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<mods:title id="271D136796B1A6168C7CF4FB3DB86C48">Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="519658ABF5BA27CA297250A3244181D8">Ngai, Nguyen Danh</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="CD3D2E24CC57FFECB191FA6AFB931EFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703682" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162381115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD3D2E24CC57FFECB191FA6AFB931EFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD3D2E24CC57FFECB191FA6AFB931EFC" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC57FFEEB191FA6AFD40198E" box="[151,646,1499,1526]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB191FA6AFD40198E" blockId="24.[151,646,1499,1561]" box="[151,646,1499,1526]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="1E63285ECC57FFEEB191FA6AFD40198E" bold="true" box="[151,646,1499,1526]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC57FFEEB191FA6AFD40198E" ID-CoL="4347N" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,646,1499,1526]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB191FA6AFD40198E" bold="true" box="[151,646,1499,1526]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB191FA6AFE0E198D" bold="true" box="[151,456,1499,1526]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Microporella dentilingua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC57FFEEB0C8FA6AFD40198E" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[462,646,1499,1525]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC57FFEEB191FA4EFF3E1A62" box="[151,248,1535,1561]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB191FA4EFF3E1A62" blockId="24.[151,646,1499,1561]" box="[151,248,1535,1561]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
(
<figureCitation id="DDAF83B7CC57FFEEB1A6FA4EFF291A62" box="[160,239,1535,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1762,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,427,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,427,1745]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Microporella dentilingua Tilbrook, 2006, A. Colony, VNMN-0243. B. Autozooids with and without ooecium, VNMN-0243. C. Enlargement showing orifice, VNMN-0243. D. Enlargement showing intact avicularium, VNMN-0276. E. Shape of avicularian mandible, VNMN-0246. F. Autozooids with weaker orificial denticulation and smaller, less-occluded ascopore, VNMN-0244. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 150 µm; CE, 100 µm; F, 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694762/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC57FFEEB191F9F5FD331A27" box="[151,757,1603,1628]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB191F9F5FD331A27" blockId="24.[151,757,1603,1628]" box="[151,757,1603,1628]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC57FFEEB191F9F5FD441A27" ID-CoL="4347N" authority="Tilbrook, 2006, p. 210" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,642,1603,1628]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB191F9F5FE501A27" box="[151,406,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Microporella dentilingua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC57FFEEB09AF9F2FDF01A27" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[412,566,1603,1628]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
, p. 210
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 45EF.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC57FFEEB191F938FD621AB3" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB191F938FD621AB3" blockId="24.[151,1437,1673,2024]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB191F938FEB91ADF" bold="true" box="[151,383,1673,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Material examined.</emphasis>
VNMN-0243 (CT-3), VNMN-0244 (CT-42), VNMN-0245 (CT-45), VNMN-0246 (CT-46), on SEM stubs; VNMN-0247, 23 dried specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC57FFEFB1C1F963FCD51B8C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB1C1F963FBE31B4F" blockId="24.[151,1437,1673,2024]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB1C1F963FE7E1A97" bold="true" box="[199,440,1745,1772]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Measurements. AzL</emphasis>
, 0.520.60 (0.567 ± 0.023);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB3FAF960FCFF1A97" bold="true" box="[764,825,1745,1772]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">AzW</emphasis>
, 0.320.46 (0.378 ± 0.041);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB57BF960FB741A97" bold="true" box="[1149,1202,1745,1772]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">OrL</emphasis>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC57FFEEB5C6F963FAC61A97" box="[1216,1280,1746,1772]" degrees="0.070" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" precision="55" value="0.07">0.070</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC57FFEEB406F963FA8B1A97" box="[1280,1357,1746,1772]" degrees="0.081" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" precision="55" value="-0.081">0.081</geoCoordinate>
(0.075 ± 0.003);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB00CF944FE8E1B6B" bold="true" box="[266,328,1781,1808]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">OrW</emphasis>
, 0.110.12 (0.116 ± 0.004);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB392F944FD0C1B6B" bold="true" box="[660,714,1781,1808]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">OvL</emphasis>
, 0.210.32 (0.240 ± 0.026);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB51EF944FB9E1B6B" bold="true" box="[1048,1112,1781,1808]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">OvW</emphasis>
, 0.240.31 (0.281 ± 0.019);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB191F8A8FF181B4F" bold="true" box="[151,222,1817,1844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">AvRL</emphasis>
, 0.100.13 (0.117 ± 0.009);
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB319F8A8FDA81B4F" bold="true" box="[543,622,1817,1844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">AvRW</emphasis>
, 0.080.11 (0.092 ± 0.008) (n = 15, 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEEB1C1F88CFCF01B23" blockId="24.[151,1437,1673,2024]" box="[199,822,1853,1880]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC57FFEEB1C1F88CFE9F1B23" bold="true" box="[199,345,1853,1880]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, sheet-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC57FFEFB1C1F8D3FC411D60" blockId="24.[151,1437,1673,2024]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,153,421]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Zooids distinct, delineated by groove. Frontal wall moderately convex, with up to five small, slit-like areolae along each lateral margin; perforated over entire surface by numerous minute pseudopores; texture coarsely pustulose between pores. Orifice terminal, semicircular, broader than long; inside corners rounded, proximal margin straight, densely denticulate; orifice surrounded by smooth, raised rim. Usually three (n = 24) but occasionally two (n = 4) short, ephemeral oral spines present; if two, these placed either widely apart at distolateral corners of orifice, or closer together near midline. Ascopore rimmed; circular or wider than long, 11.5 ascopore lengths (including rim) distant from orificial rim; distal margin with moderately or extensively projecting lingula, leaving broadly or narrowly crescentic opening; opening finely denticulate all around.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC56FFEFB1C1FE92FDB31DDE" blockId="25.[151,1437,153,421]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Avicularium single, large, nearly lateral or proximolateral to ascopore, directed distolaterally. Rostrum wide, raised distally at low angle from frontal plane; crossbar complete; narrowly semicircular proximal to crossbar, forming nearly equilateral triangular distal to it; distal end hollowed to accommodate setiform distal portion of mandible; lateral flaps lacking from setiform portion.</paragraph>
<caption id="11EBCFBACC56FFEFB191F953FC2C1B1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694762/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" startId="25.[151,250,1762,1787]" targetBox="[151,1436,427,1745]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC56FFEFB191F953FC2C1B1C" blockId="25.[151,1437,1762,1895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC56FFEFB191F953FEE71A80" bold="true" box="[151,289,1762,1787]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC56FFEFB02FF952FD091A80" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[297,719,1762,1787]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC56FFEFB02FF952FDEC1A80" box="[297,554,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Microporella dentilingua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC56FFEFB335F953FD091A80" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[563,719,1762,1787]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, A. Colony, VNMN-0243. B. Autozooids with and without ooecium, VNMN-0243. C. Enlargement showing orifice, VNMN-0243. D. Enlargement showing intact avicularium, VNMN-0276. E. Shape of avicularian mandible, VNMN-0246. F. Autozooids with weaker orificial denticulation and smaller, less-occluded ascopore, VNMN-0244. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 150 µm; CE, 100 µm; F, 250 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC56FFEFB1C1F824FCD51B8C" blockId="25.[151,1436,1941,2039]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Ooecium prominent, globose, as broad as long, texture densely pustulose, perforated by minute pseudopores; personate, with raised peristomial rim proximal and lateral to orifice; rim extends as ridge around proximal margin of ooecium, forming complete, slightly flared peristome.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB1C1FF28FEB51E19" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FF28FEB51E19" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FF28FEFD1CC8" bold="true" box="[199,315,153,179]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Remarks.</emphasis>
With predominantly three oral spines, the ascopore relatively close to the orifice, the denticulate proximal orificial margin, the personate ooecium, and the large single avicularium proximolateral to the ascopore, the Co To specimens well match the original description of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB2BBFF51FBA21C80" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[957,1124,224,251]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
). One apparent difference is in the ascopore, which in many of the Co To zooids has a nearly circular outline almost completely filled by an extensive, nearly circular lingula projecting from the distal margin, leaving a narrow, distinctly C-shaped denticulate opening. However, there is intra- and intercolony variation in the ascopore in the Co To material, with some zooids having an ascopore that is broader than long, with a small lingula, leaving a wider, crescentic opening, as
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB43DFEC1FF1D1DD5" author="Tilbrook, K. J." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 45F) illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB0F5FE24FD5F1DD5" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[499,665,404,430]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB0F5FE24FD5F1DD5" box="[499,665,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">M. dentilingua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This local variation in the ascopore resembles that reported in geographically separate populations of
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB321FE09FC091DA8" authority="Hayward, 1988" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[551,975,440,467]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB321FE09FCDD1DA9" box="[551,795,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Microporella harmeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB225FE09FC091DA8" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[803,975,440,467]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref29908" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1988) Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 215, 269 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1988. tb 04900. x" type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB2D8FE09FB0C1DA8" author="Harmelin, J. - G. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. &amp; Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. &amp; Sanner, J." box="[990,1226,440,467]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref29658" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Ostrovsky, A. N., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. &amp; Sanner, J. (2011) Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2798.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
Harmelin
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB557FE08FB441DA9" box="[1105,1154,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9). In fact,
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB478FE08FF371D8D" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB478FE08FF371D8D" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">M. harmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
greatly resembles
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB0C5FE6CFDA11D8D" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[451,615,476,502]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB0C5FE6CFDA11D8D" box="[451,615,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">M. dentilingua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the latter in having the ascopore farther from the orifice, and in having the avicularian mandible asymmetrically lanceolate in shape, with wing-like lateral expansions.
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB475FDB1FEEC1E44" author="Tilbrook, K. J." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned a simple setiform mandible for
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB20FFD94FC681E45" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[777,942,548,574]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB20FFD94FC681E45" box="[777,942,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">M. dentilingua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as was the case for the Co To specimen that retained mandibles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB1C1FDDDFB931EFC" box="[199,1109,620,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FDDDFB931EFC" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,647]" box="[199,1109,620,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FDDDFEA71EFC" bold="true" box="[199,353,620,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously known only from the
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC55FFECB3DFFDDDFC521EFD" box="[729,916,620,646]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC55FFECB2A5FDDDFB8C1EFC" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[931,1098,620,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref32691" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 386 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>