0.001), and significantly dissimilar from the
|
||
<specimenCount id="6FEFFD3AFFEAED292BDA79C50E11F96C" box="[1267,1324,1687,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" type="generic">
|
||
14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292A3E79CA0E11F96C" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1303,1324,1688,1711]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292A3E79CA0E11F96C" box="[1303,1324,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
noctiluca sequences from Mediterranean Sea and South Atlantic Ocean specimens (mean between-species pairwise K2P distance = 0.362, S.E. = 0.040) and from
|
||
<specimenCount id="6FEFFD3AFFEAED292DB9798D09FFF934" box="[656,706,1759,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" type="generic">
|
||
8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292D8379B209FFF934" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[682,706,1760,1783]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panopyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292D8379B209FFF934" box="[682,706,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292DDD79B2085DF934" box="[756,864,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">panopyra</emphasis>
|
||
sequences (mean between-species pairwise K2P distance = 0.342, S.E. = 0.038). (
|
||
<tableCitation id="346B0308FFEAED292D3178510952F8DF" box="[536,623,1795,1820]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. List of taxa and number of individuals used for molecular analyses of COI and 28S markers and accession numbers of sequences." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2D96663BFFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" tableUuid="2D96663BFFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Unrooted NJ and
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FF8AE76FFEAED292C70785108BEF8D9" box="[857,899,1795,1818]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
trees had the same topology (data not shown) including consistently distinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292EDF787A0941F8FC" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[502,636,1831,1855]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292EDF787A0941F8FC" box="[502,636,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292D90787A080BF8FC" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[697,822,1831,1855]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292D90787A080BF8FC" box="[697,822,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clades. The COI Bayesian tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEAED292B9B78750E30F883" box="[1202,1293,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[230,1333,197,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[226,1344,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo COI gene tree. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. sequences group together as a single distinct clade. (B) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree (28S sequences). Pelagia benovici sp. nov. sequences group appear in each of two clades with P. noctiluca sequences, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting of this more slowly evolving nuclear marker, amplification of paralogues, or interspecific hybridization. The tree supports the monophyly of Pelagiidae. In both panels, numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and the scale indicates the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) also shows consistent separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292E8D781E0923F8A0" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[420,542,1867,1891]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292E8D781E0923F8A0" box="[420,542,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292D0D78190940F8A7" bold="true" box="[548,637,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFEAED292D0D78190940F8A7" box="[548,637,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from any of its morphologically closest relatives,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292B85781E0E13F8A0" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1196,1326,1867,1891]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292B85781E0E13F8A0" box="[1196,1326,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292A4D781E0A3FF844" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panopyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292A4D781E0E41F8A0" box="[1380,1404,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292FBE78220A3FF844" box="[151,258,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">panopyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEAED282FEE78C109CFFF16" blockId="4.[151,1436,1543,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 28S (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFEAED292DBD78C109D0F86F" box="[660,749,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[230,1333,197,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[226,1344,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo COI gene tree. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. sequences group together as a single distinct clade. (B) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree (28S sequences). Pelagia benovici sp. nov. sequences group appear in each of two clades with P. noctiluca sequences, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting of this more slowly evolving nuclear marker, amplification of paralogues, or interspecific hybridization. The tree supports the monophyly of Pelagiidae. In both panels, numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and the scale indicates the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) consistently showed the same topology as the NJ and
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FF8AE76FFEAED292A5B78C10EA1F869" box="[1394,1436,1939,1962]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
analyses of 28S (not shown), including monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292C4378E508DFF813" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[874,994,1975,2000]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with all representatives of
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292A1778E50A32F830" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292A1778E50EAAF80C" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[1342,1431,1975,1999]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pelagia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292FBE78890A32F830" box="[151,271,2011,2035]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chrysaora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED292E6F78890A96F830" authorityName="Goette" authorityYear="1886" box="[326,427,2011,2035]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED292E6F78890A96F830" box="[326,427,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were considered. However, this tree does not show reciprocal monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEAED282A6C78890BCBFF73" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="460" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="459" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEAED282A6C78890BCBFF73" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="459">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E2B7FC50A5CFF73" bold="true" box="[258,353,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFEBED282E2B7FC50A5CFF73" box="[258,353,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282E887FCB0917FF73" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[417,554,152,176]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E887FCB0917FF73" box="[417,554,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 28S sequences from medusae that were distinguished morphologically as different species occur together in two distinct clades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8" ID-Table-UUID="2D96663BFFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2D96663BFFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" startId="5.[151,239,260,283]" targetBox="[154,1376,342,1015]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEBED282FBE7E560AB7FEF8" blockId="5.[151,1435,260,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FBE7E560A36FED8" bold="true" box="[151,267,260,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
List of taxa and number of individuals used for molecular analyses of COI and 28S markers and accession numbers of sequences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEBED282FB37E050FDAFC34" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<table id="0BE9C413FFEB12D22FB37E040E5DFC34" box="[154,1376,342,1015]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37E040E5DFEAF" box="[154,1376,342,364]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37E040AF4FEAF" box="[154,457,342,364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Taxon</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7E0409BCFEAF" box="[579,641,342,364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">COI n</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7E04089EFEAF" box="[693,931,342,364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">GenBank accession no.</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7E040F13FEAF" box="[1011,1070,342,364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">28S n</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7E040E5DFEAF" box="[1138,1376,342,364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">GenBank accession no.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37ED20E5DFE55" box="[154,1376,384,406]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37ED20AF4FE55" box="[154,457,384,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37ED20A78FE55" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[154,325,384,406]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37ED20A78FE55" box="[154,325,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7ED209BCFE55" box="[579,641,384,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">7</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7ED2089EFE55" box="[693,931,384,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7ED20822FE55" box="[693,799,384,406]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573409" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573409</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282C0C7ED208B3FE55" box="[805,910,384,406]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573415" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573415</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7ED20F13FE55" box="[1011,1070,384,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">9</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7ED20E5DFE55" box="[1138,1376,384,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7ED20FE6FE55" box="[1138,1243,384,406]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573396" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573396</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282BCB7ED20E76FE55" box="[1250,1355,384,406]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573404" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573404</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37EFB0E5DFE7C" box="[154,1376,425,447]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37EFB0AF4FE7C" box="[154,457,425,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37EFB0A70FE7C" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[154,333,425,447]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37EFB0A70FE7C" box="[154,333,425,447]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Pelagia noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7EFB09BCFE7C" box="[579,641,425,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">6</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7EFB089EFE7C" box="[693,931,425,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7EFB081DFE7C" box="[693,800,425,447]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573416" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573416</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282C0F7EFB08B3FE7C" box="[806,910,425,447]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573421" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573421</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7EFB0F13FE7C" box="[1011,1070,425,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">4</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7EFB0E5DFE7C" box="[1138,1376,425,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7EFB0FE6FE7C" box="[1138,1243,425,447]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573405" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573405</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282BCB7EFB0E76FE7C" box="[1250,1355,425,447]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573408" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573408</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37E800E5DFE2B" box="[154,1376,466,488]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37E800AF4FE2B" box="[154,457,466,488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37E800A4DFE2B" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[154,368,466,488]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panopyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37E800BD4FE2B" box="[154,233,466,488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E267E810A4DFE2B" box="[271,368,467,488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">panopyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7E8009BCFE2B" box="[579,641,466,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">8</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7E80089EFE2B" box="[693,931,466,488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7E800823FE2B" box="[693,798,466,488]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573422" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573422</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282C0C7E8008B3FE2B" box="[805,910,466,488]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ573429" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">KJ573429</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7E800F13FE2B" box="[1011,1070,466,488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7E800E5DFE2B" box="[1138,1376,466,488]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37EAE0E5DFDF3" box="[154,1376,508,560]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37EAE0AF4FDF3" box="[154,457,508,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37EAE0A64FDD1" box="[154,345,508,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37EAE0A6DFDD1" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[154,336,508,530]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">Pelagia noctiluca</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7EAE09BCFDF3" box="[579,641,508,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">8</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7EAE089EFDF3" box="[693,931,508,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7EAE0814FDD1" box="[693,809,508,530]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ375927" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">GQ375927</accessionNumber>
|
||
-30
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7D48081CFDF3" box="[693,801,538,560]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ697960" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">JQ697960</accessionNumber>
|
||
-63
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7EAE0F13FDF3" box="[1011,1070,508,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7EAE0E5DFDF3" box="[1138,1376,508,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7EAE0FDAFDD1" box="[1138,1255,508,530]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194865" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194865</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37D160E5DFD99" box="[154,1376,580,602]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37D160AF4FD99" box="[154,457,580,602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37D160A35FD9A" box="[154,264,580,602]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37D160BD8FD99" box="[154,229,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Aurelia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E217D160A28FD99" box="[264,277,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">*</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7D1609BCFD99" box="[579,641,580,602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7D16089EFD99" box="[693,931,580,602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7D160819FD99" box="[693,804,580,602]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY903187" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">AY903187</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7D160F13FD99" box="[1011,1070,580,602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7D160E5DFD99" box="[1138,1376,580,602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7D160FDDFD99" box="[1138,1248,580,602]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU276014" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">EU276014</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37D3F0E5DFD40" box="[154,1376,621,643]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37D3F0AF4FD40" box="[154,457,621,643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37D3F0AF4FD40" box="[154,457,621,643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37D3F0A83FD40" box="[154,446,621,643]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Phacellophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="camtschatica">Phacellophora camtschatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7D3F09BCFD40" box="[579,641,621,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7D3F089EFD40" box="[693,931,621,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7D3F081BFD40" box="[693,806,621,643]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ120099" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">GQ120099</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7D3F0F13FD40" box="[1011,1070,621,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7D3F0E5DFD40" box="[1138,1376,621,643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7D3F0FDCFD40" box="[1138,1249,621,643]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY920778" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">AY920778</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37DC40E5DFD6F" box="[154,1376,662,684]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37DC40AF4FD6F" box="[154,457,662,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37DC40A1AFD6F" box="[154,295,662,684]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37DC40A3BFD6F" box="[154,262,662,684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E0E7DC40A0BFD6F" box="[295,310,662,684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">*</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7DC409BCFD6F" box="[579,641,662,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7DC4089EFD6F" box="[693,931,662,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7DC4081BFD6F" box="[693,806,662,684]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ083524" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">DQ083524</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7DC40F13FD6F" box="[1011,1070,662,684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7DC40E5DFD6F" box="[1138,1376,662,684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37D920E5DFD15" box="[154,1376,704,726]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37D920AF4FD15" box="[154,457,704,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37D920AB7FD15" box="[154,394,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37D920ABDFD15" box="[154,384,704,726]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="melanaster">Chrysaora melanaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7D9209BCFD15" box="[579,641,704,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7D92089EFD15" box="[693,931,704,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7D920827FD15" box="[693,794,704,726]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ602545" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">FJ602545</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7D920F13FD15" box="[1011,1070,704,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7D920E5DFD15" box="[1138,1376,704,726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7D920FD5FD15" box="[1138,1256,704,726]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194864" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194864</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37DBB0E5DFD3C" box="[154,1376,745,767]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37DBB0AF4FD3C" box="[154,457,745,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37DBB0AB9FD3C" box="[154,388,745,767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37DBB0A47FD3C" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[154,378,745,767]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fuscescens">Chrysaora fuscescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7DBB09BCFD3C" box="[579,641,745,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7DBB089EFD3C" box="[693,931,745,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7DBB0F13FD3C" box="[1011,1070,745,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7DBB0E5DFD3C" box="[1138,1376,745,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7DBB0FDAFD3C" box="[1138,1255,745,767]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194868" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194868</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37C400E5DFCEB" box="[154,1376,786,808]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37C400AF4FCEB" box="[154,457,786,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37C400A5EFCEB" box="[154,355,786,808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37C400A65FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Macri" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[154,344,786,808]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Rhizostomatidae" genus="Rhizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulmo">Rhizostoma pulmo</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7C4009BCFCEB" box="[579,641,786,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7C40089EFCEB" box="[693,931,786,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7C40081BFCEB" box="[693,806,786,808]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ902121" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HQ902121</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7C400F13FCEB" box="[1011,1070,786,808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7C400E5DFCEB" box="[1138,1376,786,808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7C400FDAFCEB" box="[1138,1255,786,808]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194848" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194848</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37C6E0E5DFC91" box="[154,1376,828,850]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37C6E0AF4FC91" box="[154,457,828,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37C6E0A69FC91" box="[154,340,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37C6E0A77FC91" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[154,330,828,850]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" genus="Cyanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capillata">Cyanea capillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7C6E09BCFC91" box="[579,641,828,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7C6E089EFC91" box="[693,931,828,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7C6E0820FC91" box="[693,797,828,850]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JX995344" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">JX995344</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7C6E0F13FC91" box="[1011,1070,828,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7C6E0E5DFC91" box="[1138,1376,828,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7C6E0FDAFC91" box="[1138,1255,828,850]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194873" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194873</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37C370E5DFCB8" box="[154,1376,869,891]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37C370AF4FCB8" box="[154,457,869,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37C370A5EFCB8" box="[154,355,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37C370A65FCB8" box="[154,344,869,891]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" genus="Cyanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annaskala">Cyanea annaskala</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7C3709BCFCB8" box="[579,641,869,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7C37089EFCB8" box="[693,931,869,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7C370819FCB8" box="[693,804,869,891]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY902915" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">AY902915</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7C370F13FCB8" box="[1011,1070,869,891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7C370E5DFCB8" box="[1138,1376,869,891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7C370FDAFCB8" box="[1138,1255,869,891]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194831" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194831</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37CDC0E5DFC67" box="[154,1376,910,932]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37CDC0AF4FC67" box="[154,457,910,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37CDC0A67FC67" box="[154,346,910,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37CDC0A6DFC67" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[154,336,910,932]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" genus="Cyanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lamarckii">Cyanea lamarckii</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7CDC09BCFC67" box="[579,641,910,932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7CDC089EFC67" box="[693,931,910,932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282D9C7CDC081FFC67" box="[693,802,910,932]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HF930523" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HF930523</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7CDC0F13FC67" box="[1011,1070,910,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7CDC0E5DFC67" box="[1138,1376,910,932]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37CEA0E5DFC0D" box="[154,1376,952,974]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37CEA0AF4FC0D" box="[154,457,952,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37CEB0A07FC0E" box="[154,314,952,974]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" genus="Desmonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37CEB0A2AFC0D" box="[154,279,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Desmonema</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E137CEA0A7AFC0D" box="[314,327,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">*</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7CEA09BCFC0D" box="[579,641,952,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7CEA089EFC0D" box="[693,931,952,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7CEA0F13FC0D" box="[1011,1070,952,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7CEA0E5DFC0D" box="[1138,1376,952,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7CEA0FDAFC0D" box="[1138,1255,952,974]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194857" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194857</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFEB12D22FB37CB30E5DFC34" box="[154,1376,993,1015]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFEB12D22FB37CB30AF4FC34" box="[154,457,993,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FB37CB30A44FC34" box="[154,377,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282FB37CB30A52FC34" authorityName="Goette" authorityYear="1886" box="[154,367,993,1015]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">Sanderia malayensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D6A7CB309BCFC34" box="[579,641,993,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22D9C7CB3089EFC34" box="[693,931,993,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22CDA7CB30F13FC34" box="[1011,1070,993,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">1</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFEB12D22B5B7CB30E5DFC34" box="[1138,1376,993,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<accessionNumber id="66BAAB50FFEBED282B5B7CB30FDAFC34" box="[1138,1255,993,1015]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM194861" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">HM194861</accessionNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEBED282FBE7B4A082AFBEC" blockId="5.[151,791,1048,1071]" box="[151,791,1048,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">* Sequences downloaded from GenBank; n/a: not available.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFEBED282FBE78C909C2F82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" startId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" targetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFEBED282FBE78C909C2F82D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1947,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282FBE78C90A2FF873" bold="true" box="[151,274,1947,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282E3178C90AFEF872" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[280,451,1947,1969]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282E3178C90AFEF872" box="[280,451,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282EE078C90924F873" bold="true" box="[457,537,1947,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFEBED282EE078C90924F873" box="[457,537,1947,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282C1F78E9088DF813" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[822,944,1978,2000]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282C1F78E9088DF813" box="[822,944,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left) compared with absence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFEBED282A0278E90EA1F813" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1323,1436,1978,2000]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFEBED282A0278E90EA1F813" box="[1323,1436,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="460">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tentacles (right). Drawings after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFEBED282EC9788A09B8F82D" author="Krasinska, S." box="[480,645,2008,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="460" pagination="256 - 348" refId="ref7242" refString="Krasinska, S. (1914) Beitrage zur Histologie der Medusen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 109, 256 - 348." type="journal article" year="1914">Krasinska, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(modified).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE8ED2B2FBE7BE60E6EFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" startId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE8ED2B2FBE7BE60E6EFAE6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1204,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2FBE7BE60A28FB0A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1204,1226]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2E347BE60AF6FB09" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,459,1204,1226]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2E347BE60AF6FB09" box="[285,459,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2EFD7BE6091AFB0A" bold="true" box="[468,551,1204,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE8ED2B2EFD7BE6091AFB0A" box="[468,551,1204,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31F36538FFE8ED262FEE7A1F0A2DFC2C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE8ED2B2FEE7A1F08AFFA35" blockId="6.[151,1440,1357,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2FEE7A1F0945FAA5" bold="true" box="[199,632,1357,1382]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" reason="1">Discussion and systematic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Within the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2C637A1F08CEFAA5" box="[842,1011,1357,1382]" order="Semaestomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" rank="order">Semaestomeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, four families are widely recognized (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2FF57A200A41FA49" author="Kramp, P." box="[220,380,1393,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref7200" refString="Kramp, P. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2EB17A230900FA49" author="Russell, F. S." box="[408,573,1393,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" refId="ref7971" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on Hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 284 pp. Available from: http: // www. mba. ac. uk / nmbl / publications / medusae _ 2 / medusae _ 2 _ complete. pdf (accessed 25 April 2014)." type="book" year="1970">Russell 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bayha & Dawson 2010)—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2C9E7A230F13FA49" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[951,1070,1393,1418]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2B607A230FFFFA49" authorityName="L.Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1097,1218,1393,1418]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cyaneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2BF77A230E61FA49" box="[1246,1372,1393,1418]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2FBE7AC70A67FA6D" box="[151,346,1429,1454]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Drymonematidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Drymonematidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
—and a fifth family,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2D797AC70828FA6D" authorityName="Straehler-Pohl, Widmer & Morandini" authorityYear="2011" box="[592,789,1429,1454]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Phacellophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Phacellophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been proposed by Straehler-Pohl
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2BF87AC40E38FA6E" box="[1233,1285,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2FBE7AEB0A31FA11" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,268,1465,1490]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily recognized by emergence of the tentacles at the umbrella margin, the absence of branched pouches of the gastrovascular sinus, and the absence of a ring canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE8ED2B2FEE795308C6F82E" blockId="6.[151,1440,1357,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2FEE79530A01F9D9" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[199,316,1537,1562]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains three genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2D6E7953084CF9D9" author="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G." box="[583,881,1537,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref7038" refString="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930010003819" type="journal article" year="2002">Gershwin & Collins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2CBC79530F46F9DA" box="[917,1147,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2CBC79530F2DF9DA" box="[917,1040,1537,1561]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chrysaora</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2B3479530F4AF9DA" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[1053,1143,1537,1561]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pelagia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2B9F79530E26F9DA" authorityName="Goette" authorityYear="1886" box="[1206,1307,1537,1561]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2B9F79530E26F9DA" box="[1206,1307,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—of which one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2FE779770A7BF9FE" box="[206,326,1573,1597]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2FE779770A7BF9FE" box="[206,326,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was recently revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2D4F797708F6F9FD" author="Morandini, A. C. & Marques, A. C." box="[614,971,1573,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref7566" refString="Morandini, A. C. & Marques, A. C. (2010) Revision of the genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa), Zootaxa, 97, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Morandini and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BB2DF851FFE8ED2B2C3D7974084BF9FE" box="[788,886,1574,1597]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Marques</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Pelagiid jellyfish bearing eight marginal tentacles and eight rhopalia, as the new jellyfish described here, belong either to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2B08791B0FA4F9A2" box="[1057,1177,1609,1633]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2B08791B0FA4F9A2" box="[1057,1177,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to the monospecific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2FBE793F0BD3F946" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[151,238,1645,1669]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2FBE793F0BD3F946" box="[151,238,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two genera are easily distinguished by a number of morphological characters. Namely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2A6C793F0EA1F946" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[1349,1436,1645,1669]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2A6C793F0EA1F946" box="[1349,1436,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have conspicuous exumbrellar cnidocyst warts, shallow rhopaliar pits, 16 marginal lappets, and radial septa terminating between rhopalia and tentacles. By contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2C6479E708F8F90E" box="[845,965,1717,1741]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2C6479E708F8F90E" box="[845,965,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
jellyfish have radial septa terminating proximate to the base of the tentacle and a higher number of marginal lappets (32–48 [but see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2B9F798B0E0BF932" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1206,1334,1753,1777]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2B9F798B0E0BF932" box="[1206,1334,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">C. colorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below]); additional anatomical features are distinctive characters species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2CF679AF0F6AF8D6" box="[991,1111,1789,1813]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2CF679AF0F6AF8D6" box="[991,1111,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as the occurrence of quadralinga and a heavy manubrium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2D7C787309E8F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[597,725,1825,1849]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2D7C787309E8F8FA" box="[597,725,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">C. colorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2C2578730F80F8F9" authority="(Gershwin & Collins 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Gershwin & Collins" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[780,1213,1825,1850]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="achlyos">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2C25787308BCF8FA" box="[780,897,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">C. achlyos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2CB978730F8BF8F9" author="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G." box="[912,1206,1825,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref7038" refString="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930010003819" type="journal article" year="2002">Gershwin & Collins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2A3578730EA1F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1308,1436,1825,1849]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2A3578730EA1F8FA" box="[1308,1436,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">C. colorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2E5B78170979F89D" box="[370,580,1861,1886]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2E5B78170AD7F89E" box="[370,490,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 8 marginal tentacles, but it is distinguished by its outer morphology (large size and star-shaped exumbrellar marks) from the three nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2CD1783B0F93F841" box="[1016,1198,1897,1922]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2CD1783B0F72F842" box="[1016,1103,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the well-known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2AAE78380A8CF865" authority="(Forskal 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2AAE78380BC2F866" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
(Forskål 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2EEB78DC085DF865" authority="Peron & Lesueur 1809" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[450,864,1933,1958]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panopyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2EEB78DC0971F866" box="[450,588,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">P. panopyra</emphasis>
|
||
Péron & Lesueur 1809
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2C8978DC0FD7F865" authority="Eschscholtz 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[928,1258,1933,1958]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flaveola">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2C8978DC0F25F866" box="[928,1048,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">P. flaveola</emphasis>
|
||
Eschscholtz 1829
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2BD278DF0A12F809" author="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G." pageId="6" pageNumber="461" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref7038" refString="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930010003819" type="journal article" year="2002">Gershwin and Collins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE8ED2B2E6978E30ACBF809" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[320,502,1969,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" refId="ref6494" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (2013) Pelagia Peron & Lesueur, 1810. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 135262 (accessed 4 March 2014)" type="url" year="2013">Cornelius 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A striking difference also resides in life history, in the direct metamorphosis planula-ephyra in
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2E4A78870AFDF82E" box="[355,448,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2E4A78870A80F82E" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[355,445,2005,2029]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pelagia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE8ED2B2D03788709C7F82D" box="[554,762,2005,2030]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="461" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE8ED2B2D037887099FF82E" box="[554,674,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="461">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a polypoid stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE9ED2A2FBE7A1A0A13FA1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914987/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" startId="7.[151,250,1352,1374]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1330]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE9ED2A2FBE7A1A0A13FA1A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1352,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2FBE7A1A0A2AFA9D" bold="true" box="[151,279,1352,1374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2E0A7A1A0AEEFA9D" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[291,467,1352,1374]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2E0A7A1A0AEEFA9D" box="[291,467,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2EF67A1B0909FA9D" bold="true" box="[479,564,1353,1374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE9ED2A2EF67A1B0909FA9D" box="[479,564,1353,1374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–B) Cnidocyst warts (or cnidocyst clubs) of different sizes scattered over the subumbrellar gonads. Oocytes (oo) of different sizes and maturity are shown. (C) Discharged microbasic eurytele (eu). (D) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (is) and microbasic eurytele (eu). (E) Discharged holotrichous isorhiza (o-is). (F) Microbasic eurytele (eu) and third type of cnidocyst (birh), provisionally identified as heterotrichous microbasic birhopaloid II type (
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2A4D7AF70EA0FA79" box="[1380,1437,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2FBE7A910A1EFA1A" author="Ostman, C." box="[151,291,1475,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="31 - 46" refId="ref7790" refString="Ostman, C. (2000) A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. Scientia Marina, 64, 31 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 131" type="journal article" year="2000">Ostman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE9ED2A2FEE79570EAEF8FD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1541,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
A thorough analysis of the older literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2D9479570802F9DD" author="Maas, O." box="[701,831,1541,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref7306" refString="Maas, O. (1903) Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expedition Monographs, 11, 1 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11300" type="journal article" year="1903">Maas 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mayer 1910;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2CC079570FA3F9DD" author="Krasinska, S." box="[1001,1182,1541,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="256 - 348" refId="ref7242" refString="Krasinska, S. (1914) Beitrage zur Histologie der Medusen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 109, 256 - 348." type="journal article" year="1914">Krasinska 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2B8579540E7CF9DD" author="Menon, M. G. K." box="[1196,1345,1541,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7436" refString="Menon, M. G. K. (1930) The Scyphomedusae of Madras and the neighbouring coast. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, 3, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1930">Menon 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2A6779540BEFF981" author="Kramp, P." pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref7200" refString="Kramp, P. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2FF7797B0A4FF981" author="Russell, F. S." box="[222,370,1577,1602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref7928" refString="Russell, F. S. (1964) On scyphomedusae of the genus Pelagia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 44, 133 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400024693" type="journal article" year="1964">Russell 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2E54797B0A8BF981" author="Russell, F. S." box="[381,438,1577,1602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" refId="ref7971" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on Hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 284 pp. Available from: http: // www. mba. ac. uk / nmbl / publications / medusae _ 2 / medusae _ 2 _ complete. pdf (accessed 25 April 2014)." type="book" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed the morphological features therefore clearly indicate that the new species must be ascribed to the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2E98791C0932F9A5" box="[433,527,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2E98791C0936F9A5" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[433,523,1614,1638]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pelagia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the molecular analysis confirmed its distinctiveness from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2BFF791D0E66F9A5" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1238,1371,1614,1638]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2BFF791D0E66F9A5" box="[1238,1371,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the complication that phylogenetic analyses of 28S suggest incomplete lineage sorting of this more slowly evolving nuclear marker, amplification of paralogues, or hybridization between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2C9079C50F09F96D" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[953,1076,1686,1710]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2C9079C50F09F96D" box="[953,1076,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2B4479C50FCFF96D" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1133,1266,1686,1710]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2B4479C50FCFF96D" box="[1133,1266,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each of these three processes could be responsible for the conflict between gene and species trees. So far, besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2BC679E80E4FF911" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1263,1394,1722,1746]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2BC679E80E4FF911" box="[1263,1394,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all other nominal species of this genus are considered doubtful (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2C4F798F08C1F935" author="Kramp, P." box="[870,1020,1757,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref7200" refString="Kramp, P. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2B25798F0E22F935" author="Gul, S. & Morandini, A. C." box="[1036,1311,1757,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" pagination="86" refId="ref7099" refString="Gul, S. & Morandini, A. C. (2013) New records of scyphomedusae from Pakistan coast: Catostylus perezi and Pelagia cf. noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, e 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 1755267213000602" type="journal article" year="2013">Gul & Morandini 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE9ED2A2A06798F0BE9F8D9" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="462" refId="ref6494" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (2013) Pelagia Peron & Lesueur, 1810. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 135262 (accessed 4 March 2014)" type="url" year="2013">Cornelius 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed, no nominal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2D7878500995F8D9" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[593,680,1794,1818]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2D7878500995F8D9" box="[593,680,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be referred to the presently described material (
|
||
<tableCitation id="346B0308FFE9ED2A2A2778530E66F8D9" box="[1294,1371,1793,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,241,260,283]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of diagnostic characters of species in the genus Pelagia (based on Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961; Russell 1964, 1970, Cornelius 1996, 1997; and present work). The asterisk (*) indicates the minimum size of recorded mature specimens, but the actual size at the onset of sexual maturity still remains unknown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2D96663BFFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" tableUuid="2D96663BFFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE9ED2A2FBE78740A69F8FD" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,340,1830,1854]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2FBE78740A69F8FD" box="[151,340,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE9ED2A2E7278770A89F8FD" bold="true" box="[347,436,1829,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE9ED2A2E7278770A89F8FD" box="[347,436,1829,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is described here as a new species by a combination of morphological features, notably:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE9ED2A2FBE783C0E46F845" blockId="7.[151,1436,1901,2035]" box="[151,1403,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
• densely distributed and irregularly shaped (rounded to arrow-pointed) exumbrellar cnidocyst warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE9ED2A2A01783F0E51F845" box="[1320,1388,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,835,857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,813]" captionTargetId="figure-186@10.[151,1436,193,813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Appearance of exumbrellar warts, gonad morphology and colour in (A) Pelagia noctiluca (A) and (B) Pelagia benovici sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE9ED2A2FBE78C00836F80D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1901,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
• milky white (same colour both in female and male specimens) horse-shoe shaped, outwardly convex gonads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE9ED2A2FE678E70A29F80D" box="[207,276,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,835,857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,813]" captionTargetId="figure-186@10.[151,1436,193,813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Appearance of exumbrellar warts, gonad morphology and colour in (A) Pelagia noctiluca (A) and (B) Pelagia benovici sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), protruding out of the subumbrellar surface;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE9ED2A2FBE78890864F830" blockId="7.[151,1436,1901,2035]" box="[151,857,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">
|
||
• club-shaped cnidocyst warts on gonadal ribbons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE9ED2A2DD878880876F830" box="[753,843,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-392@6.[151,1436,181,1192]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Rhopaliar pit (rp). (B) Portion of gastrovascular sinus showing radial septa (rs), subumbrellar perradial warts (sw), tentacular (tp) and rhopaliar (rhp) pouches, rhopalia (rh), and rounded marginal lappets. (C) Gastric filaments (gf), horse-shoe shaped gonads (g), and oral arm (oa) covered by transparent warts. (D) Enlargement of ribbon-like gonad (g) covered by cnidocyst warts (nw) bordering the stomach wall with emergent gastric filaments (gf)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914985/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="462">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE6ED252FBE7FCA0ADCFF16" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
• white transparent colour of tentacles, manubrium and oral arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE6ED252CF37FC50F19FF73" box="[986,1060,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,937,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-195@10.[151,1436,937,1623]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Appearance (structure, colour) of oral arms and tentacles in (A) Pelagia noctiluca and (B) Pelagia benovici sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914993/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), tentacles without longitudinal muscular folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE6ED252E557FEE0AEEFF16" box="[380,467,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-230@5.[151,1436,1124,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (A) Oral view with extended marginal tentacles. (B) Sections of tentacles bases showing occurrence of longitudinal muscular foldings in the tentacles of P. noctiluca (left) compared with absence from P. benovici tentacles (right). Drawings after Krasinska, 1914 (modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914983/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98" ID-Table-UUID="2D96663BFFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2D96663BFFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" startId="8.[151,241,260,283]" targetBox="[159,1429,374,1748]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE6ED252FBE7E560F5AFE98" blockId="8.[151,1435,259,347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252FBE7E560A36FED8" bold="true" box="[151,267,260,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of diagnostic characters of species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252C857E5108C2FED8" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[940,1023,259,283]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252C857E5108C2FED8" box="[940,1023,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on Mayer 1910;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252A257E560EAAFED8" author="Kramp, P." box="[1292,1431,260,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref7200" refString="Kramp, P. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252FBE7E760A18FEF8" author="Russell, F. S." box="[151,293,292,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref7928" refString="Russell, F. S. (1964) On scyphomedusae of the genus Pelagia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 44, 133 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400024693" type="journal article" year="1964">Russell 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252E187E760A54FEF8" author="Russell, F. S." box="[305,361,292,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" refId="ref7971" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on Hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 284 pp. Available from: http: // www. mba. ac. uk / nmbl / publications / medusae _ 2 / medusae _ 2 _ complete. pdf (accessed 25 April 2014)." type="book" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252E5C7E760921FEF8" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[373,540,292,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" pagination="230 - 231" refId="ref6347" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1996) Pelagia flaveola Eschscholtz 1829 (little brown stinger or little yellow stinger). In: Williamson, J. A., Fenner, P. J., Burnett, J. W. & Rifkin, J. R. (Eds.), Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals: A Medical and Biological Handbook. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, pp. 230 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1996">Cornelius 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252D017E76095DFEF8" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[552,608,292,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" pagination="122 - 125" refId="ref6433" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1997) Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. In: Richmond, M. D. (Ed.), A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands. SIDA / Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC, Stockholm, pp. 122 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and present work). The asterisk (*) indicates the minimum size of recorded mature specimens, but the actual size at the onset of sexual maturity still remains unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE6ED252E627E250E5AF954" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<table id="0BE9C413FFE612D22FB67E240EA8F917" box="[159,1429,374,1748]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67E240EA8FE68" box="[159,1429,374,427]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627E240973FE68" box="[331,590,374,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252E627E250AFFFE4F" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[331,450,374,396]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252E627E250AFFFE4F" box="[331,450,374,396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7E240857FE68" box="[611,874,374,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252D4A7E2509F3FE4F" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[611,718,374,396]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flaveola">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252D4A7E2509F3FE4F" box="[611,718,374,396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. flaveola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nomen dubium)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527E240F40FE68" box="[891,1149,374,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252C527E2508C8FE4F" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[891,1013,375,396]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panopyra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252C527E2508C8FE4F" box="[891,1013,375,396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. panopyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nomen dubium)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7E240EA8FE68" box="[1170,1429,374,427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252BBB7E250E3CFE4F" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1170,1281,374,396]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252BBB7E250E3CFE4F" box="[1170,1281,374,396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67EEC0EA8FDF3" box="[159,1429,446,560]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB67EEC0A0CFDF3" box="[159,305,446,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Umbrellar shape and size at maturity (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627EEC0973FDF3" box="[331,590,446,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Hemispherical, thick jelly 35 to 130</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7EEC0857FDF3" box="[611,874,446,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Bell rounded, flatter than an hemisphere 16 to 30 (*)</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527EEC0F40FDF3" box="[891,1149,446,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Bell rounded. Width to 50 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7EEC0EA8FDF3" box="[1170,1429,446,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Flat to hemispherical during active swimming. Thin jelly. 30? to 55 (*)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67D300EA8FD30" box="[159,1429,610,755]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB67D300A0CFD30" box="[159,305,610,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Color</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627D300973FD30" box="[331,590,610,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Exumbrella: mauve to pink to yellowish brown oral arms and tentacles: same as exumbrella. gonads: red to purple</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7D300857FD30" box="[611,874,610,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Exumbrella: light brown (jelly colourless and transparent) (oral arms and tentacles) gonads</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527D300F40FD30" box="[891,1149,610,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Colourless to reddish, oral arms speckled rose- red, gonad reddish</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7D300EA8FD30" box="[1170,1429,610,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Exumbrella: yellow ochre; gonads: milky white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67C770EA8FBF3" box="[159,1429,805,1072]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB67C770A0CFBF3" box="[159,305,805,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Warts</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627C770973FBF3" box="[331,590,805,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Rounded and somehow scattered on exumbrellar dome; elliptical, dense on peripheral areas; dome- shaped, uniformly pigmented with cross foldings. Absent on gonad foldings</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7C770857FBF3" box="[611,874,805,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Colourless, except white tip. Large, thick-set, egg shaped to rounded to somewhat pointed. Height of central dome warts four times the width, becoming progressively less towards the margin</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527C770F40FBF3" box="[891,1149,805,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Linear, low surface warts, radially and regularly oriented from exumbrella dome to margin. Less packed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252B607CF308ECFC17" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252B607CF308ECFC17" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7C770EA8FBF3" box="[1170,1429,805,1072]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Rounded to arrow pointed, densely and uniformly packed on exumbrellar dome and periphery. Present also on gonad foldings</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67B300EA8FAD1" box="[159,1429,1122,1298]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB67B300A0CFAD1" box="[159,305,1122,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Oral arms</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627B300973FAD1" box="[331,590,1122,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Same colour as exumbrella, peripheral areas covered by pigmented warts (same as exumbrella)</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7B300857FAD1" box="[611,874,1122,1298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Light brown to orange red</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527B300F40FAD1" box="[891,1149,1122,1298]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Long oral arms, colourless to speckled rose-red</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7B300EA8FAD1" box="[1170,1429,1122,1298]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">White, transparent. Short oral tube; long delicate oral arms with highly frilled edges. Covered by small transparent cnidocyst warts</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB67A160EA8FA17" box="[159,1429,1348,1492]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB67A160A0CFA17" box="[159,305,1348,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E627A160973FA17" box="[331,590,1348,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Dark-red to pink to brownish, Tentacle proximal base elliptical, including muscular foldings in the mesoglea</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A7A160857FA17" box="[611,874,1348,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Tentacle proximal base elliptical, including muscular foldings in the mesoglea</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C527A160F40FA17" box="[891,1149,1348,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">White to rose Apparently bearing muscular foldings in the mesoglea</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB7A160EA8FA17" box="[1170,1429,1348,1492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">White transparent Tentacle proximal base elliptical, without muscular foldings in the mesoglea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C7D934F1FFE612D22FB679540EA8F917" box="[159,1429,1542,1748]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<th id="84085D8DFFE612D22FB679540A0CF917" box="[159,305,1542,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Gonads</th>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22E6279540973F917" box="[331,590,1542,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Purple (male) to reddish (female), convolute foldings in gastric pouches reaching base of manubrium. Outgrowth only on central sectors of gastric pouches.</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22D4A79540857F917" box="[611,874,1542,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Light brown, yellowish</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22C5279540F40F917" box="[891,1149,1542,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Dark-orange to reddish, convolute foldings</td>
|
||
<td id="84085D8DFFE612D22BBB79540EA8F917" box="[1170,1429,1542,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">Milky white in colour, horse-shoe shaped with peripheral convexity, developed directly on the subumbrellar surface</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE6ED252FEE784B0A11F802" blockId="8.[151,1436,1817,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">
|
||
The findings of sexually mature specimens at sites several hundreds of kilometers apart indicate the possibility of an established population spreading in the North Adriatic.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE6ED252C70786F0FAEF895" author="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G." box="[857,1171,1853,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref7038" refString="Gershwin, L. - A. & Collins, A. G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930010003819" type="journal article" year="2002">Gershwin & Collins (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that pelagiid systematics was oddly neglected, in spite of the conspicuous sizes, distinctive morphologies, and painful stings of these jellyfish. The same authors predicted that new pelagiids likely would be discovered, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE6ED252BE878D40E01F85E" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1217,1340,1925,1949]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="8" pageNumber="463" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE6ED252BE878D40E01F85E" box="[1217,1340,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="463">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems a point in case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE7ED242FBE780A0E5BF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914989/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" startId="9.[151,250,1880,1902]" targetBox="[230,1333,197,1847]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE7ED242FBE780A0E5BF82A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1880,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242FBE780A0A2EF8AE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1880,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo COI gene tree.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE7ED242C48780A0F31F8AD" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[865,1036,1880,1902]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242C48780A0F31F8AD" box="[865,1036,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242B3A780A0F59F8AE" bold="true" box="[1043,1124,1880,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE7ED242B3A780A0F59F8AE" box="[1043,1124,1880,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sequences group together as a single distinct clade. (B) Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree (28S sequences).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE7ED242CC478250FA5F84E" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1005,1176,1911,1933]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242CC478250FA5F84E" box="[1005,1176,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242BB478250FD3F84F" bold="true" box="[1181,1262,1911,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE7ED242BB478250FD3F84F" box="[1181,1262,1911,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sequences group appear in each of two clades with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE7ED242EDE78C40952F868" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[503,623,1941,1963]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE7ED242EDE78C40952F868" box="[503,623,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting of this more slowly evolving nuclear marker, amplification of paralogues, or interspecific hybridization. The tree supports the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE7ED242A3978E60E40F809" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[1296,1405,1972,1994]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In both panels, numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and the scale indicates the number of substitutions per site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE4ED272FBE7C110A7EFCB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914991/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" startId="10.[151,250,835,857]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,813]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE4ED272FBE7C110A7EFCB5" blockId="10.[151,1436,835,887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272FBE7C110A29FC9B" bold="true" box="[151,276,835,857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Appearance of exumbrellar warts, gonad morphology and colour in (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272B257C110FFFFC9A" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1036,1218,835,857]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272B257C110FFFFC9A" box="[1036,1218,835,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pelagia noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272A647C110BD0FCB4" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272A647C110BD0FCB4" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE4ED272FDA7C330A7EFCB5" box="[243,323,865,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2D96663BFFE4ED272FBE793F0BFEF962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914993/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" startId="10.[151,250,1645,1667]" targetBox="[151,1436,937,1623]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE4ED272FBE793F0BFEF962" blockId="10.[151,1436,1644,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272FBE793F0A29F941" bold="true" box="[151,276,1645,1667]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Appearance (structure, colour) of oral arms and tentacles in (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272C9F793E0F56F941" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[950,1131,1644,1666]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272C9F793E0F56F941" box="[950,1131,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pelagia noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272BE0793E0E4BF941" authority="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero, 2014" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1225,1398,1644,1666]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272BE0793E0E4BF941" box="[1225,1398,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pelagia benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50AE57DAFFE4ED272A54793F0BFEF962" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE4ED272FEE799C0BCCF8B4" blockId="10.[151,1436,1742,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272FEE799C0AECF924" bold="true" box="[199,465,1742,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Native or introduced?</emphasis>
|
||
The first alien jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272B30799D0E28F925" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1049,1301,1742,1766]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andromeda">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272B30799D0E28F925" box="[1049,1301,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Cassiopea andromeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was found near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01FE7623FFE4ED272FE679A00A1DF8C8" box="[207,288,1778,1803]" name="Cyprus" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
at the beginning of the 20th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE4ED272DE779A0086CF8C8" author="Maas, O." box="[718,849,1778,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref7306" refString="Maas, O. (1903) Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expedition Monographs, 11, 1 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11300" type="journal article" year="1903">Maas 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, three non-native jellyfish species have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272DB9784408BEF8ED" authorityName="von Lendendfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[656,899,1814,1838]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Mastigiidae" genus="Phyllorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272DB9784408BEF8ED" box="[656,899,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Phyllorhiza punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272CE178440E5DF8EC" authority="(Galil 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Galil" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[968,1376,1814,1839]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Rhizostomatidae" genus="Rhopilema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nomadica">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272CE178440F83F8ED" box="[968,1214,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Rhopilema nomadica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE4ED272BFC78440E64F8EC" author="Galil, B. S. & Spanier, E. & Ferguson, W." box="[1237,1369,1814,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref6915" refString="Galil, B. S., Spanier, E. & Ferguson, W. (1990) The Scyphomedusae of the Mediterranean coast of Israel, including two Lessepsian migrants new to the Mediterranean. Zoologisches Mededlingen, 64, 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="1990">Galil 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272FBE786909AAF890" authority="Galil and Gershwin 2010" authorityName="Galil and Gershwin" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,663,1850,1875]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Marivagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272FBE78690A57F891" box="[151,362,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Marivagia stellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE4ED272E5D786809AAF890" author="Galil, B. S. & Gershwin, L. - A. & Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B." box="[372,663,1850,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref6961" refString="Galil, B. S., Gershwin, L. - A., Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B. (2010) Marivagia stellata gen. et sp. nov. (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cepheidae), another alien jellyfish from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Aquatic Invasions, 5, 331 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2010.5.4.01" type="journal article" year="2010">Galil and Gershwin 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE4ED272D8078680852F890" author="Galil, B. S. & Gershwin, L. - A. & Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B." box="[681,879,1850,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref6961" refString="Galil, B. S., Gershwin, L. - A., Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B. (2010) Marivagia stellata gen. et sp. nov. (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cepheidae), another alien jellyfish from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Aquatic Invasions, 5, 331 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2010.5.4.01" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Galil
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272DC57869081DF891" box="[748,800,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272CAD78690F29F891" baseAuthorityName="Galil" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[900,1044,1850,1874]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Rhizostomatidae" genus="Rhopilema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nomadica">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272CAD78690F29F891" box="[900,1044,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">R. nomadica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272B7878690FF1F891" authorityName="Galil and Gershwin" authorityYear="2010" box="[1105,1228,1850,1874]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Marivagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272B7878690FF1F891" box="[1105,1228,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">M. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also were new to science.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE4ED262FEE78D00EAFFD0C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1742,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1440,151,1007]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
When
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE4ED272E3D78D10AADF859" authorityName="Galil and Gershwin" authorityYear="2010" box="[276,400,1922,1946]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Marivagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272E3D78D10AADF859" box="[276,400,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">M. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a new species from the Israeli Mediterranean coast,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE4ED272BE078D00EA1F858" author="Galil, B. S. & Gershwin, L. - A. & Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B." box="[1225,1436,1922,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref6961" refString="Galil, B. S., Gershwin, L. - A., Douek, J. & Rinkevich, B. (2010) Marivagia stellata gen. et sp. nov. (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cepheidae), another alien jellyfish from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Aquatic Invasions, 5, 331 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2010.5.4.01" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Galil
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE4ED272A2278D10E7DF859" box="[1291,1344,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cautiously considered it as a non-native species and a probable Lessepsian immigrant, assuming that a native, coastal conspicuous jellyfish, markedly different from all known scyphozoans of the Mediterranean Sea, would hardly have escaped attention until the 21
|
||
<superScript id="8E9C9BFBFFE5ED262D537FC509B9FF66" attach="left" box="[634,644,151,165]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">st</superScript>
|
||
century. Recently, the finding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262B257FC90FBAFF70" authorityName="Galil and Gershwin" authorityYear="2010" box="[1036,1159,155,179]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Marivagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262B257FC90FBAFF70" box="[1036,1159,155,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">M. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
off the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BB2DF851FFE5ED262A637FC80EAAFF70" box="[1354,1431,154,179]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01FE7623FFE5ED262FBE7FEC0BECFF14" box="[151,209,190,215]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262FCA7FEC0A9BFF14" author="Galil, B. S. & Kumar, B. A. & Riyas, A. J." box="[227,422,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" pagination="317 - 318" refId="ref6845" refString="Galil, B. S., Kumar, B. A. & Riyas, A. J. (2013) Marivagia stellata Galil and Gershwin, 2010 (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cepheidae), found off the coast of Kerala, India. BioInvasions Records, 2, 317 - 318. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2013.2.4.09" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Galil
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262E0F7F920A67FF14" box="[294,346,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) corroborated this hypothesis and established this species as the fourth Erythrean alien jellyfish species introduced in the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. Similarly, given the number of marine biological stations in the Adriatic Sea, the long history of investigations on gelatinous zooplankton in the area, and the increasing attention on jellyfish blooms in recent years, it is highly unlikely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262B9B7E790E10FE80" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1202,1325,299,323]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262B9B7E790E10FE80" box="[1202,1325,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained unnoticed until 2013, when a large population of mature jellyfish suddenly appeared and then persisted in a restricted area. The North Adriatic Sea, particularly the Gulf of Venice, is a major hotspot for introduction of alien species by shipping- and aquaculture-mediated in Europe (Occhipinti
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262C9F7ECA08D4FE6C" box="[950,1001,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262B687EC40F81FE6C" author="Galil, B. S." box="[1089,1212,406,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" pagination="299 - 311" refId="ref6798" refString="Galil, B. S. (2012) Truth and consequences: the bioinvasion of the Mediterranean sea. Integrative Zoology, 7, 299 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 4877.2012.00307. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Galil 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and an increase in shipping related invasions has been noted recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262DC47EE80850FE10" author="Galil, B. S." box="[749,877,442,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" pagination="359 - 372" refId="ref6749" refString="Galil, B. S. (2009) Taking stock: inventory of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea. Biological Invasions, 11, 359 - 372. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 008 - 9253 - y" type="journal article" year="2009">Galil 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Re-discovery of rare jellyfish (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262A307EE90BDEFE34" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Scyphozoa" family="Rhizostomatidae" genus="Rhizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262A307EE90BDEFE34" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Rhizostoma luteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01FE7623FFE5ED262E067E8C0AA9FE34" box="[303,404,478,503]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait or the native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262D597EB208BAFE34" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[624,903,479,503]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cyaneidae" genus="Drymonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dalmatinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262D597EB208BAFE34" box="[624,903,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Drymonema dalmatinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Adriatic Sea) after almost a century-long absence (Bayha & Dawson 2010 for a review;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262DE47D5008A2FDD8" author="Prieto, L. & Armani, A. & Macias, D." box="[717,927,514,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" pagination="3241 - 3247" refId="ref7875" refString="Prieto, L., Armani, A. & Macias, D. (2013) Recent stranding of the giant jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum Quoy and Gaimard, 1827 (Cnidaria: Schyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine Biology, 160, 3241 - 3247." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Prieto
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262C357D510864FDD8" box="[796,857,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggests some scyphozoans might remain undetected for a very long time and re-appear suddenly, perhaps linked to the presence of an asexually reproducing polyp stage in the life cycle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262EF57D180998FDA0" author="Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Miglietta, M. P. & Parsons, T. & Piraino, S." box="[476,677,586,611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref6128" refString="Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Miglietta, M. P., Parsons, T. & Piraino, S. (2008) Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 356, 299 - 310. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 07368" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262D007D190964FDA0" box="[553,601,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this is unlikely to be the case for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262BB67D190E27FDA0" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1183,1306,587,611]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262BB67D190E27FDA0" box="[1183,1306,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262FBE7D3D0BD3FD44" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1809" box="[151,238,623,647]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262FBE7D3D0BD3FD44" box="[151,238,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thought to lack a polyp stage, although this needs to be confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262B7F7D220FE8FD44" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1110,1237,623,647]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262B7F7D220FE8FD44" box="[1110,1237,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By its currently restricted distribution in the Gulf of Venice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D22A36FFE5ED262DAE7DC009F4FD68" box="[647,713,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,742,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-215@1.[240,1346,737,1893]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of sampling sites (stars) and observed distributional range (circles) of Pelagia benovici sp. nov. in the North Adriatic Sea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), its conspicuous bloom, and each medusa’s unignorable size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262AAE7DC10BCBFD0C" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262AAE7DC10BCBFD0C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems most likely to be another alien species introduced by human activities into the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="795636B3FFE5ED262FEE7D890A2DFC2C" blockId="11.[151,1440,151,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Most probably,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262E527D890ACAFD30" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[379,503,731,755]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262E527D890ACAFD30" box="[379,503,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transported as viable jellyfish in the ballast waters of ships coming from the native area of this species, where it remains still undetected. This is the third case of a new species discovered in the Mediterranean but native to different seas, after the Erythrean immigrants
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262B617C710EA1FCF8" authority="(Decapoda)" authorityName="Lewinsohn & Holthuis" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Decapoda" box="[1096,1436,802,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Alpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="migrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262B617C710E31FCF9" box="[1096,1292,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Alpheus migrans</emphasis>
|
||
(Decapoda)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lewinson and Holthuis 1978, and the rhizostome jellyfish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262C177C1A0F2DFC9C" authorityName="Galil and Gershwin" authorityYear="2010" box="[830,1040,839,863]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cepheidae" genus="Marivagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262C177C1A0F2DFC9C" box="[830,1040,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Marivagia stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE94D30FFE5ED262BC27C1A0E55FC9C" authorityName="Piraino & Aglieri & Martell & Mazzoldi & Melli & Milisenda & Scorrano & Boero" authorityYear="2014" box="[1259,1384,839,863]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benovici">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B9DEAA1FFE5ED262BC27C1A0E55FC9C" box="[1259,1384,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">P. benovici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
still remains unknown, but this new taxon looks like an invasive species with the potential to form large blooms. It may have potential to spread across the Adriatic and neighbouring seas, raising the need for research efforts on mechanisms driving bioinvasions and on the impact of outbreak-forming species, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D784B42FFE5ED262BBE7CE10E09FC08" author="Boero, F." box="[1175,1332,946,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" refId="ref6091" refString="Boero, F. (2013) Review of jellyfish blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean 92, FAO, Rome, 54 pp." type="book" year="2013">Boero (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently advocated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |