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<mods:title id="2D17F4186A62865A1815892C4A3EDD1A">“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D30E2B87814B668BB8E252B25786BB75">SIMMONS, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3F70D8A3A399216C146954DC0B25AF3F">Halliburton, 97 Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW, UK &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9CA256FF11FD07A731C5A2" box="[151,636,721,745]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FF11FD07A731C5A2" blockId="69.[151,742,687,745]" box="[151,636,721,745]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FF11FD07A731C5A2" ID-CoL="833P4" authority="Luperto-Sinni, 1968" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,636,721,745]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF11FD07A731C5A2" bold="true" box="[151,636,721,745]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF11FD07A473C5A2" bold="true" box="[151,318,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
? 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FED5FD07A4DCC5A2" bold="true" box="[339,401,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">apula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FE1EFD07A731C5A2" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[408,636,721,745]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref88220" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1968. Nummofallotia apula n. sp. Foraminifero del Cretaceo superiore delle Murge. Bollettino della Societa dei naturalisti in Napoli, 77: 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Luperto-Sinni, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9CA256FF11FCC5A58FC4BA" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FF11FCC5A750C460" blockId="69.[151,541,787,811]" box="[151,541,787,811]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Reference Illustration &amp; Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FF11FC83A58FC4BA" blockId="69.[151,772,853,2068]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
Luperto-Sinni in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FED6FC83A7D5C426" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." box="[336,664,853,877]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 48, p. 100-101 (but see below for issues regarding stated magnifications). The species is also well illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FD44FC41A457C49B" author="Saint-Marc, P." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref95980" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Sur quelques foraminiferes Cenomaniens et Turoniens du Liban. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 13 (2): 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="1970">Saint-Marc (1970</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs. 10-15; 1974a, pl. XIII, figs. 13- 19).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9CA256FF11FC2CA687CF5F" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FF11FC2CA4BAC216" blockId="69.[151,772,853,2068]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FF11FC2CA47AC359" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,311,1018,1042]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF11FC2CA47AC359" box="[151,311,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FDA7FC2CA592C378" author="Barrier, J. &amp; Neumann, M." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="223 - 229" refId="ref73373" refString="Barrier, J. &amp; Neumann, M., 1959. Contribution a l'etude de Nonionina cretacea Schlumberger. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 1 (4): 223 - 229." type="journal article" year="1959">Barrier &amp; Neumann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
with the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian - Maastrichtian) taxon 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FE0EFBEBA64EC31F" authority="Schlumberger" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1900" box="[392,771,1084,1108]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Nonionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FE0EFBEBA72CC31F" box="[392,609,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nonionina cretacea</emphasis>
Schlumberger
</taxonomicName>
as 
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species. The test is lenticular, planispirally enrolled, periphery rounded to subangular, with a globular proloculus followed by whorls of regularly enlarging chambers. Adults are involute with septa that are slightly oblique and slope backwards at the periphery. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FD1DFB34A64FC3B1" box="[667,770,1250,1274]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Alveocyclammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="umbo">An umbo</taxonomicName>
(also sometimes called umbilical “plug” or “button”) of radial fibrous calcite is a distinctive feature in most specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FF62FA93A4A6C216" author="Hottinger, L. &amp; Caus, E." box="[228,491,1349,1373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="249 - 279" refId="ref84389" refString="Hottinger, L. &amp; Caus, E., 2009. Meandropsinidae, an ophtalmidid family of Late Cretaceous K-strategist foraminifera endemic in the Pyrenean Gulf. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh., 253 (2 - 3): 249 - 279." type="journal article" year="2009">Hottinger &amp; Caus, 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FF11FAB0A4DCC235" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[151,401,1382,1406]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref88220" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1968. Nummofallotia apula n. sp. Foraminifero del Cretaceo superiore delle Murge. Bollettino della Societa dei naturalisti in Napoli, 77: 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Luperto-Sinni (1968)</bibRefCitation>
introduced a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FF11FA51A431C2D4" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,380,1415,1439]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF11FA51A431C2D4" box="[151,380,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
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material from the “Senonian” of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9CA256FED9FA7FA4DFC28A" box="[351,402,1449,1473]" name="Italy" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Italy</collectingCountry>
, which is smaller and with fewer whorls than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FEACFA1DA4E1C2A9" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1900" box="[298,428,1483,1506]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Nonionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FEACFA1DA4E1C2A9" box="[298,428,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cretacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Originally described as possessing a single-layered wall, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FE58FA3DA64EC148" author="Bilotte, M. &amp; Decrouez, D." box="[478,771,1515,1539]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref74320" refString="Bilotte, M. &amp; Decrouez, D., 1979. Reflexions sur les especes du genre Nummofallotia Barrier &amp; Neumann, 1959 (Foraminifere). Notes du Laboratoire de Paleontologie de l'Universite de Geneve, 5 (4): 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="1979">Bilotte &amp; Decrouez (1979)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently stated that the test wall of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FDCEF9DBA7E8C16F" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[584,677,1548,1572]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FDCEF9DBA7E8C16F" box="[584,677,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, in its entirety, made up of two layers: an inner layer dark microgranular, and a clear outer layer hyaline-radiated, thicker in the axial zone (see for example illustrations by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FF11F946A417C1E3" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[151,346,1680,1704]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref95980" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Sur quelques foraminiferes Cenomaniens et Turoniens du Liban. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 13 (2): 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="1970">Saint-Marc, 1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FEEDF946A4E1C1E3" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[363,428,1680,1704]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">1974a</bibRefCitation>
), leading them to introduce a new genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FE9CF964A4CEC182" ID-CoL="7ZVVL" authorityName="Bilotte &amp; Decrouez" authorityYear="1979" box="[282,387,1714,1737]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FE9CF964A4CEC182" box="[282,387,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Murgeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FE4DF964A765C182" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[459,552,1713,1737]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FE4DF964A765C182" box="[459,552,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FDFFF964A7EAC181" box="[633,679,1714,1738]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
species. Although accepted by, for example, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FDAAF904A5ACC047" author="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" refId="ref87900" refString="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2 vols." type="book" year="1988">Loeblich &amp; Tappan (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, the necessity to introduce this genus was subsequently questioned by Luperto-Sinni in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FDF4F8C3A41EC005" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
who noted that the two layered wall structure is a variable, inconsistent feature, and that otherwise 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FF6BF8AFA41FC0DB" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[237,338,1912,1936]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF6BF8AFA41FC0DB" box="[237,338,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conforms perfectly to the nature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FF11F84FA47AC0FA" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,311,1945,1969]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FF11F84FA47AC0FA" box="[151,311,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. That said, in 1998, she introduced a further new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FE21F86CA70BC099" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[423,582,1978,2002]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FE21F86CA70BC099" box="[423,582,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FDE5F86CA448C0B8" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FDE5F86CA448C0B8" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which alongside its supposedly very small size (see below), a distinguishing feature was said to be a consistent two layered wall structure. Therefore, there is some debate if 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC50FF16A172C79C" ID-CoL="7ZVVL" authorityName="Bilotte &amp; Decrouez" authorityYear="1979" box="[982,1087,192,215]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC50FF16A172C79C" box="[982,1087,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Murgeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid genus. A detailed taxonomic revision of all species of 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FA96FF36A6F0C652" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FA96FF36A607C652" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Nummofallotia</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCD0FED4A6F0C652" ID-CoL="7ZVVL" authorityName="Bilotte &amp; Decrouez" authorityYear="1979" box="[854,957,258,281]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Murgeina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is required using pristine material. This is outside the scope of this primarily stratigraphic/biogeographic review and therefore we tentatively retain 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCD9FEB3A6F6C637" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[863,955,356,380]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCD9FEB3A6F6C637" box="[863,955,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB8BFEB2A1E1C637" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[1037,1196,356,380]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB8BFEB2A1E1C637" box="[1037,1196,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB5AFEB3A009C637" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1244,1348,356,380]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB5AFEB3A1B8C637" box="[1244,1269,357,380]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.</emphasis>
? 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FA81FEB2A009C637" box="[1287,1348,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FCB6FE50A6DAC4BA" blockId="69.[816,1437,158,2068]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCB6FE50A6D2C6D6" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[816,927,389,413]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCB6FE50A6D2C6D6" box="[816,927,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small biumbonate form, with maximum dimensions (diameter) of around 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FB1DFE71A063C6F5" box="[1179,1326,423,447]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3 – 0.5 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FABBFE71A0D1C6F4" box="[1341,1436,423,447]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FCB6FE1EA6DBC6AB" box="[816,918,456,480]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
), a thickness of around 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FB26FE1EA01CC694" box="[1184,1361,456,480]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.15">0.15 – 0.25 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FAE5FE1EA613C549" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FCE3FE3FA6F2C54A" box="[869,959,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18mm</quantity>
) a large, 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FBA5FE3FA1F4C54A" box="[1059,1209,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.06">0.06-0.08 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FB4EFE3FA06AC54A" box="[1224,1319,489,513]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FAA8FE3FA0DDC54A" box="[1326,1424,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
), globular proloculus in macrospheric forms, followed by 3 whorls with 16-20 quadrangular chambers in the last whorl. It is distinctively smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB62FD9BA02EC52F" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1900" box="[1252,1379,589,612]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Nonionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB62FD9BA02EC52F" box="[1252,1379,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cretacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that has typical diameters of around 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FB10FDBBA061C5CE" box="[1174,1324,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6 – 0.8 mm</quantity>
(although possibly as small as 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FB8BFD58A120C5ED" box="[1037,1133,654,678]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FBFDFD58A0DEC5ED" author="Bilotte, M. &amp; Decrouez, D." box="[1147,1427,654,678]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref74320" refString="Bilotte, M. &amp; Decrouez, D., 1979. Reflexions sur les especes du genre Nummofallotia Barrier &amp; Neumann, 1959 (Foraminifere). Notes du Laboratoire de Paleontologie de l'Universite de Geneve, 5 (4): 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="1979">Bilotte &amp; Decrouez, 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and note that if the illustrations of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FB38FD79A635C5A2" author="Barrier, J. &amp; Neumann, M." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="223 - 229" refId="ref73373" refString="Barrier, J. &amp; Neumann, M., 1959. Contribution a l'etude de Nonionina cretacea Schlumberger. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 1 (4): 223 - 229." type="journal article" year="1959">Barrier &amp; Neumann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
are correctly scaled, then specimens can be 2.0 – 3.0 mm in diameter, although this must be judged unlikely), thickness of 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FC6DFCC5A1C8C461" box="[1003,1157,787,811]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4 – 0.5 mm</quantity>
, 5 - 8 whorls, with more than 20 chambers in the last whorl (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FA86FCE2A624C426" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref88220" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1968. Nummofallotia apula n. sp. Foraminifero del Cretaceo superiore delle Murge. Bollettino della Societa dei naturalisti in Napoli, 77: 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Luperto-Sinni, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Although the same specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FA87FC80A03DC426" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1281,1392,853,877]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FA87FC80A03DC426" box="[1281,1392,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FC4FFCA0A1E2C4C5" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[969,1199,886,910]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref88220" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1968. Nummofallotia apula n. sp. Foraminifero del Cretaceo superiore delle Murge. Bollettino della Societa dei naturalisti in Napoli, 77: 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Luperto-Sinni (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and Luperto-Sinni in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FCB6FC41A131C4E4" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." box="[816,1148,919,943]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, including the types, there are small differences in size based on the magnifications provided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9CA256FCB6FC2DA687CF5F" blockId="69.[816,1437,158,2068]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCB6FC2DA6F2C359" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[816,959,1019,1042]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCB6FC2DA6F2C359" box="[816,959,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as a distinctively small (stated diameter dimensions: 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FBC4FBCDA1A8C378" box="[1090,1253,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09 – 0.1 mm</quantity>
) species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FAD4FBCDA683C31F" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref88373" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1998. Nummofallotia cenomana, nuova specie di foraminifero del Cenomaniano delle Murge (Puglia - Italia Meridionale). Geologica Romana, 34: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1998">Luperto-Sinni, 1998</bibRefCitation>
), known from the Cenomanian of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9CA256FCB6FB8BA629C33E" box="[816,868,1117,1141]" name="Italy" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Italy</collectingCountry>
. If the figures provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FB09FB8BA039C33E" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[1167,1396,1117,1141]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref88373" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1998. Nummofallotia cenomana, nuova specie di foraminifero del Cenomaniano delle Murge (Puglia - Italia Meridionale). Geologica Romana, 34: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1998">Luperto-Sinni (1998)</bibRefCitation>
are taken on face value, using the magnifications as given, the diameters are larger (c. 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FBE4FB76A18BC3F3" box="[1122,1222,1184,1208]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
), but still distinctly small compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB8EFB14A139C392" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1032,1140,1217,1241]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB8EFB14A139C392" box="[1032,1140,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FB00FB17A020C392" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[1158,1389,1217,1241]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref88373" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1998. Nummofallotia cenomana, nuova specie di foraminifero del Cenomaniano delle Murge (Puglia - Italia Meridionale). Geologica Romana, 34: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1998">Luperto-Sinni (1998)</bibRefCitation>
implied that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC2FFB35A173C3B1" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[937,1086,1251,1274]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC2FFB35A173C3B1" box="[937,1086,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the Cenomanian form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCB6FAD5A69DC250" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[816,976,1283,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCB6FAD5A69DC250" box="[816,976,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whilst 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FBB1FAD2A1E4C250" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1079,1193,1283,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FBB1FAD2A1E4C250" box="[1079,1193,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the “Senonian” form. However, she did not discuss further the various Cenomanian records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FBC0FA90A1FBC216" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1094,1206,1349,1373]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FBC0FA90A1FBC216" box="[1094,1206,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), which conform to the 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FC5FFAB1A14AC234" box="[985,1031,1383,1407]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
description of this species. Thus, the notion that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC36FA5EA156C2D4" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[944,1051,1415,1439]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC36FA5EA156C2D4" box="[944,1051,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in the Cenomanian is rejected. Other than its 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FBCCFA7FA135C28A" box="[1098,1144,1449,1473]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
description, the only other mentions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC39FA1DA102C2A9" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[959,1103,1483,1506]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC39FA1DA102C2A9" box="[959,1103,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature are from the Iranian Zagros (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FB9FFA3DA625C16F" author="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="104380" refId="ref102703" refString="Yazdi-Moghadam, M. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2020. Persiconus sarvaki gen. et sp. nov., a new complex orbitolinid (Foraminifera) from the Cenomanian of the Sarvak Formation (SW Iran, Zagros Zone). Cretaceous Research, 109: 104380." type="journal article" year="2020">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, 2020</bibRefCitation>
, as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC22F9DBA105C16F" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[932,1096,1548,1572]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC22F9DBA6FBC16F" box="[932,950,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
.? 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC55F9DBA105C16F" box="[979,1096,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FBCEF9DBA102C16F" box="[1096,1103,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">”</emphasis>
), where the specimens would be better assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB98F9F8A1C7C10E" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[1054,1162,1581,1605]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB98F9F8A1C7C10E" box="[1054,1162,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on size and morphology. The 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FF9CA256FC4EF999A14DC12C" box="[968,1024,1615,1639]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FBA1F999A1F8C12D" ID-CoL="9GQQL" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[1063,1205,1615,1638]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FBA1F999A1F8C12D" box="[1063,1205,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
need to be examined and re-illustrated as part of a taxonomic re-evaluation of 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCB6F946A10DC1E3" box="[816,1088,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCB6F946A69DC1E3" authorityName="Barrier &amp; Neumann" authorityYear="1959" box="[816,976,1680,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Nummofallotia</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC5AF946A10DC1E3" ID-CoL="7ZVVL" authorityName="Bilotte &amp; Decrouez" authorityYear="1979" box="[988,1088,1680,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Murgeina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and this taxon is not considered further herein. (As this paper was going to press, Schlagintweit et al. (2023) published a review of this species (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FC1BF923A118C047" ID-CoL="82YZD" baseAuthorityName="Luperto Sinni" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[925,1109,1780,1804]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FC1BF923A118C047" box="[925,1109,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Murgeina apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with illustration from the Cenomanian Sarvak Formation of the Iranian Zagros.) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FCB6F8E0A041C005" authority="Ozgen Erdem" authorityName="Ozgen Erdem" box="[816,1292,1846,1870]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kastomonica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FCB6F8E0A128C005" box="[816,1125,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Nummofallotia kastomonica</emphasis>
Özgen Erdem
</taxonomicName>
is an upper Maastrichtian species described from northern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9CA256FAC9F881A0D1C024" box="[1359,1436,1879,1903]" name="Turkey" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9CA256FCBEF8AEA155C0DB" author="Ozgen Erdem, N." box="[824,1048,1912,1936]" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" pagination="31 - 37" refId="ref92448" refString="Ozgen Erdem, N., 2001. Nummofallotia kastamonica n. sp., (Foraminifera) a new species from the Upper Maastrichtian of Devrekani (Kastamonu-Turkey). Revue Paleobiologie, 20 (1): 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="2001">Özgen Erdem, 2001</bibRefCitation>
). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9CA256FB55F8AFA07FC0DB" ID-CoL="82YZD" baseAuthorityName="Luperto Sinni" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1235,1330,1912,1936]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Murgeina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9CA256FB55F8AFA07FC0DB" box="[1235,1330,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="108">N. apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by virtue of its large size (stated diameter 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9CA256FB16F84FA077C0FA" box="[1168,1338,1945,1969]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="69" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="1.02" valueMin="0.43">0.43 – 1.02 mm</quantity>
; a possible expression of Cope’s Rule?), tighter coiling, greater number of whorls and chambers, straight septa, and smaller umbo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF336628FF9FA255FE3EFC43A131C4E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834299" box="[440,1148,917,939]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834299/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="109" startId="70.[440,473,917,938]" targetBox="[170,1384,167,908]" targetPageId="70" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9FA255FE3EFC43A131C4E0" blockId="70.[440,1148,917,939]" box="[440,1148,917,939]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9FA255FE3EFC43A4B0C4E1" bold="true" box="[440,509,917,938]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">Fig. 55</emphasis>
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9FA255FC31FC43A138C4E0" authorityName="Cherchi &amp; Schroeder" authorityYear="1986" box="[951,1141,917,939]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Cornuspiridae" genus="Vidalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="70" pageNumber="109" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="radoicicae">Vidalina radoicicae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336628FF9FA255FF18F865A79BC0AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834301/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="109" startId="70.[158,191,1971,1992]" targetBox="[171,1419,1015,1949]" targetPageId="70" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9FA255FF18F865A79BC0AD" blockId="70.[158,1400,1970,2023]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9FA255FF18F865A5AEC083" bold="true" box="[158,227,1971,1992]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">Fig. 56</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9FA255FD89F864A7AAC083" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[527,743,1970,1992]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="70" pageNumber="109" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9FA255FD89F864A7AAC083" box="[527,743,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">Nummofallotia? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9FA255FD72F865A64DC083" bold="true" box="[756,768,1971,1992]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">a</emphasis>
Equatorial section, Saint-Marc (1974, pl. XIII, fig. 16, Lebanon); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9FA255FF18F807A5E6C0AD" bold="true" box="[158,171,2001,2022]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109">b</emphasis>
Axial section, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9FA255FEBBF807A4A4C0AC" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[317,489,2001,2023]" pageId="70" pageNumber="109" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref95980" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Sur quelques foraminiferes Cenomaniens et Turoniens du Liban. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 13 (2): 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="1970">Saint-Marc (1970</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 12, Lebanon).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9EA254FF11FF48A77FC7B3" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11FF48A4E5C7FD" blockId="71.[151,424,158,182]" box="[151,424,158,182]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Stratigraphic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11FF36A77FC7B3" blockId="71.[151,772,224,1605]" box="[151,562,224,248]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Middle Cenomanian –?Maastrichtian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9EA254FF11FED4A482C10E" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11FED4A46BC54A" blockId="71.[151,772,224,1605]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FF11FED4A446C652" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,267,257,281]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FF11FED4A446C652" box="[151,267,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from the “upper Senonian” (possibly Maastrichtian but probably no younger than middle Campanian) of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FD1FFE95A787C610" box="[665,714,323,347]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD5DFE95A414C637" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref88220" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1968. Nummofallotia apula n. sp. Foraminifero del Cretaceo superiore delle Murge. Bollettino della Societa dei naturalisti in Napoli, 77: 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Luperto-Sinni, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). It appears to have an unusually long stratigraphic range almost throughout the Late Cretaceous (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF5FFE71A705C6F4" author="Luperto-Sinni, E. &amp; Ricchetti, G." box="[217,584,423,447]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="561 - 666" refId="ref88254" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E. &amp; Ricchetti, G., 1978. Studio micropaleontologico-stratigrafico di una successione carbonatica del Cretaceo Superiore rilevata nel sottosuolo delle Murge Sud-Orientali. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 84 (3): 561 - 666." type="journal article" year="1978">Luperto-Sinni &amp; Ricchetti, 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FDDFFE71A7B3C6F4" author="Perugini, G." box="[601,766,423,447]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" refId="ref93033" refString="Perugini, G., 2006. Biostratigrafia a foraminiferi del giacimento as impronte di dinosaur del Cretaceo superi- or vicino Altamura (Bari, Italia meridionale). Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Rome." type="book" year="2006">Perugini, 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF11FE1EA455C6AB" author="Velic, I." box="[151,280,456,480]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref101499" refString="Velic, I., 2007. Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geologia Croatica, 60 (1): 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Velić, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FEA5FE1EA49CC6AB" author="Sari, B. &amp; Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S." box="[291,465,456,480]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="393 - 425" refId="ref96523" refString="Sari, B., Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S., 2009. Benthonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian-Coniacian) Sequences of the Bey Daglari Carbonate Platform, Western Taurides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 393 - 425." type="journal article" year="2009">Sari et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
), but its FAD lies within the Cenomanian.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11FDDCA482C10E" blockId="71.[151,772,224,1605]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">
Unillustrated records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FE18FDDDA744C569" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[414,521,522,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FE18FDDDA744C569" box="[414,521,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Barremian of the Iranian Zagros (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FEE9FDFDA77EC508" author="Abyat, A. &amp; Baghbani, D. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Ghadimvand, N. K. &amp; Afsari, S." box="[367,563,555,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" refId="ref70293" refString="Abyat, A., Baghbani, D., Afghah, M., Ghadimvand, N. K. &amp; Afsari, S., 2016. Neocomian - Barremian foraminifers and algae from Coastal Fars (South Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, DOI 10.1007 / s 12517 - 015 - 2128 - 5" type="book" year="2016">Abyat et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
) must be discounted, as probably should the comment by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FDCBFD9AA592C5CE" author="Keshavarzi, M. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Asadi, A. &amp; Shirazi, M. P. N." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref86416" refString="Keshavarzi, M., Afghah, M., Asadi, A. &amp; Shirazi, M. P. N., 2021. Albian Biozonation and Facies Analysis of the west of Shiraz (Nour Abad area, Southwest Iran). Himalayan Geology, 41 (1): 105 - 114." type="journal article" year="2021">Keshavarzi et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
that the oldest occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FDA0FDB8A7DCC5CE" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[550,657,621,645]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FDA0FDB8A7DCC5CE" box="[550,657,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
marks the base of the Sarvak Formation in the Iranian Zagros which would place it close to the Albian/Cenomanian boundary (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF18FD07A4D2C5A2" author="Bromhead, A. D. &amp; van Buchem, F. S. P. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Davies, R." box="[158,415,721,745]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="119 - 162" refId="ref75589" refString="Bromhead, A. D., van Buchem, F. S. P., Simmons, M. D. &amp; Davies, R. B, 2022. Sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, and petroleum plays of the Cenomanian-Turonian succession of the Arabian Plate. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 45 (2): 119 - 162." type="journal article" year="2022">Bromhead et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
). No illustration is provided. A Lower Cenomanian record by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE60FD24A799C441" author="Radoicic, R. &amp; Radulovic, V. &amp; Rabrenovic, D. &amp; Radulovic, B." box="[486,724,754,778]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="73 - 93" refId="ref94129" refString="Radoicic, R., Radulovic, V., Rabrenovic, D. &amp; Radulovic, B., 2010. The age of the brachiopod limestones from Guca, western Serbia. Geoloski anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 71: 73 - 93." type="journal article" year="2010">Radoičić et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
can be reassessed as middle Cenomanian based on associated fauna. Finally, a record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FE42FCE3A77CC407" ID-CoL="833P4" authorityName="Luperto-Sinni" authorityYear="1968" box="[452,561,820,844]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="apula">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FE42FCE3A77CC407" box="[452,561,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">N.? apula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Yamama Formation of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FE1AFC80A48AC426" box="[412,455,854,877]" name="Iraq" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE5DFC83A583C4C5" author="Al-Hassani, M. &amp; Al-Dulaimi, S." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1570 - 1586" refId="ref71097" refString="Al-Hassani, M. &amp; Al-Dulaimi, S., 2021. Biostratigraphy of Yamama Formation in Faihaa Oil Field, Southern Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science, 62 (5): 1570 - 1586. DOI: 10.24996 / ijs. 2021.62.5.20" type="journal article" year="2021">Al-Hassani &amp; Al-Dulaimi, 2021</bibRefCitation>
) which is Berriasian – Valanginian in age (although the authors describe the material as “early Aptian”) illustrates a fragmentary specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FD82FC6EA7E8C49B" box="[516,677,952,976]" class="Globothalamea" family="Haplophragmoididae" genus="Lenticulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FD82FC6EA730C49B" box="[516,637,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Lenticulina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FD4DFC6FA442C4BA" class="Globothalamea" family="Epistominidae" genus="Epistomina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Robertinida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FD4DFC6FA5ACC4BA" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Epistomina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Although many records are from the late Cenomanian, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FEAAFC2CA750C359" author="Bachmann, M. &amp; Bassiouni, M. A. A. &amp; Kuss, J." box="[300,541,1018,1042]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="131 - 162" refId="ref73048" refString="Bachmann, M., Bassiouni, M. A. A. &amp; Kuss, J., 2003. Timing of mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform depositional cycles, northern Sinai, Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 200: 131 - 162." type="journal article" year="2003">Bachmann et al. (2003</bibRefCitation>
- unillustrated) using graphic correlation between sections in 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FDCDFBCAA7C6C37F" box="[587,651,1052,1076]" name="Egypt" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Egypt</collectingCountry>
positioned the FAD at or close to the early-middle Cenomanian boundary (following 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE06FB8BA70CC33E" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[384,577,1117,1141]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref96132" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1978. Biostratigraphy of Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian of Lebanon. Annales Mines et Geologie, Tunis, 28: 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1978">Saint-Marc, 1978</bibRefCitation>
; Luperto-Sinni in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF11FBA9A497C3DC" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." box="[151,474,1151,1175]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE68FBA9A7FAC3DD" author="Chiocchini, M." box="[494,695,1151,1175]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="171 - 202" refId="ref76776" refString="Chiocchini, M., 2008 a. New benthic foraminifers (Miliolacea and Soritacea) from the Cenomanian and Upper Turonian of the Monte Cairo (Southern Latium, Central Italy). Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 84: 171 - 202." type="journal article" year="2008">Chiocchini (2008a</bibRefCitation>
- unillustrated) showed a short range for the species in the lowest part of the “late” Cenomanian (Chiocchini used only early and late subdivisions of the Cenomanian which would suggest this range FAD is approximately within the chronostratigraphic middle Cenomanian). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD0DFAF2A453C216" author="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="85 - 132" refId="ref82188" refString="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J., 2013. Stratigraphic control of the Aptian - Early Turonian sequences of the Levant Platform, Coastal Range, northwest Syria. GeoArabia, 18 (4): 85 - 132." type="journal article" year="2013">Ghanem &amp; Kuss (2013)</bibRefCitation>
showed the range of this species (although they illustrated it as cf.) extending into the (upper) middle Cenomanian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FEC2FA51A432C2D4" box="[324,383,1415,1439]" name="Syria" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Syria</collectingCountry>
, calibrated by planktonic foraminifera. A similar FAD was placed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD99FA7FA64EC28A" author="Schlagintweit, F." box="[543,771,1449,1473]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="327 - 353" refId="ref96643" refString="Schlagintweit, F., 1992. Benthonische foraminiferen aus flachwasserkarbonaten der Oberkreide der Nordlichen Kalkalpen (Gosauschichtgruppe, Osterreich). Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 84: 327 - 353." type="journal article" year="1992">Schlagintweit (1992)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FF51FA1CA465C2A9" box="[215,296,1482,1506]" name="Austria" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Austria</collectingCountry>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FEEFFA1CA71CC2A9" author="Simone, L. &amp; Bravi, S. &amp; Carannante, G. &amp; Masucci, I. &amp; Pomoni-Papaioannou, F." box="[361,593,1482,1506]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="6 - 23" refId="ref99377" refString="Simone, L., Bravi, S., Carannante, G., Masucci, I. &amp; Pomoni-Papaioannou, F., 2012. Arid versus wet climatic evidence in the &quot; middle Cretaceous &quot; calcareous successions of the Southern Apennines (Italy). Cretaceous Research, 36: 6 - 23." type="journal article" year="2012">Simone et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FD1AFA1CA79DC2A9" box="[668,720,1482,1506]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Italy</collectingCountry>
, although without independent calibration. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FDF2FA3DA593C16F" author="Bravi, S. &amp; Civile, D. &amp; Martino, C. &amp; Lumaga, M. R. B. &amp; Nardi, G." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="19 - 38" refId="ref75335" refString="Bravi, S., Civile, D., Martino, C., Lumaga, M. R. B. &amp; Nardi, G., 2004. Osservazioni geologiche e paleontologiche su di un orizzonte a piante fossili nel Cenomaniano di Monte Chianello (Appennino meridionale). Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 123: 19 - 38." type="journal article" year="2004">Bravi et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
plausibly illustrate this species from the middle Cenomanian of Central 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FE10F9FBA487C10E" box="[406,458,1581,1605]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9EA254FF11F9B9A766C182" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11F9B9A713C1CC" blockId="71.[151,606,1647,1671]" box="[151,606,1647,1671]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Cenomanian Paleogeographic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11F967A766C182" blockId="71.[150,772,1713,2068]" box="[151,555,1713,1737]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Caribbean/North Africa? - Neotethys.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFF9EA254FF11F904A690C460" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FF11F904A6A0C637" blockId="71.[150,772,1713,2068]" lastBlockId="71.[816,1437,158,811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">
References in Luperto-Sinni in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD87F904A592C047" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
indicate Cenomanian records from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FD23F922A64FC047" box="[677,770,1780,1804]" name="Lebanon" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF18F8C3A4A8C066" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." box="[158,485,1813,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE75F8C3A7E0C066" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[499,685,1813,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref95980" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Sur quelques foraminiferes Cenomaniens et Turoniens du Liban. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 13 (2): 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="1970">Saint-Marc 1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD3DF8C3A7B0C067" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[699,765,1813,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">
1974 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD77F8C3A7B0C067" author="Arnaud, A. &amp; Berthout &amp; Brunt, L. &amp; Cherchi, A. &amp; Chiocchini, M. &amp; De Castro, P." box="[753,765,1813,1836]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="383 - 393" refId="ref72126" refString="Arnaud, A., Berthout, Brunt, L., Cherchi, A., Chiocchini, M., De Castro, P. &amp; 9 others, 1981. Tableau de repartition stratigraphique des grands foraminiferes caracteristiques du Cretace Moyen de la region Mediterraneenne. Cretaceous Research, 2: 383 - 393." type="journal article" year="1981">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1981), 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FF6CF8E0A478C005" box="[234,309,1846,1870]" name="Greece" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FECDF8E0A74DC005" author="Decrouez, D." box="[331,512,1846,1870]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" refId="ref79186" refString="Decrouez, D., 1975. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique du Cretace d'Argolide (Peloponnese septentrional, Grece). Unpublished PhD thesis, Universite de Geneve, 259 pp." type="book" year="1975">Decrouez, 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 1977; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FDDBF8E0A582C024" author="Charvet, J. &amp; Decrouez, D. &amp; Polsak, A." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="247 - 258" refId="ref76438" refString="Charvet, J., Decrouez, D. &amp; Polsak, A., 1976. Le Cretace du Foniakos (Argolide, Grece): examen paleontologique, repercussions stratigraphiques, paleogeographiques et tectoniques. Archives des Sciences, 29 (3): 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1976">Charvet et al., 1976</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FED1F881A4A0C024" author="Fleury, J. - J." box="[343,493,1879,1903]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref81053" refString="Fleury, J. - J., 1971. Le Cenomanien a foraminiferes benthoniques du Massif du Varassova (zone de Gavrovo, Akarnanie, Grece continentale). Revue de Micropaleontologie, 14 (3): 181 - 194." type="journal article" year="1971">Fleury, 1971</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FDC0F881A7C7C024" box="[582,650,1879,1903]" name="Serbia" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD23F881A594C0DB" author="Radoicic, R." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref93957" refString="Radoicic, R., 1974 a. Microfossil assemblage in Upper Cretaceous sediments of Crnoljevo and Drenica with paleogeography of the area. Glas SANU, 289 (36): 127 - 141." type="journal article" year="1974">Radoičić 1974a</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, records confirmed by definite or plausible illustration include 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FE48F84FA4B2C0FA" box="[462,511,1945,1969]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD8BF84FA7BEC0FA" author="Benedetti, G. &amp; Bruzzechesse, M. &amp; Ciarabellina, M. &amp; Michele, D. L. &amp; Ferfoglia, P. &amp; Gergolet, E. &amp; Juren, I. &amp; Mania, G. &amp; Miliavaz, S. &amp; Tentor, M. &amp; Visentin, D. &amp; Zoff, A." box="[525,755,1945,1969]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref73662" refString="Benedetti, G., Bruzzechesse, M., Ciarabellina, M., Michele, D. L., Ferfoglia, P., Gergolet, E., Juren, I., Mania, G., Miliavaz, S., Tentor, M., Visentin, D. &amp; Zoff, A., 2000. Litostraigrafia delle Cavita naturali con profundita superior ai 50 metri sul Carso Isontino. Bulletin Gruppo Speleologico Monfalconese Amici del Fante Jamarski Klub Kraski KRTI - G. S. Talpe del Carso. pp. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2000">Benedetti et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
), south-east 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FE8DF86CA415C099" box="[267,344,1978,2002]" name="Turkey" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Özcan &amp; Altiner 2019); and the Iranian Zagros (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FE93F80DA709C0B8" author="Sartorio, D. &amp; Venturini, S." box="[277,580,2011,2035]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" refId="ref96576" refString="Sartorio, D., &amp; Venturini, S., 1988. Southern Tethys Biofacies. Agip S. p. A., 235 pp." type="book" year="1988">Sartorio &amp; Venturini, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FDD5F80DA582CF5F" author="Jamalpour, M. &amp; Hamdi, B. &amp; Armoon, A." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="101 - 110" refId="ref85076" refString="Jamalpour, M., Hamdi, B. &amp; Armoon, A., 2018. Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of well numbers 9 and 17 in Binak Oilfield in the southwest of Iran. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 63 (1): 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="2018">Jamalpour et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FF65F82AA4A2CF5F" author="Kiarostami, K. &amp; Baghbani, D. &amp; Aleali, S. M. &amp; Aghanabati, S. A. &amp; Parandavar, M." box="[227,495,2044,2068]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref86516" refString="Kiarostami, K., Baghbani, D., Aleali, S. M., Aghanabati, S. A. &amp; Parandavar, M., 2019. Investigation of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic of the Sarvak Formation at type section. Geosciences, 29 (113): 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="2019">Kiarostami et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FD82F82AA7B0CF5F" author="Mohajer, M. D. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Dehghanian, M. &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S." box="[516,765,2044,2068]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1647 - 1667" refId="ref90286" refString="Mohajer, M. D., Afghah, M., Dehghanian, M., &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S., 2021 a. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak Formation at Pyun Anticline (Zagros Basin, Southwest of Iran). Acta Geologica Sinica, 95 (5): 1647 - 1667." type="journal article" year="2021">Mohajer et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FCB6FF48A639C7FE" author="Mohajer, M. D. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Dehghanian, M. &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S." box="[816,884,158,182]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="877 - 902" refId="ref90404" refString="Mohajer, M. D., Afghah, M., Dehghanian, M., &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S., 2022 a. Biozonation of Foraminifera and Oligosteginids of Late Albian-Middle Turonian at south flank of Khumi Anticline (East of Izeh Zone). Advanced Applications in Geology, 11 (4): 877 - 902." type="journal article" year="2022">2022a</bibRefCitation>
, b; an illustration by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FBE6FF48A0D0C7FD" author="Mohseni, H. &amp; Javanmard, R. Z." box="[1120,1437,158,182]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="104025" refId="ref90729" refString="Mohseni, H. &amp; Javanmard, R. Z., 2020. New data on sequence stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation in Malekshahi city, (Ilam province) Zagros basin, Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 112, 104025 https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpetgeo. 2019.104035" type="journal article" year="2020">Mohseni &amp; Javanmard, 2020</bibRefCitation>
is uncertain). Illustrations from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FB1EFF69A1A5C79C" box="[1176,1256,191,215]" name="Tunisia" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FB7DFF69A62BC7B3" author="Bismuth, H. &amp; Boltenhagen, C. &amp; Donze, P. &amp; Le Fevre, J. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="193 - 267" refId="ref74588" refString="Bismuth, H., Boltenhagen, C., Donze, P., Le Fevre, J. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1981. Middle and Upper Cretaceous in the Djebel Semmama (northern Central Tunisia): microstratigraphy and sedimentological evolution. Bulletin Centres Recherches Exploration-Production, Elf-Aquitaine, 5 (2): 193 - 267." type="journal article" year="1981">Bismuth et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FC23FF36A690C7B3" box="[933,989,224,248]" name="Syria" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Syria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FC6AFF36A1ADC7B3" author="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J." box="[1004,1248,224,248]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="85 - 132" refId="ref82188" refString="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J., 2013. Stratigraphic control of the Aptian - Early Turonian sequences of the Levant Platform, Coastal Range, northwest Syria. GeoArabia, 18 (4): 85 - 132." type="journal article" year="2013">Ghanem &amp; Kuss 2013</bibRefCitation>
– as cf.), may be more compatible with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FBAEFED4A1FAC652" authorityName="Luperto Sinni" authorityYear="1998" box="[1064,1207,258,281]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nautiloculinidae" genus="Nummofallotia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cenomana">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FBAEFED4A1FAC652" box="[1064,1207,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">N. cenomana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on their small size (diameter 
<quantity id="4CB49B45FF9EA254FC56FEF4A12AC671" box="[976,1127,290,314]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2 – 0.3 mm</quantity>
). Another record from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FAE7FEF4A600C610" name="Tunisia" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FCE6FE95A100C610" author="Abdallah, H. L. &amp; Memmi, L. &amp; Damotte, R. &amp; Rat, P. &amp; Magniez-Jannin, F." box="[864,1101,323,347]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="487 - 538" refId="ref70204" refString="Abdallah, H. L., Memmi, L., Damotte, R. Rat, P. &amp; Magniez-Jannin, F., 1995. La Cretace de la chaine nord des Chotts (Tunisie du centre-sud): biostratigraphie et comparaison avec les regions voisines. Cretaceous Research, 16: 487 - 538." type="journal article" year="1995">Abdallah et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
) is more likely 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FF9EA254FA82FE95A6A0C637" authority="Neumann." authorityName="Neumann." class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Charentia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cuvillieri">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FF9EA254FA82FE95A63AC637" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Charentia cuvillieri</emphasis>
Neumann.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FCB6FE53A16BC5A2" blockId="71.[816,1437,158,811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">
Cenomanian records from other locations but unconfirmed by illustration include 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FBF9FE71A1FAC6F4" box="[1151,1207,423,447]" name="Cuba" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(Diaz Otero, 1985); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FCB6FE1EA6CFC6AB" box="[816,898,456,480]" name="Mexico" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FC17FE1EA13BC6AB" author="Michaud, F. &amp; Fourcade, E. &amp; Gutierrez-Coutino, R." box="[913,1142,456,480]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref89544" refString="Michaud, F., Fourcade, E. &amp; Gutierrez-Coutino, R., 1984. Pseudorhapydionina chiapanensis nov. sp. nouveau foraminifere du Cenomanien du Mexique. Geobios, 17 (1): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1984">Michaud et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FB04FE1EA62BC54A" author="Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Medrano, M. &amp; Barcelo-Duarte, J." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="661 - 686" refId="ref83861" refString="Hernandez-Romano, U., Aguilera-Franco, N., Martinez- Medrano, M. &amp; Barcelo-Duarte, J., 1997. Guerrero-Morelos Platform drowning at the Cenomanian - Turonian boundary, Huitziltepec area, Guerrero State, southern Mexico. Cretaceous Research, 18: 661 - 686." type="journal article" year="1997">Hernández-Romano et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FCFDFE3FA13AC54A" author="Aguilera-Franco, N." box="[891,1143,489,513]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" refId="ref70663" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., 2000. High Resolution Stratigraphy and Palaeoecology of the Cenomanian-Turonian Succession, Southern Mexico. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, London." type="book" year="2000">Aguilera-Franco, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FB0CFE3FA6E8C569" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref70580" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P., 2004. Events of the Cenomanian-Turonian succession, southern Mexico. Journal of Iberian Geology, 31: 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2004">Aguilera-Franco &amp; Allison, 2004</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FC46FDDDA16DC569" box="[960,1056,523,546]" name="Morocco" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(El-Kadiri et al., 2003, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FACFFDDCA687C508" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="81 - 97" refId="ref93458" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C., 2013. Cenomanian rotaliids (Foraminiferida) from Oman and Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132: 81 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Piuz &amp; Meister, 2013</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FC5AFDFAA156C50F" box="[988,1051,556,580]" name="Egypt" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FBACFDFDA052C508" author="Bachmann, M. &amp; Bassiouni, M. A. A. &amp; Kuss, J." box="[1066,1311,555,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="131 - 162" refId="ref73048" refString="Bachmann, M., Bassiouni, M. A. A. &amp; Kuss, J., 2003. Timing of mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform depositional cycles, northern Sinai, Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 200: 131 - 162." type="journal article" year="2003">Bachmann et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; an illustration by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FC02FD9AA149C52F" author="Orabi, O. H." box="[900,1028,588,612]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="281 - 291" refId="ref92289" refString="Orabi, O. H., 1992. Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Wadi Watir, southeastern Sinai, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East), 15 (2): 281 - 291." type="journal article" year="1992">Orabi, 1992</bibRefCitation>
is uncertain); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FB26FD9BA186C52F" box="[1184,1227,589,612]" name="Iraq" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FB5FFD9AA624C5CE" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Brun, L." pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref82941" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Brun, L., 1974. Taxonomy and stratigraphy of the genus Cycledomia (Foram.). Bulletin Centre Recherches, 8 (1): 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1974">Hamaoui &amp; Brun, 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FCF1FDB8A1CFC5CE" author="Bernaus, J. M. &amp; Masse, P." box="[887,1154,621,645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="471 - 476" refId="ref73827" refString="Bernaus, J. M. &amp; Masse, P., 2007. Carinoconus iraqiensis (Foraminifera), a new orbitolinid from the Cenomani- an Mishrif Formation of the oil fields of southeastern Iraq. Micropaleontology, 52 (5): 471 - 476." type="journal article" year="2007">Bernaus &amp; Masse, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FB09FDBBA013C5CE" author="Mahdi, T. A. &amp; Aqrawi, A. A. M. &amp; Horbury, A. &amp; Sherwani, G. H." box="[1167,1374,621,645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="139 - 174" refId="ref88407" refString="Mahdi, T. A., Aqrawi, A. A. M., Horbury, A. &amp; Sherwani, G. H., 2013. Sedimentological characterization of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif reservoir in southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq. GeoArabia, 18 (1): 139 - 174." type="journal article" year="2013">Mahdi et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FAF5FDB8A61AC5ED" name="Jordan" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(Schulze 2003, Schulze et al., 2004) and the 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FF9EA254FADAFD58A0D0C5ED" box="[1372,1437,654,678]" name="Oman" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Oman</collectingCountry>
Mountains (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FC35FD79A163C58C" author="Rabu, D." box="[947,1070,687,711]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref93725" refString="Rabu, D., 1993. (Co-ordinator) Stratigraphy and structure of the Oman Mountains. BRGM no 221, pp. 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1993">Rabu 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FBBAFD79A0D5C58C" author="Al-Balushi, S. A. K. &amp; Macquaker, J. H. S." box="[1084,1432,687,711]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 84" refId="ref70868" refString="Al-Balushi, S. A. K. &amp; Macquaker, J. H. S., 2011. Sedimentological evidence for bottom-water oxygenation during deposition of the Natih-B Member intrashelfbasinal sediments: Upper Cretaceous carbonate source rock, Natih Formation, North Sultanate of Oman. GeoArabia, 16 (2): 47 - 84. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / geoarabia 160247" type="journal article" year="2011">Al-Balushi &amp; Macquaker, 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FF9EA254FCB6FD07A156C5A2" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C." box="[816,1051,721,745]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110" pagination="81 - 97" refId="ref93458" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C., 2013. Cenomanian rotaliids (Foraminiferida) from Oman and Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132: 81 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Piuz &amp; Meister, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FF9EA254FCB6FD24A690C460" blockId="71.[816,1437,158,811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="110">Localities from strata younger than Cenomanian are not included herein.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>