325 lines
41 KiB
XML
325 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="A110E1A73F8F7DDF415B9A181B11EDC4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4747.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55ab330e-0468-42ed-aeb0-7850751cf989" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694740" ID-ZooBank="6AA8F5DC-8D70-42B0-B016-6F9C4211C471" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583220371855" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H., Ngai, Nguyen Danh & Doan, Hung Dinh" docDate="2020" docId="CD3D2E24CC55FFEDB191FD69FCE11A70" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4747.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4747 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Microporella tonkinensis Dick & Ngai & Doan 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="D8480B51-CC0D-4B7B-B038-581C87933ADC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="228" masterDocId="3104565CCC4FFFF6B106FFB1FFC61C7B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1698724047848" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="02BA003213456AF209A727F37AE16437" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8BF70B70DDCEB39A0929CD051E392D87">
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<mods:title id="2B1EF00B75149A5C1DBBD92983B963D0">Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="36C34FC4F61BE089BEBC07FD09DAC6C1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="62E4E217CCAA47CA162ADFA8448589BE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E79A4A52836546C8063A09F1084DF2BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F100326EB523D425C3ADCB2915B36E06">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FB404455156A9F26AC77E8A8800D33AC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BCD3B2E6C7513CA9B959C55489F742E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="04CEBDF5918CF74F39D5A4CCE108FF95">Ngai, Nguyen Danh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EC0134B94BD6581923F212CCC2642331" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1130E290C76F2DABB6FDCB0FA7A9870F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="76ADB0389C098C87FD4C1E6AD218F0AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A5D76CC5A2D9CD662D18949450BB56F8">Doan, Hung Dinh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2B0B730615A0CDE226EACC8E4BFF46A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="672E73DF15E46285E9FAB9C4BCC554C2">
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<mods:title id="A159D3CA95F0083E9B14762190625ED8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0B1017E85E27A8D1043F318B093EFCC1">
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<mods:date id="5B6EF5CAFBD251A2AC0FD0C3D0B92677">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="32031C58CED8B1CBFFADABC878A19100" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A86B135A8D0828685CA8CAF4C2BE499A">2020-03-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="78A285884625F9B7E9BAC1D5079C0DA3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8247C5047808C2C9413BD3BAC570FFF4">4747</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D42CB46CAF32C7BDBF60CC39E136E4DA" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E2EAA0D785A484A4BD7D3C2E8D595DF1">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="405903698EE6FD9422DA99FE1A89B772" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="FB1B9359E57DA68D7AF21A0A3092B8CF">201</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C8A28B939B4B602A300BF2B30E4F92A8">252</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="3F5F8950438FF252A0912556791A746F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B1FCF34D2A83A25284A1D40FF5438C46" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4747.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFD26B7B93CEFE1780A0A242BA8033F4" type="GBIF-Dataset">55ab330e-0468-42ed-aeb0-7850751cf989</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA056751864CBA7ED0E89C319855D5F9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FFECAD2340D78EE3B1C2A817A7E3A61C" type="Zenodo-Dep">3694740</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="20AC1F16711E4C6E8655919239B2A0F7" type="ZooBank">6AA8F5DC-8D70-42B0-B016-6F9C4211C471</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="CD3D2E24CC55FFEDB191FD69FCE11A70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703680" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162381116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703680" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8480B51-CC0D-4B7B-B038-581C87933ADC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD3D2E24CC55FFEDB191FD69FCE11A70" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB191FD69FDD71E88" box="[151,529,728,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB191FD69FDD71E88" blockId="26.[151,979,728,827]" box="[151,529,728,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<heading id="1E63285ECC55FFECB191FD69FDD71E88" bold="true" box="[151,529,728,755]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB191FD69FDD71E88" bold="true" box="[151,529,728,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC55FFECB191FD69FE0E1E88" authority="Dick & Ngai & Doan, 2020" authorityName="Dick & Ngai & Doan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,456,728,755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB191FD69FE0E1E88" bold="true" box="[151,456,728,755]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Microporella tonkinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CD3FE5BCC55FFECB0C8FD68FDD71E88" box="[462,529,729,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB191FD4DFC151F40" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB191FD4DFEF61F6C" blockId="26.[151,979,728,827]" box="[151,304,764,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="DDAF83B7CC55FFECB1A6FD4DFF281F6C" box="[160,238,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1734,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,400,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,400,1718]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. A–D. Microporella tonkinensis n. sp., holotype, VNMN-0248. A. Colony. B. Autozooids with and without ooecium. C. Enlargement showing orifice and ascopore. D. Proximofrontal view of autozooids with ooecia. E, F. Bryopesanser tonsillorum Tilbrook, 2012, VNMN-0250. E. Autozooids with and without ooecium. F. Enlargement showing orifice. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, D, 250 µm; C, 50 µm; E, 500 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694764/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB191FC91FC151F40" blockId="26.[151,979,728,827]" box="[151,979,800,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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||
<uri id="31059330CC55FFECB191FC91FC151F40" box="[151,979,800,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid id="3132A5E7CC55FFECB0ACFC91FC151F40" box="[426,979,800,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">D8480B51-CC0D-4B7B-B038-581C87933ADC</uuid>
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||
</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB191FCD8FB3F1FF8" box="[151,1273,872,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB191FCD8FB3F1FF8" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" box="[151,1273,872,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB191FCD8FED81FF8" bold="true" box="[151,286,873,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name comes from the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC55FFECB200FCD9FC9E1FF9" box="[774,856,872,898]" name="Vietnam" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
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, wherein lies the Co To island group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB1C1FC3DFAB01FDD" box="[199,1398,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FC3DFAB01FDD" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" box="[199,1398,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FC3DFE771FDC" bold="true" box="[199,433,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="F5FC956FCC55FFECB0B1FC3DFAB01FDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573311941" box="[439,1398,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="9A2F2190CC55FFECB0B1FC3DFDE41FDD" box="[439,546,908,934]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, VNMN-0248 (CT-6);
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<typeStatus id="9A2F2190CC55FFECB223FC3CFC4E1FDC" box="[805,904,909,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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, VNMN-0249 (CT-41); both on SEM stubs.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB1C1FC00FE0F1804" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FC00FE0F1804" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FC00FE341FB0" bold="true" box="[199,498,945,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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||
Measurements.
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||
<typeStatus id="9A2F2190CC55FFECB083FC00FE341FB0" box="[389,498,945,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, VNMN-0248:
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<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB3A1FC01FD1C1FB0" bold="true" box="[679,730,944,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AzL</emphasis>
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, 0.43–0.59 (0.513 ± 0.050);
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<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB527FC01FB981FB0" bold="true" box="[1057,1118,944,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AzW</emphasis>
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||
, 0.28–0.48 (0.357 ± 0.051);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB191FC65FF0A1F94" bold="true" box="[151,204,980,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OrL</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB1DAFC65FEDD1F95" box="[220,283,980,1006]" degrees="0.062" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.062">0.062</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB01DFC65FEAE1F95" box="[283,360,980,1006]" degrees="0.074" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.074">–0.074</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.068 ± 0.003);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB334FC65FDB61F94" bold="true" box="[562,624,980,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OrW</emphasis>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB386FC65FD791F95" box="[640,703,980,1006]" degrees="0.106" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.106">0.106</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB3B9FC65FCCA1F95" box="[703,780,980,1006]" degrees="0.124" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.124">–0.124</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.113 ± 0.005);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB2D0FC65FBCA1F94" bold="true" box="[982,1036,980,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OvL</emphasis>
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||
, 0.19–0.23 (0.207 ± 0.011);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB453FC65FA531F94" bold="true" box="[1365,1429,980,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OvW</emphasis>
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||
, 0.23–0.27 (0.260 ± 0.011);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB0CBFC49FDD21868" bold="true" box="[461,532,1016,1043]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AvRL</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB324FC48FDA61868" box="[546,608,1017,1043]" degrees="0.090" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.09">0.090</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB367FC48FD6B1868" box="[609,685,1017,1043]" degrees="0.114" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.114">–0.114</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.102 ± 0.007);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB272FC49FC051868" bold="true" box="[884,963,1016,1043]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AvRW</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB2D4FC49FBD71869" box="[978,1041,1016,1042]" degrees="0.046" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.046">0.046</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB517FC49FB981869" box="[1041,1118,1016,1042]" degrees="0.063" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.063">–0.063</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.053 ± 0.006) (n = 15, 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB191FBACFEC2184C" bold="true" box="[151,260,1053,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9A2F2190CC55FFECB191FBACFEC2184C" box="[151,260,1053,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, VNMN-0249:
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB0BBFBADFE36184C" bold="true" box="[445,496,1052,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AzL</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.34–0.49 (0.428 ± 0.039);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB239FBADFCBA184C" bold="true" box="[831,892,1052,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AzW</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.23–0.38 (0.294 ± 0.043);
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||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB5CDFBADFAC6184C" bold="true" box="[1227,1280,1052,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OrL</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB416FBADFA89184C" box="[1296,1359,1052,1079]" degrees="0.056" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.056">0.056</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB449FBADFA5A184C" box="[1359,1436,1052,1079]" degrees="0.072" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.072">–0.072</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.066 ± 0.004);
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB05CFBF1FE5E1820" bold="true" box="[346,408,1088,1115]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">OrW</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB0AFFBF0FE211820" box="[425,487,1089,1115]" degrees="0.087" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.087">0.087</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB0E1FBF0FDF31820" box="[487,565,1089,1115]" degrees="0.104" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.104">–0.104</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.098 ± 0.005);
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB207FBF1FC8E1820" bold="true" box="[769,840,1088,1115]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AvRL</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB25EFBF1FC501821" box="[856,918,1088,1114]" degrees="0.068" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.068">0.068</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB291FBF1FC221821" box="[919,996,1088,1114]" degrees="0.092" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.092">–0.092</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.082 ± 0.007);
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB5B7FBF1FAC61820" bold="true" box="[1201,1280,1088,1115]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">AvRW</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB416FBF1FA891820" box="[1296,1359,1088,1115]" degrees="0.038" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.038">0.038</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20A0F9F5CC55FFECB449FBF1FA5A1820" box="[1359,1436,1088,1115]" degrees="0.057" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.057">–0.057</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.046 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFECB1C1FB39FCC61948" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FB39FCC61948" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FB39FE8418D8" bold="true" box="[199,322,1160,1187]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Orifice with straight, weakly denticulate proximal margin; small condyles mediad to proximolateral corners of orifice. Modal number of oral spines four or five; spine bases often evident in zooids away from colony margin. Ascopore non-cribriform, without conspicuous umbo; pustulation between ascopore and orifice. Avicularia lateral or proximolateral to ascopore, one per zooid, small relative to orifice size. Non-personate, non-ribbed ooecium retaining pair of spines at proximolateral corners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC55FFEDB1C1FA8DFD1B1D64" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FA8DFCF0192D" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" box="[199,822,1340,1367]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC55FFECB1C1FA8DFE9F192C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1340,1367]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony unilaminar, encrusting, sheet-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1FAD1FB7D1A99" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Zooids irregularly hexagonal, distinct, delineated by groove. Frontal wall markedly convex, with two to five small, inconspicuous areolae along each lateral margin; perforated over entire surface by small pseudopores, except in zone between ascopore and orifice; texture uniformly coarsely pustulose between pores; pustules usually present between ascopore and orifice, sometimes in discrete row. Orifice broader than long, broadly D-shaped, surrounded by low, smooth rim; proximal margin straight or slightly concave between conspicuous triangular condyles; condyles positioned slightly mediad to proximolateral corners of orifice; proximal margin weakly denticulate. Oral spines short, articulated; three (n = 5) or four (n = 27) in colony CT-6; three (n = 1), four (n = 13), five (n = 17), or six (n = 4) in colony CT-41; spines retained even in older parts of colony. Ascopore small, broader than long, encircled by smooth, raised rim, separated from proximal orificial margin by 1–1.5 times height of ascopore plus rim; with small lingula projecting proximally, leaving C-shaped opening; margin of opening finely denticulate all around. Sometimes proximal part of ascopore rim widened and raised as low, smooth tubercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFECB1C1F95CFAC71BED" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">One avicularium per zooid, lateral to ascopore and directed distolaterally or sometimes laterally, or along zooidal margin proximolateral to ascopore, sometimes at lateral corner of zooid or even more proximally, directed distolaterally or laterally. Frontal avicularia moderately small, rostrum raised, sides and edges smooth, crossbar complete, area proximal to crossbar semicircular, mandibular area triangular, slightly longer than broad, guttered distally to allow for setiform mandible; setiform portion of mandible as long as or shorter than triangular rostral portion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC55FFEDB1C1F811FD1B1D64" blockId="26.[151,1437,872,2015]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Ooecium prominent, resting on frontal wall of next-distal zooid, broader than long, closed by operculum, with narrow, smooth, flat zone around proximal margin where operculum meets ooecium; with many small pseudopores around steep periphery, few in central-proximal area; top more finely pustulose than frontal wall, coarsely pustulose around periphery, with some moderately large marginal openings at base around distal margin; ooecium appearing peripherally ribbed at low magnification. Most-proximal pair of spines lateral to orifice retained in ooecium-bearing zooids, abutting proximolateral corners of ooecium.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC54FFEDB1C1FE98FB51199C" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC54FFEDB1C1FE98FD1D1E44" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB1C1FE98FEFD1D38" bold="true" box="[199,315,297,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB043FE98FE1E1D38" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[325,472,297,323]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB043FE98FE1E1D38" box="[325,472,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Microporella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a speciose genus, with roughly 140 mostly Recent species described worldwide, from polar regions to the tropics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB30FFEFCFD4F1D1C" author="Bock, P." box="[521,649,333,359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref27933" refString="Bock, P. (2018) Indexes to bryozoan taxa. Available from: http: // www. bryozoa. net / indexes. html (accessed 15 December 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Bock 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The generic features are rather stereotyped, simplifying identification to genus but complicating identification to species. Until relatively recently, taxonomists viewed the European species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB1CFFE27FE1E1DCB" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[201,472,405,432]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB1CFFE27FEF11DD4" box="[201,311,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB043FE24FE161DCB" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[325,464,405,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref31399" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Speciarum Cognitarum Cuccintas Descriptiones cum Selectis Auctorus Synonymis. Petrum van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having a cosmopolitan distribution that essentially mirrored the range of the genus. While many species worldwide were correctly delineated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB26BFE0BFC1A1DA8" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[877,988,441,467]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB26BFE0BFC1A1DA8" box="[877,988,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of unique apomorphies or combinations of characters, in the older literature many specimens from the tropical Pacific and elsewhere more or less similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB03BFDB3FE6A1E60" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[317,428,513,539]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB03BFDB3FE6A1E60" box="[317,428,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were attributed to that species, without description; for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB590FDB0FA5A1E60" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[1174,1436,513,539]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref28631" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, I-XI + 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu & Bassler (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB1C6FD97FEE81E44" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[192,302,549,575]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB1C6FD97FEE81E44" box="[192,302,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC54FFEDB074FD94FE331E44" box="[370,501,549,575]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC54FFEDB353FD94FD111E44" box="[597,727,549,575]" name="Philippines" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC54FFEDB1C1FDF8FC821F24" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Some of the characters utilized in the taxonomy of this genus are variable rather than discrete. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB478FDFBFE181EFC" authority="Dick & Ross, 1988" authorityName="Dick & Ross" authorityYear="1988" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="germana">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB478FDFBFF3D1EFC" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. germana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB005FDDCFE181EFC" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." box="[259,478,621,647]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref29017" refString="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P. (1988) Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak Vicinity, Alaska. Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Occasional Paper 23. Western Washington University, Bellingham, 133 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dick & Ross, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Kodiak,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="875051D0CC54FFEDB362FDDCFD731EFC" box="[612,693,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, had three to five oral spines, with the modal number four, but at Ketchikan had four to six spines, with the modal number five (Dick
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB28CFD23FC7C1ED0" box="[906,954,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005). Similar interpopulation variation is seen in the frequencies of zooids having single, paired, or no avicularia per zooid, and in the shape of the ascopore (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB1DEFD68FE011E88" author="Harmelin, J. - G. & Ostrovsky, A. N. & Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. & Sanner, J." box="[216,455,729,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref29658" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Ostrovsky, A. N., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. & Sanner, J. (2011) Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2798.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Harmelin
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB04DFD6BFEBB1E88" box="[331,381,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 18, fig. 9). One useful character that distinguishes one large group of species from another is the presence or absence of a personate ooecium (ooecium-bearing zooids have a raised peristomial rim, proximal and lateral to the orifice, that meets the ooecium distally) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB280FC90FBA91F40" author="Harmelin, J. - G. & Ostrovsky, A. N. & Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. & Sanner, J." box="[902,1135,801,827]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref29658" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Ostrovsky, A. N., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. & Sanner, J. (2011) Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2798.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Harmelin
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB2FEFC93FBEE1F40" box="[1016,1064,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB585FC90FAEE1F40" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[1155,1320,801,827]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dentilingua">
|
||
M.
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB5AEFC90FAEE1F40" box="[1192,1320,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">dentilingua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above has a personate ooecium, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB0E8FCF7FD571F24" authority="Dick & Ngai & Doan, 2020" authorityName="Dick & Ngai & Doan" authorityYear="2020" box="[494,657,837,863]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB0E8FCF7FD571F24" box="[494,657,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB39EFCF4FD111F24" bold="true" box="[664,727,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CD3FE5BCC54FFEDB39EFCF4FD111F24" box="[664,727,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
does not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC54FFEDB1C1FCD8FBF91890" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Several similar species in the northwestern Pacific differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB298FCDBFB821FF8" authority="Dick & Ngai & Doan, 2020" authorityName="Dick & Ngai & Doan" authorityYear="2020" box="[926,1092,873,899]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB298FCDBFB821FF8" box="[926,1092,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB548FCD8FB491FF8" bold="true" box="[1102,1167,873,899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CD3FE5BCC54FFEDB548FCD8FB491FF8" box="[1102,1167,873,899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the following ways.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB191FC3CFD6E1FDC" authority="Suwa & Mawatari, 1998" authorityName="Suwa & Mawatari" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,680,909,935]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB191FC3CFE481FDC" box="[151,398,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Microporella formosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB092FC3CFD6E1FDC" author="Suwa, T. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[404,680,909,935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="895 - 922" refId="ref32389" refString="Suwa, T. & Mawatari, S. F. (1998) Revision of seven species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxonomic characters. Journal of Natural History, 32, 895 - 922. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939800770461" type="journal article" year="1998">Suwa & Mawatari, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="875051D0CC54FFEDB3EBFC3CFC981FDC" box="[749,862,909,935]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC54FFEDB26FFC3CFC6A1FDC" box="[873,940,909,935]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has larger avicularia relative to orifice size; the proximal orificial margin is smooth, with the condyles larger and occupying the proximolateral corners of the orifice. The orifice in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB08AFC64FCAF1F94" authority="Liu & Liu, 2001" authorityName="Liu & Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[396,873,981,1007]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="antiborealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB08AFC64FD6A1F94" box="[396,684,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Microporella antiborealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB3B5FC64FCAF1F94" author="Liu, X. & Yin, X. & Ma, J." box="[691,873,981,1007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref30742" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing, 860 pp., 82 pls." type="book" year="2001">Liu & Liu, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB2DFFC64FB491F94" author="Liu, X. & Yin, X. & Ma, J." box="[985,1167,981,1007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref30742" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing, 860 pp., 82 pls." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB500FC67FBF11F94" box="[1030,1079,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as previously described rather than as a new species, but we could find no reference for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB25DFC48FBD81868" author="Liu, X. & Yin, X. & Ma, J." box="[859,1054,1016,1043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" refId="ref30742" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Science Press, Beijing, 860 pp., 82 pls." type="book" year="2001">Liu & Liu (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC54FFEDB56FFC48FB6A1868" box="[1129,1196,1017,1043]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a similarly finely denticulate proximal margin, but has larger avicularia relative to orifice size, a larger ascopore, and modal spine number six, and lacks the pair of lateral oral spines remaining at the proximolateral corners of the ooecium. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB478FBF3FED31804" authority="Dick & Ngai & Doan, 2020" authorityName="Dick & Ngai & Doan" authorityYear="2020" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB478FBF3FED31804" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB01BFBD4FE9B1804" bold="true" box="[285,349,1125,1151]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CD3FE5BCC54FFEDB01BFBD4FE9B1804" box="[285,349,1125,1151]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB06BFBD4FC441804" authority="Suwa & Mawatari, 1998" authorityName="Suwa & Mawatari" authorityYear="1998" box="[365,898,1125,1151]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB06BFBD4FDA51804" box="[365,611,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Microporella borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB36DFBD4FC441804" author="Suwa, T. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[619,898,1125,1151]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="895 - 922" refId="ref32389" refString="Suwa, T. & Mawatari, S. F. (1998) Revision of seven species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxonomic characters. Journal of Natural History, 32, 895 - 922. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939800770461" type="journal article" year="1998">Suwa & Mawatari, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="875051D0CC54FFEDB2CFFBD4FBFC1804" box="[969,1082,1125,1151]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3D83DFA2CC54FFEDB541FBD4FB4C1804" box="[1095,1162,1125,1151]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has a finely denticulate proximal orificial margin, and has four or five oral spines, retaining one pair at the proximolateral corners of the ooecium, but the condyles are larger and in the proximolateral corners of the orifice, the avicularia are much larger relative to orifice size, and there is no pustulation between the ascopore and orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC54FFEDB1C1FB44FB51199C" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Only two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB0DCFB47FDB91974" authorityName="Dick & Ngai & Doan" authorityYear="2020" box="[474,639,1269,1295]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB0DCFB47FDB91974" box="[474,639,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">M. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found; these differed markedly in zooid size, with CT-6 having larger zooids than CT-41. This sort of variation seems to be common in tropical to subtropical cheilostomes, both within and between colonies; a similar case was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8294E4B1CC54FFEDB267FA8CFA5A192C" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2017" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[865,1436,1341,1367]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB267FA8CFBA1192C" box="[865,1127,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Rhynchozoon lunifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB577FA8CFA5A192C" author="Dick, M. H. & Grischenko, A. V." box="[1137,1436,1341,1367]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="141 - 266" refId="ref28853" refString="Dick, M. H. & Grischenko, A. V. (2017) Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan. Journal of Natural History, 51, 141 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1253797" type="journal article" year="2017">Dick & Grischenko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="875051D0CC54FFEDB1B2FAD0FEDB1900" box="[180,285,1377,1403]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
. While some of this variation may be due to differences in temperature at time of growth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB437FAD0FE8419E4" author="O'Dea, A. & Okamura, B." pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="581 - 588" refId="ref31205" refString="O'Dea, A. & Okamura, B. (1999) Influence of seasonal variation in temperature, salinity and food availability on module size and colony growth of the estuarine bryozoan Conopeum seurati. Marine Biology, 135, 581 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270050659" type="journal article" year="1999">O’Dea & Okamura 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2105E2C3CC54FFEDB04BFA34FE4F19E4" author="O'Dea, A. & Okamura, B." box="[333,393,1413,1439]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="319 - 332" refId="ref31261" refString="O'Dea, A. & Okamura, B. (2000) Intracolony variation in zooid size in cheilostome bryozoans as a new technique for investigation palaeoseasonality. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 162, 319 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (00) 00136 - X" type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the degree of variation seems greater than occurs in cold-temperate faunas, and intercolony variation may require additional explanation. In any case, bryozoan taxonomists working in the tropics and subtropics should be aware that zooid size should be treated with caution as a taxonomic character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0D8ECCB9CC54FFEDB1C1FA41FCE11A70" box="[199,807,1520,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="452B9F32CC54FFEDB1C1FA41FCE11A70" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1547]" box="[199,807,1520,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="77E04320CC54FFEDB1C1FA41FEA71A70" bold="true" box="[199,353,1520,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Co To Island is the only known locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |