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<mods:title id="B1CDBE3BC42D94295E86DD9DE16EBFA5">A taxonomic study on Centaurea sect. Rhizocalathium and C. sect. Pseudoseridia (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) in Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D0B560FA530474ED2EE0F538DD6602B1">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="489946D40AA5708F4FB1296B4FE0893A">Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. E-mails: kazem. negaresh @ gmail. com, mrr @ sci. ui. ac. ir Department of Biology, Herbarium division, Bu-Ali Sina University, P. O. Box 65175 / 4161, Hamedan, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="32647557FC841263E3934E84C92CE818">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3BABC72ACBDDCC5A1CE8BBEFE2F3888D">Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. E-mails: kazem. negaresh @ gmail. com, mrr @ sci. ui. ac. ir Department of Biology, Herbarium division, Bu-Ali Sina University, P. O. Box 65175 / 4161, Hamedan, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744367A112FF48F943FCEEC7C4" ID-CoL="8522N" authority="Marschall von Bieberstein (1808: 356)" authorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1808" box="[136,796,1670,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54367A112FF48F943FEADC7C5" bold="true" box="[136,351,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Centaurea stevenii</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744367A112FF48F917FD80C78D" ID-CoL="99MXM" authority="(M. Bieb.) Koch (1851: 437)" authorityName="Koch" authorityPageNumber="437" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="M. Bieb." box="[136,626,1746,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Phaeopappus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54367A112FF48F917FEA8C782" box="[136,346,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Phaeopappus stevenii</emphasis>
(M.Bieb.) 
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. 
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:— 
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s.n.
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Perennial plants with long and thick root, vertical or oblique. Stems usually decumbent (or prostrate), at end ascending, 
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tall, with few short branches, sometimes simple, grayish-green or more or less grayish, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs often mixed with articulate hairs, somewhat stiff or short hairs. Leaves petiolate (or the upper ones subsessile) with narrow base, lyrate to pinnatilobate, with 2–4 pairs of lateral segments or undivided, acute or subacute at apex, often subobtuse; terminal segments very larger, entire, lanceolate or oblanceolate; lateral segments small, oblong-elliptical or ovate-rhombic; loosely covered with arachnoid hairs often mixed with articulate hairs, and covered with sessile punctate glands. Capitula solitary, at tips of stems and lateral branches. Involucres ovoid, 15–20 × 
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, ± densely covered with arachnoid hairs. Phyllaries coriaceous, imbricate dark green or green-yellowish. Outer and median phyllaries broadly ovate; inner phyllaries oblong-lanceolate.Appendages small, coriaceous, brown or pale reddish-brown, usually reflexed, triangular, with (3–)5–7(–9) digitate spinules 
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long, almost equal, innermost membranous, unevenly toothed. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphrodite, ca. 
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long, corolla with orange nerves; peripheral florets finely dissected, not radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear-filiform. Achenes ovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5.0 mm long, 2.0– 
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wide, gray-brown, striate, sparsely hairy; hilum lateral, yellowish, ca. 
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long, glabrous. Pappus whitish, 1–2.5(–4) mm long, inner pappus hairs shorter. Flowering June to July.
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<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54364A111FF48F834FEF1C963" bold="true" box="[136,259,2033,2055]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744364A111FECFF834FE3FC962" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1974" box="[271,461,2033,2055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanensis">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54364A111FECFF834FE3FC962" box="[271,461,2033,2055]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Centaurea vanensis</emphasis>
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(
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54364A111FE1AF837FDA6C963" box="[474,596,2033,2055]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Davis 44632</emphasis>
, E). 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54364A111FD43F834FD66C963" bold="true" box="[643,660,2033,2054]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
. close up of capitulum. 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54364A111FCBCF834FC7EC963" bold="true" box="[892,908,2033,2054]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
. habit.
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<subSubSection id="B4E5657C4365A110FF7DFF58FD45C0F5" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FF7DFF58FD8EC1DD" bold="true" box="[189,636,157,184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744365A110FD58FF5BFC98C1DD" authorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" authorityYear="1808" box="[664,874,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FD58FF5BFC98C1DD" box="[664,874,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Centaurea stevenii</emphasis>
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makes a new record from 
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(
<figureCitation id="64C42A724365A110FB0CFF5BFAEFC1DD" box="[1228,1309,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[263,1334,428,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-140@15.[253,1334,425,1959]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Centaurea stevenii (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 32152, BASU). A. close up of capitulum (focused on digitate spinules). B. close up of capitulum (focused on flowers). C. close up of achene with pappus. D. habit and habitat. E. metaphase plate (2n = 16). Scale A and B = 5 mm, C = 1 mm, D = 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5149960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5149960/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). It is occurs in the clay mountains around Bazargan of 
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, at elevations of 
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(
<figureCitation id="64C42A724365A110FB29FF07FADFC1B9" box="[1257,1325,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,312,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-102@4.[151,1436,302,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of C. rhizantha (1), C. vanensis (2), C. lasiorhiza (3), C. ispahanica subsp. ispahanica (4), C. ispahanica subsp. sirjanensis (5), and C. stevenii (6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5149942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5149942/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The main distribution area of 
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<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FEA2FF23FE2AC065" box="[354,472,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">C. stevenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies in E 
<collectingCountry id="84E876674365A110FDFEFF23FD7CC065" box="[574,654,230,256]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(?), 
<collectingCountry id="84E876674365A110FD7EFF23FCD2C065" box="[702,800,230,256]" name="Armenia" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Armenia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="84E876674365A110FC95FF23FC5DC065" box="[853,943,230,256]" name="Georgia" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="64C42A724365A110FC7EFF23FBF3C065" box="[958,1025,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,312,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-102@4.[151,1436,302,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of C. rhizantha (1), C. vanensis (2), C. lasiorhiza (3), C. ispahanica subsp. ispahanica (4), C. ispahanica subsp. sirjanensis (5), and C. stevenii (6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5149942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5149942/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The species is relatively far from the main distribution area of other species of 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FD9AFECFFD9FC041" box="[602,621,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
. sect. 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FD74FECFFCA6C041" box="[692,852,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Pseudoseridia</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC4036F74365A110FF7DFEE8FD45C0F5" blockId="15.[136,1452,157,400]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FF7DFEE8FE29C02D" bold="true" box="[189,475,301,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744365A110FE37FEEBFD3CC02D" authorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" authorityYear="1808" box="[503,718,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FE37FEEBFD3CC02D" box="[503,718,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Centaurea stevenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a diploid species with the chromosome number of 2 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FA9DFEEAFA99C02D" box="[1373,1387,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
= 2 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FA5FFEEAFA59C02D" box="[1439,1451,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">x</emphasis>
= 16 (
<figureCitation id="64C42A724365A110FF10FE97FEC4C009" box="[208,310,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[263,1334,428,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-140@15.[253,1334,425,1959]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Centaurea stevenii (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 32152, BASU). A. close up of capitulum (focused on digitate spinules). B. close up of capitulum (focused on flowers). C. close up of achene with pappus. D. habit and habitat. E. metaphase plate (2n = 16). Scale A and B = 5 mm, C = 1 mm, D = 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5149960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5149960/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="B17D034C4365A110FE85FE97FE68C009" box="[325,410,338,364]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1857,1881]" captionText="TABLE 1. The karyotyped Centaurea taxa, and their diploid chromosome numbers and localities." pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Our results agree with the report by 
<bibRefCitation id="986E4B064365A110FCA0FE97FB6BC009" author="Poddubnaja-Arnoldi, W." box="[864,1177,338,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" pagination="141 - 237" refId="ref9624" refString="Poddubnaja-Arnoldi, W. (1931) Ein Versuch der Anwendung der embryologischen Methode bei der Losung einiger systematischer Fragen. I. Vergleichend embryologisch-zytologische Untersuchungen uber die Gruppe Cynareae, Fam. Compositae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 48: 141 - 237." type="journal article" year="1931">Poddubnaja-Arnoldi (1931)</bibRefCitation>
who reported the same chromosome number 2 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FE4AFEB2FE6AC0F5" box="[394,408,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
= 2 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FE04FEB2FE22C0F5" box="[452,464,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">x</emphasis>
= 16 for 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FDF9FEB3FD45C0F5" box="[569,695,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744365A110FDF9FEB3FD41C0F5" authorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" authorityYear="1808" box="[569,691,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">C. stevenii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A880667F4365A110FF48F805FE36C97B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5149960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5149960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5149960/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" startId="15.[136,229,1984,2006]" targetBox="[263,1334,428,1950]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="FC4036F74365A110FF48F805FE36C97B" blockId="15.[136,1452,1984,2078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FF48F805FEF1C6B0" bold="true" box="[136,259,1984,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744365A110FECFF804FE31C6B3" authorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" authorityYear="1808" box="[271,451,1985,2006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stevenii">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FECFF804FE31C6B3" box="[271,451,1985,2006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">Centaurea stevenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FE12F805FD2CC6B3" box="[466,734,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">
Ranjbar &amp; 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D744365A110FD80F805FD69C6B0" authority="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar, 2014" authorityName="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar" authorityYear="2014" box="[576,667,1984,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" rank="subSpecies" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="negaresh">Negaresh</taxonomicName>
32152
</emphasis>
, BASU). 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FCFFF805FCA2C6B0" bold="true" box="[831,848,1984,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
. close up of capitulum (focused on digitate spinules). 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FA9DF804FA9FC6B3" bold="true" box="[1373,1389,1985,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
. close up of capitulum (focused on flowers). 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FE38F821FDFBC69F" bold="true" box="[504,521,2020,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
. close up of achene with pappus. 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FC8EF820FCADC69F" bold="true" box="[846,863,2021,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
. habit and habitat. 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FBD7F820FBD5C69F" bold="true" box="[1047,1063,2021,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
. metaphase plate (2 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FB26F820FB00C69F" box="[1254,1266,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
= 16). Scale 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FAB1F821FA70C69C" bold="true" box="[1393,1410,2020,2041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FF48F7CCFF6AC97B" bold="true" box="[136,152,2057,2078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
= 5 mm, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FF35F7CDFEF4C97B" bold="true" box="[245,262,2056,2078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
= 1 mm, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE54365A110FEA3F7CCFE86C97B" bold="true" box="[355,372,2057,2078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
= 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B4E5657C437AA10FFF7DFF58FA80C02D" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC4036F7437AA10FFF7DFF58FA80C02D" blockId="16.[136,1452,157,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFF7DFF58FDD4C1D2" bold="true" box="[189,550,157,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Selected specimens examined:</emphasis>
— 
<collectingCountry id="84E87667437AA10FFD84FF5BFD79C1DD" box="[580,651,158,184]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="3E3BF815437AA10FFD18FF5BFC67C1DD" box="[728,917,158,184]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">West Azerbaijan</collectingRegion>
: mountains around Bazargan, 
<quantity id="3B079B12437AA10FFB2EFF5BFAB4C1DD" box="[1262,1350,158,185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.415" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1415.0">1415 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="88411037437AA10FFA94FF5BFF30C1B9" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" value="2011-05-22">22 May 2011</date>
, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFF0DFF07FDF6C1B9" box="[205,516,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
Ranjbar &amp; 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D74437AA10FFE8DFF07FE45C1B9" authority="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar, 2014" authorityName="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar" authorityYear="2014" box="[333,439,194,220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" rank="subSpecies" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="negaresh">Negaresh</taxonomicName>
25787
</emphasis>
(BASU!); Bazargan, 
<quantity id="3B079B12437AA10FFD38FF07FCBDC1B9" box="[760,847,194,220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1860.0">1860 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="88411037437AA10FFC9BFF07FC06C1B9" box="[859,1012,194,220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" value="2012-06-24">24 June 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFC3FFF07FAC4C1B9" box="[1023,1334,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
Ranjbar &amp; 
<taxonomicName id="3BFF4D74437AA10FFBBEFF07FB1AC1B9" authority="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar, 2014" authorityName="Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad &amp; Ranjbar" authorityYear="2014" box="[1150,1256,194,220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" rank="subSpecies" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="negaresh">Negaresh</taxonomicName>
32152
</emphasis>
(BASU!); Maqoo, Ghara Ziaheddin toward Siah Cheshme, 
<quantity id="3B079B12437AA10FFD01FF23FCF9C065" box="[705,779,230,256]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
to Siah Cheshme, 
<quantity id="3B079B12437AA10FFC2AFF23FBB7C065" box="[1002,1093,230,257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1570.0">1570 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="88411037437AA10FFB94FF23FB1CC065" box="[1108,1262,230,256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" value="2003-07-10">10 July 2003</date>
, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFB3CFF23FECFC041" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Rahiminejad &amp; Dehghan 15247</emphasis>
(HUI!). 
<collectingCountry id="84E87667437AA10FFE64FECFFDD4C041" box="[420,550,266,292]" name="Georgia" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="3E3BF815437AA10FFDB4FECFFD41C041" box="[628,691,266,292]" country="Georgia" name="Tbilisi" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Tiflis</collectingRegion>
, Dushet, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFCDEFECFFC34C041" box="[798,966,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Grossheim s.n.</emphasis>
(B!). 
<collectingCountry id="84E87667437AA10FFBCBFECFFB63C041" box="[1035,1169,266,292]" name="Armenia" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">ARMENIA</collectingCountry>
. Ani, inter stationes viae ferreae Ani et Bagravan, in declivibus stepposis lapidosis, 
<quantity id="3B079B12437AA10FFCD7FEEBFC9CC02D" box="[791,878,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="88411037437AA10FFCBAFEEBFC0DC02D" box="[890,1023,302,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" value="1960-07-05">5 July 1960</date>
, 
<emphasis id="CE8BEAE5437AA10FFBCAFEEBFAC6C02D" box="[1034,1332,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Czerepanov &amp; Tzvelev s.n.</emphasis>
(B!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>