228 lines
31 KiB
XML
228 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="8C5F2F377D563EA5C79D4BD82A5CB968" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174702" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c962198-5485-47c6-8afa-ecf944a4826b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174702" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459787558486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Achatz, Johannes G. & Hooge, Matthew D." docDate="2006" docId="03E587C2F126FFF2FE96FEDA60553B08" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01362p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heterochaerus australis Haswell 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFDCFFBAF12DFFFCFF9EFFBB611F3A56" masterDocTitle="Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698218790042" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F2FCC1A47FB7A2B8D146E0EB998E2FC7">Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47A0BC9C1492C154C9C3FA065E231DAA">Achatz, Johannes G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A328C6A58B3113F3C387D3718485B40">Hooge, Matthew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C5C05E62DDD7F957771146B0644B6163">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EA2F45044BC4D8E6334976759C29F922">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="5085DFDD5CFB6EC5FCDF5D7E97B447EB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="034DFCFE364263BC9DF1E212973A451F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587C2F126FFF2FE96FEDA60553B08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119349512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587C2F126FFF2FE96FEDA60553B08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587C2F126FFF2FE96FEDA60553B08" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF126FFF7FE96FEDA60973BC8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FE96FEDA63C03B2D" blockId="11.[264,735,353,414]" box="[264,735,353,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0BB81B8F126FFF7FE96FEDA63C03B2D" bold="true" box="[264,735,353,379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F126FFF7FE96FEDA63C03B2D" ID-CoL="3L84D" authority="Haswell, 1905" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1905" box="[264,735,353,379]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FE96FEDA63C03B2D" bold="true" box="[264,735,353,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FE96FEDA63353B2D" bold="true" box="[264,554,353,379]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heterochaerus australis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F126FFF7FDACFEDA63C03B2D" author="Haswell" box="[562,735,353,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1905) Studies on the Turbellaria, Part I. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 49, 425 - 467." type="journal article" year="1905">Haswell, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FE96FE3F60973BC8" blockId="11.[264,735,353,414]" box="[264,392,388,414]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F126FFF7FE8FFE3F609F3BC8" box="[273,384,388,414]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionStartId-1="13.[264,367,894,918]" captionTargetBox-0="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetBox-1="[281,1305,326,870]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[281,1306,326,870]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Heterochaerus australis; reconstruction to show arrangement of male and female copulatory organs." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174709/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF126FFF7FE96FE6860683888" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FE96FE68655B3868" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FE96FE6860633BBB" bold="true" box="[264,380,467,493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material.</emphasis>
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3ZooEVV 4650 and 3ZooEVV 4651, two sets of 1.5-µm-thick serial sagittal sections, living specimens in squeeze preparations, two partial sets of serial histological sections, and 14 whole-mount specimens for fluorescence microscopy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FDF060683888" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FEA6FDF063393833" bold="true" box="[312,550,587,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Collection Locality.</emphasis>
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Maruhubi Beach,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F126FFF7FD63FDF7627A3830" box="[765,869,588,614]" name="Tanzania" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F126FFF7FCEFFDF762C73830" box="[881,984,588,614]" name="Tanzania" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F126FFF7FC76FDF765723830" box="[1000,1133,588,614]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-6.144361">6°8'39.7'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F126FFF7FBE4FDF764023830" box="[1146,1309,588,614]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="39.208168">39°12'29.4'' E</geoCoordinate>
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). Samples of green-colored sand were taken in high intertidal zone of a sandflat from small pools of water with many small black snails. Thousands of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F126FFF7FC47FD27657A38E3" box="[985,1125,668,693]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FC47FD27657A38E3" box="[985,1125,668,693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurred in this sediment.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF126FFF1FEA6FD5764343F4F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FD57631C39A0" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F126FFF7FEA6FD5760CF3950" bold="true" box="[312,464,748,774]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
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Mature animals are up to
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<quantity id="4CB49B31F126FFF7FC82FD57627B3950" box="[796,868,748,774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CB49B31F126FFF7FC28FD57650B3950" box="[950,1044,748,774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide, and their lateral margins are not enfolded. The coloration is variable (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F126FFF7FCECFCAF62DC3978" box="[882,963,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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A–C). Animals typically move with cilia, but also flap their lateral edges when swimming. Cilia, ~8 µm long, occur on the entire body surface but are absent between the male gonopore and female gonopore. The epidermal nuclei are not sunken beneath the body-wall muscles. The body-wall musculature consists of outer circular muscles, longitudinal cross-over muscles, and longitudinal muscles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FBBF65973F60" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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A statocyst, 16 µm in diameter, is present ~300 µm behind the anterior tip. Two dark brown ocelli lie lateral to the statocyst. Numerous zooxanthellae, 10–25 µm wide, are scattered throughout the parenchyma. The parenchyma consists of an outer dense peripheral parenchyma and an inner parenchyma with large vacuolated spaces. Cyanophilic rhabdoid gland cells with their nuclei sunken beneath the body wall and containing short, needle-shaped rhabdoids occur on the entire surface. Epidermal concrements, silver colored in reflected light, are variably distributed on the dorsal side (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F126FFF7FE8FFAA7607E3F60" box="[273,353,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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A–C). Common mucous gland cells are absent, as is a frontal organ.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FAFF62FB3FD0" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nervous tissue surrounds the statocyst and forms a complex at the anterior tip. Three ventral and two dorsal pairs of nerve cords run caudad from it.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FA2F62B83FF8" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" box="[312,935,1428,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The mouth is positioned at about half of body length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF7FEA6FA0762F53C20" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The paired testes lie in the dorsal peripheral parenchyma, but spermatids and sperm often migrate into the vacuolated parenchyma. Spermatozoa are 35 µm long and sometimes form false seminal vesicles before entering the seminal vesicle dorso-laterally. The paired ovaries lie in the ventral peripheral parenchyma, more medially than the testes, rarely extending into the spaces of the vacuolated parenchyma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F126FFF0FEA6F93F65413BA8" blockId="11.[264,1323,467,1894]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The female gonopore is a 110-µm-wide, transverse slit, and lies ~80 µm in front of the male gonopore. The vagina is dead-ended at its proximal end and lined by high prismatic cells, cells containing cyanophilic vesicles, and erythrophilic gland cells. It opens to a muscular bursa frontally (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F126FFF7FDA5F94763913D40" box="[571,654,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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D, 7). The bursa is T-shaped, with a distal unpaired part splitting proximally into two paired lobes. Each bursal lobe contains 1–11 bursal nozzles (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F126FFF7FE8FF8F760463D30" box="[273,345,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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E). Often the number of nozzles in the lobes is unequal. Each bursal nozzle is ~70 µm long, directed antero-ventrally, and is often bent in a C- or S-shape (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F121FFF0FBFEFEA765AD3B60" box="[1120,1202,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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E, F). The bursal nozzle consists of a stack of short cells, which contain cyanophilic vesicles and are visible even in squeeze preparations (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F121FFF0FD51FED762073BD0" box="[719,792,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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F) and some elongate cells that are directed caudally and interconnect with the bursal tissue. The lobes appear somewhat spongy in histological sections where the interconnecting bursal nozzle cells meet them. At the proximal end of the nozzle is a rosette of cyanophilic bursal nozzle cells.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF33665CF121FFF0FE96F95B637F3D36" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F121FFF0FE96F95B637F3D36" blockId="12.[264,1323,1760,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F121FFF0FE96F95B60953CAE" bold="true" box="[264,394,1760,1784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F121FFF0FE0CF95A638B3CAE" box="[402,660,1761,1784]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F121FFF0FE0CF95A638B3CAE" box="[402,660,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Heterochaerus australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; photomicrographs of living specimens. A–C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF33665CF120FFF1FE96FCC560D139E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174709/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[281,1305,326,870]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF1FE96FCC560D139E0" blockId="13.[264,1323,894,950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FE96FCC5609039C0" bold="true" box="[264,399,894,918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FE05FCC463BE39C0" box="[411,673,895,918]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FE05FCC463BE39C0" box="[411,673,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Heterochaerus australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; reconstruction to show arrangement of male and female copulatory organs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF1FEA6FC5C64343F4F" blockId="13.[264,1323,999,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The male gonopore is a 90-µm-wide transverse slit positioned 350 µm in front of the posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F120FFF1FE2CFBB4631B3E7F" box="[434,516,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[309,1286,550,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1287,548,1739]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Heterochaerus australis; photomicrographs of living specimens. A – C. Dorsal view of whole specimens, all with same magnification. D. Ventral view of male and part of female copulatory organs. E. Dorsal view of part of the seminal bursa and bursal nozzles. Arrows point to bursal nozzles. F. Bursal nozzle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 7). The highly glandular penis is 300 µm long, curled backwards, and invaginated into a muscular seminal vesicle. The nuclei of the glandular cells, containing cyanophilic vesicles, are sunken beneath the penis musculature, into the seminal vesicle. The size and number of vesicles varies highly within the gland cells. The penis musculature consists of inner circular muscles and outer longitudinal muscles. A glandular penis fold is invaginated into the caudal side of the seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F120FFF1FB01FB6C65F83EA7" box="[1183,1255,1239,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[264,367,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,326,870]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[281,1306,326,870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heterochaerus australis; reconstruction to show arrangement of male and female copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174709/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is lined with the same gland cells as the penis frontally but erythrophilic gland cells caudally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356655FF120FFF2FEA6FA9D60553B08" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF1FEA6FA9D60B23C0F" blockId="13.[264,1323,999,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FEA6FA9D60AE3F16" bold="true" box="[312,433,1318,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FE24FA9C63C83F16" box="[442,727,1319,1344]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FE24FA9C63C83F16" box="[442,727,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Heterochaerus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FBAFFA9C65F63F17" author="Haswell" box="[1073,1257,1319,1345]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1905) Studies on the Turbellaria, Part I. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 49, 425 - 467." type="journal article" year="1905">Haswell (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from shallow rock-pools in Port Jackson, New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FCC4FAF462BB3F3F" box="[858,932,1359,1385]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FC2AFAF4653C3F3F" box="[948,1059,1359,1385]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FBE5FAF464353F3F" author="Winsor" box="[1147,1322,1359,1385]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Winsor, L. (1990) Marine Turbellaria (Acoela) from North Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 28 (2), 785 - 800." type="journal article" year="1990">Winsor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species from subtidal sand on Orpheus Island and from Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FE96FA2460683FEF" box="[264,375,1439,1465]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FE1DFA2463B13FEF" author="Dorjes" box="[387,686,1439,1465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Dorjes, J. & Young, J. O. (1973) A note on the occurrence of Amphiscolops australis Haswell, 1905 (Turbellaria, Acoela) in the littoral zone at Mombassa (Kenya). Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, 190 (5 / 6), 350 - 351." type="journal article" year="1973">Dörjes and Young (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FC9CFA2462923FEE" box="[770,909,1439,1464]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FC9CFA2462923FEE" box="[770,909,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in small pools on a sandy beach at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FE96FA7C60953FB7" box="[264,394,1479,1505]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mombassa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FE07FA7C60F63FB7" box="[409,489,1479,1505]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B31F120FFF1FD32FA7C62173FB7" box="[684,776,1479,1505]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="135.0">135 km</quantity>
|
||
north of our collection site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FB1AFA7C65F03FB7" box="[1156,1263,1479,1505]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FE08FA54633F3C5E" box="[406,544,1519,1544]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FE08FA54633F3C5E" box="[406,544,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at different sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FC92FA5462683C5F" box="[780,887,1519,1545]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FB89FA5465863C5F" box="[1047,1177,1519,1545]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mombassa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FB3BFA5465EA3C5F" box="[1189,1269,1519,1545]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FE96F9AC606D3C67" box="[264,370,1559,1585]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F120FFF1FE1FF9AC60F23C67" box="[385,493,1559,1585]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggests that this species may be widely distributed throughout the Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF1FEA6F9DC62453CAF" blockId="13.[264,1323,999,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FE44F9DC638C3CD7" author="Haswell" box="[474,659,1639,1665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1905) Studies on the Turbellaria, Part I. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 49, 425 - 467." type="journal article" year="1905">Haswell (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FD01F9DC62343CD6" box="[671,811,1639,1664]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FD01F9DC62343CD6" box="[671,811,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three pairs of longitudinal nerve cords, but we found two additional pairs of ventral nerve cords.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FC71F93465B33CFF" author="Haswell" box="[1007,1196,1679,1705]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1905) Studies on the Turbellaria, Part I. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 49, 425 - 467." type="journal article" year="1905">Haswell (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described “small” and “large”
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F120FFF1FE6AF90C632D3C87" box="[500,562,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of sperm. We found only the large
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F120FFF1FC54F90C62E33C87" box="[970,1020,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of sperm and suspect that his “small
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F120FFF1FE1BF96460A53CAF" box="[389,442,1759,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
” represents developing spermatids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF1FEA6F8BC65EE3D1F" blockId="13.[264,1323,999,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FE02F8BC63473D77" author="Haswell" box="[412,600,1799,1825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1905) Studies on the Turbellaria, Part I. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 49, 425 - 467." type="journal article" year="1905">Haswell (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F120FFF1FD06F8BC62583D77" author="Winsor" box="[664,839,1799,1825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Winsor, L. (1990) Marine Turbellaria (Acoela) from North Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 28 (2), 785 - 800." type="journal article" year="1990">Winsor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the presence of a penis fold, perhaps because, as fixation causes partial protrusion of the penis, it can be obscured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F120FFF2FEA6F8EC60553B08" blockId="13.[264,1323,999,1905]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
A vagina configured like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF1FD23F8EC62553D26" box="[701,842,1879,1904]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Heterochaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FD23F8EC62553D26" box="[701,842,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was shown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F120FFF2FC62F8EC632E3B60" authority="Costello & Costello 1938" authorityName="Costello & Costello" authorityYear="1938" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Polychoerus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" order="Acoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="carmelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F120FFF1FC62F8EC643C3D26" box="[1020,1315,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Polychoerus carmelensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F123FFF2FE96FEA7632E3B60" author="Costello" box="[264,561,284,310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refString="Costello, H. M. & Costello, D. P. (1938 a) A new species of Polychoerus from the Pacific Coast. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (11) 1, 148 - 155." type="journal article" year="1938" yearSuffix="a">Costello & Costello 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F123FFF2FDD2FEA762993B60" author="Costello" box="[588,902,284,310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refString="Costello, H. M. & Costello, D. P (1938 b) Copulation in the acoelous turbellarian Polychoerus carmelensis. Biological Bulletin, 1, 85 - 98." type="journal article" year="1938" yearSuffix="b">Costello & Costello 1938b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F123FFF2FC59FEA760593B08" authority="Kato, 1947" authorityName="Kato" authorityYear="1947" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Amphiscolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FC59FEA765FB3B63" box="[967,1252,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiscolops japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F123FFF2FB74FEA760593B08" author="Kato" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refString="Kato, K. (1947) A new species of the Convolutidae (Acoela, Turbellaria). Seibutu Supplement, 1, 58 - 62." type="journal article" year="1947">Kato, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |