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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47d621e3-3617-4b65-bdeb-9b46125dbd68" ID-PMC="PMC7769898" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1006-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" ID-PubMed="33442318" ID-ZooBank="5823BFE656FE419EBA575A95D2A3DC5D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1006-1" checkinTime="1608594948932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yonow, Nathalie" docDate="2020" docId="41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1006: 1-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1006" docPubDate="2020-12-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" docTitle="Phyllidia schupporum Fahrner &amp; Schroedl 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" masterDocTitle="Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150797233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yonow, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA 2 8 PP, Wales, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">n.yonow@swansea.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-12-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1006</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>34</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1006-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5823BFE656FE419EBA575A95D2A3DC5D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176232871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="41FDA3B1-CD16-5A9E-99E5-51C773AA8A4C" authority="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl, 2000" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
Phyllidia schupporum Fahrner &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
, 2000
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 9-14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">; Figures 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllidia schupporum, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">Phyllidia schupporum</taxonomicName>
Fahrner &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
, 2000b: 5-60, figs 1-4 (Dahab, Gulf of Eilat);
<bibRefCitation author="Debelius, H" journalOrPublisher="IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Debelius, H, Kuiter, RH, 2007. Nudibranchs of the world. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt" title="Nudibranchs of the world." year="2007">Debelius and Kuiter 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 267;
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 217, three figs incl. ventral anterior of holotype;
<bibRefCitation author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Gosliner, TM, Behrens, DW, Valdes, A, 2008. Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" title="Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna." year="2008">Gosliner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 289.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="Fryeria">Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
: -
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" author="Nithyanandan, M" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B22" refString="Nithyanandan, M, 2012. New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Marine Biodiversity Records 5: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" title="New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" volume="5" year="2012">Nithyanandan 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 4, fig. 6 (Kuwait). non
<taxonomicName family="Phyllidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1869).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Egypt</emphasis>
- Hurghada,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010, one specimen 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
21 mm pres., alcohol, 14 m depth, leg. and photographs S. Kahlbrock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="photographic records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Photographic records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Egypt</emphasis>
- Caves, Ras Umm Sid,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 19 Nov 2007, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer; El Quseir, 2007, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer; Dahab, 2008, two individuals together, photographs H. Blatterer;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Mahmoud/Beacon Rock, Dahab, 5 May 2010, 8 June 2010, 15 Apr 2012, photographs S. Kahlbrock; Hurghada, 14 May 2012, photograph of one individual, S. Kahlbrock; &quot;SS Thistlegorm,&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 9 Oct 2012, 17 m depth, photograph S. Kahlbrock; House Reef of Rima Life Resort, Makadi Bay, 9 August 2014, 8 m depth, one individual ~ 30 mm, photograph Hsini Lin; Dahab, 19 July 2015, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Israel</emphasis>
- Eilat. 16 Apr 2008, photographs of one individual, B. and S. Koretz (also published in
<bibRefCitation author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Gosliner, TM, Behrens, DW, Valdes, A, 2008. Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" title="Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna." year="2008">Gosliner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 289); 4 September 2015, photographs of one individual, R. Amar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The single large (32 mm) preserved specimen is mostly black, which forms deep scallops around the mantle sides with three elongations on the left and four irregular ones on the right, almost reaching the mantle margin, and a small one on the posterior margin (Plate
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
). These semi-circular areas formed by the black scalloped pattern are white but contain some black patches and bright yellow tips on both the large and small tubercles. The white areas are almost translucent and full of white granules; even the tiniest tubercles have granulated white pigmentation. The large tubercles in each area are white, topped with yellow, and the bases of the pigmented tubercles are more opaque white as well as more granular than the others, which makes them appear ocellated (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
). These white semi-circles are pustulate, as are the yellow parts of the largest tubercles in these areas and elsewhere on the dorsum. There is no coloured edge remaining on the margin in this specimen, but all photographs of living animals show orange spots and/or lines on the mantle margin (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9-14</figureCitation>
) and three display almost complete yellow margins (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12-14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plates 9–14" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 9-14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen and individuals illustrating variations
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</emphasis>
dorsal view of living specimen,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</emphasis>
Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Mahmoud/Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</emphasis>
Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
with head to the left)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
ventral view of holotype (M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
oral tentacles,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘lips’">'lips'</normalizedToken>
and anterior foot margin of specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The central black area in life bears a few barely discernible pustules, visible only at great magnification. The four large central tubercles are pustulose and irregular. There is one large tubercle just behind the rhinophores followed by two more. These three tubercles are the largest and rugose, with the basal pustules faintly tipped in yellow pigment which deepens towards tips. The white anal papilla is located just behind the third dorsal tubercle and located in a white area; the anal opening is surrounded by tiny black spots. There is one smaller white and yellow pustulose tubercle behind the anal papilla (far right on Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
). The deep yellow rhinophores are almost parallel sided with a short tip (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
). They are each set in a tapering white patch with a yellow rhino-tubercle just behind and slightly displaced laterally. The rhinophores have 16-20 lamellae (counted from photographs).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The preserved specimen is black and white (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
). Both the black and white areas are pimpled with small pustules, which are more obvious on the white areas. The tubercles are very unusual for species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1797" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in preservative resemble the tubercles of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrodoris tuberculosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrodoris tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832). They are composed of ridges and incomplete rings of smaller pustules, some even tipped with yellow pigment, and very clearly visible in a large living animal (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
). The rhinophores are retracted and the anus is a puckered hole placed after the third tubercle and clearly visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ventrally, the spicules of the hyponotum are arranged in a distinctly hatched pattern, and the black pigment shows through from the dorsal side, darkest around the margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C-E</figureCitation>
). The gill leaflets are grey. The uniformly grey foot sole is oval with no black midline and notched anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7D, E</figureCitation>
) in the preserved specimen but not in the living specimen (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
). The anterior margin is rounded, the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘lips’">'lips'</normalizedToken>
are prominent, and the retracted oral tentacles are conical structures with an obvious deep groove on each side, similar to those depicted in the photograph of the living holotype (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
, courtesy of M
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A dorsal incision to remove the very thick notum revealed a digestive system (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllidia schupporum, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
) similar of that of other species of the genus excluding the
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrodoris multituberculata" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="multituberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrodoris multituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boettger, 1918 complex [e.g.,
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. varicosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="varicosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. varicosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. alyta" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alyta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. alyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Yonow, 1996: figs 7-9),
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coelestis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="coelestis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coelestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bergh, 1905 (
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="905 - 956" publicationUrl="http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" refId="B37" refString="Yonow, N, 2011. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 15. The suborder Doridina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 85: 905 - 956, http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 15. The suborder Doridina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)." url="http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" volume="85" year="2011">Yonow 2011</bibRefCitation>
: figs 14, 15),
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. koehleri" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. koehleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Perrone, 2000 (
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 129" publicationUrl="http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" refId="B38" refString="Yonow, N, 2012. Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean localities, with descriptions of two new species and eleven new records (Mollusca: Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1 - 129, http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" title="Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean localities, with descriptions of two new species and eleven new records (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" volume="197" year="2012">Yonow 2012</bibRefCitation>
: fig 19)] and matches the drawing by
<bibRefCitation author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2). The pharyngeal bulb is creamy yellow and bears an upside-down U-shaped concavity on the dorso-posterior side; this is where the retractor muscles attachments and the small pharynx originate. The creamy-white blood gland lies in or over this concavity. The bursa copulatrix (left sphere) is a solid yellowish colour.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The external details of this specimen described in this work clearly fit those given for the holotype by
<bibRefCitation author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
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(2000b)
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despite the preponderance of black and the lack of orange- or yellow-tipped oral tentacles: as no orange/yellow pigment remains on the dorsum of the preserved specimen it is not surprising that the oral tentacles have lost their pigmentation. The species is distinctive, recognised in
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow (2008)</bibRefCitation>
from photographs (see also references listed in the synonymy). Whilst this specimen is much darker than both the holotype and the available photographs, it does bear the diagnostic characters of three large, tall, spiculose, and pustulose orange/yellow-tipped tubercles along the dorsal midline, the presences of a smaller one posterior to the anus, two longitudinal black lines with at least one transverse band, an anterior black Y-shaped mark originating between the rhinophores and extending to the anterior margin, three or four white semi-circular areas on the margin on each side, orange/yellow rhinophores, and no black line on the sole of the foot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The individuals photographed (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
) are most similar to the holotype, but the black markings are thinner. In four individuals, there are three complete transverse lines (Plates
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
) which match the incomplete bands of the holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Internally, the digestive system is as described and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2, 3) but it no longer retains any bright orange-red colour that they described in the freshly collected animal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
One additional character for
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
observed from this material should be added to its diagnosis: there is an orange or yellow border present on the mantle margin which is usually very patchy: it can be almost absent or almost entire with only small breaks. It is in fact present as one patch on the coloured illustration of the holotype (
<bibRefCitation author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1) just
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘above’">'above'</normalizedToken>
the tip of the right rhinophore. Of the records presented here, all images examined at high magnification also show at least small marginal patches of orange or yellow. Therefore, all records of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="Fryeria">Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1869) from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman must now be re-examined considering this new observation. The illustrated individual from Kuwait (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" author="Nithyanandan, M" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B22" refString="Nithyanandan, M, 2012. New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Marine Biodiversity Records 5: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" title="New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" volume="5" year="2012">Nithyanandan 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 5, fig. 6) clearly belongs to
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not to
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
due to the three high spiculose and tuberculate central tubercles and the dorsal black pattern, indicating that
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may not be endemic to the Red Sea. Individuals depicted in several photographs examined from the United Arab Emirates can be attributed to
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Carole Harris, Sydney, Australia, pers. comm.). There are transverse bands present in some of her images and there are extensions to the sides forming white semi-circular areas as in
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
. Apart from
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
, there are no other species in the Red Sea which have an orange or yellow margin; however, the black pattern is different in the two species.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (F.) rueppelii" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">Phyllidia (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
has three rows of central tubercles with a more linear black pattern, and it has a ventral anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The individuals and holotype with less black are similar to the Indo-West Pacific
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brunckhorst" authorityYear="1993" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brunckhorst, 1993, also noted by
<bibRefCitation author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b)
</bibRefCitation>
but the Red Sea
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs externally, having only two (instead of three or four) curved black longitudinal lines extending from the fronto-lateral mantle margins to the posterio-lateral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar with its light and dark variations to the images of a species identified as
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Hawaii, which is probably a new species (
<bibRefCitation author="Pittman, C" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" refId="B24" refString="Pittman, C, Fiene, P, 1999. Phyllidiaexquisita Brunckhorst, 1993. http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" title="Phyllidiaexquisita Brunckhorst, 1993." url="http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" year="1999">Pittman and Fiene 1999</bibRefCitation>
). It is remotely possible that the Red Sea species and the Hawaiian ones are the same, as they resemble each other externally including the very dark variants. However, given their very disjunct localities and that both regions have high levels of endemism, the same identity is unlikely but further collections will eventually resolve this issue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare species in the Red Sea, with only two known specimens and several photographed individuals in the last forty years. It was not present in the more recent collections in the southern half of the Red Sea (e.g., Sanganeb 1991 by T. Paulus; Farasan banks 2017 by KAUST) but was recorded as early as the 1980s (single photograph by Pam Kemp in
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow (2008)</bibRefCitation>
from the Jeddah area, central Red Sea). There are photographs on the internet from the northern Red Sea which have been variously identified as
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. rueppelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. rueppelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exquisita">P. cf. exquisita</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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