501 lines
71 KiB
XML
501 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="97A48823F6684F3F80FAEC8E20A4D765" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00403.2017" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626571" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707249913154" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Carrera, Marcelo G., Rustán, Juan Jose, Vaccari, N. Emilio & Ezpeleta, Miguel" docDate="2018" docId="03FB406E720DFFC62E37FDB2558ABBA1" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.63.1.63-70.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00403.2017" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Minitaspongia parvis Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFC23816720FFFC32D69FF9E5732BC09" masterDocTitle="A new Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Gondwana: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1713564510353" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DFF805ACB5A37C18DC89D0F34B01FD72">A new Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Gondwana: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="391CC454E59A6EC2326C37A50685A5A0">Carrera, Marcelo G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A7A4B512AB4A5700AFB219898F84943">Rustán, Juan Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19722447ED86E5A763CA81223C320DDF">Vaccari, N. Emilio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9A3DA91EA5E579877BB0D7DA5D72416">Ezpeleta, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="99A4556244629094A9743D9799D3C87E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D71577BFCD3D582F2938CCDC306C704A">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9C8B4DEF2C203D44A9991C24959DAC64">
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<mods:date id="A97D69EBC2CCEFCBFAAA7C5FAC170A86">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F953C508AEC41818B578B387F565D04C">2018-02-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FB406E720DFFC62E37FDB2558ABBA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB406E720DFFC62E37FDB2558ABBA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB406E720DFFC62E37FDB2558ABBA1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C348A2F3720DFFC12E37FDB253E9BE41" box="[862,1243,556,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FDB253E9BE41" blockId="2.[862,1243,556,584]" box="[862,1243,556,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0A54614720DFFC12E37FDB253E9BE41" box="[862,1243,556,584]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720DFFC12E37FDB25342BE41" authority="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta, 2018" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[862,1136,556,584]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parvis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FDB25342BE41" box="[862,1136,556,584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Minitaspongia parvis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2159011720DFFC12911FDB253E9BE41" box="[1144,1243,556,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348A2F3720DFFC72E37FDC75345B855" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FDC7548FBE67" blockId="2.[862,957,601,622]" box="[862,957,601,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720DFFC12E37FDC75493BE67" box="[862,929,601,622]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720DFFC12EC2FDC7548BBE67" box="[939,953,601,622]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,881,901]" captionTargetBox="[325,1404,161,857]" captionTargetId="figure-577@4.[280,1405,161,857]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Schematic reconstruction of the complete sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen et. sp. nov. B. The spicule framework of the wall as main parts of the vertical and horizontal bands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626577/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FD1E523DBE9C" blockId="2.[862,1295,640,661]" box="[862,1295,640,661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FD1E54F7BE9C" box="[862,965,640,661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Etymology</emphasis>
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: From Latin
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<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720DFFC1292DFD1E53B2BE9C" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[1092,1152,640,661]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parvis">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC1292DFD1E53B2BE9C" box="[1092,1152,640,661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">parvis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, small, young.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FD3F5235BEDA" blockId="2.[862,1536,673,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FD3F54D3BEBF" box="[862,993,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Type material</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3AFB25720DFFC12E84FD3F52CEBEBF" box="[1005,1532,673,694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="PULR-I 4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12E84FD3F5378BEBF" box="[1005,1098,673,694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBF45903720DFFC1293BFD3F5383BEBF" box="[1106,1201,673,694]" collectionCode="PULR-I" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">PULR-I 4</specimenCode>
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nearly complete sponge specimen
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B3AFB25720DFFC12E37FD205231BEDA" box="[862,1283,702,723]" collectionCode="PULR-I" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="PULR-I 5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12E37FD205484BEDA" box="[862,950,702,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBF45903720DFFC12ED7FD20532DBEDA" box="[958,1055,702,723]" collectionCode="PULR-I" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">PULR-I 5</specimenCode>
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, fragmentary specimen
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FD7E5319BF43" blockId="2.[862,1535,736,842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FD7E54D2BEFC" box="[862,992,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Type locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3AFB25720DFFC12E8FFD7E5483BF24" country="Argentina" latitude="-28.774445" location="Sierra de las Minitas" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-68.74444" municipality="Minitas" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Rioja Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="8E8DA7A3720DFFC12E8FFD7E539EBEFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB406E720DFFC62E37FDB2558ABBA1:8E8DA7A3720DFFC12E8FFD7E539EBEFC" box="[998,1196,736,757]" country="Argentina" latitude="-28.774445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-68.74444" municipality="Minitas" name="Sierra de las Minitas" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="La Rioja Province">Sierra de las Minitas</location>
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section,
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<collectingRegion id="49963F9A720DFFC1286BFD7E5281BEFC" box="[1282,1459,736,757]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">La Rioja Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F345B1E8720DFFC128D2FD7E54B7BF18" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12EE6FD6254DABF18" box="[911,1000,764,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Holotype</typeStatus>
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comes from tectonic block 1 at GPS:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6697BF720DFFC12835FD6252FCBF18" box="[1372,1486,764,785]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-28.795277">28° 47 43 S</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6697BF720DFFC128B4FD625483BF24" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-68.75611">68° 45 22 W</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3AFB25720DFFC12ED1FC865314BF43" country="Argentina" latitude="-28.774445" location="Sierra de las Minitas" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-68.74444" municipality="Minitas" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Rioja Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12EADFC86532ABF24" box="[964,1048,792,813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Paratype</typeStatus>
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comes from tectonic block 2 at GPS
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6697BF720DFFC128ECFC8652C4BF24" box="[1413,1526,792,813]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-28.774445">
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28
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC128F4FC865295BF24" box="[1437,1447,792,813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">°</emphasis>
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46 28 S
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</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6697BF720DFFC12E37FCAB54E5BF43" box="[862,983,821,842]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-68.74444">
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68
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E1FFCAB54B2BF43" box="[886,896,821,842]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">°</emphasis>
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44 40 W
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</geoCoordinate>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720DFFC12E8DFCAB532EBF43" box="[996,1052,821,842]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1513,1533]" captionTargetBox="[105,1475,160,1488]" captionTargetId="graphics-270@1.[105,1144,161,1250]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of the studied area. B. Geological map and location of the studied section. The west flank of the Agua Quemada Syncline is divided in some tectonic blocks (1 and 2) by inverse and dextral strip faults. Sponges come from nodules of equivalent fine-grained dark stratigraphical intervals of the Agua de Lucho Formation (Tournaisian), cropping out under glacigenic diamictitic in both tectonic blocks. C. Stratigraphic column of the Agua de Lucho Formation and the location of the sponge-bearing levels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626573/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FCC954AFBFF3" blockId="2.[862,1535,855,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FCC954D4BF65" box="[862,998,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12E37FCC954B9BF65" box="[862,907,855,876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
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horizon:
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</emphasis>
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Agua de Lucho Formation, Tournaisian. The sponge comes from nodules within a thick black fossiliferous mudstone interval, approximately
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<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC1295AFC0E5393BFAC" box="[1075,1185,912,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100–150 m</quantity>
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underlying a diamictitic, glacigenic bed, and approximately
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<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12928FC32539FBFC8" box="[1089,1197,940,961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 m</quantity>
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below the record of the Tournaisian guide spore
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<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720DFFC12EBFFC565200BFD4" authority="Daemon, 1974" authorityName="Daemon" authorityYear="1974" box="[982,1330,968,989]" genus="Waltzispora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanzonii">
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<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12EBFFC5653AEBFD4" box="[982,1180,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Waltzispora lanzonii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720DFFC129CAFC565200BFD4" author="Daemon, R. F." box="[1187,1330,968,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" pagination="549 - 587" refId="ref5081" refString="Daemon, R. F. 1974. Palinomorfos-Guias do Devoniano Superior e Carbonifero Inferior das Bacias do Amazonas e Parnaiba. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 46: 549 - 587." type="journal article" year="1974">Daemon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720DFFC1280EFC5654A0BFF3" author="Prestianni, C. & Rustan, J. J. & Balseiro, D. & Vaccari, E. & Sterren, A. F. & Steemans, P. & Astini, R. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="65" pagination="210 - 219" refId="ref6189" refString="Prestianni, C., Rustan, J. J., Balseiro, D., Vaccari, E., Sterren, A. F., Steemans, P., and Astini, R. A. 2015. Early seed plants from Western Gondwana: Paleobiogeographical and ecological implications based on Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) records from Argentina. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 417: 210 - 219." type="journal article" year="2015">Prestianni et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FB93538FB82F" blockId="2.[862,1213,1037,1062]" box="[862,1213,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FB9354F2B82F" box="[862,960,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Material</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12E89FB93532BB82F" box="[992,1049,1037,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FBA754DBB95C" blockId="2.[862,1535,1081,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FBA754DDB85B" box="[862,1007,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
|
||
Obconical to palmate thysanodictyine sponge with subcylindrical base expanding upward to define a broad spongocoel, with a wall consisting of a few layers of spicules. Skeleton clathrate, three-dimensional with at least two ranks of rectangular openings. First order quadrules 2×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12817FB2452CCB8DA" box="[1406,1534,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the second order approximately 0.5×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12821FB455291B8FD" box="[1352,1443,1243,1268]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
across. Vertical tracts supported by two or three aligned long-rayed hexactins,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12EB3FA82530FB93C" box="[986,1085,1308,1333]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum length and a shorter ray 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12EE7FAA254D7B95C" box="[910,997,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12E37FAF952CDBA6A" blockId="2.[862,1535,1383,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720DFFC12E37FAF95330B989" box="[862,1026,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Description.—</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens are small, obconical to palmate sponges. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720DFFC12928FA165395B9A8" box="[1089,1191,1416,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, a nearly complete specimen, shows an upward-expanding obconical shape, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12ED8FA575335B9EB" box="[945,1031,1481,1506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. The specimen begins with a small cylindrical base
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12E96FA775367BA0B" box="[1023,1109,1513,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, apparently broken, from which the body expands abruptly in a fan or obconical shape reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12EAFF9B45327BA4A" box="[966,1045,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The walls are
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720DFFC12869F9B4526EBA4A" box="[1280,1372,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick and outline a wide and deep spongocoel that reaches almost to base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12EEDF9F55336BB4F" blockId="2.[862,1535,1383,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">The specimens lack nodes, wrinkles or other sculpture that typically characterizes other genera of the family. Externally, the mesh is marked by rectangular skeletal openings (defined mainly by impressions and limonite stains in silty matrix). The skeleton shows a tridimensional clathrate wall of regular vertical and horizontal blade-like skeletal straps.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720DFFC12EEDF8D052CDBBA1" blockId="2.[862,1535,1383,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">The wall consists of box-like meshes outlined by spicular bundles of hexactins and hexactine-based spicules. The skeletal grid has typical rectangular reticulation of dictyosponges;</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DA1F0720CFFC02D0BF952562FBBAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" startId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" targetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720CFFC02D0BF952562FBBAD" blockId="3.[98,1482,1740,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720CFFC02C01F9525519BAE9" authority="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta, 2018" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[360,555,1740,1760]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parvis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720CFFC02C01F9525519BAE9" box="[360,555,1740,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Minitaspongia parvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2159011720CFFC02F58F9525589BAE9" box="[561,699,1740,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720CFFC02DAFF97957E4BAF5" bold="true" box="[198,214,1767,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC0282FF893527CBB12" attach="right" box="[1350,1358,1805,1819]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">2</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720CFFC02809F89D525DBB11" bold="true" box="[1376,1391,1795,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02EE1F8B754A2BB3E" attach="left" box="[904,912,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">1</subScript>
|
||
); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02C67F8DB5624BB5A" attach="left" box="[270,278,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">2</subScript>
|
||
); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02935F8DB5356BB5A" attach="left" box="[1116,1124,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">3</subScript>
|
||
); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC0293AF8FF5369BB66" attach="left" box="[1107,1115,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">4</subScript>
|
||
); enlarged section of B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC0285BF8FF5208BB66" attach="left" box="[1330,1338,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">4</subScript>
|
||
showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02C9AF8E356C9BB82" attach="left" box="[499,507,1917,1931]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">5</subScript>
|
||
); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02D8CF80757DFBBAE" attach="left" box="[229,237,1945,1959]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">6</subScript>
|
||
, B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720CFFC02C6EF807563DBBAE" attach="left" box="[263,271,1945,1959]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">7</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72C4FFF3755CDBFF3" blockId="4.[294,319,169,201]" lastBlockId="4.[151,824,961,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72C4FFF37560DBCC0" bold="true" box="[294,319,169,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
with primary quadrules nearly
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72C92FC5F550CBFD3" box="[507,574,961,986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72FDDFC5F540ABFD3" box="[692,824,961,986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and spicule tracts of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72CD4FC7F5572BFF3" box="[445,576,993,1018]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72FE2FC7F55EABFF3" box="[651,728,993,1018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72F8AFC7F55C3BFF3" box="[739,753,993,1018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,881,901]" captionTargetBox="[325,1404,161,857]" captionTargetId="figure-577@4.[280,1405,161,857]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Schematic reconstruction of the complete sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen et. sp. nov. B. The spicule framework of the wall as main parts of the vertical and horizontal bands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DA1F0720BFFC72DFEFCEF56F4BFA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" startId="4.[151,184,881,901]" targetBox="[325,1404,161,857]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72DFEFCEF56F4BFA8" blockId="4.[151,1535,880,929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72DB1FCEE57DABF8C" bold="true" box="[216,232,880,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Schematic reconstruction of the complete sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72FD3FCEF544CBF8C" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[698,894,881,901]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parvis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72FD3FCEF544CBF8C" box="[698,894,881,901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Minitaspongia parvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen et. sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7297BFCEE5313BF8C" bold="true" box="[1042,1057,880,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
. The spicule framework of the wall as main parts of the vertical and horizontal bands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72DD4FB9F5540B932" blockId="4.[151,824,961,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Vertical tracts are coarse (tridimensional) and mainly supported by two or three aligned long-rayed hexactins (probably stauracts). These primary hexactines have a long vertical tangential ray,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72CC8FBFC5531B872" box="[417,515,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum length and a short tangential horizontal ray 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72F5AFB1C55BCB892" box="[563,654,1154,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, disposed perpendicularly to the vertical tracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72F4EFB3C554FB8B2" box="[551,637,1186,1211]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720BFFC72F17FB3355BAB8B7" attach="right" box="[638,648,1197,1214]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4</subScript>
|
||
–B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720BFFC72FC0FB335581B8B7" attach="left" box="[681,691,1197,1214]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7</subScript>
|
||
). The third axis, perpendicular to the sponge surface, appeared as a knob-like distal ray, the other end is uncertain, it probably continues to the interior of the wall, in which case the spicule is a pentactin not a stauract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72F6DFABC5565B932" box="[516,599,1314,1339]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720BFFC72F31FAB35550B937" attach="right" box="[600,610,1325,1342]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72DD4FADC540ABA55" blockId="4.[151,824,961,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Second order quadrules, are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72FC0FADC55CCB952" box="[681,766,1346,1371]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72DA2FAFD5617B975" box="[203,293,1379,1404]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. In well preserved patches small hexactins, with equal ray length (0.8–1.0 mm), have been observed as main part of the quadrules. In the external surface this second order quadrules occur as a cross-like center dividing the first order quadrules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72F73FA7D5543B9F5" box="[538,625,1507,1532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the periphery of the sponge wall a marginal concentration of second order quadrules, implies a more complex structure including fine autodermal and hypodermal quadrate meshes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72FCDF9DD55C7BA55" box="[676,757,1603,1628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72F9CF9D0542DBA55" box="[757,799,1603,1631]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1513,1533]" captionTargetBox="[105,1475,160,1488]" captionTargetId="graphics-270@1.[105,1144,161,1250]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of the studied area. B. Geological map and location of the studied section. The west flank of the Agua Quemada Syncline is divided in some tectonic blocks (1 and 2) by inverse and dextral strip faults. Sponges come from nodules of equivalent fine-grained dark stratigraphical intervals of the Agua de Lucho Formation (Tournaisian), cropping out under glacigenic diamictitic in both tectonic blocks. C. Stratigraphic column of the Agua de Lucho Formation and the location of the sponge-bearing levels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626573/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720BFFC72F9CF9D055CDBA56" attach="left" box="[757,767,1614,1631]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
–B
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720BFFC72E76F9D0541ABA56" box="[799,808,1614,1631]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,881,901]" captionTargetBox="[325,1404,161,857]" captionTargetId="figure-577@4.[280,1405,161,857]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Schematic reconstruction of the complete sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen et. sp. nov. B. The spicule framework of the wall as main parts of the vertical and horizontal bands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720BFFC72E76F9D0541ABA56" attach="left" box="[799,808,1614,1631]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72DFEF9F055F1BB61" blockId="4.[151,824,1646,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72DFEF9F057C8BA8E" box="[151,250,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72C68F9F0562BBA8E" box="[257,281,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">—</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens are included in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72DFEF91056C5BAAE" authority="Hall, 1882" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,503,1678,1703]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thysanodictyinae">
|
||
Thysanodictyinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72C1EF91056C5BAAE" author="Hall, J." box="[375,503,1678,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref5702" refString="Hall, J. 1882. Notes on the Family Disctyospongiidae. Issued in advanced of the 35 th Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 1884. Pl. 17 - 20 (with explanations)." type="journal article" year="1882">Hall, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72F04F910563FBACE" authority="Hall, 1882" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
|
||
Dictyospongiidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72DFEF930563FBACE" author="Hall, J." box="[151,269,1710,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref5702" refString="Hall, J. 1882. Notes on the Family Disctyospongiidae. Issued in advanced of the 35 th Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 1884. Pl. 17 - 20 (with explanations)." type="journal article" year="1882">Hall, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and are related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72C83F930542BBACE" authority="Hall, 1882" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[490,793,1710,1735]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72C83F93055A9BACE" box="[490,667,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72FCAF930542BBACE" author="Hall, J." box="[675,793,1710,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref5702" refString="Hall, J. 1882. Notes on the Family Disctyospongiidae. Issued in advanced of the 35 th Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 1884. Pl. 17 - 20 (with explanations)." type="journal article" year="1882">Hall, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72DFEF950550EBAEE" authority="Hall and Clarke, 1899" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,572,1742,1767]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Thysanodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72DFEF950560FBAEE" box="[151,317,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Thysanodictya</emphasis>
|
||
Hall and Clarke, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both genera exhibit a typical coarse ridge-like, quadrate mesh of spicule bundles based on pentactins and hexactins. This skeletal structure is uncommon among dictyosponges, which in general have very thin skeletons made of thin strap-like tracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72DD4F8F154DDBFF2" blockId="4.[151,824,1646,1960]" lastBlockId="4.[862,1535,961,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72DD4F8F15651BB81" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,355,1903,1928]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Thysanodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72DD4F8F15651BB81" box="[189,355,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Thysanodictya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72CF0F8F15578BB81" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[409,586,1903,1928]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72CF0F8F15578BB81" box="[409,586,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both have a clathrate or grid-like skeleton, which is three-dimensional with box-like mesh openings of at least two ranks in a very symmetrical pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72EEDFB9C5345B855" blockId="4.[862,1535,961,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72EEDFB9C5318B812" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[900,1066,1026,1051]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Thysanodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72EEDFB9C5318B812" box="[900,1066,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Thysanodictya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a discoidal base (wide basal disc), and a cylindrical morphology with big and rectangular, vertically oriented quadrules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348A2F3720BFFC72EEDFBFA52A6BAAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72EEDFBFA53D9BA0B" blockId="4.[862,1535,961,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72EEDFBFA530AB874" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[900,1080,1124,1149]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72EEDFBFA530AB874" box="[900,1080,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a conico-cylindrical sponge with coarse ridges and more quadrate openings. Hall and Clarke (1899) referred four species of Devonian and Carboniferous dictyosponges to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC729DDFB5B5255B8D7" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[1204,1383,1221,1246]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC729DDFB5B5255B8D7" box="[1204,1383,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition other four species were referred to the genus with question. Variation in grid sizes is significant and it was used for species differentiation: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720BFFC7290EFAB853ABB936" box="[1127,1177,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC7299EFAB854E4B969" authority="Hall, 1882" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7299EFAB852CDB936" box="[1271,1535,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia abacus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72E37FAD954E4B969" author="Hall, J." box="[862,982,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref5702" refString="Hall, J. 1882. Notes on the Family Disctyospongiidae. Issued in advanced of the 35 th Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 1884. Pl. 17 - 20 (with explanations)." type="journal article" year="1882">Hall, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a primary grid of 9
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7299AFAD95234B969" box="[1267,1286,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">×</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72864FAD95253B969" box="[1293,1377,1351,1376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72802FAD954D0B989" authority="(Hall 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72802FAD952CCB969" box="[1387,1534,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. fenestrata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72E0FFAF954E8B989" author="Hall, J." box="[870,986,1383,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="84 - 91" refId="ref5661" refString="Hall, J. 1863 Observations upon the genera Uphantaenia and Dictyophyton with notice of some species from the Chemung Group of New York and the Waberly sandstones of Ohio. New York State Cabinet 16: 84 - 91." type="journal article" year="1863">Hall 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72E99FAF95291B989" authority="Hall and Clarke, 1899" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[1008,1443,1383,1408]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caprodonta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72E99FAF953A5B989" box="[1008,1175,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. caprodonta</emphasis>
|
||
Hall and Clarke, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC7288DFAF9536FB9A8" authority="(Hall, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vascellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7288DFAF954FDB9A8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. vascellum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72EB4FA165367B9A8" author="Hall, J." box="[989,1109,1416,1441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refId="ref5792" refString="Hall, J. 1890. Fossil Dictyospongidae of the Devonian and Carboniferous formations, new forms of Dictyospongidae from rocks of the Chemung Group. Ninth Annual Report New York State Geologist, 56 - 60. Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Company v. Gaines, Albany." type="book" year="1890">Hall, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all have a coarser grid, ranging from 0.9
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72EEFFA3654ABB9C8" box="[902,921,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">×</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72EF6FA3654DDB9C8" box="[927,1007,1448,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, to a maximum of 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7298BFA3653C7B9C8" box="[1250,1269,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">×</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72995FA365279B9C8" box="[1276,1355,1448,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72804FA3652CCB9C8" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1389,1534,1448,1473]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vascellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72804FA3652CCB9C8" box="[1389,1534,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. vascellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the original spelling is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC72904FA5753CDB9EB" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1133,1279,1481,1506]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vascellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72904FA5753CDB9EB" box="[1133,1279,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. vascellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC7280AFA5752CAB9EB" box="[1379,1528,1481,1506]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bascellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7280AFA5752CAB9EB" box="[1379,1528,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C. bascellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72EB4FA7753ECBA0B" author="Rigby, J. K. & Keyes, R., Jr." box="[989,1246,1513,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="886 - 897" refId="ref6483" refString="Rigby, J. K. and Keyes, R., Jr. 1990. First Report of Hexactinellid Dictyosponges and other sponges from the Upper Mississippian Bangor Limestones, Northwestern Alabama. Journal of Paleontology 64: 886 - 897." type="journal article" year="1990">Rigby and Keyes 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72EEDF99752A6BAAD" blockId="4.[862,1535,961,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC72EEDF99753A7BA2B" author="Rigby, J. K. & Keyes, R., Jr." box="[900,1173,1545,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="886 - 897" refId="ref6483" refString="Rigby, J. K. and Keyes, R., Jr. 1990. First Report of Hexactinellid Dictyosponges and other sponges from the Upper Mississippian Bangor Limestones, Northwestern Alabama. Journal of Paleontology 64: 886 - 897." type="journal article" year="1990">Rigby and Keyes (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720BFFC7287BF997548CBA4A" authority="Rigby and Keys " class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bangorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC7287BF997548CBA4A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clathrospongia bangorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Mississippian of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49963F9A720BFFC7285AF9B452ABBA4A" box="[1331,1433,1578,1603]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
which is similar in its external morphology to the Argentinean species. However, the grid is bigger, 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC72987F9F55233BA8D" box="[1262,1281,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">×</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72861F9F5527BBA8D" box="[1288,1353,1643,1668]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
for the primary grid with second order openings 3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC72994F915520CBAAD" box="[1277,1342,1675,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348A2F3720BFFC62EEDF932558ABBA1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720BFFC72EEDF932523BBBA1" blockId="4.[862,1535,961,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
These grid sizes are considerably larger than the primary grid of our specimens (2.0
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720BFFC729F8F9525396BAEC" box="[1169,1188,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">×</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA5C9D720BFFC729C2F9525237BAEC" box="[1195,1285,1740,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). However, the size of the grid alone should not be taken as a reliable character. The reticulosans grew by expansion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720BFFC729BBF893525BBB2F" author="Botting, J. P." box="[1234,1385,1805,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="41 - 52" refId="ref4739" refString="Botting, J. P. 2003. Growth patterns of Early Palaeozoic sponges. Lethaia 36: 41 - 52." type="journal article" year="2003">Botting 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and skeletal dimensions will be dependent on growth stage. Only when the proportion of the quadrule sides is maintained in relation with other taxa known from larger specimens, a more confident comparison could be considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFF3E57F4BD30" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Other related genus is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62CF9FF3E5586BCB0" authority="Hall, 1884" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1884" box="[400,692,160,185]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Thamnodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62CF9FF3E5501BCB0" box="[400,563,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Thamnodictya</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62F54FF3E5586BCB0" author="Hall, J." box="[573,692,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refId="ref5745" refString="Hall, J. 1884. Description of the species of fossil reticulate sponges, constituting the family Dictyospongidae. Thirty-fifth Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History, 465 - 481. Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Company v. Gaines, Albany." type="book" year="1884">Hall, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has a very acute base that expands very rapidly given the sponge a fan-like appearance. This morphology is clearly different from the features observed in the Argentinean material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFEDE56F7BE93" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The Argentinean sponge is a small and probably young specimen. The clathrate skeleton, three-dimensional with at least two ranks of rectangular openings is shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62D0BFE3E563ABDB0" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[98,264,416,441]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Thysanodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62D0BFE3E563ABDB0" box="[98,264,416,441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Thysanodictya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62C20FE3E56C8BDB0" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[329,506,416,441]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62C20FE3E56C8BDB0" box="[329,506,416,441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the overall structure and arrangement of the quadrules in the wall, and their relative side dimensions are different from those seen in these genera. The vertical tracts supported by two or three aligned long-rayed hexactins could be considered as a distinct characteristic of the new genus. Unfortunately, there are no descriptions of the spicule details and size in the related genera of the subfamily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFD3F55A4BF53" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
There are very few records of preserved spicule net among the family. The Devonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62F6BFD5F57DEBEF3" authority="Rigby, 1970" authorityName="Rigby" authorityYear="1970" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Mattaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apache">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62F6BFD5F5431BED3" box="[514,771,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Mattaspongia apache</emphasis>
|
||
Rigby, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows spicule tracts composed of subparallel hexactines and smaller rhabdodiactines, that also occur as prostalia. This spicule net composition clearly differs from the structure observed in the Argentinean sponge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFCFF5559B852" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62C6BFCFF5570BF73" authority="Caster, 1939" authorityName="Caster" authorityYear="1939" box="[258,578,865,890]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Corticospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62C6BFCFF5683BF73" box="[258,433,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Corticospongia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62CDEFCFF5570BF73" author="Caster, K. E." box="[439,578,865,890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref5019" refString="Caster, K. E. 1939. Siliceous sponges from Mississippian and Devonian strata of the Penn-York Embayment. Journal of Paleontology 13: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1939">Caster, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belonging to the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62DB3FC1C5582BF92" authority="Hall and Clarke, 1899" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[218,688,898,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calathospongiinae">Calathospongiinae Hall and Clarke, 1899</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62FA8FC1C5621BFB2" author="Finks, R. M. & Rigby, J. K." pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="319 - E 556" refId="ref5389" refString="Finks, R. M. and Rigby, J. K. 2004. Paleozoic Hexactinellids. In: R. L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. E. Porifera (revised) 3. E 319 - E 556. Geological Society of America, Boulder and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2004">Finks and Rigby 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), shows preserved spicules forming the reticulate skeleton with main hexactine spicules similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62D17FC7C565FBFF2" authority="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta, 2018" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[126,365,994,1019]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parvis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62D17FC7C565FBFF2" box="[126,365,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Minitaspongia parvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2159011720AFFC62C1DFC7C552ABFF2" box="[372,536,994,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, a knoblike distal ray and a long main tangential ray but disposed horizontally. The general structure and the overall morphology of this form are clearly different from the Argentinean species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFBFC56D7B915" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The marginal distribution of the second order quadrules in the sponge wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62C0EFB1C5539B892" authority="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta, 2018" authorityName="Carrera & Rustán & Vaccari & Ezpeleta" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,523,1154,1179]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Minitaspongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62C0EFB1C5539B892" box="[359,523,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Minitaspongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2159011720AFFC62F7FFB1C554EB892" box="[534,636,1154,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369EDFD720AFFC62FF8FB1C55C0B897" box="[657,754,1154,1182]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1740,1760]" captionTargetBox="[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[98,1480,162,1714]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Hexactinellid sponge Minitaspongia parvis gen. et sp. nov. from the Tournaisian Carboniferous, Sierra de las Minitas section, La Rioja Province, Argentina. A. Holotype PULR-I 4, complete obconical specimen, showing the cylindrical acute base. External surface of the holotype showing deep impressions of vertical and horizontal tracts and cross-shaped spicule molds as second order elements in the middle of first order quadrules (A2). B. Paratype PULR-I 5, external impression with original spicules forming the reticulate skeleton (B1); detail showing a well preserved external area of the second order quadrules (B2); detail of the first order quadrules showing preserved hexactine-based spicules aligned (B3); detail of the tract with vertically oriented, main long axis hexactine- based spicules, bundles of two or three long spicule axis occur in the tract (B4); enlarged section of B4 showing nodes of the perpendicular axis of the hexactins (B5); details of the spicules in the tracts, long rayed hexactins, and small second order hexactins with equal-ray dimensions (B6, B7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Fig. 2B
|
||
<subScript id="17D6F33D720AFFC62F80FB1355C0B897" attach="left" box="[745,754,1165,1182]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">2</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), implies a more complex structure, fine autodermal and hypodermal meshes, which is comparable, to the restoration of Hall and Clarke (1899) or
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62CD7FB7C55E5B8F2" author="Finks, R. M. & Rigby, J. K." box="[446,727,1250,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="319 - E 556" refId="ref5389" refString="Finks, R. M. and Rigby, J. K. 2004. Paleozoic Hexactinellids. In: R. L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. E. Porifera (revised) 3. E 319 - E 556. Geological Society of America, Boulder and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2004">Finks and Rigby (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62D0BFA9D5621B915" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1882" box="[98,275,1283,1308]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Clathrospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62D0BFA9D5621B915" box="[98,275,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Clathrospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C528AFB720AFFC62C51FA9D56ECB915" authorityName="Hall and Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[312,478,1283,1308]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dictyospongiidae" genus="Thysanodictya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62C51FA9D56ECB915" box="[312,478,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Thysanodictya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEFABD558BBA75" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Hall and Clarke (1899) interpreted the quadrate mesh as representing radially, solid erected lamellae, as a common pattern seen in the subfamily. The coarse ridge mesh in our material is three-dimensional forming an apparent vertical wall expanded towards the interior of the sponge body. The vertical ridges are internally irregular composed of vertically and horizontally arranged bundles of subparallel hexactine-based spicules. This structure is different to the interpretation of quadrules with laminar solid walls envisaged by Hall and Clarke (1899), a view also questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62D0BF9FD5643BA75" author="Rigby, J. K. & Keyes, R., Jr." box="[98,369,1635,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="886 - 897" refId="ref6483" refString="Rigby, J. K. and Keyes, R., Jr. 1990. First Report of Hexactinellid Dictyosponges and other sponges from the Upper Mississippian Bangor Limestones, Northwestern Alabama. Journal of Paleontology 64: 886 - 897." type="journal article" year="1990">Rigby and Keyes (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC38C89720AFFC62CCEF9FD5587BA75" author="Finks, R. M. & Rigby, J. K." box="[423,693,1635,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="319 - E 556" refId="ref5389" refString="Finks, R. M. and Rigby, J. K. 2004. Paleozoic Hexactinellids. In: R. L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. E. Porifera (revised) 3. E 319 - E 556. Geological Society of America, Boulder and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2004">Finks and Rigby (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62DEEF91D56E6BB34" blockId="5.[98,771,160,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
A remaining unclear feature is the whole composition of the vertical and horizontal parietal tracts. It is clear that the main scaffold structure of the spicular skeleton is supported by the long vertical rayed hexactines, but unknown smaller elongated spicules (monaxon
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94FDA720AFFC62CC5F89A56D9BB14" box="[428,491,1796,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
|
||
?) may also participate in the spicular bundle construction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDF178720AFFC62D0BF8D1558ABBA1" blockId="5.[98,770,1871,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262D6A720AFFC62D0BF8D1552FBB61" box="[98,541,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Stratigraphic and geographic range.—</emphasis>
|
||
Tournaisian, Carboniferous; Agua de Lucho Formation, Las Minitas section,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49963F9A720AFFC62D0BF8115603BBA1" box="[98,305,1935,1960]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">La Rioja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F345B1E8720AFFC62CCCF8115525BBA1" box="[421,535,1935,1960]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Argentine</collectingCountry>
|
||
Precordillera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |