333 lines
32 KiB
XML
333 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1145-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" ID-ZooBank="830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1145-1" checkinTime="1675506069289" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hedin, Marshal & Milne, Marc A." docDate="2023" docId="003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1145: 1-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1145" docPubDate="2023-02-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" docTitle="Nesticus stupkai Gertsch 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" masterDocTitle="New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1675506069289" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mhedin@sdsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Milne, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-0161</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>130</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1145-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="478Z9" ID-ENA="60739" LSID="003F02A4-CD81-5C15-A6E9-C578CB406311" authority="Gertsch, 1984" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">Nesticus stupkai Gertsch, 1984</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Nesticus stupkai genitalia. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, NE of Townsend, MCH specimen # 1555, ♂ palp, ventral (A), dorsal (B) C Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, holotype ♂ palp, ventral. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, MCH specimen # 1567, epigynum, ventral (D), dorsal (E). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Little River at Mile 40 of Hwy 73, MCH specimen # 1305, epigynum, ventral (F), dorsal (G). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, MCH specimen # 1304, epigynum, ventral (H), dorsal (I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 62A-I</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">Nesticus stupkai</taxonomicName>
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Gertsch, 1984: 31, figs 71-74, 106-108;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reeves, WK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="334 - 343" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" refId="B50" refString="Reeves, WK, 2000. Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 116 (4): 334 - 343, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" title="Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" volume="116" year="2000">Reeves 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 338.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Type material:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1937-07-21" collectingDateMax="2014-08-30" collectingDateMin="1937-07-21" collectorName="A. Stupka, New, Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, Blowhole, M. Hedin, Non, Cave, NE, Hwy, S. O'Kane, Mile, M. L. Niemiller, C. D. R. Stephen, E. T. Carter" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" location="Great Smoky Mountains National Park" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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-
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Tennessee">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCounty>Blount Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>White Oak Sinks</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:AB647984F3B40ABD0F0FEF03DB83E476" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Great Smoky Mountains National Park" stateProvince="Tennessee">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</location>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1937-07-21">21 Jul. 1937</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>A. Stupka</collectorName>
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leg; AMNH;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>New</collectorName>
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collections from near type locality
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</emphasis>
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: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:A3B38CB2BDB7D4C7E6DAB0ADBC507EBD" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Blount Co." stateProvince="Tennessee">Blount Co.</location>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectorName>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:7395D5D95894F133F9CFDA039F7EFAD1" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Great Smoky Mountains" stateProvince="Tennessee">Great Smoky Mountains</location>
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NP
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>White Oak Sinks</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>Blowhole</collectorName>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1992-08-21">21 Aug. 1992</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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leg.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>Non</collectorName>
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type material
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</emphasis>
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: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:259C461BA40EF251DC0A5F7456BB2B8D" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Blount Co." stateProvince="Tennessee">Blount Co.</location>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:AFCE52E489177FC34ED311F58224736A" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Blowing Cave" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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Blowing
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<collectorName>Cave, NE</collectorName>
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</location>
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Townsend, off
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<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
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321;
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<collectingDate value="1992-09-22">22 Sep. 1992</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>
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S.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Kane">O'Kane</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.; •
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectorName>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:CD01BABF61D1E3A33C002A2A714C02B9" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Great Smoky Mountains" stateProvince="Tennessee">Great Smoky Mountains</location>
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NP
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</collectorName>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:E24174E2D0545AD1E7A02E8DFE605742" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Little River" stateProvince="Tennessee">Little River</location>
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at
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<collectorName>Mile</collectorName>
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40 of
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<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
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73;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.6688" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.6688">35.6688°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6827" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6827">83.6827°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1992-08-22">22 Aug. 1992</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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leg.; -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:677844D758ADEF3345081E5CD0CC9B8F" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Loudon Co." stateProvince="Tennessee">Loudon Co.</location>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
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, 16 imm;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003F02A4CD815C15A6E9C578CB406311:58EFFCF56AB9B6030EA8304A10DC8B4D" country="USA" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.6688" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6827" municipality="White Oak Sinks" name="Benjos Cave" stateProvince="Tennessee">Benjos Cave</location>
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, TLN11;
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<collectingDate value="2014-08-30">30 Aug. 2014</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M.L. Niemiller</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>C.D.R. Stephen</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>E.T. Carter</collectorName>
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leg.; MLN 14-044.17.
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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See Diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus bishopi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus bishopi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for details on shared male morphology. Females are likewise similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. bishopi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. bishopi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with a narrowing median septum with posterior bars that form an anchor shape, directed upwards and outwards, spermathecae lying lateral to these bars at approximately the same angle (compare Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Nesticus bishopi epigynal variation. North Carolina, Macon Co., below Glenn Falls, MCH specimen # 1071, ventral (A), dorsal (B). Georgia, Rabun Co., Chattooga River at confluence with Pole Creek, MCH 02 _ 181, ventral (C), dorsal (D). North Carolina, Macon Co., along Black Creek, MCH 02 _ 141, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Jackson Co., along Chattooga River, between Scotsman and Glade Creek, MCH specimen # 2016, ventral (G), dorsal (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804512" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61A-H</figureCitation>
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. to Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Nesticus stupkai genitalia. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, NE of Townsend, MCH specimen # 1555, ♂ palp, ventral (A), dorsal (B) C Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, holotype ♂ palp, ventral. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, MCH specimen # 1567, epigynum, ventral (D), dorsal (E). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Little River at Mile 40 of Hwy 73, MCH specimen # 1305, epigynum, ventral (F), dorsal (G). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, MCH specimen # 1304, epigynum, ventral (H), dorsal (I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62D-I</figureCitation>
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). Without knowledge of geographic origin, we cannot distinguish epigynal morphologies of these two species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus stupkai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. bishopi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. bishopi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the closely related
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. reclusus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reclusus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. reclusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the outwards oriented dorsal epigynal plates in the former (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Nesticus bishopi epigynal variation. North Carolina, Macon Co., below Glenn Falls, MCH specimen # 1071, ventral (A), dorsal (B). Georgia, Rabun Co., Chattooga River at confluence with Pole Creek, MCH 02 _ 181, ventral (C), dorsal (D). North Carolina, Macon Co., along Black Creek, MCH 02 _ 141, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Jackson Co., along Chattooga River, between Scotsman and Glade Creek, MCH specimen # 2016, ventral (G), dorsal (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804512" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61A-H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Nesticus stupkai genitalia. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, NE of Townsend, MCH specimen # 1555, ♂ palp, ventral (A), dorsal (B) C Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, holotype ♂ palp, ventral. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, MCH specimen # 1567, epigynum, ventral (D), dorsal (E). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Little River at Mile 40 of Hwy 73, MCH specimen # 1305, epigynum, ventral (F), dorsal (G). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, MCH specimen # 1304, epigynum, ventral (H), dorsal (I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62D-I</figureCitation>
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), vs. the inwards oriented dorsal epigynal plates in the latter (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. northeastern Nesticus reclusus epigynal variation. North Carolina, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, south of Clingman's Dome, vicinity Forney Ridge parking area, MCH specimen # 1973, ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, N of Smokemont Campground turnoff, MCH specimen # N 1019, ventral (C), dorsal (D). North Carolina, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Noland Creek at Laurel Branch, MCH specimen # N 1051, ventral (E), dorsal (F). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804516" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">65A-F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Males and females from different populations share very similar genitalic morphologies (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Nesticus stupkai genitalia. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, NE of Townsend, MCH specimen # 1555, ♂ palp, ventral (A), dorsal (B) C Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, holotype ♂ palp, ventral. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, MCH specimen # 1567, epigynum, ventral (D), dorsal (E). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Little River at Mile 40 of Hwy 73, MCH specimen # 1305, epigynum, ventral (F), dorsal (G). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, MCH specimen # 1304, epigynum, ventral (H), dorsal (I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
With a distribution similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus barrowsi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrowsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus barrowsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from cave entrances in karst windows along the northwestern edge of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. A distribution of Nesticus reclusus group species B distribution of Nesticus jonesi. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions. The geographic distribution of " N. cooperi - like " populations is circled; this includes some female-only locations which are inside this distribution and included here only for purposes of graphical convenience." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804504" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53</figureCitation>
|
||
), and nearby surface (boulderfield) habitats. We include a new important western record from Benjos Cave, southwest of Knoxville in the Tennessee River Valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">As an example of natural history, specimens from Blowing Cave were collected from a cave entrance, while those from Little River were collected from beneath rockpiles directly adjacent to a stream.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reeves, WK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="334 - 343" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" refId="B50" refString="Reeves, WK, 2000. Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 116 (4): 334 - 343, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" title="Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" volume="116" year="2000">Reeves (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. barrowsi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrowsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. barrowsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at two cave locations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and we collected this taxon pair in near sympatry in the White Oak Sinks, with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. barrowsi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrowsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. barrowsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the dark zone of caves, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found closer to cave entrances (twilight zone).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reeves, WK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="334 - 343" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" refId="B50" refString="Reeves, WK, 2000. Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 116 (4): 334 - 343, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" title="Invertebrate cavernicoles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24335885" volume="116" year="2000">Reeves (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Myhr Cave. We have confirmed male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. reclusus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reclusus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. reclusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from this location (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. northeastern Nesticus reclusus ♂ palps, ventral view (* except for G) A Tennessee, Sevier Co., Wear Cove, Myhr Cave, MCH 01 _ 182 (* right palp, inverted in Photoshop) B Tennessee, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Lower Baskins Creek C Tennessee, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Hwy 441, N of Newfound Gap D Tennessee, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Elkmont Area, MCH 00 _ 144 E North Carolina, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, south of Clingman's Dome, near Forney Ridge parking area F North Carolina, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Andrew's Bald (male holotype, AMNH) G North Carolina, Swain Co., Cheoah Dam along Cheoah Reservoir (MCH 07 _ 116), dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804514" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">63A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is either a case of sympatry or an original misidentification, as females of these species can be difficult to distinguish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus bishopi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus bishopi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together form a strongly supported nuclear clade (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. UCE concatenated maximum likelihood tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Node numbers correspond to bootstrap (bold text) / gCF / sCF. Only bootstrap values below 100 shown, all others 100. gCF and sCF values rounded to nearest integer; sCF values below 38 highlighted with red text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. UCE ASTRAL species tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Included are quartet support values (rounded to nearest integer), and local posterior probability values (if less than 1.0, red text). Branch lengths in coalescent units for internal branches only, terminal branch lengths arbitrary. Internal branch to Nesticus cressleri truncated for graphical purposes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within this clade however
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic on UCE trees, with the White Oak Sinks (type) population strongly supported as more closely related to a geographically distant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. bishopi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. bishopi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade than to the geographically adjacent Little River plus Blowing Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. UCE concatenated maximum likelihood tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Node numbers correspond to bootstrap (bold text) / gCF / sCF. Only bootstrap values below 100 shown, all others 100. gCF and sCF values rounded to nearest integer; sCF values below 38 highlighted with red text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. UCE ASTRAL species tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Included are quartet support values (rounded to nearest integer), and local posterior probability values (if less than 1.0, red text). Branch lengths in coalescent units for internal branches only, terminal branch lengths arbitrary. Internal branch to Nesticus cressleri truncated for graphical purposes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
One possibility is that the latter clade (Little River, Blowing Cave) is not
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a separate lineage. We have closely compared males and females from the White Oak Sinks (type) population to males and females from Blowing Cave and detect no morphological differences (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Nesticus stupkai genitalia. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, NE of Townsend, MCH specimen # 1555, ♂ palp, ventral (A), dorsal (B) C Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, holotype ♂ palp, ventral. Tennessee, Blount Co., Blowing Cave, MCH specimen # 1567, epigynum, ventral (D), dorsal (E). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, Little River at Mile 40 of Hwy 73, MCH specimen # 1305, epigynum, ventral (F), dorsal (G). Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains NP, White Oak Sinks, MCH specimen # 1304, epigynum, ventral (H), dorsal (I). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite paraphyly, and as an expectation to the species criteria used in this revision, we retain
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. stupkai" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupkai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. stupkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |