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<document id="8826FA5526F807ED147DDB11C0F7FD62" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4747.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55ab330e-0468-42ed-aeb0-7850751cf989" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694740" ID-ZooBank="6AA8F5DC-8D70-42B0-B016-6F9C4211C471" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583220371855" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H., Ngai, Nguyen Danh &amp; Doan, Hung Dinh" docDate="2020" docId="CD3D2E24CC5CFFE2B191F8A2FCE11901" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4747.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4747 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasmittina acondylata Dick &amp; Ngai &amp; Doan 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="D3FE34D9-98B3-4883-9A6C-AC0C5B74281A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="3104565CCC4FFFF6B106FFB1FFC61C7B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="220" updateTime="1698724047848" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="130E0EE4F9C8DFF5D5791E1D56CFEFF8">Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F5E93CCE885C9E1FAB6F3999B929C4B">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68EDE6996EF1B9AA6B7394CAFB40E533">Ngai, Nguyen Danh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07A1DC373E7B8FFDBFC360DCF886F9D7">Doan, Hung Dinh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D466BEEE7BDF928E251CC7700681185F">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="CD3D2E24CC5CFFE2B191F8A2FCE11901" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703690" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162381103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703690" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3FE34D9-98B3-4883-9A6C-AC0C5B74281A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD3D2E24CC5CFFE2B191F8A2FCE11901" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5CFFE5B191F8A2FDCF1B56" box="[151,521,1811,1838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5CFFE5B191F8A2FDCF1B56" blockId="19.[151,976,1811,1909]" box="[151,521,1811,1838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<heading id="1E63285ECC5CFFE5B191F8A2FDCF1B56" bold="true" box="[151,521,1811,1838]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" reason="1">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5CFFE5B191F8A2FDCF1B56" bold="true" box="[151,521,1811,1838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC5CFFE5B191F8A2FE791B55" authority="Dick &amp; Ngai &amp; Doan, 2020" authorityName="Dick &amp; Ngai &amp; Doan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,447,1811,1838]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acondylata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5CFFE5B191F8A2FE791B55" bold="true" box="[151,447,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Parasmittina acondylata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CD3FE5BCC5CFFE5B0C0F8A2FDCF1B56" box="[454,521,1811,1837]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5CFFE5B191F886FC161B0E" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="description">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5CFFE5B191F886FEE61B2A" blockId="19.[151,976,1811,1909]" box="[151,288,1847,1873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
(
<figureCitation id="DDAF83B7CC5CFFE5B1A6F886FF271B2A" box="[160,225,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1831,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,489,1807]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. AC. Parasmittina acondylata n. sp., holotype, VNMN-0236. A. Colony. B. Autozooids with and without ooecia, and primary orifices. C. Zooids forming ooecia, and primary orifices, some with alate lyrulae; arrowheads, adventitious avicularia. DF. Metroperiella cotoensis n. sp., holotype, VNMN-0238. D. Autozooids, showing primary orifice. E. Young, perforated ooecia, before being covered by secondary calcification. F. Autozooid with semi-immersed ooecium (arrow). Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 150 µm; CF, 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694758/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
AC)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5CFFE5B191F8EBFC161B0E" blockId="19.[151,976,1811,1909]" box="[151,976,1882,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<uri id="31059330CC5CFFE5B191F8EBFC161B0E" box="[151,976,1882,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="3132A5E7CC5CFFE5B0AAF8EBFC161B0E" box="[428,976,1882,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">D3FE34D9-98B3-4883-9A6C-AC0C5B74281A</uuid>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5CFFE5B191F812FE901B9A" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5CFFE5B191F812FE901B9A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1955,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5CFFE5B191F812FED81BC6" bold="true" box="[151,286,1955,1981]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Greek prefix a- (without) and condyle, referring to the apparent lack of condyles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FF29FF1C1CAC" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FF29FF1C1CAC" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FF29FE731CC8" bold="true" box="[199,437,152,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F5FC956FCC5BFFE2B0B9FF29FF1C1CAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573311946" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9A2F2190CC5BFFE2B0B9FF29FDEC1CC9" box="[447,554,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, VNMN-0236 (CT-32), on SEM stub. VNMN-0237, additional dried specimens.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FF50FAD71D38" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FF50FAD71D38" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FF50FE7D1C80" bold="true" box="[199,443,224,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Measurements. AzL</emphasis>
, 0.350.56 (0.430 ± 0.063);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B216FF51FC8B1C80" bold="true" box="[784,845,224,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">AzW</emphasis>
, 0.190.32 (0.267 ± 0.037);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B5A7FF51FB381C80" bold="true" box="[1185,1278,224,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">SecOrL</emphasis>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC5BFFE2B416FF50FA891C80" box="[1296,1359,225,251]" degrees="0.088" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" precision="55" value="0.088">0.088</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC5BFFE2B449FF50FA5B1C80" box="[1359,1437,225,251]" degrees="0.143" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" precision="55" value="-0.143">0.143</geoCoordinate>
(0.119 ± 0.013);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B053FEB5FE7A1D64" bold="true" box="[341,444,260,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">SecOrW</emphasis>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC5BFFE2B0CCFEB4FDCE1D64" box="[458,520,261,287]" degrees="0.077" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" precision="55" value="0.077">0.077</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC5BFFE2B30EFEB4FD921D64" box="[520,596,261,287]" degrees="0.117" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" precision="55" value="-0.117">0.117</geoCoordinate>
(0.103 ± 0.009);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B21DFEB5FC971D64" bold="true" box="[795,849,260,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">OvL</emphasis>
, 0.130.17 (0.158 ±0.014);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B588FEB5FB081D64" bold="true" box="[1166,1230,260,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">OvW</emphasis>
, 0.190.23 (0.203 ± 0.014) (n = 15, 1).
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B087FE99FE0E1D38" bold="true" box="[385,456,296,323]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">AvRL</emphasis>
, 0.070.13 (0.103 ± 0.024);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B20CFE99FC9F1D38" bold="true" box="[778,857,296,323]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">AvRW</emphasis>
, 0.030.04 (0.034 ± 0.003) (n = 12, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FEFDFB861D8D" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FEFDFB861D8D" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FEFDFE841D1C" bold="true" box="[199,322,332,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Three oral spines. Orifice with lyrula moderately broad and tall, alate or non-alate; condyles lacking. Frontal shield coarsely pustulose; areolae conspicuous, circular. Single, rather small frontal avicularium per zooid, proximolateral to orifice (occasionally medial), abutting peristomial collar, directed proximally, rostrum elongate, narrow, rounded at both ends; no giant avicularia observed. Ooecium broader than long, smooth, with around 20 scattered pseudopores; peristomial rim continuous around proximal ooecial margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FDB1FF1B1821" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FDB1FCF01E61" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" box="[199,822,512,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FDB1FE9F1E60" bold="true" box="[199,345,512,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, sheet-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FD95FEA61F41" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Zooids irregular; rectangular, barrel-shaped, or spindle-shaped; distinct, delineated by groove and marginal line flanked by opposing columns of areolae. Frontal wall highly convex, rising to raised peristomial collar surrounding orifice laterally and proximally; coarsely pustulose, with six to nine conspicuous areolae along each lateral margin, with short struts between adjacent areolae. Primary orifice submerged, appearing longer than broad, with median lyrula about one-third as wide as orifice; lyrula moderately long, tapering, weakly alate or truncate. Condyles appear lacking, or scarcely evident, possibly represented by slight, broad convexity on either side distolateral to lyrula. Secondary orifice pear-shaped in outline, with proximal median constriction forming weak or pronounced pseudosinus. Three oral spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FCF4FB6E1FDD" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Many but not all zooids with single frontal avicularium abutting peristomial collar, offset to one side of midline or other, occasionally in midline; rostrum elongate, parallel-sided, rounded at both ends, directed proximally; opesial opening oval, occupying nearly half of rostrum; no crossbars observed, but possibly lost.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FC01FF1B1821" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ooecium prominent, first forming as concavity in proximal frontal wall of next-distal zooid, later appearing to rest on frontal wall; broader than long; globose, somewhat flattened, smooth, with up to 25 small, scattered pseudopores. Sides of peristomial collar continue as raised lip around proximofrontal part of ooecium, forming secondary orifice; oocium ringed around lateral and distal margin with band of raised secondary calcification from next-distal zooid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FBD4FCAE192D" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FBD4FCAE192D" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FBD4FEFD1804" bold="true" box="[199,315,1125,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was detected as a single small, worn colony. While it clearly belongs in
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC5BFFE2B405FBD4FA531805" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1283,1429,1125,1150]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B405FBD4FA531805" box="[1283,1429,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is unusual in lacking well-defined condyles, which is one of the diagnostic features of the genus. If condyles are present at all, they are evident only as a slight convexity in each lateral margin of the primary orifice, and we are aware of no other
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC5BFFE2B067FB60FE351891" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[353,499,1233,1258]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B067FB60FE351891" box="[353,499,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with this condition. The frontal avicularia are similar in shape, size, and position to those in
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC5BFFE2B05EFB44FD751974" authority="Scholz &amp; Cusi, 1991" authorityName="Scholz &amp; Cusi" authorityYear="1991" box="[344,691,1268,1295]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="soulesi">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B05EFB44FE071975" box="[344,449,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">P. soulesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC5BFFE2B0CEFB45FD751974" author="Scholz J &amp; Cusi, M. A. V." box="[456,691,1268,1295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="405 - 431" refId="ref31720" refString="Scholz J, &amp; Cusi, M. A. V. (1991) Paleoecologic implications of modern coral and bryozoan communities from southern Leyte, Philippines. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 71, 405 - 431." type="journal article" year="1991">Scholz &amp; Cusi, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs in having two oral spines; the orifice with a narrow, truncate lyrula and massive condyles, creating a deep sinus on each side of the lyrula; and the ooecia subimmersed, with a single row of large pseudopores around the distal margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC5BFFE2B1C1FAD1FCE11901" box="[199,807,1376,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC5BFFE2B1C1FAD1FCE11901" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1403]" box="[199,807,1376,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC5BFFE2B1C1FAD1FEA71900" bold="true" box="[199,353,1376,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Distribution.</emphasis>
Co To Island is the only known locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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