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<document id="3C477DC96D47E6E944698CC925BF79E8" ID-DOI="10.35463/j.apr.2023.02.06" ID-ISSN="1842-371x" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834181" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1705452368979" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="SIMMONS, MICHAEL &amp; BIDGOOD, MICHAEL" docDate="2023" docId="03E587B6FFFDA235FF11F82BA1EFC33E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolRom.19.2.39-169.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 19 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2023.02.06" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1.1:ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Moncharmontia apenninica" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFDCFFCEFFD9A213FF86FFD6A54DC74B" masterDocTitle="“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1713193195427" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="BA05745E86C58CB7BE46C9E0AB85C893">“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DABAD209C69BF749E72580D1A08DCA89">SIMMONS, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08FCB0EC7804DC0B3CCBE9896A1838A1">Halliburton, 97 Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW, UK &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D8D89AE8C67E88F444B818CC6BFE5B90">BIDGOOD, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A3F8941CB79A546837E4A2BC6CF3DAF7">GSS Geoscience Ltd., 2 Meadows Drive, Oldmeldrum, AB 51 0 GA, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="FD2D5C9D935FF92F42EBAFC512C48537">2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FF11F82BA7D7CF5E" blockId="36.[151,765,2011,2069]" box="[151,666,2045,2069]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FF11F82BA7D7CF5E" ID-CoL="82YR6" authority="(De Castro, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[151,666,2045,2069]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FF11F82BA7D7CF5E" bold="true" box="[151,666,2045,2069]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FF11F82BA481CF5E" bold="true" box="[151,460,2045,2069]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Moncharmontia apenninica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FE5CF82BA7DCCF5E" author="De Castro, P." box="[474,657,2045,2069]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="317 - 347" refId="ref78550" refString="De Castro, P., 1966. Sulla presenza di un nuovo genere di Endothyridae nel Cretacio superior della Campania. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75: 317 - 347." type="journal article" year="1966">De Castro, 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFFFDA237FCB6FF48A170C3DC" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FF48A1FAC7FD" blockId="36.[816,1207,158,182]" box="[816,1207,158,182]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Reference Illustration &amp; Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FF37A6D9C652" blockId="36.[816,1437,224,281]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
[Note: also misspelled as
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FBC2FF36A1BAC7B3" box="[1092,1271,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Montcharmontia</emphasis>
in several publications]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FE92A682C637" blockId="36.[816,1437,323,1175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FCB6FE92A6BDC610" author="De Castro, P." box="[816,1008,323,347]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="317 - 347" refId="ref78550" refString="De Castro, P., 1966. Sulla presenza di un nuovo genere di Endothyridae nel Cretacio superior della Campania. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75: 317 - 347." type="journal article" year="1966">De Castro (1966)</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A25FFFDA237FC78FE95A12DC610" box="[1022,1120,323,347]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="15.[201,234,954,975]" captionStartId-1="17.[475,508,841,862]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1430,155,946]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1453,171,822]" captionTargetId-0="figure-898@15.[201,1430,155,946]" captionTargetId-1="figure-907@17.[173,1453,171,822]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="Fig. 5 Representative illustrations of Biconcava bentori: a Equatorial section, Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc (1970, pl. 21, fig. 1, Israel); b Axial section, Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985, pl. 13, fig. 3, Lebanon)." captionText-1="Fig. 6 Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of Biconcava bentori" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834193" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834195" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10834193/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10834195/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Figs. 5-6</figureCitation>
, Pls. I-V (not pl. III, figs. 4- 8), p. 328-333.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FE53A199C359" blockId="36.[816,1437,323,1175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
The original comprehensive description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FA9DFE53A624C6F4" author="De Castro, P." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="317 - 347" refId="ref78550" refString="De Castro, P., 1966. Sulla presenza di un nuovo genere di Endothyridae nel Cretacio superior della Campania. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75: 317 - 347." type="journal article" year="1966">De Castro, 1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FCF3FE71A6E1C6F4" author="De Castro, P." box="[885,940,423,447]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref78584" refString="De Castro, P., 1967. Moncharmontia apenninica nuovo nome per Endothyra apenninica De Castro 1966. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 76: 3 - 4." type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
) of the genus and two species (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FA82FE71A683C6AB" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FA82FE71A683C6AB" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Moncharmontia apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFFDA237FC64FE1EA15CC6AB" box="[994,1041,456,480]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
species) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FB36FE1EA6A2C54A" authority="De Castro" authorityName="De Castro" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FB36FE1EA638C54A" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Moncharmontia compressa</emphasis>
De Castro
</taxonomicName>
) describes a planispiral (though the final whorl may be slightly irregular compared to the initial planispiral coiling), involute and biumbilicate test with a wall that consists of “one calcareous microgranular layer, apparently perforate” (i.e., pseudokeriothecal) (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FCB6FD58A15CC5ED" author="Tesovic, B. C. &amp; Gusic, I. &amp; Jelaska, V. &amp; Buckovic, D." box="[816,1041,654,678]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="591 - 613" refId="ref100794" refString="Tesovic, B. C., Gusic, I., Jelaska, V. &amp; Buckovic, D., 2001. Stratigraphy and microfacies of the Upper Cretaceous Pucisca Formation, Island of Brac, Croatia. Cretaceous Research, 22: 591 - 613." type="journal article" year="2001">Tešović et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The aperture is cribrate with numerous small circular openings in the middle and lower parts of the apertural face – well illustrated in thin-section examples by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC43FD24A183C441" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." box="[965,1230,754,778]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FA8FFD24A637C460" author="Arriaga, M. E. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="9 - 24" refId="ref72572" refString="Arriaga, M. E., Frijia, G., Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E., 2016. Benthic foraminifera in the aftermath of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary extinction event in the carbonate platform facies of the southern Apennines (Italy). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 46 (1): 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="2016">Arriaga et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Up to ten chambers can be present in the final whorl, with up to two and half whorls present. In equatorial section, the chambers have a trapezoidal shape, and the septa are straight to slightly convex. On average, the equatorial diameter of shells with two entire whorls is
<quantity id="4CB49B45FFFDA237FCB6FC6EA6D8C49B" box="[816,917,952,976]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
and the maximum thickness is
<quantity id="4CB49B45FFFDA237FB79FC6EA029C49B" box="[1279,1380,952,976]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FAF0FC6EA6A7C4BA" author="Arriaga, M. E. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="9 - 24" refId="ref72572" refString="Arriaga, M. E., Frijia, G., Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E., 2016. Benthic foraminifera in the aftermath of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary extinction event in the carbonate platform facies of the southern Apennines (Italy). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 46 (1): 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="2016">Arriaga et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). See the Species Key Chart (Appendix) for diagnostic and other characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FBCDA170C3DC" blockId="36.[816,1437,323,1175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FC20FBCDA158C378" authorityName="De Castro, Drobne &amp; Gusic" authorityYear="1994" box="[934,1045,1051,1075]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Fleuryana" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FC20FBCDA158C378" box="[934,1045,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Fleuryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar but differs in by having slightly fewer chambers in the final whorl (8 cf. 9- 10), thinner walls and a single, basal aperture (Solak et al., 2020, see Appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFFDA237FCB6FB17A04BC250" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FB17A10FC392" blockId="36.[816,1090,1217,1241]" box="[816,1090,1217,1241]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Stratigraphic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FAD2A04BC250" blockId="36.[816,1437,1283,2068]" box="[816,1286,1283,1307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Upper middle Cenomanian – Maastrichtian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFFDA235FCB6FAF2A047C441" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA237FCB6FAF2A007C1CC" blockId="36.[816,1437,1283,2068]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
The FAD of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FC48FAF3A123C277" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[974,1134,1317,1340]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FC48FAF3A123C277" box="[974,1134,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been considered (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FCF5FA93A1EBC216" author="Sartorio, D. &amp; Venturini, S." box="[883,1190,1349,1373]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" refId="ref96576" refString="Sartorio, D., &amp; Venturini, S., 1988. Southern Tethys Biofacies. Agip S. p. A., 235 pp." type="book" year="1988">Sartorio &amp; Venturini, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FB3CFA93A624C235" author="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" refId="ref87900" refString="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2 vols." type="book" year="1988">Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FCF2FAB1A12FC235" author="Moro, A. &amp; Jelaska, V." box="[884,1122,1382,1406]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="53 - 65" refId="ref90787" refString="Moro, A. &amp; Jelaska, V., 1994. Upper Cretaceous peritidal deposits of Olib and Ist islands (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Geologia Croatica, 47 (1): 53 - 65." type="journal article" year="1994">Moro &amp; Jelaska, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FBF6FAB0A065C235" author="Koch, R. &amp; Buser, E. S. &amp; Bucur, L. &amp; Bucur, I. I." box="[1136,1320,1382,1406]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="1195 - 1215" refId="ref86835" refString="Koch, R., Buser, E. S., Bucur, L. &amp; Bucur, I. I., 1998. Biostratigraphy and facies development of Mid- to Late Cretaceous strata from the Nanos mountain (Western Slovenia, High Karst). Zentralblatt fur Geologie und Palaontologie, 1 (11 - 12): 1195 - 1215." type="journal article" year="1998">Koch et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FAB0FAB0A680C2D4" author="Korbar, T. &amp; Husinec, A." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref87013" refString="Korbar, T. &amp; Husinec, A., 2003. Biostratigraphy of Turonian to (?) Coniacian Platform Carbonates: A Case Study from the Island of Cres (Northern Adriatic, Croatia). Geologia Croatica, 56 (2): 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="2003">Korbar &amp; Husinec, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC5AFA51A116C2D4" author="Velic, I." box="[988,1115,1415,1439]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref101499" refString="Velic, I., 2007. Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geologia Croatica, 60 (1): 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Velić, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FBECFA51A055C2D4" author="Sari, B. &amp; Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S." box="[1130,1304,1415,1439]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="393 - 425" refId="ref96523" refString="Sari, B., Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S., 2009. Benthonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian-Coniacian) Sequences of the Bey Daglari Carbonate Platform, Western Taurides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 393 - 425." type="journal article" year="2009">Sari et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FAA1FA51A6E1C28A" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC3DFA7FA134C28A" author="Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Di Lucia, M. &amp; Mutti, M." box="[955,1145,1449,1473]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="110 - 139" refId="ref81548" refString="Frijia, G., Parente, M., Di Lucia, M. &amp; Mutti, M., 2015. Carbon and strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian) shallow-water carbonates of southern Italy: Chronostratigraphic calibration of larger foraminifera biostratigraphy. Cretaceous Research, 53: 110 - 139." type="journal article" year="2015">Frijia et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
; Arriaga, 2016;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FAA9FA7FA6DDC2A9" author="Arriaga, M. E. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="9 - 24" refId="ref72572" refString="Arriaga, M. E., Frijia, G., Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E., 2016. Benthic foraminifera in the aftermath of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary extinction event in the carbonate platform facies of the southern Apennines (Italy). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 46 (1): 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="2016">Arriaga et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC24FA1CA1ECC2A9" author="Ozkan, R. &amp; Altiner, D." box="[930,1185,1482,1506]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="153 - 178" refId="ref92491" refString="Ozkan, R. &amp; Altiner, D., 2019. The Cretaceous Mardin Group carbonates in southeast Turkey: lithostratigraphy, foraminiferal biostratigraphy, microfacies and sequence stratigraphic evolution. Cretaceous Research, 98: 153 - 178." type="journal article" year="2019">Özkan &amp; Altiner, 2019</bibRefCitation>
; Solak et al., 2020) to represent the appearance of a new taxon in the Turonian and has been related to faunal renewal after the largescale extinction event that occurred towards the end of the Cenomanian, linked to OAE2 and calibrated to the
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FCB6F9B9A6FFC1CC" box="[816,946,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">geslinianum</emphasis>
ammonite zone (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FBEDF9B9A077C1CC" author="Parente, M. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Di Lucia, M. &amp; Jenkyns, H. C. &amp; Woodfine, R. G. &amp; Baroncini, F." box="[1131,1338,1647,1671]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="715 - 718" refId="ref92728" refString="Parente, M., Frijia, G., Di Lucia, M., Jenkyns, H. C., Woodfine, R. G. &amp; Baroncini, F., 2008. Stepwise extinction of larger foraminifers at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary: A shallow-water perspective on nutrient fluctuations during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Bonarelli Event). Geology, 36 (9): 715 - 718." type="journal article" year="2008">Parente et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFDA235FCB6F946A4C1C7B3" blockId="36.[816,1437,1283,2068]" lastBlockId="38.[151,772,158,2069]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">
Nonetheless, a plausible specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FB48F947A027C1E3" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1230,1386,1681,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FB48F947A027C1E3" box="[1230,1386,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC4DF967A1AEC182" author="Bignot, G. &amp; Poisson, A." box="[971,1251,1713,1737]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="71 - 77" refId="ref74202" refString="Bignot, G. &amp; Poisson, A., 1974. Le Cenomanien du flanc Oriental du Katran Dag (= Sam Dag) pres d'Anatalya (Turquie). Bulletin of the Mining Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, 82: 71 - 77." type="journal article" year="1974">Bignot &amp; Poisson (1974)</bibRefCitation>
from undoubted Cenomanian strata in the Turkish Taurides. Moreover, plausible illustrated occurrences in Cenomanian strata were recently recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FB05F8C3A6B7C005" author="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." pageId="36" pageNumber="75" refId="ref102754" refString="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2021. Cenomanian &quot; orbitoliniform &quot; foraminifera - State of the art and description of Ebrahimiella dercourti (Decrouez &amp; Moullade, 1974) gen. et comb. nov. (family Coskinolinidae) from the Sarvak Formation (SW Iran, Zagros Zone). Cretaceous Research, 126, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104885" type="book" year="2021">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2021)</bibRefCitation>
from the Cenomanian part of the Sarvak Formation of the Iranian Zagros. Co-occurrence with
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FCB6F8AEA154C0DB" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1839" box="[816,1049,1912,1936]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Chrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gradata">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FCB6F8AEA154C0DB" box="[816,1049,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Chrysalidina gradata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FBA1F8AEA1B9C0DB" baseAuthorityName="Gumbel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1063,1268,1912,1936]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Alveolinidae" genus="Cisalveolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="fraasi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FBA1F8AEA1B9C0DB" box="[1063,1268,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Cisalveolina fraasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FAADF8AEA17FC0FA" authority="(Reichel)" baseAuthorityName="Reichel" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Tubothalamea" family="Alveolinidae" genus="Simplalveolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FAADF8AEA689C0FA" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">Simplalveolina simplex</emphasis>
(Reichel)
</taxonomicName>
clearly points to a Cenomanian age. Also,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFDA237FC29F86CA1E9C099" author="Mohajer, M. D. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Dehghanian, M. &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S." box="[943,1188,1978,2002]" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" pagination="1647 - 1667" refId="ref90286" refString="Mohajer, M. D., Afghah, M., Dehghanian, M., &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S., 2021 a. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak Formation at Pyun Anticline (Zagros Basin, Southwest of Iran). Acta Geologica Sinica, 95 (5): 1647 - 1667." type="journal article" year="2021">Mohajer et al. (2021a)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated possible
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFDA237FA06F86DA6EBC0B8" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="36" pageNumber="75" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFDA237FA06F86DA6EBC0B8" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="75">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the late Cenomanian part of the Sarvak Formation (and note its occurrence in the Turonian part), whilst
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF63FF48A765C7FD" author="Rikhtegarzadeh, M. &amp; Vaziri, S. H. &amp; Aleali, M. &amp; Amiri Bakhtiar, H. &amp; Jahani, D." box="[229,552,158,182]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="413 - 428" refId="ref94962" refString="Rikhtegarzadeh, M., Vaziri, S. H., Aleali, M., Amiri Bakhtiar, H. &amp; Jahani, D., 2017. Microbiostratigraphy, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak and Ilam Formations in the Gachsaran Oilfield, southwest Iran. Micropaleontology, 63 (6): 413 - 428." type="journal article" year="2017">Rikhtegarzadeh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
mention
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FD1FFF48A447C79C" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FD1FFF48A5ACC79C" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Moncharmontia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from the Cenomanian part of the Sarvak, but provide no illustration.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF336628FFFCA236FE50FC84A132C423" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834233" box="[470,1151,850,872]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834233/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" startId="37.[470,503,850,871]" targetBox="[194,1394,168,829]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFCA236FE50FC84A132C423" blockId="37.[470,1151,850,872]" box="[470,1151,850,872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FE50FC84A751C42C" bold="true" box="[470,540,850,871]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">Fig. 24</emphasis>
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFCA236FC53FC84A137C423" box="[981,1146,850,872]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Fleuryana" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gediki">Fleuryana gediki</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336628FFFCA236FF30F887A4DDC0E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834235/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" startId="37.[182,215,1873,1894]" targetBox="[195,1428,947,1864]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFCA236FF30F887A4DDC0E9" blockId="37.[182,1404,1872,1954]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FF30F887A5B1C02D" bold="true" box="[182,252,1873,1894]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">Fig. 25</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFCA236FDA1F886A67EC02D" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[551,819,1872,1894]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FDA1F886A67EC02D" box="[551,819,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">Moncharmontia apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FCB9F887A606C02D" bold="true" box="[831,843,1873,1894]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">a</emphasis>
Equatorial section,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFCA236FB8AF886A187C02D" author="Arriaga, M. E. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E." box="[1036,1226,1872,1894]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" pagination="9 - 24" refId="ref72572" refString="Arriaga, M. E., Frijia, G., Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E., 2016. Benthic foraminifera in the aftermath of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary extinction event in the carbonate platform facies of the southern Apennines (Italy). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 46 (1): 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="2016">Arriaga et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5(3), Italy);
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FAE9F887A031C02D" bold="true" box="[1391,1404,1873,1894]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">b</emphasis>
Axial section,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFCA236FEC4F8B9A4AFC0CF" author="De Castro, P." box="[322,482,1902,1924]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" pagination="317 - 347" refId="ref78550" refString="De Castro, P., 1966. Sulla presenza di un nuovo genere di Endothyridae nel Cretacio superior della Campania. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75: 317 - 347." type="journal article" year="1966">De Castro (1966</bibRefCitation>
, pl. III, fig. 9, Italy);
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FD29F8B8A7F7C0C8" bold="true" box="[687,698,1902,1923]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">c</emphasis>
Axial section,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFCA236FCCCF8B8A145C0CF" author="Arriaga, M. E. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E." box="[842,1032,1902,1924]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76" pagination="9 - 24" refId="ref72572" refString="Arriaga, M. E., Frijia, G., Parente, M. &amp; Caus, E., 2016. Benthic foraminifera in the aftermath of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary extinction event in the carbonate platform facies of the southern Apennines (Italy). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 46 (1): 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="2016">Arriaga et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5(8), Italy);
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFCA236FB28F8B8A1F6C0C8" bold="true" box="[1198,1211,1902,1923]" pageId="37" pageNumber="76">d</emphasis>
Apertural face,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFCA236FAD1F8B9A478C0E9" author="De Castro, P." pageId="37" pageNumber="76" pagination="317 - 347" refId="ref78550" refString="De Castro, P., 1966. Sulla presenza di un nuovo genere di Endothyridae nel Cretacio superior della Campania. Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75: 317 - 347." type="journal article" year="1966">De Castro (1966</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FF11FED7A4EEC508" blockId="38.[151,772,158,2069]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
Therefore,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE9CFED7A649C652" author="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." box="[282,772,257,281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref102754" refString="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2021. Cenomanian &quot; orbitoliniform &quot; foraminifera - State of the art and description of Ebrahimiella dercourti (Decrouez &amp; Moullade, 1974) gen. et comb. nov. (family Coskinolinidae) from the Sarvak Formation (SW Iran, Zagros Zone). Cretaceous Research, 126, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104885" type="book" year="2021">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2021)</bibRefCitation>
have suggested the FAD of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FD84FEF5A7E4C671" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[514,681,291,314]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FD84FEF5A7E4C671" box="[514,681,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs “somewhere in the upper part of the middle Cenomanian”. They also pointed out Cenomanian occurrences in
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FF11FE53A5A4C6D6" box="[151,233,389,413]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF71FE53A487C6D6" author="Omana, L. &amp; Lopez-Doncel, R. &amp; Torres, J. R. &amp; Alencaster, G." box="[247,458,389,413]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="457 - 485" refId="ref91565" refString="Omana, L., Lopez-Doncel, R., Torres, J. R. &amp; Alencaster, G., 2012. Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Cenomanian / Turonian boundary interval based on foraminifera from W Valles-San Luis Potosi Platform, Mexico. Micropaleontology, 58 (6): 457 - 485." type="journal article" year="2012">Omaña et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE53FE53A746C6D6" author="Omana, L. &amp; Lopez-Doncel, R. &amp; Torres-Hernandez, J. R." box="[469,523,389,413]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref91696" refString="Omana, L., Lopez-Doncel, R., Torres-Hernandez, J. R., 2013, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Santonian) foraminiferal biostratigraphy from W Valles-San Luis Platform, Mexico: 9 th Symposium of Cretaceous System, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1 - 94." type="book chapter" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
) but these are not supported by illustration - see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FD81FE71A59DC6AB" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Allison, P. A." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="237 - 255" refId="ref70732" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Allison, P. A., 2001. Biostratigraphy and environmental changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, southern Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 14: 237 - 255." type="journal article" year="2001">Aguilera-Franco et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Aguilera-Franco &amp; Romano, 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FD1BFE1EA4D7C54A" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref70580" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P., 2004. Events of the Cenomanian-Turonian succession, southern Mexico. Journal of Iberian Geology, 31: 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2004">Aguilera-Franco &amp; Allison, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). There is also an illustrated, but misidentified record (possibly
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FDA6FDDDA7B7C569" authorityName="sensu Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[544,762,522,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Biconcava" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bentori">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FDA6FDDDA7B7C569" box="[544,762,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Biconcava bentori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF26FDFDA4DEC508" author="Aguilera-Franco, N." box="[160,403,555,579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="202 - 222" refId="ref70692" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., 2003. Cenomanian - Coniacian zonation (foraminifers and calcareous algae) in the Guerrero-Morelos basin, southern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas, 20 (3): 202 - 222." type="journal article" year="2003">Aguilera-Franco, 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FF11FD9BA75BC3DD" blockId="38.[151,772,158,2069]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF11FD9BA459C52F" author="Koc, H." box="[151,276,588,612]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref86733" refString="Koc, H., 2017. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Upper Cretaceous deposits in the central Taurides (S. Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12517 - 017 - 3294 - 4" type="book" year="2017">Koç (2017)</bibRefCitation>
mention
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FEFBFD9BA754C52F" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[381,537,589,612]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FEFBFD9BA754C52F" box="[381,537,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in association with a clearly Cenomanian foraminiferal assemblage from the Turkish Taurides. Plausible specimens are illustrated, but these may be from younger stratigraphy (the caption is unclear). Also, from the Taurides, Solak et al. (2020) describes “
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FE91FD24A48EC441" authorityName="De Castro" authorityYear="1967" box="[279,451,754,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FE91FD24A48EC441" box="[279,451,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Moncharmontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp.” from the uppermost Cenomanian (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE0DFCC5A7CAC460" author="Sagaltici, O. &amp; Koc, H." box="[395,647,787,811]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="15 - 43" refId="ref95707" refString="Sagaltici, O. &amp; Koc, H., 2021. Akseki Formasyonu'nun (Kirac Dagi, Ibradi, KD Antalya) Stratigrafisi, Fasiyes Ozellikleri ve Paleo-ortamsal Yorumu. Geosound, 54 (1): 15 - 43." type="journal article" year="2021">Sağaltici &amp; Koç (2021)</bibRefCitation>
unillustrated). The specimens are almost certainly this genus, but species identification is not possible. Shanin &amp; Elbaz (2013) record the species from the Cenomanian of Sinai, but the disaggregated specimens illustrated cannot confidently be identified as this species. Another (but unillustrated) record from the Cenomanian comes from the Natih Formation of
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FECBFC2CA4C3C359" box="[333,398,1018,1042]" name="Oman" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Oman</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE31FC2CA7E6C359" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C." box="[439,683,1018,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="81 - 97" refId="ref93458" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C., 2013. Cenomanian rotaliids (Foraminiferida) from Oman and Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132: 81 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Piuz &amp; Meister (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FD30FC2CA4C7C378" author="Ettachfini, E. M. &amp; Andreu, B." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="277 - 302" refId="ref80654" refString="Ettachfini, E. M. &amp; Andreu, B., 2004. Le Cenomanien et le Turonien de la Plate-forme Preafricaine du Maroc. Cretaceous Research, 25: 277 - 302." type="journal article" year="2004">Ettachfini &amp; Andreu (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE4EFBCDA7CEC378" author="Ettachfini, E. M." box="[456,643,1051,1075]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref80614" refString="Ettachfini, E. M., 2006. La transgression au passage du Cenomanien au Turonien sur le domaine Atlasique Marocain; stratigraphie integree et relations avec l'evenement oceanique global. Unpublished PhD thesis, University Chouaib Doukkali." type="book" year="2006">Ettachfini (2006)</bibRefCitation>
illustrate a form attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FEE1FBEAA789C31F" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[359,708,1084,1108]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FEE1FBEAA75EC31F" box="[359,531,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Moncharmontia</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FDC8FBEBA789C31F" box="[590,708,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the late Cenomanian of
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FE18FB88A74CC33E" box="[414,513,1118,1141]" name="Morocco" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, but which seems more compatible with
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FECDFB56A742C3DC" authorityName="sensu Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[331,527,1151,1175]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Biconcava" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bentori">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FECDFB56A742C3DC" box="[331,527,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Biconcava bentori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FF11FB76A5BFC16F" blockId="38.[151,772,158,2069]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
Records from strata attributed to the Turonian should be checked for “circular reasoning” – i.e., a Turonian lower age limit is attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FE1BFB35A77AC3B1" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[413,567,1251,1274]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FE1BFB35A77AC3B1" box="[413,567,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and the strata it is found in). For example, the illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FDEEFAD2A64EC250" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[616,771,1284,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FDEEFAD2A64EC250" box="[616,771,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the upper Derdere Formation of
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FDABFAF2A737C277" box="[557,634,1316,1340]" name="Turkey" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Turkey</collectingCountry>
attributed to the Turonian by Özcan &amp; Altiner (2019) are reasonably plausible. However, these records co-occur with
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FD33FAB1A4D3C2D4" authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" class="Globothalamea" family="Cuneolinidae" genus="Cuneolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="pavonia">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FD33FAB1A46EC2D4" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Cuneolina pavonia</emphasis>
d’Orbigny
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FE34FA5EA79CC2D4" authority="Omara" authorityName="Omara" authorityYear="1956" box="[434,721,1415,1439]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Nezzazata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FE34FA5EA736C2D4" box="[434,635,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Nezzazata simplex</emphasis>
Omara
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FF11FA7FA4BAC28A" authority="(Henson)" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,503,1449,1473]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Nezzazatinella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="picardi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FF11FA7FA4CAC28A" box="[151,391,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Nezzazatinella picardi</emphasis>
(Henson)
</taxonomicName>
; all taxa that could be as old as Cenomanian (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE1BFA1CA7C0C2A9" author="Simmons, M. D. &amp; Vicedo, V. &amp; Yilmaz, I. O. &amp; Hosgor, I. &amp; Mulayim, O. &amp; Sari, B." box="[413,653,1482,1506]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="203 - 232" refId="ref99307" refString="Simmons, M. D., Vicedo, V., Yilmaz, I. O., Hosgor, I., Mulayim, O. &amp; Sari, B., 2020 b. Micropalaeontology, biostratigraphy, and depositional setting of the mid-Cretaceous Derdere Formation at Derik, Mardin, south-eastern Turkey. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 39 (2): 203 - 232." type="journal article" year="2020">Simmons et al., 2020b</bibRefCitation>
for further discussion on the age attribution of the Derdere Formation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FF11F9FBA6DCC6F4" blockId="38.[151,772,158,2069]" lastBlockId="38.[816,1437,158,778]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
Similar arguments can be applied to the records by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF11F998A4A9C12D" author="Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. &amp; Omidvar, M." box="[151,484,1614,1638]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="15 - 34" refId="ref94264" refString="Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Mehrabi, H., Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. &amp; Omidvar, M., 2012. Coupled imprints of tropical climate and recurring emergence on reservoir evolution of a mid Cretaceous carbonate ramp, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Cretaceous Research, 37: 15 - 34." type="journal article" year="2012">Rahimpour-Bonab et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FE77F998A76BC12D" author="Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Navidtalab, A. &amp; Omidvar, M. &amp; Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. &amp; Sonei, R. &amp; Sajjadi, F. &amp; Amiri-Bakhtyar, H. &amp; Arzani, N. &amp; Mazidi, E." box="[497,550,1614,1638]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="335 - 362" refId="ref94321" refString="Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Mehrabi, H., Navidtalab, A., Omidvar, M., Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H., Sonei, R., Sajjadi, F., Amiri-Bakhtyar, H., Arzani, N. &amp; Izadi- Mazidi, E., 2013. Palaeo-exposure surfaces in Cenomanian-Santonian carbonate reservoirs in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 36 (4): 335 - 362." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FDE0F998A5A9C1CC" author="Omidvar, M. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="158 - 177" refId="ref92031" refString="Omidvar, M., Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F., 2014 a. Depositional environment and biostratigraphy of the upper Sarvak Formation in Ahwaz Oilfield (Well No. 63). Sedimentary Facies, 7 (2): 158 - 177." type="journal article" year="2014">Omidvar et al. (2014a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF76F9B9A47FC1CC" author="Omidvar, M. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F. &amp; Sajjadi, H. &amp; Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Ashrafzadeh, A." box="[240,306,1647,1671]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref92080" refString="Omidvar, M., Mehrabi, H., Sajjadi, F., Bahramizadeh- Sajjadi, H., Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Ashrafzadeh, A., 2014 b. Revision of the foraminiferal biozonation scheme in Upper Cretaceous carbonates of the Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran: Integrated palaeontological, sedimentological and geochemical investigation." type="book" year="2014">2014b</bibRefCitation>
) from the Sarvak Formation in the Iranian Zagros where the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FE6BF947A7C6C1E3" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[493,651,1681,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FE6BF947A7C6C1E3" box="[493,651,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used to infer a Turonian age. These records may be Turonian, but evidence other than the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FDD1F904A64FC1A1" authorityName="De Castro" authorityYear="1967" box="[599,770,1746,1770]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FDD1F904A64FC1A1" box="[599,770,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Moncharmontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(plausibly illustrated by these authors) should be sought. Recent strontium isotope calibrated ages (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FDE6F8C3A596C005" author="Mehrabi, H. &amp; Navidtalab, A. &amp; Enayati, A. &amp; Bagherpour, B." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="106146" refId="ref89294" refString="Mehrabi, H., Navidtalab, A., Enayati, A., Bagherpour, B., 2022 a. Age, duration of and geochemical signatures of paleo-exposure events in Cenomanian-Santonian sequences (Sarvak and Ilam formations) in SW Iran: Insights from carbon and strontium isotopes chemostratigraphy. Sedimentary Geology 434, 106146." type="journal article" year="2022">Mehrabi et al., 2022a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FF61F8E0A467C005" author="Mehrabi, H. &amp; Navidtalab, A. &amp; Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Heimhofer, U." box="[231,298,1846,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="105329" refId="ref89354" refString="Mehrabi, H., Navidtalab, A., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Heimhofer, U., 2022 b. Geochemical expression of sequence stratigraphic surfaces: a case from Upper Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates of southeastern Neo-Tethys margin, SW Iran, Cretaceous Research, 140, 105329." type="journal article" year="2022">2022b</bibRefCitation>
) are helpful in this respect and suggest that some
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FF50F88EA43DC024" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[214,368,1880,1903]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FF50F88EA43DC024" box="[214,368,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurrences in the Iranian Zagros are indeed Turonian. Nonetheless, the statement by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FD22F8AEA452C0FA" author="Omidvar, M. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="158 - 177" refId="ref92031" refString="Omidvar, M., Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F., 2014 a. Depositional environment and biostratigraphy of the upper Sarvak Formation in Ahwaz Oilfield (Well No. 63). Sedimentary Facies, 7 (2): 158 - 177." type="journal article" year="2014">Omidvar et al. (2014a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FEADF84FA423C0FA" author="Omidvar, M. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F. &amp; Sajjadi, H. &amp; Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Ashrafzadeh, A." box="[299,366,1945,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref92080" refString="Omidvar, M., Mehrabi, H., Sajjadi, F., Bahramizadeh- Sajjadi, H., Rahimpour-Bonab, H. &amp; Ashrafzadeh, A., 2014 b. Revision of the foraminiferal biozonation scheme in Upper Cretaceous carbonates of the Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran: Integrated palaeontological, sedimentological and geochemical investigation." type="book" year="2014">2014b</bibRefCitation>
) that
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FE2AF84CA70AC0FA" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[428,583,1946,1969]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FE2AF84CA70AC0FA" box="[428,583,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an index fossil for ages no older than Turonian in the Iranian Zagros is incorrect. On the other hand, there is little doubt that the
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FF11F82AA581CF5F" box="[151,204,2044,2068]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">local</emphasis>
inception of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FEDBF82BA4BACF5F" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[349,503,2045,2068]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FEDBF82BA4BACF5F" box="[349,503,2045,2068]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for example in the
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFFFA235FD53F82BA64FCF5E" box="[725,770,2045,2069]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
area of the Italian Apennines) occurs within the Turonian (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FCF7FF69A17CC79C" author="Frijia, G. &amp; Parente, M. &amp; Di Lucia, M. &amp; Mutti, M." box="[881,1073,191,215]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="110 - 139" refId="ref81548" refString="Frijia, G., Parente, M., Di Lucia, M. &amp; Mutti, M., 2015. Carbon and strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian) shallow-water carbonates of southern Italy: Chronostratigraphic calibration of larger foraminifera biostratigraphy. Cretaceous Research, 53: 110 - 139." type="journal article" year="2015">Frijia et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
). It may be that as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FCB6FF36A05DC7B3" author="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." box="[816,1296,224,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" refId="ref102754" refString="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2021. Cenomanian &quot; orbitoliniform &quot; foraminifera - State of the art and description of Ebrahimiella dercourti (Decrouez &amp; Moullade, 1974) gen. et comb. nov. (family Coskinolinidae) from the Sarvak Formation (SW Iran, Zagros Zone). Cretaceous Research, 126, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104885" type="book" year="2021">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2021)</bibRefCitation>
the species arose elsewhere within the Cenomanian and migrated to the Mediterranean region in the Turonian, occupying palaeoecological niches vacant by the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary extinction event. Lack of comprehensive supporting data is an ever-present challenge to LBF biostratigraphy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FCB6FE1EA047C441" blockId="38.[816,1437,158,778]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
The youngest verifiable record of this species is Maastrichtian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FC1DFE3FA1DFC54A" author="Sinanoglu, D. &amp; Ozgen-Erdem, N. &amp; Sari, B." box="[923,1170,489,513]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="425 - 440" refId="ref99512" refString="Sinanoglu, D., Ozgen-Erdem, N. &amp; Sari, B., 2020. Foraminifera from the Maastrichtian Garzan and Lower Germav formations of the Arabian Platform (Batman, SE Turkey). Micropaleontology, 66 (5): 425 - 440." type="journal article" year="2020">Sinanoğlu et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FB23FE3FA01AC54A" author="Sinanoglu, D." box="[1189,1367,489,513]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="267 - 293" refId="ref99477" refString="Sinanoglu, D., 2021. Systematic and biostratigraphic evaluation of the Late Cretaceous benthic foraminifera assemblages of southeastern Batman. Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration, 165: 267 - 293." type="journal article" year="2021">Sinanoğlu, 2021</bibRefCitation>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FCB6FDDCA6CFC569" box="[816,898,522,546]" name="Turkey" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Turkey</collectingCountry>
). However, such a long range for a single species seems unusual and there may be further study required. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FB8FFD9AA1F9C52F" authorityName="De Castro" authorityYear="1967" box="[1033,1204,588,612]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FB8FFD9AA1F9C52F" box="[1033,1204,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Moncharmontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have been very well adapted to the inner platform niche in which it lived, and as a relatively simple form, persisted through environmental perturbations (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFFFA235FB31FD79A625C5A2" author="Consorti, L. &amp; Rashidi, K." pageId="38" pageNumber="77" pagination="595 - 605" refId="ref77417" refString="Consorti, L. &amp; Rashidi, K., 2018. A new evidence of passing the Maastichtian - Paleocene boundary by larger benthic foraminifers: The case of Elazigina from the Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of Iran. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (3): 595 - 605." type="journal article" year="2018">Consorti &amp; Rashidi, 2018</bibRefCitation>
, for a similar example in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FB7DFD07A0D1C5A2" authority="Sirel" authorityName="Sirel" authorityYear="2012" box="[1275,1436,721,745]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rotaliidae" genus="Elazigina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FB7DFD07A02CC5A2" box="[1275,1377,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Elazigina</emphasis>
Sirel
</taxonomicName>
across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFFFA235FCB6FCE2A1F7C4C5" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FCB6FCE2A1BAC407" blockId="38.[816,1271,820,844]" box="[816,1271,820,844]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Cenomanian Paleogeographic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FCB6FCA1A1F7C4C5" blockId="38.[816,1437,886,1141]" box="[816,1210,886,910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Eastern Neotethys (and?Caribbean).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFFFA235FCB6FC41A1EFC33E" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FCB6FC41A1B3C37F" blockId="38.[816,1437,886,1141]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">
There are scattered records of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFFFA235FBFAFC4EA05AC4E4" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1148,1303,920,943]" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Moncharmontia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="77" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apenninica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFFFA235FBFAFC4EA05AC4E4" box="[1148,1303,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">M. apenninica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cenomanian strata around Neotethys. However, the only proven occurrences are from the Turkish Taurides and the Iranian Zagros. Records from Sinai,
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FB3FFC2CA1B7C359" box="[1209,1274,1018,1042]" name="Oman" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Oman</collectingCountry>
and south-east
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFFFA235FCB6FBCDA630C378" box="[816,893,1051,1075]" name="Turkey" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Turkey</collectingCountry>
are unproven or of contentious age.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFFFA235FCB6FBEAA1EFC33E" blockId="38.[816,1437,886,1141]" pageId="38" pageNumber="77">Records in strata younger than Cenomanian are numerous and widespread around Neotethys.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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