516 lines
53 KiB
XML
516 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.10689" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c97097e0-264f-44c8-b532-bcb6f7f35b9a" ID-ISSN="2167-8359" ID-PMC="PMC7882137" ID-PubMed="33614269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5847070" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1642099237947" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cheek, Martin, Tchiengué, Barthélemy & van der Burgt, Xander" docDate="2021" docId="EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.9.e10689.1-32.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PeerJ 9" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10689" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B6346867C9D49AB2DD3A1D607021D2E9:PeerJ.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="B6346867C9D49AB2DD3A1D607021D2E9" docStyleName="PeerJ.2019-.journal_article" docTitle="Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="1336DE3F3579C251FE42FFBFD5775B1E" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668138823348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cheek, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.cheek@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tchiengué, Barthélemy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Agronomic Research and Development, Herbier National Camerounais, Yaoundé, Centrale, Cameroon</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van der Burgt, Xander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Identification & Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10689</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.10689</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c97097e0-264f-44c8-b532-bcb6f7f35b9a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2167-8359</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC7882137</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">33614269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5847070</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847044" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192084205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5847044" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1542,1428,1535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,866,1428,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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2.
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<taxonomicName authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." box="[527,932,1428,1455]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[527,866,1428,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
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Engl.
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Engler" box="[949,1148,1428,1455]" firstAuthor="Engler" journalOrPublisher="Botanischr Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" page="455" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="447 - 466" part="15" refId="ref16595" refString="Engler A. 1892. Araceae Africanae I. Botanischr Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 15: 447 - 466." title="Araceae Africanae I" type="journal article" year="1892">
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<emphasis box="[949,1091,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Engler, 1892</emphasis>
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: 455
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Engler & Prantl" box="[1159,1452,1428,1455]" firstAuthor="Engler" journalOrPublisher="Leipzig: Engelmann." page="59" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref16657" refString="Engler A, Prantl K. 1897. Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten: Erganzungsheft enthaltend die Nachtrage zu den Teilen II - IV - W. Leipzig: Engelmann." title="Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten: Erganzungsheft enthaltend die Nachtrage zu den Teilen II - IV - W" type="book" year="1897">
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<emphasis box="[1159,1409,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Engler & Prantl, 1897</emphasis>
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: 59
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Brown in
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<bibRefCitation author="Thistleton-Dyer" box="[530,840,1468,1495]" journalOrPublisher="London: Lovell Reeve & Co" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17925" refString="Thistleton-Dyer. 1901. Flora of Tropical Africa 8. London: Lovell Reeve & Co." title="Flora of Tropical Africa 8" type="book" year="1901">
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<emphasis box="[530,781,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thistleton-Dyer, 1901</emphasis>
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: 161
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Engler" box="[853,1042,1468,1495]" firstAuthor="Engler" journalOrPublisher="Leipzig: Von Wilhelm Engelmann (Druck von Breitkopf & Hartel in Leipzig)" page="48" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 49" refId="ref16618" refString="Engler A. 1911. Pseudohydrosme in: Engler A. Das Pflanzenreich IV 23 C (Araceae-Lasioideae). Leipzig: Von Wilhelm Engelmann (Druck von Breitkopf & Hartel in Leipzig), 47 - 49." title="Pseudohydrosme in: Engler A. Das Pflanzenreich IV 23 C (Araceae-Lasioideae)" type="book chapter" year="1911">
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<emphasis box="[853,997,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Engler, 1911</emphasis>
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: 48
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bogner" box="[1055,1250,1468,1495]" firstAuthor="Bogner" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" page="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="31 - 37" part="4" refId="ref15392" refString="Bogner J. 1981. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. Aroideana 4 (1): 31 - 37." title="Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl" type="journal article" year="1981">
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<emphasis box="[1055,1205,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bogner, 1981</emphasis>
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: 33
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" page="104 - 113" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
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: 104–113
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</bibRefCitation>
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)—
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<figureCitation box="[704,780,1508,1534]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[524,589,963,985]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,950]" captionTargetId="figure-241@7.[498,1534,234,935]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3 Global distribution of the species of the African genus Pseudohydrosme. Red dot = P. buettneri; black dots= P.gabunensis (location not available for Congo specimen); blue dot = P. ebo. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10689/fig-3" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847076/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[841,855,1508,1535]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[524,589,1219,1241]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-187@12.[498,1136,234,1191]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5 Pseudohydrosme gabunensis. Photo of flowering, leafless plant cultivated at University of Vienna Botanic Garden (courtesy of David Prehsler). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10689/fig-5" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5847080/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1540,1570,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466312" collectingDate="1881-10-13" collectionCode="B" collectorName="Soyaux" country="Gabon" location="Sibang" municipality="Libreville" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="B100165306" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Estuaire Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,618,1570,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus box="[498,613,1570,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[627,708,1570,1596]" name="Gabon" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[721,928,1570,1596]" country="Gabon" name="Estuaire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Estuaire Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[941,1052,1570,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Libreville</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A:6279418A3575C25DFA6BF99DD10E5D22" box="[1065,1145,1570,1596]" country="Gabon" municipality="Libreville" name="Sibang" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Estuaire Province">Sibang</location>
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, “Gabun,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A:6279418A3575C25DFAB2F99DD0FB5D22" box="[1264,1420,1570,1596]" country="Gabon" municipality="Libreville" name="Mundagebiet" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Estuaire Province">Mundagebiet</location>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF0FA6473575C240FFB0FA2BD63C5F7A:6279418A3575C25DFFB0F9F5D60D5D7A" box="[498,890,1610,1637]" country="Gabon" municipality="Libreville" name="Sibang-Farm am Ufer des Maveli" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Estuaire Province">Sibang-Farm am Ufer des Maveli</location>
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” fl.
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<date box="[941,1139,1610,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1881-10-13">
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<collectingDate box="[941,1139,1610,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1881-10-13">13 October 1881</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis box="[1152,1235,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<collectorName box="[1152,1235,1611,1637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Soyaux</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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299 (
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<typeStatus box="[1303,1416,1610,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode box="[498,643,1650,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B100165306</specimenCode>
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, Herbarium specimen, image!)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1540,1570,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Terrestrial herb, rhizome light brown, ellipsoid or subcylindric, erect or oblique, 9–12 cm diam. to 15 cm long, surface with transverse ridges. Roots fleshy 5–8 mm thick, brownish yellow, sometimes developing new plants at their tips (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1540,1570,1916]" lastBlockId="13.[498,1542,234,1815]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Leaf 1–1.3(–2.2) m tall, petiole terete, 1–1.4 cm diam. at base, dark green olive and spotted, with small yellowish white points; prickles 1–2 mm long. Blade of youngest seedlings sagittate-elliptic c. 5 cm long, 3–4 cm wide, basal sinus c. 2 cm long, breadth variable (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[652,985,274,301]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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<emphasis box="[652,985,274,301]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Successively formed blades developing slits and divisions. Blade of mature leaves dracontoid, primary divisions 30–35 cm long, pinnatisect, lobes in each division 5–8, dimorphic, larger, distal lobes elliptic (4–)8–23 cm long, (2–)3–7(–11) cm, apex truncate, bifid, (0.5–)1–3 cm long; smaller, proximal leaflets ovate, 4.5–8 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide, apex cuspidate; lateral veins 4–8 on each side of the midrib, conspicuous on abaxial surface, running to the margin or forming an incomplete submarginal nerve, higher order veins reticulate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1542,234,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Inflorescence: Cataphylls 4–6, membranous, reddish white or brown-purple, slightly spotted, phyllotaxy spiral, proximal ones subtriangular shorter, distal ones becoming longer and oblong elliptic, towards the spathe 1.5–29 cm long, (1–)2–2.5 cm wide; peduncle (3–)5–9 cm long, 1–1.5 cm diam., colour as petiole, with minute sparse greenish white prickles 1–2 mm long. Spathe (30–)40–55(–70) cm long, fornicate, basal half (20–25 cm long) funnel-shaped to subcylindrical, fleshy and to 5 mm thick, limb comprising the distal half of the spathe, flaring widely and curving forward, the apex obtuse, margin undulate; outer surface uniform bright pale yellow, greenish yellow or yellow white; inner surface of blade mostly pale yellow or yellowish white, in an irregular marginal band, with a dark purple central area separated by an irregular margin down to the base of the tube; mouth facing horizontally, usually orbicular or elliptic. Spadix with “unpleasant smell, but not so strong as some
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<taxonomicName box="[1183,1276,992,1018]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
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” (
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<emphasis box="[1306,1469,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Van der Laan</emphasis>
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7641, WAG) or “faintly of lettuce” (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[925,1270,1031,1058]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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<emphasis box="[925,1270,1031,1058]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hetterscheid & Bogner (2013)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) or “of slightly bad cabbage” (David Prehsler, University of Vienna communication to Cheek November 2020), sessile, subcylindrical, (6–)9–12.5 cm long, (1.5–)2–2.5 cm diam. Female zone (2–)3.5(–4) cm long, female flowers completely covering the surface of the axis, usually contiguous with but constricted at the junction with the male zone. Male zone (3.5–)6–8.5 cm long, at base abruptly wider than the female zone, tapering to the rounded apex, completely covered in fertile male flowers. Sterile appendix absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1542,234,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male flowers with 2–5 stamens, stamens densely packed, sometimes paired or in groups of 3 or 5, sessile, 4 mm long, in plan view isodiametric, subprismatic, 5–6- faceted, in cross section c. 1.8(–2) mm × 1.2 mm wide, apex convex purple, sides white, anther thecae c. 3 mm long, opening by an apical pore, pollen orange or yellow, in strings. Female flowers white with ovary yellowish-white globose or ellipsoid, 2–3 mm diam., 2(–3)-locular; style 1–1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm diam., stigma black to reddish brown, surface papillose, 2 mm wide, bilobed, lobes with a broad concave area, apex rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1542,234,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Berry, thinly fleshy, transversely ellipsoid, laterally compressed, rarely globose, 0.8–1.2 cm long, 1.5–1.6 cm wide, white, ripening purple-black, surface wrinkled when ripe, style and stigma persistent, (1–)2-seeded, apex rounded-truncate, base stipitate, stipes (2–) 3–4 mm long, c. 2 mm diam. Seeds subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, one side flattened, the other convex, 9 mm long, 7 mm wide.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1243,1851,1877]" box="[498,1243,1851,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,634,1851,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phenology:</emphasis>
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flowering in the wild mid-September–late October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,234,381]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,809,234,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
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Gabon, Estuaire, Moyen-Ogooué (probably) and Woleu-Ntem Provinces, known from five sites in lowland rainforest sometimes with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Aucoumea gabonensis</emphasis>
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(Burseraceae); 0–100 m alt. Possibly also in Congo (location unknown, see notes below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1409,416,443]" box="[498,1409,416,443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,636,416,442]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology:</emphasis>
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meaning “coming from Gabon” (formerly, in German “Gabun”).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[498,933,479,505]" box="[498,933,479,505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,770,479,505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Local names and uses:</emphasis>
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none known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,541,1206]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466304" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,1157,541,567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Additional specimens:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[779,862,541,567]" name="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Woleu-Ntem Province,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
c. 15 km NE Asok, 600–700 m alt., (leg.
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,860,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Breteler and De Wilde</emphasis>
|
||
s.n. 21 August 1978) cult. Wageningen, fl. 13 March 1984,
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,659,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Van der Laan</emphasis>
|
||
764 (Bot. Gard. No. 978PTGA550), WAG0351246, WAG0351247 images!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466306" box="[498,1389,661,687]" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,950,661,687]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Estuaire Province, Libreville, Sibang:</emphasis>
|
||
“Sibang”, hinter der Station forêstier
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466315" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
wächst im sandigen Lehmboden im Regenwald, sehr schattig, c. 20 m, fl. 29 October 1973,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1447,1527,702,727]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bogner</emphasis>
|
||
664 (K!, M n.v. US n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466314" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Sibang, st. 10 April 1994,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1103,1368,741,767]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wieringa and Haegens</emphasis>
|
||
2710 (WAG0181636, WAG0181637 images!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466307" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Sibang Forest, st. 1 Dec. 1994,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1342,1450,781,806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wieringa</emphasis>
|
||
3308 (WAG0181631, WAG0181632, WAG 0181633, WAG0181634, WAG0181635 images!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466308" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Sibang Arboretum fl. 25 Oct. 2005,
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,1035,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sosef et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2029 (WAG 0223594, WAG0223595 images!, WAG8004057, WAG0108030, WAG.1665445)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466313" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1251,900,926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kango,</emphasis>
|
||
plantations de Assouko, près de poste de Kango, le Komo (estimated as 0
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1173,1183,935,953]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
10′ 41.8″ N, 10
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1366,1376,935,953]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
06′ 45.54″ E)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466316" box="[498,1113,979,1007]" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
fl. 2 Oct. 1912,
|
||
<emphasis box="[681,790,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chevalier</emphasis>
|
||
26828 (P02093245 image!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466301" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1127,1370,980,1006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Forêt de la Mondah</emphasis>
|
||
, road from Libreville to Santa Clara, fl. 16 Sept. 1981,
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1288,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Breteler, Lemmens, Nzabi</emphasis>
|
||
7772 (WAG0449339, WAG0449339, WAG0449340 images!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466309" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[970,1083,1059,1085]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">St. Clara,</emphasis>
|
||
Tussen ± 50–100 m, Linkerkant, Zij-pod naar St. Clara, sterile, no date,
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,1027,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Breteler</emphasis>
|
||
s.n. (WAG044938, image!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3436466303" country="Gabon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Moyen-Ogooué Province:</emphasis>
|
||
“Congo français”. Ogooué (estimated as 0
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1100,1110,1135,1153]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
41′ 18″ S, 10
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1262,1272,1135,1153]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
13′ 55″ E), fl. 1894–95,
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,562,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Leroy</emphasis>
|
||
23 (PO2093240, PO2093241 images! two sheets)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1241,1547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,1034,1241,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cultivated in Europe exact source unknown</emphasis>
|
||
: ex Gabon, probably Sibang, fl. April 2012, leg.
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,626,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bogner</emphasis>
|
||
3006 (BR0000019808871, image!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1241,1547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Those specimens listed above which are sterile, for example
|
||
<emphasis box="[1221,1329,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wieringa</emphasis>
|
||
3308 (voucher for DNA studies of the genus, see above),
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1211,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wieringa and Haegens</emphasis>
|
||
2710, are only provisionally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[649,807,1401,1427]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,807,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that these specimens might belong to another species of the genus (although unlikely since these specimens were collected at Sibang Arboretum where in recent years only this species of the genus has been collected in flower). Equally they may even represent a species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hay" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1253,1401,1520,1546]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anchomanes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1253,1401,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Anchomanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1583,1928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,668,1583,1609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[677,1004,1583,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[677,1004,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possibly extinct at some of its historical locations and is threatened at all of those which remain. At the type location, Sibang, formerly far outside Libreville, at least four gatherings have been made in what is now a small and highly visited forest patch inside Libreville (see notes under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1892" box="[1331,1467,1702,1728]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1331,1467,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above). Measured on Google Earth, the forest is approximately a square, c. 470 m N to S and 420 m W to E, or about 0.25 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[939,949,1777,1794]" fontSize="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</superScript>
|
||
(grid reference: 0
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1159,1169,1778,1796]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
25′ 56.05″ N, 9
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1358,1368,1778,1796]" fontSize="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
29′ 23.64″ E, 49 m alt.). It is now completely surrounded by the dense urban settlement of Libreville which has expanded greatly in the last 60 years. In 1960, at independence, the population of Libreville was 32,000. Since then it has expanded 20-fold to, in 2013, 703,904
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libreville, accessed 19 September 2020) and has a vastly greater footprint. Sibang Arboretum, the surviving patch of forest of a once much greater area, is now known as one of the top two tourist destinations in Libreville.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
At the Cap Santa Clara location, the Forêt de la Mondah, known since 2012 as the Raponda Walker Arboretum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walters" box="[855,1081,394,420]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Walters" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="419 - 430" refId="ref18163" refString="Walters G, Ndjabounda EN, Ikabanga D, Biteau JP, Hymas O, White LJ, Obiang AM, Ondo PN, Jeffery KJ, Lachenaud O, Stevart T. 2016. Peri-urban conservation in the Mondah forest of Libreville, Gabon: red List assessments of endemic plant species, and avoiding protected area downsizing. Oryx 50 (3): 419 - 430 DOI 10.1017 / S 0030605315000204." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
<emphasis box="[855,1081,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Walters et al., 2016</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), two collections were made, one in 1981 (see additional specimens). Since created as a protected area in 1934, it has been reduced in size, losing 40% of its area in 80 years to habitat clearance and degradation due to its close proximity (c. 15 km) to the metropolis of Libreville which draws upon its trees for timber and firewood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walters" box="[864,1090,553,579]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Walters" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="419 - 430" refId="ref18163" refString="Walters G, Ndjabounda EN, Ikabanga D, Biteau JP, Hymas O, White LJ, Obiang AM, Ondo PN, Jeffery KJ, Lachenaud O, Stevart T. 2016. Peri-urban conservation in the Mondah forest of Libreville, Gabon: red List assessments of endemic plant species, and avoiding protected area downsizing. Oryx 50 (3): 419 - 430 DOI 10.1017 / S 0030605315000204." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1090,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Walters et al., 2016</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is not clear if either of the two specimens from St. Clara were from within the current protected area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The species has not been recorded from the Ogouué River since it was collected there by Leroy (1894–1895), despite intensive recent surveys in the lower reaches of the river whence it was probably collected. We have georeferenced the Leroy record on Lambarene since in Leroy’ s time this was a trading post on the lower reaches of the river and it is credible that he stopped and collected there, but this is uncertain. The historic site on the Komo River at Kango, whence it was collected by Chevalier (26828, P; fl. 2 Oct. 1912) is now on a major transnational route, and on Google Earth shows multiple cleared areas due to development. It is possible that it no longer survives at this location, especially since it has not been recorded here or anywhere near, in a century, despite the peak decades of botanical collection in Gabon having been at the end of the 20th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sosef" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sosef" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17686" refString="Sosef MSM, Wieringa JJ, Jongkind CCH, Achoundong G, Azizet Issembe Y, Bedigian D, Van Den Berg RG, Breteler FJ, Cheek M, Degreef J. 2005. Checklist of Gabonese Vascular Plants. In: Scripta Botanica Belgica. Vol. 35. Meise: National Botanic Garden of Belgium." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sosef et al., 2005</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[648,974,1031,1057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[648,974,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was assessed as Endangered, EN B2ab (ii, iii) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lovell & Cheek" box="[498,758,1071,1098]" firstAuthor="Lovell" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="175285185" refId="ref17347" refString="Lovell R, Cheek M. 2020. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e. T 175285164 A 175285185 DOI 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2020 - 3. RLTS. T 175285164 A 175285185. en." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,758,1071,1098]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lovell & Cheek (2020)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
since it is or was known from ten specimens at five locations globally, with an area of occupation estimated as 24 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1156,1166,1105,1122]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
using the 4 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1353,1363,1105,1122]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
cell sizes preferred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[651,802,1151,1177]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17048" refString="IUCN. 2012. IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. Second Edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge: IUCN." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,802,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IUCN (2012)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the threats detailed above. Threats in the Libreville area have already resulted in the possible global extinction of nine species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1892" box="[498,803,1230,1256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,803,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudohydrosme buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see under that species, above). The extent of occurrence is calculated as 4,150 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[760,770,1265,1282]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
. If the identification of the Congolese specimen can be completely confirmed as this species, and the site of its collection discovered, the area of occupation will likely be increased to 28 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[880,890,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
and the extent of occurrence also increased.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,1413,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,575,1413,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The location given in the protologue for the type specimen (see above) is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1892" box="[617,922,1452,1478]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,922,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudohydrosme buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but more detailed. The Munda is the estuary that forms the eastern edge of the peninsula on which Libreville sits. Tributaries of the Munda drain the Sibang area, one of which may have been known as the Maveli, on the forested banks of which Soyaux recorded collecting the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1145,1472,1572,1598]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1472,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,1413,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Herman Soyaux is reported to have collected herbarium specimens from Loango in Gabon from 1875 to 1882 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anon" box="[736,870,1652,1678]" firstAuthor="Anon" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 80" part="169" refId="ref15256" refString="Anon. 1901. A list of the collectors whose plants are in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to 31 st December, 1899. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 169 / 171: 1 - 80 DOI 10.2307 / 4113200." title="A list of the collectors whose plants are in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to 31 st December, 1899" type="journal article" year="1901">
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,870,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anon, 1901</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,1413,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The specimens
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,777,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leroy</emphasis>
|
||
23 and
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,985,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chevalier</emphasis>
|
||
26828 (both P) had been determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[498,689,1731,1757]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Amorphophallus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,689,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amorphophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until identified by Bogner (M) as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1097,1423,1731,1757]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1097,1423,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Dec.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,1413,1918]" lastBlockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
2012. In contrast,
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,820,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wieringa</emphasis>
|
||
4358 (WAG) determined as this species, and cited as such in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sosef" box="[498,703,1811,1837]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sosef" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17686" refString="Sosef MSM, Wieringa JJ, Jongkind CCH, Achoundong G, Azizet Issembe Y, Bedigian D, Van Den Berg RG, Breteler FJ, Cheek M, Degreef J. 2005. Checklist of Gabonese Vascular Plants. In: Scripta Botanica Belgica. Vol. 35. Meise: National Botanic Garden of Belgium." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,703,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sosef et al. (2005)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is in fact an
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,1050,1811,1837]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Amorphophallus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1050,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amorphophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, evident in the larger leaf blade divisions all being acuminate not bifid, and the tuber being described as having the roots from the top (vs.scattered along the length). Similarly,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1141,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wieringa</emphasis>
|
||
3308 (WAG), correctly cited in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sosef" box="[498,703,234,260]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sosef" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref17686" refString="Sosef MSM, Wieringa JJ, Jongkind CCH, Achoundong G, Azizet Issembe Y, Bedigian D, Van Den Berg RG, Breteler FJ, Cheek M, Degreef J. 2005. Checklist of Gabonese Vascular Plants. In: Scripta Botanica Belgica. Vol. 35. Meise: National Botanic Garden of Belgium." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,703,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sosef et al. (2005)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[744,1071,234,260]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[744,1071,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was originally collected as an
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hay" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[498,646,274,300]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anchomanes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,646,274,300]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Anchomanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until determined by Hetterscheid in April 1996.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1227,1391,274,300]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Van der Laan</emphasis>
|
||
764 (WAG) had been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rendle" authorityName="Rendle" box="[765,1138,314,340]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anchomanes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigritianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[765,1048,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Anchomanes nigritianus</emphasis>
|
||
Rendle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until redetermined by Bogner in September 2012.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[530,857,394,420]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,857,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most common and widespread member of the genus. However, it is still extremely rare and with a highly restricted range in the wild.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">It is sought after by private collectors of aroids and live rootstocks and seed attract high prices on the internet. Fortunately, it is found in several large public botanic gardens including in Australia, Germany, France, Netherlands, UK and USA. We believe that plants are probably not collected from the wild (but this cannot be ruled out), rather they are propagated from those already in cultivation, probably from seed derived from the Netherlands.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The collection reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[846,1191,712,739]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,1191,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hetterscheid & Bogner (2013)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as from Congo must be treated with caution. Since it is greatly disjunct (at least c. 300 km) from the known range of this species, it may even represent a further new species. We have not been able to view this specimen. However, Hay (in litt.) states that he has seen photographs of flowering material and that it looks extremely like
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[978,1136,872,898]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[978,1136,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of spathe shape and colouration, therefore this is the most likely identification. The specimen concerned should be located, the spadix studied carefully to determine the species beyond doubt, and an attempt made to rediscover the source population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[770,1094,1031,1057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[770,1094,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1892" box="[1151,1284,1031,1057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1284,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are detailed under the last species. There is no doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[918,1244,1071,1097]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1244,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudohydrosme gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more closely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheek & Tchiengué & van der Burgt" authorityYear="2021" box="[620,690,1111,1137]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ebo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,690,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. ebo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1892" box="[793,929,1111,1137]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[793,929,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the larger size of the spathes in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[498,654,1151,1177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabunensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,654,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. gabunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their different colour and patterning, the usually bilobed style and bilocular female flowers densely covering the axis, all serve, together with the vegetative characters, to separate it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheek & Tchiengué & van der Burgt" authorityYear="2021" box="[726,796,1230,1256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pseudohydrosme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ebo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,796,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. ebo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<tableCitation box="[913,1001,1230,1257]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="17.[117,172,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[108,1525,290,909]" captionText="Table 1 Characters separating Pseudohydrosme gabunensis from Pseudohydrosme ebo and Pseudohydrosme buettneri." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/33D947D93568C240FE37FF47D0795A13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="33D947D93568C240FE37FF47D0795A13">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Floral visitors:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bogner" box="[706,868,1270,1296]" firstAuthor="Bogner" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="31 - 37" part="4" refId="ref15392" refString="Bogner J. 1981. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. Aroideana 4 (1): 31 - 37." title="Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl" type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
<emphasis box="[706,868,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bogner (1981)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected as inferred pollinators two different flies identified as Diptera: Choridae, Sphaeroceridae, and two different beetles identified as Coleoptera: Scaphidiidae, Staphylinidae in association with
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1279,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bogner</emphasis>
|
||
664.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Reproductive biology:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[789,1179,1390,1416]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" page="106" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<emphasis box="[789,1117,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hetterscheid & Bogner (2013</emphasis>
|
||
: 106
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1179,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
working with cultivated plants, report that the female flowering phase is indicated by a faint yet clear lettuce-like scent as the spathe opens, at which time, for 2 days, the receptive stigmas are wet and sticky. After this time the stigmas turn darker brown, desiccate and are no longer receptive. Individuals are obligate outcrossers. Fruits take up 10 months to mature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,234,1895]" lastBlockId="17.[498,1542,1058,1124]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Germination and development: Germination takes 3 weeks to 10 months, producing a single small sagittate, entire leaf from a small rhizome. For several months to two years, new leaves are produced consecutively, usually each larger than its predecessor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[508,841,1748,1775]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,841,1748,1775]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From the second leaf onwards slits may develop in the blade, and within two years the successively produced blades first becomes divided and finally develop the mature dracontoid pattern (see description). First flowering has occurred in as little as five years from first sowing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hetterscheid & Bogner" box="[1106,1440,1868,1895]" firstAuthor="Hetterscheid" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="104 - 113" part="36" refId="ref16961" refString="Hetterscheid W, Bogner J. 2013. Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae). Aroideana 36: 104 - 113." title="Recent observations and cultivation of Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. (Araceae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1440,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hetterscheid & Bogner, 2013</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the wild, the time to maturity is likely to take longer due to predation, competition, and likely lower availability of nutrients
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |